1.名词
名词按意义分可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadne等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：
1)个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。
2）集体名词：表示一群人或一些事物的名称，如：family。
3）物质名词：表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质，如：air。
4）抽象名词：表示人或事物的行为、状态、品质、情感或其他抽象概念的名称，如：work。
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词。 可数名词的复数
1.1 名词复数的规则变化
一般情况 加 -s 清辅音后读/s/ map-maps 浊辅音和元音后读 /z/ bag-bags /car-cars
以s, sh, ch, x等结尾 加 -es 读 /iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches 以辅音字母+y结尾 变y 为i再加es 读 /z/ baby---babies 1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化
1) 以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数：
如： two Marys
the Henrys
monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays
比较： 层楼：storey ---storeys
story---stories
2) 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：
a.有生命的名词加-es，如：tomato---tomatoes，potato---potatoes b.无生命的名词加-s，如： photo---photos c.结尾是两个元音字母的名词加-s，如：zoo---zoos，radio---radios d.zero变复数时，既可以加-s，也可以加-es 3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时：
去f,fe 加ves，如：half---halves
knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves
wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves； 1.3 名词复数的不规则变化
1）child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth
mouse---mice
man---men
woman---women
注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。
如： an Englishman，two Englishmen.但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；
2）单复同形 如：
deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese
li， yuan，two li，
但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars;
a pound，three pounds 3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。
如： people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swi 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。
如： The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：
a.maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。
b.news 是不可数名词。
c.以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。
\"The Arabian Nights\" is a very interesting story-book. >是一本非常有趣的故事书。
5) 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glaes (眼镜) trousers, clothes
若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glaes; two pairs of trousers 1.4 不可数名词量的表示
物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量。
如：
a gla of water 一杯水
a piece of advice 一条建议
1.5 不同国家的人的单复数
名称
总称(谓语用复数）
一个人
两个人
中国人
the Chinese
a Chinese
two Chinese 瑞士人
the Swi
a Swi
two Swi 澳大利亚人the Australians
an Australian
two Australians
俄国人
the Ruians
a Ruian
two Ruians 意大利人 the Italians
an Italian two Italians 希腊人
the Greek
a Greek
two Greeks 法国人
the French
a Frenchman
two Frenchmen 日本人
the Japanese
a Japanese
two Japanese 美国人
the Americans
an American
two Americans
印度人
the Indians
an Indian
two Indians 加拿大人 the Canadians
a Canadian
two Canadians 德国人
the Germans
a Germans
two Germans 英国人
the English
an Englishman
two Englishmen 瑞典人
the Swedish
a Swede
two Swedes
1.6 名词的句子功能
名词在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、介词宾语、名词短语作状语、定语等。
I washed my clothes yesterday.This is a book.He is a Party member.The bag is in the desk.
例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！
1.They got much _____ from those new books.
A.ideas
B.photos
C.news
D.stories
解析: much 是用来修饰不可数名词的, A B D三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式, C项为不可数名词, 因此选C.2.I have two _______ and three bottles of _________ here.
A.orange, orange
B.oranges, oranges
C.oranges, orange
D.orange, oranges 解析: orange 有两种含义, 一种可数名词橘子, 另一种是不可数名词橘汁, 此题第一空应填可数名词, 第二空填不可数名词, 因此选 C。
3.Every evening M r.King takes a _________ to his home .
A.25 minutes’ walk
B.25 minute’s walk
C.25 minute walk
D.25 minutes walk 解析: 句中的 minute应该用其复数的所有格形式,只+’,而不能+s,因此选A。 4.An old _______ wants to see you.
A.people
B.person
C.the people
D.the person
解析: person 与people 都有”人” 的意思, 但用法不同.“一个人”用 “a person”, “两个人” 用 “two persons”; people 泛指 “人们”是集合名词,表示复数, the people 指 “人民”, a people 指 “一个民族”.应选B。 5.Help yourself to __________.
A.chickens and apples
B.chickens and apple
C.chicken and apple
D.chicken and apples 解析: chicken 可用作可数名词指小鸡,用作不可数名词指鸡肉,根据词题意应理解为鸡肉;apple为可数名词, 故应+s, 因此选D。 6.Oh, dear.I forgot the two _________.
A.room’s number
B.rooms’ number
C.room numbers
D.rooms’ numbers 解析: room number 房间号码.room可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词 .类似的还有my phsics teacher, two bus drivers 等. 应选C。
7.She has been in Tianjin for ten years.Tianjin has become her second _________.
A.family
B.house
C.home
D.room
解析: family指的是家庭或是家庭成员; house指的是房子(住所); room 指的是房间;而home 指的是家, 因此选C.8.________ mothers couldn’t go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai .
A.Mary and Peter’s
B.Mary and Peter
C.Mary’s and Peter
D.Mary’s and Peter’s
解析: 此句中 “mothers”是复数,表示两个人各自的母亲,因此应选D。 9.Li Lei has been to __________ many times this month.
A.her uncle
B.her uncle’s
C.her uncles
D.aunt’s
解析: 此句意为 “李雷这个去她舅舅家多次”.表示具体场所时, 可省去所有格后面的名词.因此选B。
10.He is a succe as a leader but he hasn’t ________ in teaching.
A.many experiences
B.much experience
C.an experience
D.a lot experience 解析: experience 作 “经验” 讲时是不可数名词, 作 “经历”讲时是可数名词.本句中应理解为 “经验”,因此是不可数名词,排除 A C.又因 a lot of , lots of, plenty of 只用于肯定句, 不用于否定句, 因此选B。
11.A clamate of _________ was here ten minutes ago.
A.you
B.your
C.your sister
D.your sister’s 解析: 此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选D。
12.A group of _________ are talking with two ___________.
A.Frenchmen, Germans
B.Germans ,Frenchmans
C.Frenchmans , Germen
D.Germen , Frenchmen
解析: Frenchman 是复合词,其复数形式为 Frenchmen; German 的复数为直接在单词末尾+S, 应选A.13.The team ________ having a meeting .
A.is
B.are
C.am
D.be 解析: team 是一个集合名词,即可表示复数意义(指整个小组) , 也可指小组中的成员(表示复数), 此题意为后者, 因此选B。
14.“Would you like _________?”
“________, please.”
A.drink, Three coffees
B.a cup of drink, Coffees C.a drink, A coffee
D.a drink, Three cups of coffees 解析: drink 和coffee是不可数名词, 可以用„of来表示数量, eg, three cups of coffee, 当前面加a 时,则表示 “一杯”．因此选C。
15.The Great Wall was made not only by _______, but also the flesh and blood of ________ men.
A.earth and stone, millions of
B.earths and stones, millions
C.the earth and stone, million of
D.the earths and stones, millions 解析：earth 是不可数名词，因此删除B D,数以百万的应为millions of . 因此选A。
练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！
选择最佳答案：
1． Last night, there was a food accident.The _______ were ill, but no _______ were lost. A.child, lives
B.children, life
C.children, lives
D.child, life 2.---This is a photo of _________ when they were young.
---OK, how happy they both looked!
A.my father and mother
B.my mother and father\'s
C.my mother\'s and father\'s
D.my father\'s and my mother 3.The new student is in __________ , Grade Two.
A.Cla Third
B.Third Cla
C.Cla Three
D.Three cla 4.Today is September 10th.It\'s __________ Day.Let\'s go and buy some flowers for our teachers.
A.Teachers
B.Teachers\'
C.the Teachers\'
D.Teacher\'s 5.The market isn\'t far from here.It\'s only _________ bicycle ride.
A.half an hours\'
B.half an hour\'s
C.half an hour
D.an hour and a half 6.--- What would you like to drink, girls?
--- _________, please.
A.Two cup of coffee
B.Two cups of coffe
C.Two cups of coffee
D.Two cups of coffees 7.During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for _________.
A.fun
B.wishes
C.interest
D.thanks 8.Some _________ are flying kites near the river.
A.child
B.boy
C.boys
D.childs 9.After the exam, we\'ll have________ holiday.
A.two weeks
B.two-weeks
C.two weeks\'
D.two week\'s 10.They are those _________ bags.Please put them on the bus.
A.visitor
B.visitors
C.visitor\'s
D.visitors\' 11.--- How many workers are there in your factory?
--- There are two ___________.
A.hundreds B.hundred
C.hundred of
D.hundreds of 12.---What do you think of the _______ the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven?
--- It sounds really wonderful.
A.subject
B.music
C.book
D.animal 13.There is not enough _________ in the corner for the fridge.
A.place
B.room
C.field
D.ground 14._________ comes from sheep and some people like eating it A.Wool
B.Pork
C.Mutton
D.Milk 15.If you don\'t take more ________, you\'ll get fat. A.medicine
B.leons
C.photos
D.exercise 16.My school is about twenty ________ walk from here.
A.minute
B.minutes\'
C.minutes\'s
D.minutes 17.Mum, I have _______ to tell you!
A.a good news
B.some good news
C.some good newes
D.much good news 18.Which is the ________ to the post office?
A.street
B.way
C.road
D.addre 19.I stayed at ________ last Sunday.
A.my uncles
B.my uncles\'
C.my uncle\'s
D.my uncle\'s family 20.Maths ________ not easy to learn.
A.are
B.is
C.am
D.were
1-5 CBCBB
6-10 CACCD
11-15 ABBCD
16-20 BBBCB
