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四级核心词汇(精选多篇)

发布时间:2022-03-13 15:01:21 来源:其他范文 收藏本文 下载本文 手机版

推荐第1篇:英语四级核心词汇总结

1.alter v.改变,改动,变更

2.burst vi.n.突然发生,爆裂

3.dispose vi.除掉;处置;解决;处理

4.blast n.爆炸;气流vi.炸,炸掉

5.consume v.消耗,耗尽

6.split v.劈开;割裂;分裂a.裂开的

7.spit v.吐;唾弃

8.spill v.溢出,溅出,倒出

9.slip v.滑动,滑落;忽略

10.slide v.滑动,滑落n.滑动;滑面;幻灯片

11.bacteria n.细菌

12.breed n.种,品种v.繁殖,产仔外语学习网

13.budget n.预算v.编预算,作安排

14.candidate n.候选人

15.campus n.校园

16.liberal a.慷慨的;丰富的;自由的

17.transform v.转变,变革;变换

18.transmit v.传播,播送;传递

19.transplant v.移植

20.transport vt.运输,运送n.运输,运输工具

推荐第2篇:大学四级核心高频词汇总结

大学四级核心高频词汇总结

1.abandon vt.丢弃;放弃,抛弃 2.absence n.缺席,不在场;缺乏 3.absolute a.绝对的;纯粹的 4.absorb vt.吸收;使专心

5.abstract a.抽象的 n.摘要 6.abundant a.丰富的;大量的 7.abuse vt.滥用;虐待 n.滥用 8.academic a.学院的;学术的 9.academy n.私立中学;专科院校 10.accelerate vt.(使)加快;促进 11.acceleration n.加速;加速度 12.acceptance n.接受,验收;承认 13.acce n.接近;通道,入口

14.accidental a.偶然的;非本质的 15.accommodation n.招待设备;预定铺位16.accompany vt.陪伴,陪同;伴随 17.accord vt.使一致;给予

18.accordance n.一致;和谐;授予 19.accordingly ad.因此,所以;照着 20.account n.记述;解释;帐目 21.accumulate vt.积累 vi.堆积 22.accuracy n.准确(性);准确度

23.accurate a.准确的,正确无误的 24.accuse vt.指责;归咎于

25.accustomed a.惯常的;习惯的 26.achievement n.完成;成就,成绩 27.acquaintance n.认识;了解;熟人 28.acquire vt.取得;获得;学到 29.acute a.尖的,锐的;敏锐的 30.adapt vt.使适应;改编

31.additional a.附加的,追加的 32.adequate a.足够的;可以胜任的 33.adjust vt.调整,调节;校正 34.administration n.管理;管理部门 35.admiion n.允许进入;承认 36.adopt vt.收养;采用;采取

37.advantage n.优点,优势;好处

38.advertisement n.广告;公告;登广告 39.advisable n.明智的;可取的 40.affection n.慈爱,爱;爱慕 41.agency n.经办;代理;代理处

42.agent n.代理人,代理商

43.aggreive a.侵略的;好斗的 44.aid n.帮助,救护;助手 45.air n.空气;空中;外观 46.aircraft n.飞机,飞行器 47.alarm n.惊恐,忧虑;警报 48.alcohol n.酒精,乙醇 49.alike a.同样的,相同的 50.alter vt.改变,变更;改做 51.alternative n.替换物;取舍,抉择52.ambition n.雄心,抱负,野心 53.ambulance n.救护车;野战医院 54.analyse vt.分析,分解,解析 55.analysis n.分析,分解,解析 56.angle n.角,角度

57.announce vt.宣布,宣告,发表 58.annual a.每年的 n.年报

59.anticipate vt.预料,预期,期望 60.anxiety n.焦虑,忧虑;渴望 61.apart ad.相隔;分开;除去 62.apartment n.一套公寓房间 63.

appeal vi.&n.呼吁;申述

64.appearance n.出现,来到;外观 65.appetite n.食欲,胃口;欲望 66.appliance n.用具,器具,器械 67.applicable a.能应用的;适当的 68.application n.请求,申请;施用 69.appoint vt.任命,委任;约定 70.appointment n.任命;约定,约会 71.appreciate vt.欣赏;领会;感谢 72.approach vt.向…靠近n.靠近73.appropriate a.适当的,恰当的 74.approval n.赞成,同意;批准 75.approve vt.赞成,称许;批准 76.approximate a.近似的 vt.近似 77.arbitrary a.随心所欲的;专断的 78.architecture n.建筑学;建筑式样 79.arise vi.出现;由…引起 80.arouse vt.引起,唤起;唤醒 81.arrest vt.逮捕,拘留;阻止 82.artificial a.人工的;娇揉造作的

83.aemble vt.集合,召集;装配 84.ae vt.对(财产等)估价 85.aign vt.指派;分配;指定 86.aignment n.任务,指定的作业 87.aist vt.援助,帮助;搀扶

88.aistant n.助手,助理;助教 89.aociate vi.交往 n.伙伴,同事 90.aociation n.协会,团体;联合 91.aure vt.使确信;向…保证 92.athlete n.运动员;田径运动员 93.attach vt.缚,系,贴;附加 94.attain vt.达到,获得,完成 95.attitude n.态度,看法;姿势 96.authority n.当局,官方;权力 97.available a.可利用的;通用的 98.average n.平均数 a.平均的 99.avoid vt.避免,躲开;撤消 100.await vt.等候,期待

101.award n.奖,奖品;判定 102.awkward a.笨拙的;尴尬的

103.backward a.向后的;倒的 ad.倒 104.bacteria n.细菌 105.barber n.理发师

106.bargain n.交易 vi.议价;成交 107.barrier n.栅栏,屏障;障碍 108.basically ad.基本上

109.bear vt.容忍;负担;生育 110.behalf n.利益,维护,支持 111.behavior n.行为,举止,态度 112.beneficial a.有利的,有益的 113.bet vt.&vi.&n.打赌 114.billion num.万亿(英) 115.bite vt.咬,叮,螫;剌穿 116.blame vt.责备,把…归咎于 117.blast n.爆炸,冲击波 vt.炸 118.bleed vi.出血,流血;泌脂 119.blend vt.&vi.&n.混和 120.bloom n.花;开花,开花期 121.boast vi.自夸 vt.吹嘘 122.bound a.一定的;有义务的 123.boundary n.分界线,办界 124.brake n.闸,刹车 vi.制动 125.brand n.商品;烙印 vt.铭刻 126.breed n.品种 vt.使繁殖

127.brief a.简短的;短暂的 128.brilliant a.光辉的;卓越的 129.bulk n.物体,容积,大批 130.bunch n.束,球,串;一群 131.bureau n.局,司,处;社,所 132.cabbage n.洋白菜,卷心菜 133.cabinet n.橱,柜;内阁 134.calculate vt.计算;估计;计划 135.calendar n.日历,历书;历法 136.cancel vt.取消,撤消;删去 137.candidate n.候选人;投考者 138.capable a.有能力的,有才能的 139.capacity n.容量;能力;能量 140.capture vt.捕获,俘获;夺得 141.carbon n.碳

142.career n.生涯,职业,经历 143.carpenter n.木工,木匠 144.carrot n.胡罗卜 145.cash n.现金,现款 146.cast vt.投,扔,抛;浇铸 147.casual a.偶然的;随便的 148.cease vi.&vi.&n.停止,停息 149.ceremony n.典礼,仪式;礼节 150.certificate n.证书,证件,执照 151.challenge n.挑战;要求,需要 152.character n.性格;特性;角色 153.characteristic a.特有的 n.特性 154.charity n.施舍;慈善事业 155.chase n.追逐,追赶,追求 156.chew vt.咀嚼,嚼碎 157.chill vt.使变冷 n.寒冷 158.choke vt.使窒息;塞满 159.circuit n.电路;环行;巡行 160.circulate vt.使循环 vi.循环 161.circumstance n.情况,条件;境遇 162.civil a.公民的;文职的 163.civilization n.文明,文化;开化 164.claim vt.声称,主张;索取 165.clap vi.拍手 vt.拍,轻拍 166.clarify vt.澄清,阐明

167.claical a.古典的;经典的 168.claification n.分类;分级;分类法 169.claify vt.把…分类

170.clue n.线索,暗示,提示 171.clumsy a.笨拙的;愚笨的 172.coarse a.粗的,粗糙的 173.code n.准则;法典;代码 174.coil n.(一)卷;线圈 vt.卷 175.collapse vi.倒坍;崩溃,瓦解 176.colleague n.同事,同僚

177.collective a.集体的;集合性的 178.collision n.碰撞;冲突 179.colony n.殖民地;侨居地 180.combination n.结合,联合;化合 181.combine vt.使结合;兼有 182.comment n.评论,意见;注释 183.commerce n.商业,贸易;社交 184.commercial a.商业的;商品化的 185.commiion n.委任状;委员会 186.commit vt.犯(错误);干(坏事) 187.companion n.同伴;共事者;伴侣 188.comparison n.比较,对照;比似 189.compel vt.强迫,迫使屈服 190.compete vi.比赛;竞争;对抗 191.competent a.有能力的;应该做的 192.competition n.竞争,比赛

193.complain vi.抱怨,拆苦;控告 194.complaint n.抱怨;怨言;控告 195.complex a.结合的;复杂的 196.complicated a.复杂的,难懂的 197.component n.组成部分;分;组件 198.comprehensive a.广泛的;理解的 199.compre vt.压紧,压缩

200.comprise vt.包含,包括;构成 201.compromise n.妥协,和解 202.conceal vt.把…隐藏起来

203.concentrate vt.集中;聚集;浓缩 204.concentration n.集中;专注;浓缩 205.concrete n.混凝土;具体物 206.condemn vt.谴责,指责;判刑 207.condense vt.压缩,使缩短 208.conduct n.举止,行为;指导 209.confe vt.供认,承认;坦白 210.confidence n.信任;信赖;信心 211.confine vt.限制;禁闭 212.confirm vt.证实,肯定;批准 213.conflict n.争论;冲突;斗争 214.confuse vt.使混乱,混淆

215.confusion n.混乱;骚乱;混淆 216.congre n.大会;国会,议会

217.conjunction n.接合,连接;连接词 218.connection n.连接,联系;连贯性 219.conquest n.攻取,征服;克服 220.conscience n.良心,道德心 221.conscious a.意识到的;有意的 222.consent n.同意,赞成 vi.同意 223.consequence n.结果,后果 224.conservative a.保守的 n.保守的人 225.consider vt.认为;考虑;关心 226.considerable a.相当大的;重要的 227.considerate a.考虑周到的;体谅的 228.consideration n.考虑,思考;体贴 229.consistent a.坚持的,一贯的 230.constitution n.章程;体质;构造 231.consult vt.请教,查阅

232.consumption n.消耗量;消耗 233.contact vt.使接触;与…联系 234.contemporary a.当代的,同时代的 235.content n.内容,目录;容量 236.contest vt.争夺,争取;辩驳 237.continual a.不断的;连续的

238.continuous a.连续不断的,持续的 239.contradiction n.矛盾,不一致;否认 240.contrast n.对比,对照,悬殊 241.contribute vt.捐献,捐助;投稿 242.convenience n.便利,方便;厕所 243.convention n.习俗,惯例;公约 244.conventional a.普通的;习惯的 245.conversely ad.相反地

246.convert vt.使转变;使改变 247.convey vt.传送;运送;传播 248.cooperate vi.合作,协作;配合 249.coordinate vt.使协调,调节 250.cope vi.对付,应付 251.cord n.细绳,粗线,索 252.corporation n.公司,企业;社团 253.correspond vi.相符合;相当 254.correspondent n.通信者;通讯员 255.corresponding a.相应的;符合的 256.costly a.昂贵的;价值高的 257.court n.法院,法庭;庭院 258.craft n.工艺;手艺,行业 259.crane n.起重机,摄影升降机 260.crash vi.碰撞,坠落 n.碰撞 261.crawl vi.爬,爬行

262.creative a.创造性的,创作的 263.credit n.信用贷款;信用 264.creep vi.爬行;缓慢地行进 265.crew n.全体船员

266.crisis n.危机;存亡之际 267.critic n.批评家,爱挑剔的人 268.critical a.决定性的;批评的 269.crude a.简陋的;天然的 270.crush vt.压碎,碾碎;镇压 271.crust n.面包皮;硬外皮 272.cultivate vt.耕;种植;培养 273.curiosity n.好奇,好奇心;珍品 274.curl n.卷毛;螺旋 vi.卷曲 275.current a.当前的;通用的 276.curse n.诅咒,咒骂;天谴 277.cycle n自行车,循环

278.dairy n.牛奶场;乳制品

279.damage vt.损害,毁坏 n.损害 280.damp a.潮湿的,有湿气的 281.data n.数据; 资料

282.debate n.&vi.争论,辩论 283.decade n.十年,十年期 284.deceive vt.欺骗,蒙蔽,行骗 285.decent a.正派的;体面的 286.decorate vt.装饰,装璜,修饰 287.defect n.缺点,缺陷,欠缺 288.definitely ad.一定地,明确地 289.definition n.定义,释义;定界 290.delay vt.推迟;耽搁;延误 291.delete vt.删除;擦掉

292.delicate a.纤细的;易碎的 293.deliver vt.投递,送交;发表 294.delivery n.投递;交付;分娩 295.democratic a.民主的,民主政体的 296.demonstrate vt.说明;论证;表露 297.density n.密集,稠密;密度 298.deny vt.否定;拒绝相信 299.depart vi.离开,起程;出发 300.departure n.离开,出发,起程 301.deposit vt.使沉淀;存放 302.depre vt.使沮丧;按下

303.derive vt.取得 vi.起源 304.descend vi.下来,下降;下倾 305.deserve vt.应受,值得

306.desirable a.值得相望的;可取的 307.despair n.绝望 vi.绝望

308.desperate a.拼死的;绝望的

309.destination n.目的地,终点;目标 310.destruction n.破坏,毁灭,消灭 311.detection n.察觉,发觉;侦察 312.determination n.决心;决定;确定 313.device n.器械,装置;设计 314.devise vt.设计,发明 315.dial n.钟面;拨号盘 vt.拨 316.dialect n.方言,土语,地方话 317.dictate vt.&vi.口授;命令 318.differ vi.不同,相异 319.difference n.差别;差;分歧 320.digest vt.消化;领会 n.文摘 321.digital a.数字的,计数的 322.dim a.昏暗的;朦胧的

323.dimension n.尺寸,尺度;面积 324.dip vt.浸,蘸 vi.浸一浸 325.disaster n.灾难,灾祸;天灾 326.discard vt.丢弃,抛弃,遗弃 327.disk n.圆盘,唱片;磁盘 328.discharge vt.释放;排出 n.释放 329.discipline n.纪律;训练 vt.训练 330.disguise vi.隐瞒,掩埋 n.假装 331.disgust n.厌恶,憎恶

332.dislike vt.&n.不喜爱,厌恶 333.dismi vt.不再考虑;解雇 334.disorder n.混乱,杂乱;骚乱 335.display vt.陈列,展览;显示 336.disposal n.丢掉,处理,销毁 337.dispose vi.去掉,丢掉;销毁 338.dispute vi.争论,争执 n.争论 339.diolve vt.使溶解;解散 340.distinct a.与其他不同的

341.distinction n.差别,不同,区分 342.distinguish vt.区别,辨别,认别 343.distre n.忧虑,悲伤;不幸 344.distribute vt.分发,分送;分布 345.distribution n.分发,分配;分布 346.diverse a.不一样的,相异的 347.domestic a.本国的;家庭的 348.dose n.剂量,用量;一剂

349.doubtful a.难以预测的;怀疑的 350.draft n.草稿;汇票 vt.起草 351.drag vt.拖,拉;拖曳 352.drain vt.排去;放水 n.耗竭 353.drama n.一出戏剧,剧本 354.dramatic a.引人注目的,戏剧的 355.drawer n.抽屉

356.drift vi.漂流,漂泊 n.漂流 357.dump vt.倾卸,倾倒;倾销 358.durable a.耐久的,耐用的 359.duration n.持续,持久

360.dynamic a.有活力的;动力的

361.earnest a.认真的,诚恳的 362.ease n.容易,舒适 vt.缓和 363.economic a.经济的,经济学的 364.economical a.节约的;经济学的 365.economy n.经济;节约,节省 366.edition n.版,版本,版次 367.editor n.编辑,编者,校订者 368.efficiency n.效率;功效,效能 369.elaborate a.复杂的;精心制作的 370.elastic n.松紧带 a.有弹性的 371.elbow n.肘,肘部;弯管 372.electrical a.电的,电气科学的 373.electron n.电子

374.electronic a.电子的

375.elementary a.基本的;初级的 376.eliminate vt.消灭,消除,排除 377.embarra vt.使窘迫,使为难 378.embrace vt.拥抱;包括;包围 379.emerge vi.出现,涌现;冒出

380.emergency n.紧急情况,突然事件 381.emit vt.散发;发射;发表 382.emotion n.情感,感情;激动 383.emotional a.感情的,情绪的 384.emphasize vt.强调,着重 385.enable vt.使能够,使可能 386.enclose vt.围住,圈起;附上 387.encounter vt.遭遇,遇到 n.遭遇 388.ending n.结尾,结局;死亡 389.endure vt.忍受;容忍

390.enforce vt.实施,执行;强制

391.engage vt.使从事于;聘用 392.enlarge vt.扩大,扩展;放大 393.ensure vt.保证;保护;赋予 394.entertain vt.使欢乐;招待

395.enthusiasm n.热情,热心,热忱 396.entitle vt.给…权利(或资格) 397.entry n.入口处;登记;进入 398.envy vt.&n.妒忌;羡慕 399.equation n.方程(式);等式 400.equipment n.装备,设备,配备 401.equivalent a.相等的;等量的 402.era n.时代,年代;纪元 403.erect vt.建造;使竖立 404.error n.错误,谬误;差错 405.eay n.短文,散文,小品文 406.eential a.必要的,本质的 407.establishment n.建立,设立,确立408.estimate vt.估计,评价 n.估计 409.evaluate vt.评价,估…的价 410.evidence n.根据;证据,证人 411.evolution n.进化,演化;发展 412.evolve vt.使进化;使发展 413.exaggerate vt.&vi.夸大,夸张 414.exceed vt.超过,胜过;超出 415.exceedingly ad.极端地,非常 416.exce n.超越;过量;过度 417.exceive a.过多的,极度的 418.exchange vt.交换;交流 n.交换 419.exclaim vi.呼喊;惊叫 420.exclude vt.把…排除在外 421.exclusively ad.专门地

422.excursion n.远足;短途旅行 423.execute vt.将…处死;实施 424.exert vt.尽(力),运用 425.exhaust vt.使筋疲力尽;用尽 426.exhibit vt.显示;陈列,展览 427.expand vt.扩大;使膨胀 428.expansion n.扩大,扩充;扩张 429.expectation n.期待,期望,预期 430.expense n.花费,消费;费用

431.experimental a.实验的,试验的 432.exploit vt.剥削;利用;开拓 433.explore vt.&vi.探险,探索 434.expose vt.使暴露;揭露

435.exposure n.暴露;揭露;曝光 436.extensive a.广阔的;广泛的 437.extent n.广度;范围;程度 438.exterior a.外部的;对外的 439.external a.外部的,外面的

440.extraordinary a.非同寻常的,特别的 441.extreme a.极度的;尽头的 442.faculty n.才能,能力;系,科 443.fade vi.褪色;逐渐消失 444.faithful a.忠诚的;如实的 445.fancy n.想象力;设想;爱好 446.fare n.车费,船费,票价 447.fashionable a.流行的,时髦的 448.fasten vt.扎牢,扣住 449.fatal a.致命的;命运的 450.fatigue n.疲劳,劳累 451.fault n.缺点;过失;故障 452.faulty a.有错误的,有缺点的 453.favourable a.有利的;赞成的 454.favourite a.特别受喜爱的 455.feasible a.可行的;可能的 456.feature n.特征,特色;面貌 457.fee n.费,酬金;赏金

458.feedback n.回授,反馈,反应 459.fertile a.肥沃的;多产的 460.fiction n.小说;虚构,杜撰 461.fierce a.凶猛的,狂热的 462.figure n.数字;外形;人物 463.file n.档案 vt.把…归档 464.finance n.财政,金融;财源 465.fire n.火;火灾 vi.开火 466.fleet n.舰队;船队,机群 467.flesh n.肉,肌肉;肉体

468.flexible a.易弯曲的;灵活的 469.float vi.漂浮 vt.使漂浮

470.flourish vi.繁荣,茂盛,兴旺 471.focus vi.聚焦,注视 n.焦点 472.forecast n.预测,预报 vt.预示 473.formation n.形成;构成;形成物 474.fortnight n.两星期,十四天 475.fortunately ad.幸运地,幸亏 476.fortune n.命运,运气;财产 477.foundation n.基础;地基;基金 478.fraction n.小部分;片断;分数

479.fragment n.碎片,破片,碎块 480.frame n.框架,框子;构架

481.framework n.框架,构架,结构 482.frequency n.屡次;次数;频率 483.frown vi.皱眉,蹙额

484.fundamental a.基础的,基本的 485.furnish vt.供应,提供;装备 486.gallery n.长廊,游廊;画廊 487.garbage n.垃圾,污物,废料 488.gaze vi.凝视,盯,注视 489.generate vt.发生;引起;生殖 490.generous a.慷慨的;宽厚的 491.genuine a.真的;真正的

492.glimpse vt.瞥见 n.一瞥,一看 493.glue n.胶,胶水 vt.胶合 494.grant n.授给物 vt.授予 495.grateful a.感激的;令人愉快的 496.gratitude a.感激,感谢,感恩 497.grip vt.握紧,抓牢 n.紧握 498.gro a.总的;严重的 499.guarantee n.保证;担保物 500.guidance n.引导,指导,领导 501.guilty a.内疚的;有罪的 502.halt vi.停止;立定 n.停住 503.handy a.手边的;便于使用的 504.harmony n.调合,协调,和谐 505.haste n.急速,急忙;草率 506.hazard n.危险;公害 507.heal vt.治愈;使和解 508.heap n.(一)堆;大量

509.historical a.历史的,有关历史的510.hollow a.空的;空洞的 511.horizon n.地平线;眼界,见识 512.horizontal a.地平的;水平的 513.host n.主人;东道主

514.hostile a.敌方的;不友善的 515.identical a.完全相同的;同一的 516.identify vt.认出,识别,鉴定 517.idle a.空闲的;懒散的 518.illegal a.不合法的,非法的 519.illustrate vt.(用图等)说明 520.image n.像;形象;映象

521.imaginary a.想象中的,假想的 522.imitate vt.模仿,仿效;仿制

523.impact n.影响,作用;冲击 524.impatient a.不耐烦的,急躁的 525.implication n.含义,暗示,暗指 526.impose vt.把…强加;征(税) 527.incline n.斜坡 vt.使倾斜 528.indicate vt.标示,表示;表明 529.indifferent a.冷漠的;不积极的 530.indispensable a.必不可少的,必需的 531.individual a.个别的;独特的 532.inevitable a.不可避免的,必然的 533.inferior a.下等的;劣等的 534.influential a.有影响的;有权势的 535.inform vt.通知,向…报告 536.inhabitant n.居民,住户 537.inherit vt.继承(传统等) 538.installation n.安装;装置;设施 539.instrument n.仪器;工具;乐器 540.insurance n.保险;保险费 541.intend vt.想要,打算;意指 542.intense a.强烈的;紧张的 543.intensity n.强烈,剧烈;强度 544.intensive a.加强的;精耕细作的 545.intention n.意图,意向,目的 546.interaction n.相互作用;干扰 547.interfere vi.干涉,干预;妨碍 548.internal a.内的;国内的 549.interpretation n.解释;口译 550.interval n.间隔;休息;间距 551.interview n.接见;会见;面谈 552.invest vt.投资;投入

553.investigate vt.&vi.调查

554.investment n.投资,投资额,投入 555.invisible a.看不见的,无形的 556.iue n.问题;发行 vt.发行 557.jam n.果酱

558.jam vt.使塞满;使堵塞 559.joint n.接头,接缝;关节 560.junior a.年少的 n.晚辈 561.justify vt.证明…是正当的 562.keen a.热心的;激烈的 563.label n.标签;标记,符号 564.lag vi.走得慢 n.落后

565.lamb n.羔羊,小羊;羔羊肉 566.latter a.(两者中)后者的

567.launch vt.发射,投射;发动 568.laundry n.洗衣房,洗衣店 569.layout n.布局,安排,设计 570.leak vi.漏;泄露 n.漏洞 571.lean vi.倾斜,屈身;靠 572.lest conj.惟恐,以免

573.liable a.易于…的;可能的 574.liberal a.心胸宽大的;慷慨的 575.liberty n.自由;释放;许可 576.librarian n.图书馆馆长 577.license n.许可;执照 vt.准许 578.lick vt.舔;舔吃

579.likely a.可能的 ad.很可能 580.limb n.肢,臂,翼;树枝 581.local a.地方的;局部的

582.maintain vt.维持;赡养;维修 583.manufacture vt.制造 n.制造;产品584.mature a.成熟的 vt.使成熟 585.means n.方法,手段,工具 586.mechanic n.技工,机械,机修工

587.mechanical a.机械的;力学的 588.medal n.奖章,勋章,纪念章 589.me n.混乱,混杂,肮脏 590.minority n.少数;少数民族 591.miing a.缺掉的,失去的 592.moderate a.温和的;有节制的 593.mood n.心情,情绪;语气 594.mostly ad.主要的,大部分 595.muscle n.肌肉,肌;体力 596.mutual a.相互的;共同的 597.namely ad.即,也就是

598.navigation n.航行;航海术;导航 599.necearily ad.必然,必定 600.neceity n.必要性;必然性 601.negative a.否定的;消极的 602.neglect vt.忽视,忽略;疏忽 603.network n.网状物;网络 604.neutral a.中立的;中性的 605.normally ad.通常,正常地 606.noticeable a.显而易见的;重要的 607.novel n.小说 a.新的

608.nuclear a.原子核的;核心的 609.nuisance n.讨厌的东西

610.objection n.反对,异议;不喜欢

611.objective a.客观的;无偏见的 612.observation n.注意;观察;观察力 613.observe vt.遵守;看到;说 614.observer n.观察员,观测者 615.obstacle n.障碍,障碍物,妨害 616.obtain vt.获得,得到,买到 617.obvious a.明显的,显而易见的 618.occasion n.场合,时刻;时机 619.occupation n.占领,占据;职业 620.occupy vt.占领;占,占有 621.occurrence n.发生,出现;事件 622.odd a.奇数的;单只的 623.offend vt.冒犯 vi.犯过错 624.omit vt.省略,省去;遗漏 625.opening a.开始的 n.开始 626.operation n.操作;手术;运算 627.operational a.操作上的;可使用的 628.operator n.操作人员,接线员 629.opponent n.对手,敌手;对抗者 630.opportunity n.机会,良机 631.oppose vt.反对;反抗

632.optical a.眼的;光学的

633.optimistic a.乐观的;乐观主义的 634.option n.选择,选择权 635.optional a.可以任意选择的 636.orderly a.整洁的;有秩序的 637.organic a.有机体的;器官的 638.organism n.生物体;有机体 639.origin n.起源,由来;出身 640.original a.最初的;新颖的 641.outcome n.结果,后果,成果 642.output n.产量;输出量;输出 643.outset n.开始,开端

644.outward a.外面的;向外的 645.oven n.炉,灶;烘箱

646.overall n.工装裤 a.全面的 647.overcome vt.战胜,克服 648.overhead a.在头顶上的;架空的 649.overlook vt.眺望;看漏;放任 650.overtake vt.追上,赶上;压倒 651.pace n.步,步速 vi.踱步 652.panel n.专门小组;面,板 653.parade n.游行;检阅 vi.游行 654.parallel a.平行的;相同的

655.parliament n.议会,国会 656.partial a.部分的;不公平的

657.participate vi.参与,参加;分享 658.partner n.伙伴;搭挡;配偶 659.paion n.激情,热情;爱好 660.patch n.补钉;碎片 vt.补缀 661.payment n.支付,支付的款项 662.peach n.桃子,桃树

663.peak n.山顶,巅 a.最高的 664.peculiar a.特有的;特别的 665.pension n.抚恤金,年金 666.perceive vt.察觉,发觉;理解 667.percentage n.百分比,百分率 668.performance n.履行;演出;行为 669.permanent a.永久的,持久的 670.persist vi.坚持,固执;持续

671.personnel n.全体人员,全体职员 672.perspective n.透视;远景;观点 673.peimistic a.悲观的;厌世的 674.phase n.阶段;方面;相位 675.philosopher n.哲学家 676.physician n.医生,内科医生 677.pierce vt.剌穿 vi.穿入 678.pillar n.柱,柱子;栋梁 679.pilot n.领航员;飞行员 680.pit n.坑,地坑;煤矿 681.pitch n.沥青

682.plantation n.种植园;栽植 683.plug n.塞子;插头 vt.塞 684.plunge vt.使投入;使陷入 685.policy n.政策,方针 686.polish vt.磨光;使优美 687.politician n.政治家;政客 688.portable a.轻便的;手提的 689.portion n.一部分;一分 690.positive a.确定的;积极的 691.poe vt.占用,拥有(财产) 692.postage n.邮费,邮资 693.postman n.邮递员

694.postpone vt.延迟,推迟,延缓 695.potential a.潜在的 n.潜力 696.powerful a.强有力的;有权威的 697.practically ad.实际上;几乎 698.precaution n.预防;警惕 699.preceding a.在前的;在先的 700.precious a.珍贵的,宝贵的 701.precise a.精确的,准确的

702.precision n.精确,精密,精密度 703.preferable a.更可取的,更好的 704.preference n.偏爱,优先;优先权 705.prejudice n.偏见,成见 706.preliminary a.预备的,初步的 707.prescribe vt.命令;处(方) 708.presence n.出席,到场;在 709.presently ad.一会儿;目前 710.preserve vt.保护;保存;腌渍 711.pre vt.压,按,揿;催促 712.prevail vi.胜,优胜;流行 713.previous a.先的;前的 ad.在前 714.primarily ad.首先;主要地 715.primary a.最初的;基本的 716.prime a.首要的 n.春,青春 717.primitive a.原始的;粗糙的 718.principal a.主要的 n.负责人 719.principle n.原则,原理;主义 720.prior a.在先的;优先的 721.private a.私人的;私下的 722.privilege n.特权,优惠

723.procedure n.程序;手续;过程 724.proceed vi.进行;继续进行 725.proce n.过程;工序 vt.加工 726.proceion n.队伍,行列 727.profeion n.职业

728.prohibit vt.禁止,阻止 729.prominent a.实起的;突出的 730.promote vt.促进,发扬;提升 731.prompt a.及时的 vt.敦促 732.proof n.证据;证明;校样 733.property n.财产,资产;性质 734.proportion n.比,比率,部分 735.proportional a.比例的;相称的 736.proposal n.提议,建议;求婚

737.propose vt.提议 vi.求婚 738.prospect n.展望;前景,前程 739.prosperity n.繁荣;昌盛,兴旺 740.prosperous a.繁荣的,昌盛的 741.protective a.保护的,防护的 742.protest vt.&vi.&n.抗议

743.provided conj.以…为条件 744.provision n.供应;预备;存粮 745.psychological a.心理的,心理学的 746.punch vt.冲出 n.冲压机

747.punctual a.严守时刻的;准时的 748.purchase n.买,购买 vt.买 749.purse n.钱包,小钱袋,手袋 750.puzzle n.难题;谜 vi.使迷惑

751.qualify vt.使具有资格 752.quantity n.量,数量,分量 753.queue n.行列 vi.排队等候 754.quit vt.离开,退出;停止 755.quiz n.小型考试,测验

756.quotation n.引用;引文;报价单

757.quote vt.引用,引证;报价

758.racial a.种族的,人种的 759.rack vt.使苦痛,折磨

760.radiation n.放射,发射;辐射能 761.rage n.(一阵)狂怒,盛怒 762.raid n.袭击;突然搜查

763.range n.排,行;山脉;范围 764.rank n.排,横行;社会阶层 765.rare a.稀薄的;稀有的 766.rarely ad.很少,难得 767.ratio n.比,比率

768.rational a.理性的;出于理性的 769.raw a.未煮过的;未加工的 770.react vi.起反应;有影响

771.readily ad.乐意地;无困难地 772.realm n.王国,国土;领域 773.rear n.后部,后面;背面

774.reasonable a.合情合理的;公道的 775.rebel vi.造反 n.造反者 776.recall vt.回想;叫回;收回 777.receipt n.收到;收条,收据 778.reception a.接待;招待会;接受 779.recognition n.认出,识别;承认 780.recognize vt.认识,认出;承认

781.recommendation n.推荐,介绍;劝告782.recovery n.重获;痊愈,恢复 783.reduction n.减少,减小,缩减 784.refer vt.使求助于 vi.谈到 785.reference n.参考;出处;提及 786.refine vt.&vi.精炼,提纯

787.reflect vt.反射;反映;思考 788.reflection n.反射;映象;反映 789.refresh vt.使清新vi.恢复精神 790.refusal n.拒绝

791.regardle ad.不顾一切地 792.regulate vt.管理,控制;调整 793.regulation n.规则,规章;管理 794.reinforce vt.增援,支援;加强 795.reject vt.拒绝;丢掉;驳回 796.relate vt.叙述;使联系 797.relationship n.关系,联系 798.relativity n.相关性;相对性 799.release vt.释放;放松;发表 800.relevant a.有关的,贴切的 801.reliable a.可靠的,可信赖的 802.relief n.减轻;救济;援救 803.relieve vt.减轻,解除;救济 804.reluctant a.不愿的,勉强的 805.rely vi.依赖,依靠;信赖 806.remark vt.&vi.&n.评论,谈论 807.remedy n.&vt.治疗;补救 808.remote a.相隔很远的;冷淡的 809.removal n.移动;迁移;除掉 810.remove vt.移动,搬开;脱掉 811.render vt.表示,给予;使得 812.renew vt.使更新 vi.更新 813.repeatedly ad.重复地;一再 814.repetition n.重复,反复 815.replace vt.把…放回;取代

816.representative a.代表性的 n.代表817.republican a.共和国的

818.reputation n.名誉,名声;好名声 819.requirement n.需要;要求 820.rescue vt.&n.援救,营救 821.resemble vt.像,类似

822.residence n.居住;驻扎;住处 823.resign vt.放弃 vi.辞职

824.resistance n.抵抗;抵制;抵抗力 825.resolve vt.解决;决心 n.决心 826.resort vi.&n.求助,凭借

827.resource n.资源,物力;办法 828.respectful a.恭敬的,尊重的 829.respective 各自的,各个的 830.respectively ad.各自地,分别地

831.response n.作答,回答;响应 832.responsible a.有责任的;尽责的 833.restore vt.恢复;归还;修补 834.restrain vt.抑制,遏制;限制 835.restraint n.抑制;遏制;克制 836.restrict vt限制,限定,约束 837.resume vt.恢复;重新开始 838.retain vt.保持,保留,保有 839.reverse vt.颠倒,翻转 n.背面 840.revise vt.修订,校订;修改 841.revolt vi.&n.反抗,造反 842.reward n.报答;报酬 vt.报答 843.rhythm n.韵律,格律;节奏 844.ridiculous a.荒谬的,可笑的 845.rigid a.刚硬的;僵硬的 846.rise vi.起立;升起;上涨 847.risk n.风险,危险,冒险 848.rival n.竞争者 a.竞争的 849.roar vi.吼叫;呼喊 n.吼 850.roast vt.&vi.烤,炙,烘 851.romantic a.浪漫的;传奇的 852.rope n.绳,索

853.rotate vi.旋转 vt.使旋转 854.rotation n.旋转,转动;循环 855.rough a.表面不平的;粗略的 856.rouse vt.唤醒,唤起;惊起 857.routine n.例行公事 a.日常的 858.ruin n.毁灭;废墟 vt.毁坏 859.rural a.农村的,田园的 860.sacrifice n.&vt.牺牲;南祭 861.sake n.缘故,理由

862.sample n.样品;实例,标本 863.satisfactory a.令人满意的,良好的 864.scale n.标度;比例;大小

865.scan vt.细看;浏览;扫描 866.scarce a.缺乏的;希有的 867.scatter vt.使消散;撒;散播 868.schedule n.时间表;计划表 869.scheme n.计划,规划;诡计 870.scholarship n.学业成绩;奖学金 871.scope n.范围;余地,机会 872.scrape vt.&vi.&n.刮,擦 873.scratch vt.&vi.&n.搔;抓 874.screw n.螺旋,螺丝 vt.拧紧

875.seal n.海豹

876.secondary a.第二的;次要的 877.secure a.安心的;安全的 878.security n.安全,安全感 879.seek vt.寻找,探索;试图 880.senate n.参议院,上院

881.senior a.年少的;地位较高的 882.sensible a.感觉得到的;明智的 883.sensitive a.敏感的;灵敏的 884.separation n.分离,分开;分居 885.sequence n.连续,继续;次序 886.series n.连续,系列;丛书 887.seion n.会议,一段时间 888.setting n.安装,调整;环境 889.settlement n.解决;殖民,殖民地 890.shed vt.流出;散发;脱落 891.shed n.棚,小屋;贷棚 892.sheet n.被单;纸张;薄板

893.shelter n.隐蔽处;掩蔽,庇护

894.shield n.盾;防护物 vt.保护 895.shift vt.替换,转移 n.转换 896.shortage n.不足,缺少,不足额 897.shortly ad.立刻;简短地 898.shrink vi.收缩;缩小;退缩 899.sideways ad.斜着,斜向一边地 900.sigh n.&vi.叹气,叹息 901.signal n.信号 vi.发信号 902.signature n.署名,签字,签名 903.significant n.有意义的;重要的 904.similarly ad.类似地,相似地 905.simplicity n.简单,简易;朴素 906.simplify vt.简化,使单纯 907.site n.地点,地基;场所

908.situation n.位置;处境;形势 909.sketch n.略图;速写;概略 910.skim vt.掠过,擦过;略读 911.slam vt.使劲关,砰地放下 912.slender a.细长的;微薄的 913.slide vi.滑 vt.使滑动 n.滑 914.slight a.细长的;轻微的 915.slip vi.滑跤;滑落;溜 916.slippery a.滑的,使人滑跤的 917.soak vt.浸,泡 vi.浸泡 918.solar a.太阳的,日光的

919.sole a.单独的,唯一的 920.solemn a.庄严的;隆重的 921.solid a.固体的 n.固体

922.solution n.解决,解答;溶解

923.somehow ad.由于某种原因 924.somewhat pron.一点儿 ad.有点 925.sophisticated a.老于世故的;高级的 926.sore a.痛的;恼火的 n.疮 927.sour a.酸的;脾气坏的 928.source n.河的源头;根源 929.spacecraft n.航天器,宇宙飞船 930.span n.跨距;一段时间 931.specialize vi.成为…专家;专攻 932.specific a.特有的;具体的 933.specify vi.指定,详细说明 934.specimen n.样本,标本,样品 935.spiritual a.精神的,心灵的 936.split vt.劈开 vi.被劈开 937.spoil vt.损坏,糟蹋;宠坏 938.sponsor n.发起者 vt.发起 939.spot n.点,斑点;地点 940.spray n.浪花;喷雾 vt.喷 941.spur n.刺激物 vt.刺激

942.squeeze vt.&vi.榨,挤;压榨 943.stability n.稳定,稳定性,巩固 944.stable a.稳定的,不变的 945.stack n.堆,垛 vt.堆积 946.staff n.工作人员;参谋 947.stain vt.沾污;给…着色 948.stain vt.沾污;给…着色 949.stake n.桩;赌金;奖品 950.stale n.陈腐的;走了气的 951.standpoint n.立场,观点 952.starve vi.饿死 vt.使饿死 953.static a.静的;静态的 954.status n.地位,身分 955.steep a.险峻的,陡峭的 956.steer vt.&vi.驾驶

957.sticky a.粘性的;胶粘的 958.stiff a.硬的;僵直的 959.still a.静止的 n.寂静 960.stimulate vt.刺激,激励,激发 961.sting vt.刺;刺痛 vi.&n.刺 962.stir vt.动;拨动;激动 963.stock n.原料;库存品;股本 964.stoop vi.俯身;弯身 n.弯腰 965.storage n.贮藏;贮藏量 966.strain vt.拉紧 vi.尽力 967.strap n.带子 vt.捆扎 968.strengthen vt.加强,巩固

969.stretch vt.伸展 vi.伸 n.伸展 970.string n.线,细绳;一串 971.strip vt.剥;夺去 n.条带 972.stripe n.条纹,条子 973.stroke vt.&n.抚,摩,捋 974.stuff n.材料 vt.装,填,塞 975.subject n.题目;学科;主语 976.submerge vt.浸没 vi.潜入水中 977.submit vt.使服从 vi.服从 978.subsequent a.随后的,后来的 979.substantial a.物质的;坚固的 980.substitute n.代替人 vt.用…代替 981.subtract vt.减,减去,去掉 982.succeion n.连续;继任,继承 983.succeive a.连续的;接连的 984.suck vt.吸,吮,啜;吸收 985.sufficient a.足够的,充分的 986.suitable a.合适的;适宜的

987.summarize vt.概括,概述,总结 988.superficial a.表面的;肤浅的 989.superior a.较高的;优越的 990.supplement n.&vt.增补,补充 991.supreme a.最高的;最大的 992.surgery n.外科,外科手术 993.surrender vt.交出 vi.投降 994.survey vt.俯瞰;检查;测量 995.survive vt.幸免于 vi.活下来 996.suspect vt.怀疑 vi.疑心 997.suspend vt.吊,悬;推迟

998.suspicion n.怀疑,疑心,猜疑 999.sustain vt.支撑;供养;忍受 1000.sway vi.摇动 vt.摇;摇动 1001.swell vi.膨胀;隆起;增长 1002.swing vi.摇摆;回转 n.摇摆 1003.switch n.开关;转换 vt.转换 1004.sympathetic a.同情的;和谐的 1005.sympathize vi.同情;同感,共鸣1006.sympathy n.同情;一致,同感

1007.synthetic a.综合的;合成的 1008.systematic(al) a.有系统的;有计划的

1009.tag n.附加语;标签

1010.tailor n.裁缝 vt.裁制衣服 1011.talent n.天才;才能;人才 1012.target n.靶,标的;目标 1013.technician n.技术员,技师 1014.tedious a.冗长乏味的,沉闷的 1015.temper n.韧度;心情,情绪 1016.temporary a.暂时的,临时的 1017.temptation n.诱惑,引诱 1018.tend vt.照管,照料,护理 1019.tend vi.走向,趋向;倾向 1020.tendency n.趋向,趋势,倾向 1021.tender a.嫩的;脆弱的 1022.terminal a.末端的 n.末端 1023.territory n.领土,版图;领域 1024.thereby ad.因此,从而,由此 1025.thirst n.渴,口渴;渴望 1026.thorough a.彻底的;详尽的 1027.thoughtful a.沉思的;体贴的 1028.threat n.威胁,恐吓,凶兆 1029.threaten vt.&vi.威胁,恐吓 1030.thrive vi.兴旺,繁荣,旺盛 1031.thrust vt.插,刺 n.插;讽刺 1032.thumb n.(大)拇指

1033.timber n.木材,木料

1034.tiue n.薄绢;薄纸;组织 1035.title n.标题,题目;称号 1036.tolerance n.忍受,容忍;公差 1037.torture n.拷问;折磨 vt.拷打 1038.tough a.坚韧的;健壮的 1039.trace n.痕迹;丝毫 vt.跟踪 1040.tradition n.传统,惯例

1041.tragedy n.悲剧;惨事,惨案 1042.trail n.痕迹;小径 vt.跟踪 1043.transfer vt.转移;调动vi.转移 1044.transform vt.改变;改造;变换 1045.transmiion n.传送;传动;发射 1046.transmit vt.传送,传达;发射 1047.transparent a.透明的;易识破的 1048.transport vt.运输 n.运输

1049.

transportation n.运输,运送,客

运 1050.trap n.陷阱;诡计 vt.诱骗 1051.treasure n.财富;珍宝 vt.珍视 1052.treatment n.待遇;治疗,疗法 1053.treaty n.条约;协议,协定 1054.tremendous a.极大的,非常的 1055.trend vi.伸向;倾向 n.倾向 1056.trial n.试,试验;审判

1057.triumph n.凯旋;胜利 vi.成功 1058.tropical a.热带的

1059.troublesome a.令人烦恼的;麻烦的 1060.tutor n.家庭教师;导师 1061.twin a.孪生的 n.孪生儿 1062.twist vt.捻;拧 vi.&n.扭弯 1063.typical a.典型的,代表性的 1064.typist n.打字员

1065.ultimate a.最后的,最终的 1066.uncover vt.揭开…的盖子 1067.undergo vt.经历,经受,忍受 1068.underneath ad.在下面,在底下 1069.undertake vt.从事;承担;保证 1070.undo vt.解开,打开;取消 1071.undoubtedly ad.无容置疑,肯定地1072.uneasy a.心神不安的,忧虑的 1073.unexpected a.想不到的,意外的 1074.uniform a.一样的 n.制服 1075.unique a.唯一的,独一无二的 1076.unity n.单一;统一;团结

1077.universal a.宇宙的;普遍的 1078.unlike a.不同的 prep.不象… 1079.unload vt.卸(货) vi.卸货 1080.upset vt.弄翻,打翻,倾覆 1081.urge vt.推进;催促 n.冲动 1082.urgent a.紧急的;强求的 1083.usage n.使用,对待;惯用法 1084.utility n.效用,有用,实用 1085.utilize vt.利用

1086.utmost a.最远的 n.极限 1087.utter a.完全的,彻底的 1088.utter vt.发出,说,讲

1089.vacant a.空的;未被占用的 1090.vacuum n.真空;真空吸尘器 1091.vague a.模糊的,含糊的 1092.vain a.徒劳的;自负的 1093.valid a.有效的;正当的 1094.vanish vi.突然不见,消失 1095.variable a.易变的 n.变量 1096.variation n.变化,变动;变异 1097.variety n.多样化;种类;变种 1098.vary vt.改变;使多样化 1099.vehicle n.车辆,机动车 1100.venture n.&vi.冒险 vt.敢于 1101.verify vt.证实,查证;证明 1102.version n.译文;说法;改写本 1103.vertical a.垂直的,竖式的 1104.veel n.容器;船,飞船;管 1105.veteran n.老兵,老手 1106.via prep.经过;通过

1107.vibrate vt.使颤动 vi.颤动 1108.vice n.罪恶;恶习;缺点

1109.vice n.(老)虎钳

1110.victim n.牺牲者,受害者 1111.view n.看;视力;风景

1112.viewpoint n.观点,看法,见解 1113.vigorous a.朝气蓬勃的 1114.vinegar n.醋

1115.violence n.猛烈,激烈;暴力 1116.violent a.猛烈的;狂暴的 1117.violet n.紫罗兰

1118.virtually ad.实际上,事实上 1119.virtue n.善;美德;优点 1120.visible a.可见的,看得见的 1121.vision n.视;想象力;梦幻 1122.visual a.看的;看得见的 1123.vitamin n.维生素,维他命 1124.vivid a.鲜艳的;生动的 1125.voluntary a.自愿的,志愿的 1126.vote n.选举,投票,表决 1127.waken vi.醒来 vt.弄醒 1128.waterproof a.不透水的,防水的 1129.weaken vt.削弱 vi.变弱

1130.weakne n.虚弱,软弱;弱点 1131.wealthy a.富的,富裕的 1132.weld vt.&n.焊接,熔接 1133.welfare n.幸福,福利 1134.whistle n.口哨 vi.吹口哨 1135.

wicked a.坏的;令人厌恶的

1136.1137.1138.1139.1140.1141.1142.1143.1144.1145.1146.1147.1148.widen vt.加宽 vi.变宽 wit n.智力,才智,智能

withdraw vt.收回;撤回vi.撤退 withstand vt.抵挡,反抗

witne n.证据;证人 vt.目击 worship n.礼拜;崇拜 vt.崇拜 worthle a.无价值的,无用的 worthwhile a.值得花时间的 worthy a.有价值的;值得的

wreck n.失事;残骸 vt.破坏 yawn vi.打呵欠 n.呵欠 yield vt.&vi.出产 n.产量 zone n.地区,区域,范围

推荐第3篇:example copy 大学英语四级 核心词汇

Name:张翰林

Day35

1.mature: adj.sensible; 熟的,成熟的;成年人的v.fully grown; (使)成熟,(使)长

Attention: Maturer is occasionally used instead of more mature

有时不用 more mature,而用maturer

E.g.Jane is very mature for her age.

简年龄不大,却很成熟。

2.medium: adj.average; noun.media; 中等的,适中的noun.tools used for particular purpose;.the material or the form that an artist uses;中间(物);媒介(物);手段,工具

Pattern: noun.medium of 用…的方法;…的媒介

E.g.a man of medium hight/bulid

中等身材的人

Video is a good medium for learning a foreign language.

录像是一种学习外语的好方法。

3.membership: noun.the state of being a member of a group, a club ,an organization, etc; the member s,or the number of members of a group , a club ,an organization, etc; noun.会员身份(或资格、地位),会籍;全体会员,会员数

E.g.a membership card/fee

会员卡;会费

The club has a member ship of more than 500.

俱乐部的会员人数超过了500名。

4.memorial: noun.[C]a statue, stone etc.built in order to remind people of an important past event; [sing.] a thing that will continue to remind people of sb/sth; 纪念碑,纪念堂,纪念仪式adj.[only before noun]created or done in order to remember sb who has died; 纪念的,悼念的

Pattern: noun.memorial to sb/sth 纪念…

E.g.a war memorial

阵亡将士纪念碑

The memorial service will be held at a local church.

悼念仪式将在当地的一所教堂举行。

5.memory: noun.ability to remember; [U]the period of time that sb is able to remember events; sth you remember;记忆(力);会议;纪念;存储(器) Pattern: noun.memory for sth 对…的记忆

E.g.in/within my memory

在我的记忆力

I have vivid memories of my grandparents.

我依然清楚地记得我的祖父母。

6.mill: noun.a building fitted with machinery for GRINDING grain into flour;(often in compounds 常构成复合词) a factory that produces a particular type of material; 碾磨机,磨坊;制造厂,工厂 vt.[VN][often paive]to crush or GRIND sth in a mill;磨,碾

Pattern: vt.mill around 闲逛;转悠

E.g.a cotton/cloth/steel/paper mill

纱/纺织/钢/造纸厂

Fans were milling around outside the hotel.

追星族在酒店外徘徊。

7.miracle: noun.[sing.](informal) a lucky thing that happens that you did not expect or think was poible; 奇迹,令人惊奇的人(或事)

Pattern: noun.miracle of sth 极好的例子;精品

E.g.a miracle cure/drug

有神奇的疗法;灵丹妙药

It’s a miracle (that) nobody was killed in the crash.

撞车事故中竟然没有一人丧生,这真是奇迹。

8.miserable: adj.very unhappy or uncomfortable 痛苦的;非常难受的;可怜的 E.g.a miserable failure

可悲的失败

What a miserable day (= cold and wet)!

多么难受的一天呀!

9.mislead: vt.to give sb the wrong idea or impreion and make them believe sth that is not true; 把...带错路;使误入歧途;使误解;给…错误印象

Pattern: vt.mislead sb about sth丨mislead sb into doing sth误导…;将…引入歧途;使…误信

E.g.He deliberately misled us about the nature of their relationship.

关于他们究竟是什么关系,他故意给我们留下了错误印象。

10.miion: noun.official job/group; a group of people doing such a job; teaching Christianity;使命,任务,天职;代表团,使团

E.g.a trade miion to China

赴华贸易使命

Her miion in life was to work with the homele.

她以帮助无家可归者为己任。

11.modesty: noun.the fact of not talking much about your abilities or poeions;谦虚,虚心

E.g.I hate false (=pretended) modesty.

我讨厌虚伪的谦逊。

12.moist: adj.slightly wet; 微湿的;湿润的

E.g.a rich moist cake

松软味浓的蛋糕

Her eyes were moist (=with tears).

她眼含泪水。

13.motion: noun.[U, sing.] the act or proce of moving or the way sth moves;[C]a particular movement made usually with your hand or your head, especially to communicate sth; 运动,动作;手势,眼色;提议 v.to make a movement, usually with your hand or head to show sb what you want them to do; (向…)打手势,示意

Pattern: motion to sb (to do sth) 丨motion (for) sb to do sth (以头或手)做动作, 示意

E.g.set/put sth in motion

让…动起来

He motioned for us to follow him.

他示意我们跟他走。

14.motive: noun.a reason for doing sth; 动机,动因,目的 adj.[only before noun](technical 术语) causing movement or action; 发动的;导致运动的 Pattern:motive for sth …的动机;…的原因;…的目的

E.g.motive power/force

原动力

I’m suspicious of his motives.

我怀疑他的动机。

15.mount: noun.(abbr.Mt) a mountain or a hill;山;山峰 vt.organize; increase; go up to sth; 登上;安装;组织 vi.To increase gradually in size and quantity; 增加,增长

Pattern: vt.mount sth (on/onto/in sth) 镶嵌…;安置…

E.g.to mount a protest/campaign/an exhibition

发起抗议/运动;举办展览

Meanwhile, my debts were mounting up/

同时,我的债务在不断增加。

16.mutual: adj.used to describe feelings that two or more people have for each other equally, or actions that affect two or more people equally; [only before noun]shared by two or more people; 相互的,彼此的;共同的,共有的

E.g.mutual respect/understanding

相互的尊敬/理解

mutual support/aid

相互的支持/帮助

We met at the home of a mutual friend/

我们在彼此都认识的朋友家中会面。

17.myth: noun.a story from ancient times, especially one that was told to explain natural events or to describe the early history of a people; something that many people believe but that does not exist or is false; 神话;杜撰出来的人(或事物) E.g.ancient Greek myths

古希腊神话

Contrary to popular myth, women are not worse drivers than men.

都说女人开车比男人差,其实不然。

18.namely: adv.used to introduce more exact and detailed information about sth that you have just mentioned;即,也就是

E.g.We need to concentrate on our target audience, namely woman aged between 20 and 30.

我们须针对我们的听众对象,即年龄在20到30岁之间的妇女。

19.natural: adj.in nature; normal; [only before noun]based on human reason alon;自然的,正常的;出于本性的,天赋的;自然界的,天然的

Pattern: natural for sth 有…天赋的人;擅长做某事的人

E.g.natural justice/law

自然公道/规律

He’s a natural leader.

他天生是个领袖。

20.neceity: noun.[U]the fact that sth must happen or be done; the need for sth; [C]a thing that you must have and cannot manage without;必要(性),(迫切)需要;必需品

Pattern: noun.neceity (for sth)丨neceity(for sth/ of doing sth)丨neceity(to do sth) 必然的…;必要的…;需要…

E.g.basic neceities

基本必需品

(saying) neceity is the mother of invention

需要是发明之母

21.nerve: noun.[C]any of the long threads that carry meages between the brain and parts of the body, enabling you to move, feel pain, ect.[U] the courage to do sth difficult or dangerous; 神经;勇气,胆量;敏感处vt.to give yourself the courage or strength to do sth; 鼓足勇气;振作精神

Pattern: vt.nerve yourself for sth/to do sth 鼓足勇气;振作精神

E.g.get on sb’s nerves

烦扰;使心神不定

He’s got a nerve asking us for money!

他还觍着脸跟我们借钱!

22.nonsense:

其他要求:

1.请按照模板格式键入word文档;

2.

3.请务必确保词条的准确性, 词汇手册将用于下学期四级备考;

4.请勿使用电子翻译工具如:有道;

5.请务必按时,保证质量上交作业,此作业占期末成绩的10%, 即10分;

6.谨记:我为人人,人人为我。

References:from “Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary 7th edition”

推荐第4篇:四级词汇18

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.37.38.39.40.implication n.含意,暗示,卷入,牵连 implicit in 含蓄的,无疑问的Her attitude was implicit in the answer she gave us.import n.&v.进口,输入 impose sth on/upon one’s mind =impre sb with在某方面好转或者改善用improvement in ;两件事做比较后一件事比前一件事好,用improvement onon impluse 一时冲动 inadequate for/to 不充分的,无法胜任的His income is inadequate to pay for it incidence 发生率 be inclined to do 倾向于……He is inclined to go hoome by trainincredible 不可信的,极好的 CPI consumer Price index 消费者物价指数 be indifferent to 对…..漠不关心 indirect 不直截了当的,间接的 indispensable to/for 必需的Air and water are indispensable to lifeindividual teaching 个性化教学 industrial 工业的industrious 勤勉的the Industrial and commercial Bank 工商银行 infect 传染,感情上受影响infect ……withBe careful not to be infected with flu.inferior to 下等的,下级的;差的,次的n.下级,下属 infinite 无限的,无穷的 Genius is an infinite capacity for taking pains.inflation 通货膨胀have an influence on/upon sth 影响 influential 有影响的,有权势的He is doing a quite influential jobinform sb of sth (inform sb sth ) 把某事告知某人 inherent 固有的,内在的inherent in sth 本身的,固有的 inherit sth from sb 从某人那里寄存某物She inherits her blue eyes from her fatherdown payment /initial payment 预付定金/首付款 initiative 主动能力;主动权 be innocent of 没有….罪;be guilty of 有….罪 inquire/enquire sth of sbinquire of sb about sthinquiry into ……对….的调查 insane 精神失常的 insist on one’s doing 坚决要求某人做insist on doing 坚持做 inspiration 鼓舞人心的人;灵感 inspire sb with sthinspire sth into sb激起/鼓舞某人He inspires us with courageinstal 安装,设置;使就职,任命 installation 安装,设置;就任,就职installation and trial run 安装就职 for instance 例如 in/on the instant 立即 institute v.设立 n.学会,学院,研究所The rule was instituted about 50 years agoinstitution 机构,团体;制度,惯例Institutions of higher learning include the universities,institutes ,colleges,ect.

推荐第5篇:英语四级词汇

1406版 必考 四六级听力高频场景词语汇总

Campus life 校园生活(短对话及长对话重点)

1、作业类:aignmentterm papereays(小论文,曾经的听写答案)thesis(毕业论文)composition 作文

textbook教科书/reference book参考书 / aigned books 指定书目

搭配作业的一些常见表达:

be through with sth结束,完成(四级四次考到)

due 到期(最新考点2013年06月)Y

ou\'ve known from month the report is duetoday.

have sb\'s hands full with sth忙于做某事(两次考到)

narrow down thetopic细化题目 (两次考到)

2、课程类:

seminar(研讨会)

原句: Do you havethe seminar schedule with you?(你有研讨会的日程表么?)optionalcourse/elective (选修课)

evening/day course (晚间/白天课程 09-12词汇)

compulsorycourse/requirement (必修课)

presentation (多次考到,展示或演示课)

搭配词汇:

hardly/ barely stay awake (无法保持清醒。四级三次考到,最新10-6考点) tutoring service 一对一辅导课程

最新课程名称

advancedphysics (高级物理)dataproceing (数据处理)

computerprogramming (计算机编程,两次考到)

Biology 生物Statistics统计学课程

Psychological counseling 心理咨询

3、师生名称

freshman(大一)sophomore(大二)junior(大三)

senior(大四)(四六级多次考点)

graduate(毕业生)undergraduate (在校生,本科生)

postgraduate (多次考到,研究生) Doctoral Degree (博士学位)

tutor(导师)supervisor (六级,论文导师)

graduate school(研究生院)

Job hunting求职(长对话重点)

按找工作流程排列,以下词语反复被四六级听力考到:

recruit (连续考到。招聘)resume(简历,注意发音,多次考到)

short list候选人名单job vacancy 职位空缺

job applicantcandidate 候选人(多次考到)

apply forapplication(2008/09/10四级考点)

Position/post (多次考到。职位)reputation(多次考到)

resign(辞职,多次考到)

lay off/be laid off (解雇,09-12四级考点;13年12月六级考点)

recommendation 推荐letter of recommendation/reference (六级考点,推荐信) I\'d like afull-time position with more responsibility (2013-06)benefits(package) (福利,福利计划,两次考到)

paid vacation(带薪假期)

social security(社会保险)phased retirement (08-12 阶段性退休)最常见行业:

finance /trade / accountancy / administration / consultancy/ sales

例句重现:四级

2009-6

I heard aboutyour promotion, you must be thrilled.(我听说你升职了,你开心死了吧) Not really, thenew office is huge, but the work load has doubled.

(也不见得,新办公室挺大的,但是工作量也翻倍了)

2010-06

It enables himto apply theory to practice能够让他把理论应用于实际

Getting alongwell with colleagues与同事和睦相处

2010-12

Send in awritten application as soon as poible 尽快发来书面申请

2011-6

what does theman say contribute the succe of the busine?

(男士说是什么造就了他商业的成功)

2011-12

What positionin the company appeals to you most? 职位最吸引你的是什么? 2012-12he is tied up in meetings.他忙于开会

2013-12 so you know Sam had turned down the job offer?

例句重现:六级

2012-12 The head technician in the lad tried to persuade the hospital

administration to replace it.

2013-06There is a penalty clause.(罚金条款)

2013-12Apparently the bus company will be laying off its employees if they can’t reach an agreement.

新内容:减肥与健康(自09年起至10年12月多次出现)

gym 健身房terrific figure魔鬼身材

vegetarian (六级:素食主义者)

overweight=outof shape 胖(多次考点)

dieting节食lose weight减肥slim苗条

have a largerwaist 腰有些肥(可以指人也可以指服装)

physical training 身体锻炼

weight-lifting 举重

推荐第6篇:12月6月四级真题翻译核心词汇

2015年12月-2018年6月四级翻译核心词汇 2018年6月第1套 公交车

主要交通工具 the main means of transportation 由于 because of; due to; as a result of; thanks to 数量不断增多 the growing/ increasing number of; increase in the number of 越来越严重 more and more serious; increasingly severe; get worse 努力做...try/strive to do; make efforts to do; work hard to do 服务质量 quality of service 设施

facility 更新 update; renew 显著 significantly; remarkably 票价 fare 免费乘坐 take...for free; take ...free of charge; 老年市民 elderly/senior citizens 2018年6月第1套 飞机 乘飞机出行 travel by plane/air 难以想象的 unimaginable; hard to imagine 经济的发展 economic development; the development of economy 生活水平living standard 外出务工人员 migrant worker 大城市 large /major city; metropolis 筹建 plan to build; make preparation to build 航空服务 air/ aviation service 廉价机票 cheap airline ticket’ special airfare 2018年6月第1套 地铁

有助于 be conducive to; help do; contribute to 减少交通拥挤 reduce/relieve/ease traffic jam/congestion 快捷 high-speed; speedy; rapid 优点 advantage; virtue; merit; strength 越来越多的a growing number of/ an increasing number of 主要交通工具 the main/ major means of transportation 方便的 convenient

免费乘坐 take...for free; take ...free of charge; 老年市民 elderly/senior citizens 2017年12月第1套 华山 位于 be located in/ be situated in 秦岭 the Qinling Mountains 分割 divide separate

陕南陕北 southern and northern shaanxi 华南华北South and North China 朝拜 worship 药草 herb

特别 in particular; especially 稀有 rare 长寿 longevity 缆车 cable car 安装 install 2017年12月第2套 黄山 安徽Anhui 黄山 Mount Huang 风景 landscape, scenery 日出 sunrise 云海 sea of clouds 欣赏 enjoy; appreciate 宏伟壮丽magnificence 有利于 be beneficial to 美景 beautiful scenery 湿润的气候 humid climate 产茶地 tea-producing area/region 茶树 tea tree 温泉 hot spring 防治 prevention and treatment 皮肤病 skin disease 旅游目的地 tourist/travel destination 摄影 photography 传统国画 traditional Chinese painting 主题 theme/ topic/subject 2017年12月第3套 泰山 位于 be located in/ be situated in 海拔 sea level 方圆 cover an area of; with a coverage of 雄伟壮观

magnificent majestic 历史文化名山 a mountain of historic and cultural significance 朝拜 worship 帝王 emperor 获取 acquire gain 灵感 inspiration 写诗 compose/write poems; 文物古迹 cultural relics 旅游景点 tourist sites/ attractions 2017年6月第1套 长江: The Yangtze River 流经:flow through; run through 生态系统:ecosystem 濒危物种:endangered species 栖息地:habitant; home 灌溉:irrigate; irrigation 人口:population 产出:generate; yield; contribute to 多达:up to; as much as

国民生产总值:GDP(gro domestic product) 坐落:locate; lie; sit on; stand 水电站:hydro-electric power station 2017年6月第2套

珠江:The Pearl River; The Zhujiang River 河系:river system 流经:flow through 发达:developed 面积:area 城市聚集区:urban area 共:in total; combined 改革开放:the reform and opening-up 经济区域:economic region 制造中心:manufacturing center 2017年6月第3套 黄河:The Yellow River 描述:describe; depict 发源于:originate in 流经:flow through 注入: empty into; flow into 赖以生存的:be very eential for one’s very existence 古代文明: ancient civilization 诞生地:birthplace 最繁荣的:the most prosperous 极具破坏力的:devastating 频繁:frequent 灾害:disaster; catastrophe 防止:prevent...from; keep...from 2016年12月第1套

黄颜色:the color yellow;the color of yello 独特的:distinctive;unique 象征意义:symbolic meaning 象征(v):symbolize; standfor; represent;(n.) symbol;sign 权利:power 权威:authority 专为......使用:be exclusively used by...皇帝:emperor 皇袍:dragon robe; imperial robe 普通老百姓:ordinaty people;civilian 被禁止做......:be banned from...; be forbidden to...收获:harvest 兴高采烈:cheerfully; happily; excitedly 2016年12月第2套 通常:generally; usually 长寿:longevity 春节:the Spring Festival 喜庆场合:festive occasion 现金:cash 亲密朋友:close friend; intimate friend 流行(a.):popula;(v.) popularize;(n.) popularity 中国革命:Chinese revolution 共产党:the Communist Party 与......想联系:aociate...with...; link...with...代表:represent; stand for 死者:the deceased; the dead 红墨水:red ink 冒犯行为:offensive behavior 2016年12月第3套

改革开放:China’s reform and opening up 婚礼:wedding ceremony 婚纱:wedding dre; wedding gown 纯洁: purity 象征(n.):symbol; sign(v.) symbolize ; stand for;represent 传统文化:traditional culture 葬礼:burial; funeral 康复(n.):recovery; (v.) recover 危重病人:terminally/seriously/severely ill patient; patient who’s critically/badly ill 同样:similarly; likewise 礼金:gift money; gift cash 2016年6月第1套 风筝:kite

标志:symbol;emblem 以......而闻名:be famous for;be known as 放飞风筝:fly kites 传说:according to legends;legend has it that...古代哲学家:ancient philosopher 坠落:fall; drop 摔坏:break 木匠:carpenter 据说:it is said that...;sth.is said to...;allegedly 落地:fall to the ground;land 2016年6月第2套 武术:martial arts 俗称:be commonly known as 起源:origin; birth 追溯到:trace...back to;date back to 自卫: self-defence 军事训练:military training;drill 演变成:evolve into;develop into 独特(的):distinct ;unique 国宝:national treasure 模仿:imitate;mimic 动作:motion;action;move 受到......的启发:be inspired by 哲学思想:philosophy 神话:myth 传说:legend 2016年6月第3套

水镇:warterside town;water town 京杭大运河:the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal 迷人的:fascinating; charming 水系:water system; river system 古文明:ancient civilization 住宅:residence;house 集市:fair;market 无数:countele;numerous 宽敞:spacious 庭院:courtyard 屋舍:house 水镇:water town 2015年12月第1套 古镇:ancient town 旅游胜地:tourist destination 自然风光:natural scenery 爱之城:the city of love

因爱而生,为爱而死:live-or-die-for-love 浪漫:romance 天堂:paradise

2015年12月第2套

汉语演讲比赛: Chinese speech contest 选手: candidate/ competitor 半决赛: the semifinal 决赛: the final

著名景点: famous tourist attractions 历史名胜: historical interests 2015年12月第3套

往往:tend to; usually; generally 关注:focus on; pay attention to; be concerned with 家务:housework; domestic chores 首要要求:primary requirement 名牌大学:prestigous universities 为......好:for the good of; to the benefit of

竞争激烈的社会:a highly competitive society;a society with fierce competion 保证:guarantee; ensure 取得大的成绩:achieve great accomplishments; make great achievements 牺牲:at the expense of; at the price of; sacrifice 愿意:be willing to 达到...程度:to an extent that ...学习成绩:academic performance

推荐第7篇:核心高频率词汇

核心高频率词汇.txt用快乐去奔跑,用心去倾听,用思维去发展,用努力去奋斗,用目标去衡量,用爱去生活。钱多钱少,常有就好!人老人少,健康就好!家贫家富,和睦就好。decline n.下降,减少,衰退

The arts of China have not declined in spit of the Western influence.;虽有西方影响,中国的艺 术并未因此而衰落.The price of mobile telephones has declined sharply.;手机的价格下降得非常 厉害.The United Kingdom is now no more than an empire that has declined.;大英帝国如今只是一个业 已衰落的帝国.

develop vi.生长,发育,形成; 发展,扩展

develop vt.发展,开发;制定, 研制,成长;逐步产生, 发挥

A good teacher is surely an instructor ; who can develop the capabilities of each student.;

一个好老师一定 是一个能激发每个学生 潜能的导师.

Juliet Wu\'s ambition is to develop a national corporation into a worldwide busine.;

;吴士宏的抱负 是要把一个国内企业扩 展成世界性的企业.

elaborate a.精心计划的,详尽的; 复杂的 vt.详述,详细制订 vi.详述

I just want the facts in brief;you don\'t need to elaborate.;我只想简单了解事实, 你不必作详细说明.

I don\'t want elaborate lace pattern on my dre,just make it simple.;我不想裙子上有复杂精美的花边图案,简简单单 就行.

excite vt.使兴奋,使激动; 引起,激起

Strong coffee excites your nerves.;浓咖啡刺激神经, 使人兴奋.

Emperor Qinshihuang\'s cruelty excited a rising of the people.;秦始皇的残暴引起了人民的反抗.

fatal a.致命的,灾难性的, 毁灭性的;重大的, 决定性的

The city of Tangshan has such a new look that it hardly reminds ; people of the fatal earthquake that eccured over 30 years ago.;

唐山市如今面貌一新, 几乎让人想不起 30多年前的毁灭性的 地震.

formal a.正规的,正式的, 合礼仪的;形式上的, 表面的

Busine letters are usually formal, ; but we write in a informal way to family members or friends.; 商业信件通常都是讲究格 式的, 但我们给家人或朋友写 信就比较随便了.gaze v./n.凝视,注视

In those boring letures,many students just sat gazing into the claroom window.;

在那些沉闷的课堂教学 中,许多学生知识呆呆地 望着窗外.

guard vt.守卫,捍卫 vi.(against)防止, 防范

guard n.警戒,警备;警卫员, 看守,卫兵

Be on your guard against pickpockets.;谨防扒手.

Tooth paste with fluorine can effectively guard against tooth decay.;含氟牙膏能有效防止蛀牙.

hostile a.敌对的,敌意的,不友 善的;敌方的

It was very strange how hostile she was to all the beautiful girls approaching her husband.;

;很奇怪, 她对所有接近丈夫的漂亮 女孩都心存敌意.

indentical a.相同的,同等的; 同一的

My opinion are not always identical with my parents\'s.;我的意见并不总是和父母 的意见相同.

All eggs look similar, but no two eggs are identical, Leonardo da Vinci\'s teacher once said to him.;

所有鸡蛋看上去相似, 但没有两只鸡蛋是完全 相同的 ;达芬奇的老师曾经告诉 他说.inferior n.下级,下属 a.劣等的,次的;下级的

No inferior products should be allowed to pa.;决不能让任何次品漏网.

In the past,women were regarded as inferior to men.;过去,人们认为女人不如男人.launch n.发射;(船)下水 (新产品)投产

launch vt.发射;发起(运动) 推出(产品);使开始 从事;使(船)下水

The first artifical satellite was launched by the former Soviet Union, which shocked the United States.;前苏联发射了第一颗人造卫星, 让美国人大惊失色.

mechanism n.机械装置;机制,机理; 办法,途径

The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.;骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成 机体.

The shell of my watch is transparent and the mechanisms inside can be seen.;我的手表外壳是透明的, 可以看见里面的机械 装置.

match n.比赛,竞赛;对手,敌手; 匹配,相配的人(或物); 火柴

match vt.和...相配, 和...相称, vi.相配,相适合

The prince and prince in the fairy tales ; are always perfectly matched(=were always a perfect match).童话中的王子与公主永远都是天造地设的一对.

The White Swan Hotel in Guangzhou can\'t be matched for friendline.

广州白天鹅宾馆良好的 服务态度是无与伦比的.

These shoes do not match;one is large and the other is small.;这双鞋不相配,一只大, 一只小.

negative a.否定的; 反面的,消极的; 负的,阴性的

negative n.负数;(照相机的) 负片,底片

He was suspicious of having taken dopes,but his urine test was negative.;

他被怀疑服用了兴奋剂, 但他的尿样检测却是呈阴 性的.

Two negative makes a positive.;负负得正.

obligation n.义务,责任

To pay taxes is an obligation of every citizen.;纳税是每一个公民的义务.

panic n.惊慌,恐慌,慌乱 v.(使)恐慌, (使)惊慌失措

The Asian Financial crisis caused panic selling of securities.;亚洲金融危机引起了债券 的恐慌抛售.

peer pi ;n.同龄人,同等地位的人; 贵族 vi.仔细看,费力地看

To leen peer(group) preure,many schools require their students to wear uniforms.

为减少来自同龄群体的压 力,许多学校要求学生们 穿校服.

He peered at the comp- uter screen,wondering what his programming mistake was.

他仔细地看着计算机的显 示屏,想知道他的程序出 了什么错.

pre n.报刊,报界,新闻界; 出版社,通讯社; 压,按,挤;印刷机

pre v.压,按,挤; 压榨,压迫

In the pre conference, the White House spokesman always avoids directly answering questions.; ;在新闻发布会上,白宫发言人总是避免直 接回答问题.

Time prees.Let\'s pre on with our work.;时间紧迫.我们加紧工作吧.

Just pre this button,and you\'ll start the engine.;只要按一下这个按钮便可 启动这台发动机了.

The problem of fuel prees for solution.;这个燃料的问题急待 解决.

rarely ad.不常,难得

Big Ben in London has rarely gone wrong.;在伦敦“大本钟”很少出 差错.Only rarely do I eat in restaurants.;我极少到饭馆吃饭.

scandal n.丑事,丑闻;流言蜚语; 反感,愤慨

The former president of the Philipines took tax money for his own use, it was such a scandal.

;菲律宾前总统贪污税款, 可谓一大丑闻.

thread n.线,细丝;线索,思路; 螺纹 vt.穿(针、线等)

You lose the thread of your argument.;你们的论点有失条理.You need a needle threader if you can\'t see clearly to thread a needle.

如果看不清楚无法穿线, 你需要一枚穿针器.

Leon

2bump vt.碰,撞;颠簸着前进 n.碰撞;隆起物

In the dim light I couldn\'t see clearly and bumped into a tree.;昏暗中我看不清,一头撞 在一棵树上.

circuit n.电路,线路; 环行,环行道

I run two circuits of the track every morning in order to pa the 800-meter running test.

我每天早晨沿跑道跑两圈以通过800米考试。

In Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, you will see CCTV is the abbreviation of \"Closed Circuit Television\".

你要是查阅《朗文当代英 语词典》;就会发现CCTV是“闭路 电视”的缩写.

complain vt.抱怨,诉苦; 投诉,控告

Those who are always complaining should turn their attentionto figuring out how to make it better.那些天成天牢骚满腹的 人,应该想想如何改变现状.

You are always complaining about something.;你总是满腹牢骚.

conventional a.普通的,习惯的, 常规的;符合习俗的, 因循守旧的

The Ruian Defense Minister maintained that his country should reduce expenditure on conventional weapons ; and spend more on strategic weapons.

俄罗斯的国防部长坚持认为俄应削减花在常规武器上 的开支,而更多地在战略武器上 投入.

Mother is so conventional in her views.;妈妈的观点太保守.

destruction n.毁灭,破坏,消灭

The hot ash and the lava from the volcano Etna brought total destruction to the village.

来自埃及特纳火山的滚烫 的火山灰和熔岩给那个小村庄带来彻底 的毁灭.

emergency n.紧急情况

Wahid threatened to proclaim a state of emergency if Congre decided to impeach him ;瓦希德威胁说如果国会弹劾他,他就宣布紧急状态.

The patient was asked to ring the bell in an emergency and the nurses on duty would come straight away.病人在有紧急情况时可以 按铃,然后当班的护士就会立即前来.fantasy n.想象,幻想; 想象的产物

Young people often live in a world of fantasy, and parents always tell them to face the reality.;年青人常生活在幻想的 世界里,而父母亲总会告诉他们 要面对现实.

Stop looking for a perfect job--it\'s just a fantasy.;别想找到十全十美的工 作了,那简直是幻想.

function n.功能,作用,职能; 重大聚会;函数

The function of a chairman at a meeting is to lead and control meetings.

在会上,主席的职责是引 导并控制会议.

An old machine won\'t function properly if you don\'t oil it regularly.

旧机器如果不经常加油是 不能正常运转的.

heave vt.举起,拉起;扔; (沉重地)发出(叹息、呻吟等)

heave ;vi.(用力)举起,提起 (有节奏的)起伏;呕吐 n.举起,升降

The naughty children have just heaved a stone through my window.

淘气的孩子们刚刚把一块石头扔进我的窗户.

identify vt.认出,鉴定; (~with)把...等同于 vi.(~with)认同

Do you identify beauty with wisdom? ;你认为美貌与智慧能相等 同吗?

The characters on the rubbings are so blurred that it is difficult to identify.;拓片上的文字模糊不清, 难以识别.

推荐第8篇:作文核心词汇

一、媒体类

1.paparazzi狗仔队

2.ma media 大众媒体 3.entertainment 娱乐 4.journalism新闻业 5.journal 期刊

6.the latest news 最新消息 7.exclusivenews 独家新闻 8.news agency新闻社 9.news blockout 新闻封锁 10.news censorship新闻审查 11.freedom of the pre 新闻自由 12.coverage 新闻报道

13.do reportageon … 报导… 14.hit the headlines 上头条 15.iue 出版、发行

16.newtand报摊

17.free-lancer writer 自由撰稿人 18.chief editor 总编 19.editorial 社论

20.newsworthy值得报道的

21.barometer晴雨表

22.the barometer of public opinion 舆论的晴雨表 23.live broadcast 直播

24.quiz show 智力竞争节目 25.game show 游戏节目 26.variety show 综合节目 27.talk show 脱口秀 28.sitcom情景喜剧 29.soap opera 肥皂剧 30.movie star 电影明星 31.movie king 影帝 32.movie queen 影后 33.affair绯闻 34.celebrity名人 35.fame 名声

36.rise to fame 声名鹊起

37.fan 粉丝

38.invade one’s privacy 侵扰了…的隐私 39.misleading误导性的 40.cheating 欺骗性的 41.popularity 知名度 42.scandal 丑闻

43.sensational轰动的 44.prevalent 普遍的、流行的 45.imperative重要的、必要的 46.audience ratings 收视率 47.propaganda宣传

48.be abducted by 受…诱导

49.purifyone’s soul 净化心灵

50.live in virtualwould 生活在一个虚拟世界中

51.be a great comfort to somebody 对…来说是一个巨大安慰 52.meet different tastes 满足不同口味

53.provide somebody with something 给…提供… 54.follow the fashion blindly盲目追逐时尚 55.commit crimes 犯罪

56.be inconceivableto somebody 对…来说是难以想象的 57.impreive 给人印象深刻的 58.right to know 知情权

59.in the disguiseof … 打着…的幌子

60.endanger social stability and safety 危害社会稳定和安全

二、工作类

1.ambitious 雄心壮志的、野心勃勃的 2.adaptability适应性

3.adapt oneself to … 使自己适应… 4.prosperity繁荣

5.be disadvantageous to … 对…不利 6.flow of personnel 人才流动

7.mechanismof personnel flow 人才流动机制 8.survival of the fittest 适者生存 9.a sense of accomplishment成就感

10.potentiality潜能

11.learn to cooperateand comprise 学习合作和妥协 12.be deeply impreed with … 对…印象很深 13.company philosophy企业文化 14.flexibility 灵活性 15.competitive 竞争激烈的 16.arena 舞台

17.team-work spirit 团队合作精神 18.treasureopportunity 珍惜机会 19.a fat salary 收入颇丰

20.a harmoniousinterpersonal relationship 和谐的人际关系 21.a sense of responsibility 责任感 22.material gains 物质待遇

23.promising future 光明的前途

24.bright prospect 光明的前景

25.a challenging job 一份具有挑战性的工作 26.turning point 转折点 27.be closely related to … 与…息息相关 28.get advanced in the society 出人头地 29.a decentjob 一份体面的工作 30.chance of promotion升迁机会

31.stability and satisfaction 稳定感和满足感

32.keep skills fresh and up-to-date 使技能可以不断更新 33.expand one’s horizon开阔视野 34.balance work and life平衡工作和生活 35.from-nine-to-five 朝九晚五一族

36.shoulder/undertake one’s responsibility 承担起自己的责任 37.upgrade oneself 提升自我 38.a well-paid job 高收入工作

39.creative work 创造性工作

40.stand up to / meet the challenge 迎接挑战

41.realize the value of life 实现人生价值

42.enrich one’s social experience 丰富一个人的社会阅历

43.cultivate one’s independence and toughne培养自己的独立性和坚韧性 44.seek for personal development 追求个人发展 45.display one’s talent 展示才能 46.a sense of self-fulfillment 自我实现感 47.promotion opportunity 提升机会

48.meet one’s personalized needs 满足某人个性化需求 49.define one’s role 确定自己的角色 50.social recognition 社会认可 51.accumulateexperience 获取经验 52.inspiring 鼓舞人心的 53.motivation动机

54.workaholic工作狂

55.working environment 工作环境 56.work overtime 加班

57.improve one’s capabilities 提高某人能力 58.develop one’s talents 培养才智

59.ideal workplace 理想工作场所

60.masterinterpersonal skills 掌握人际交往技能

三、交通类

1.automobile industry 汽车工业

2.boostthe economic development 促进经济发展 3.levythe tax 征税

4.modernization 现代化

5.be viewed as … 被视为是…

6.be concerned about … 对…担忧/关注… 7.pollution-free fuel 无污染燃料 8.luxury奢侈品

9.chronic lead poisoning 慢性铅中毒 10.fill… with … 使…充斥着

11.popularizationof cars 汽车普及

12.lay more emphasis on… 把重心放在… 13.observe traffic regulations 遵守交通规则 14.break traffic regulations 违反交通规则 15.get struckin traffic 遇上堵车 16.rush hour 上下班高峰时间

17.ease the traffic preure 缓解交通压力 18.pedestrian行人 19.pavement人行道 20.zebra croing 斑马线 21.overspeed 超速行驶

22.bottleneck交通堵塞地区

23.settle down effective laws 制定出积极有效的法律 24.impose restrictions on … 对…实施限制 25.short-sighted 目光短浅的

26.non-renewable resources 不可再生资源 27.carbon dioxide二氧化碳 28.a pillarindustry 支柱产业 29.make full use of … 充分利用 30.road networks 公路网

31.speed limits 限速

32.enhance the quality of life 提高生活质量 33.pay a heavy price 付出惨痛的代价

34.promote the development of relative industries 促进相关产业发展 35.traffic engineering 交通运输工程

36.the number of car ownership 汽车拥有量 37.call for … 需要…

38.overcrowded 过度拥挤的 39.violator违规者

40.headache 令人头痛的事 41.traffic accidents 交通事故 42.head-way 进展

43.conflict with … 与…相冲突 44.major cause 主要原因

45.be replaced by … 被…所取代

46.provide conveniencefor … 为…提供便利 47.curb… 限制… 48.dilemma进退两难

49.encourage somebody to do something鼓励某人去做某事 50.energy-saving 节能的

四、社会类

1.urbanization 城市化 2.centralization集中化 3.imbalance 不平衡

4.in the long run 从长远角度而言 5.infrastructure基础设施 6.booming 繁荣发展的 7.tertiaryindustry 第三产业 8.tranquility宁静 9.revenue 税收

10.commercialization 商业化 11.traffic congestion 交通拥挤 12.water scarcity 水短缺

13.the environmental pollution 环境污染 14.over-industrialization 过度工业化 15.over-crowdedne 过度拥挤 16.unemployment 失业 17.wealth distribution财富分配 18.social instability 社会动荡 19.urban construction 城市建设 20.population explosion 人口激增 21.a rising crime rate 犯罪率上升

22.drainof energy and resources 能源和资源消耗 23.offer more job opportunities 提供更多的就业机会 24.a rapid pace of life 快节奏生活

25.stre-related illnees 与压力有关的疾病 26.high cost of living 高额生活费用 27.pastorallife 田园生活

28.cla polarization 阶级两极分化 29.social welfare 社会福利

30.give special care to … 给予…特殊关照 31.urban sprawl城市扩张

32.convenient transportation means 便捷的交通工具 33.better medical services 更好的医疗服务 34.preure of modern life in city 城市生活压力 35.be vulnerableto … 易于患上… 36.melting pot 熔炉

37.on the brinkof … 处于…边缘 38.pollutant 污染性物质 39.waste disposal 废物处理 40.put the blame on … 归咎于… 41.be attributableto … 归因为… 42.ways of consumption消费方式 43.suffer heavy loes 遭受重大损失 44.citizen 居民

45.be confronted with… 面临着… 46.breed crimes 滋生犯罪 47.viciouscycle 恶性循环

48.a feasible measure 一种可行的措施 49.give priority to … 优先考虑… 50.city planners 城市规划者

五、动物保护类

1.vivisection活体解剖

2.perform.experiments on animals 在动物身上做试验 3.test animals 用于实验的动物

4.be subjected to experiments 被迫接受试验 5.animal rights 动物权利 6.clinical research 临床研究 7.cruel 残忍的

8.extremist极端主义者

9.medical research 医学研究 10.origin of species 物种起源 11.alternative method 替代的方法 12.biological diversity 生物多样性 13.natural balance 自然平衡

14.equilibriumof ecosystem 生态平衡 15.coexistence 共存

16.endangered animals 濒危动物 17.diversity of species 物种多样性 18.shamele 令人羞愧的 19.barbaric野蛮的

20.live and let live 活着就是与万物共存 21.meaningle 没有意义的 22.dominantspecies 优势物种 23.laboratory 实验室 24.vaccine 疫苗 25.infringement践踏 26.right to live 生存权 27.torture折磨

28.anti-science 反科学的

29.life-threatening diseases 危及生命的疾病 30.scientific gains 科学成果

31.an ever-lasting theme 一个永恒的主题 32.evolution 进化

33.computer simulation电脑模拟 34.groundle没有理由的 35.humane 人道的

36.medical technology 医疗技术 37.anatomy解剖 38.equal 公平的

39.unreliable不可信赖的 40.valid 有效的、正当的

六、语言类 1.ambiguity歧义

2.denotation字面意思 3.connotation暗含意思

4.impractical 不切实际的

5.intellectual development 智力发展 6.interaction 交流

7.thinking capacity 思考能力 8.universal language 世界语 9.linguisticstudies 语言学研究

10.a means of communication 一种交流工具 11.mechanical translation 机械翻译 12.untranslatable 不宜翻译的

13.develop linguistic skills 培养语言技能 14.verbal communication 口头交流 15.grammaticalrules 语法规则 16.context 语境 17.core 核心 18.translation 笔译 19.interpretation口译

20.a complex progre 一个复杂过程 21.cream精华

22.cultivate logical thinking 培养逻辑思维 23.obscure晦涩的

24.readability朗朗上口

25.an unrealistic dream 一个不切实际的梦想

26.comprehensive knowledge 全面的知识

27.communicate with others directly, and freely 与他人直接自由交流 28.face-to-face communication 面对面交流 29.stimulate one’s interest 激发了…的兴趣 30.artificialintelligence 人工智能

31.help children learn a foreign language in a more vivid and interactive way 帮助孩子更生动,互动地学习一门外语

32.miraculous令人惊叹的

33.increase efficiency 提高效率 34.easy acceibility 易于操作

35.make astoundingadvances 突飞猛进

36.enrich the teaching and learning methods 丰富了教学手段 37.expertise专业知识

38.flourishing 繁荣兴旺的

39.speedy communication 快速的交流 40.read between the lines 读懂暗含的意思 41.language acquisition语言习得 42.term 术语

43.implication含义

44.be fully aware of… 充分意识到… 45.optimistic乐观的 46.peimistic悲观的 47.drawback 弊端

48.precious gift 宝贵的礼物 49.linguist 语言学家

50.miionimpoible 不可能的任务

推荐第9篇:四级听力高频词汇

四级听力考试高频场景及相关词汇

1.学校

optional course 选修课 selective course 选修课 elective (n.) 选修课

compulsory course 必修课 required course 必修课 day course 白天的课 evening course 晚上的课 credit 学分

schedule of the course 课程安排

mathematics 数学 —— mathematician history 历史 —— historian chemistry 化学 —— chemist literature 文学 —— writer physics 物理 —— physicist

economics 经济学 —— economist psychology 心理学 —— psychologist geography 地理 —— geologist architecture 建筑学 —— architect biology 生物学 —— biologist engineering 工程 —— engineer computer programming 计算机编程 data proceing 数据处理 barely stay awakefinal exam 期终考试

middle exam 期中考试make up 补考

private school 私立学校 religious school 教会学校 president / principal 校长 dean 系主任 profeor 教授

aociate profeor 副教授 lecturer 讲师 aistant 助教 tutor 导师;家教 postdoctor 博士后 doctor 博士 2.宾馆

book / reserve 预订 make a reservation 预订

confirm the reservation 确认预订

master 硕士 bachelor 学士

BA (Bachelor of Arts) 文学士 BS (Bachelor of Science) 理学士 semester 学期 lecture 讲课(n.)

register/registration 登记,注册 vacation 假期

freshman 大一新生 sophomore 大二学生 junior 大三学生 senior 大四学生 graduate 毕业生

undergraduate 本科生 postgraduate 研究生

graduate school 研究生院 library 图书馆 —— librarian reference book 参考书 overdue过期 return还书 fine 罚金

attend / have a lecture 上课 cut / skip a cla 旷课 aignment 作业

presentation 阐述,介绍(作业之形式) book report 读书报告

experimental report 实验报告 extensive reading 泛读 intensive reading 精读 paper 论文

eay 论文,小文章 revise 修改,复查 polish 修改

thesis (本科/硕士)学位论文 diertation (博士)学位论文 seminar / workshop研讨会

cancel the reservation 取消预订 fully booked / full up / full 客满 single room 单人间

double room 双人间 (一张双人床) twin room 双人间(两张单人床)

shared room 双人间(共用卫生间但卧室分开)

triple room 三人间

a standard suite 标准套间 a presidential suite 总统套房 reception 前台 3.饭店

waiter / waitre 男/女服务生 customer 顾客

book a table 订位子 order 点菜 menu 菜单 alcohol 酒 drink 饮料 beverage 饮料

Check the bill, please.买单 Check, please.买单 Bill, please.买单 4.工作

job vacancy 空缺职位 candidate 求职者

applicant 求职者,申请者

compete (against/with sb) (for sth) application letter 求职信 resume 简历

basic / personal information 基本信息/个人资料

academic background 教育背景 work experience 工作经验 interview 面试

work overtime 加班 wage 周薪 salary 月薪 bonus奖金 allowance 津贴

annual income 年收入

pension 养老金; 抚恤金; 退休金 promotion 升职

recruit 招募(新成员) a want ad 招聘广告 hire 雇用 fire 解雇

receptionist 前台接待员 porter 行李搬运人员 tip 小费

occupancy rate 入住率 room service 客房服务部 check in 入住登记 check out 退房

treat 请客

go Dutch 分账,AA制(但这一说法较老化,现在一般不用)split the bill分账,AA制 keep the change 不用找零 service charge 服务费 takeaway 外卖 main course 主食 deert 餐后甜点

dining-hall / canteen / refectory (学校的)餐厅,食堂

resign 辞职 retire 退休 laid-off 下岗 vacation 休假 annual leave 年假 sick leave 病假

get away for a while 离开一段时间去度假

coffee break指喝杯咖啡的休息 be tired of 厌倦 be fed up with厌倦 be bored with厌倦

mechanical jobs 呆板的工作 repetitive / unbearable jobs workload 工作量

post / position / vocation / title 职务 consult sb/sth (about sth) 就某事请教某人

marketing consultant 营销顾问

accountancy 会计学 —— accountant teller 出纳

mechanic 技工,修理工 temporary staff 临时工

permanent employment 固定的工作 administrative work 行政工作 personnel department 人事部门 5.

电话

cell phone/mobile phone 手机 pay phone 公用电话

telephone box / booth 电话亭 extension 分机 6.

医院

clinic 诊所

emergency room 急诊室 a public ward (普通)病房 see a doctor 去医院看医生 send for a doctor 请医生出诊

be discharged from hospital /discharge a patient 出院

be in hospital 住院 physician内科医生 surgeon外科医生 surgery 手术 dentist 牙医

make an appointment 预约 bad cold 感冒 7.

交通

fare 车票 license 驾照

rush hours 高峰时间 traffic jam 交通堵塞 overtake 超车

one way street 单行线 over-speed 超速 speeding 超速 ticket 罚单

parking meter汽车停放收费表 expre way 高速公路 free way 免费高速公路 ring road 环线

subway (美) / underground (英) 地铁 underpa地下通道 overhead 轻轨

flyover 人行天桥,立交桥 timetable 时间表 destination 目的地 8.

租房

stre 压力

motivation 激励

put sb/sth through (to sb/...)为..接通电话 hold on 不要挂断,稍等 take/leave a meage 留言 hang up / get off 挂断

flu 流感

headache 头痛

stomachache 肚子痛 sore throat 嗓子痛 toothache 牙疼 decaying teeth 龋齿 fever 发烧

suffer a second degree burn 二度烧伤 twist one’s ankle 扭伤脚踝 pill / tablet 药片

check up / examine 检查 prescribe 开药方pill / tablet 药片

one way ticket 单程票 round trip ticket 来回票 non-stop / direct flight 直航

transfer / lay over / stop over 转机 first cabin 头等舱

busine cabinet 商务舱

economy cabin / cla 经济舱 book an air ticket 订机票 confirm the flight 确认航班 check in 登记

boarding card 登机牌 security check 安检 see off 送行 board 登机 take off 起飞 land 着陆

departure 离开,离去 seat belt 安全带

live on campus 住校 live off campus 住校外 for sale 可销售的房子 for rent可出租的房子 rent 租用或出租 lease租用 let 出租

location 位置

suburb / downtown 市郊/市中心 condition 住房条件 furnished 配家具 unfurnished 无装修 leaking 漏水 landlord 房东landlady女房东 roommate 室友 好的室友:neat 整洁的;considerate 体贴的,细心的;tidy 爱整齐的

不好的室友:mey / untidy 脏乱的;noisy 吵闹的

四级听力常见多义词

As for this part, you are supposed to learn their different meanings in different context.

applyball bill blockbook box change channel charge

check

commercial dueexhaustfinegift hit iue lean

let note meter moon paper present promotion tip

四级听力/阅读表态度的词汇

1.正面的

approving 赞同的 optimistic 乐观的 confident 自信的 2.反面的

disapproval 不赞同的 peimistic 悲观的 negative 消极的 subjective 主观的 arbitrary主观的 critical 批评的 3.中立的

neutral 中立的 impartial 公正的

positive 积极的 objective 客观的

suspicious 怀疑的 doubtful 怀疑的 sarcastic 讽刺的 biased 有偏见的 prejudiced 有偏见的

indifferent 漠不关心的,不感兴趣的 unbiasedunprejudiced

推荐第10篇:英语四级词汇字母a

大学英语四级考试大纲 A

a art.一(个);每一(个) abandon vt.丢弃;放弃,抛弃 ability n.能力;能耐,本领 able a.有能力的;出色的 abnormal a.不正常的;变态的 aboard ad.在船(车)上;上船 about prep.关于;在…周围 above prep.在…上面;高于 abroad ad.(在)国外;到处 absence n.缺席,不在场;缺乏 absent a.不在场的;缺乏的 absolute a.绝对的;纯粹的 absolutely ad.完全地;绝对地 absorb vt.吸收;使专心 abstract a.抽象的 n.摘要 abundant a.丰富的;大量的 abuse vt.滥用;虐待 n.滥用 academic a.学院的;学术的 academy n.私立中学;专科院校 accelerate vt.(使)加快;促进 acceleration n.加速;加速度 accent n.口音,腔调;重音 accept vt.vi.接受;同意

acceptable a.可接受的,合意的 acceptance n.接受,验收;承认 acce n.接近;通道,入口 acceory n.同谋,从犯;附件 accident n.意外的;事故

accidental a.偶然的;非本质的 accommodate vt.容纳;供应,供给 accommodation n.招待设备;预定铺位 accompany vt.陪伴,陪同;伴随 accomplish vt.达到(目的);完成 accord vt.使一致;给予

accordance n.一致;和谐;授予 accordingly ad.因此,所以;照着 account n.记述;解释;帐目 accumulate vt.积累 vi.堆积 accuracy n.准确(性);准确度 accurate a.准确的,正确无误的 accuse vt.指责;归咎于

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accustom vt.使习惯

accustomed a.惯常的;习惯的 ache vi.痛;想念 n.疼痛 achieve vt.完成,实现;达到 achievement n.完成;成就,成绩 acid n.酸;酸的,酸性的

acquaintance n.认识;了解;熟人 acquire vt.取得;获得;学到 acre n.英亩(=6.07亩) acro prep.横过;在…对面 act vi.行动;见效 n.行为 action n.行动;作用;功能 active a.活跃的;积极的 activity n.活动;活力;行动 actor n.男演员;演剧的人 actre n.女演员

actual a.实际的;现行的 actually ad.实际上;竟然 acute a.尖的,锐的;敏锐的 ad n.广告

adapt vt.使适应;改编 add vt.添加,附加,掺加 addition n.加,加法;附加物 additional a.附加的,追加的 addre n.地址;演说;谈吐 adequate a.足够的;可以胜任的 adjective n.形容词 a.形容词的 adjust vt.调整,调节;校正

administration n.管理;管理部门 admire vt.钦佩,羡慕,赞赏 admiion n.允许进入;承认 admit vt.承认;准许…进入 adopt vt.收养;采用;采取 adult n.成年人 a.成年的

advance vi.前进;提高 n.进展 advanced a.先进的;高级的 advantage n.优点,优势;好处 adventure n.冒险;惊险活动 adverb n.副词

advertisement n.广告;公告;登广告 advice n.劝告;忠告;意见 advisable n.明智的;可取的 advise vt.劝告;建议;通知 aeroplane n.飞机

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affair n.事情,事件;事务 affect vt.影响;感动

affection n.慈爱,爱;爱慕 afford vt.担负得起…;提供 afraid a.害怕的;担心的 Africa n.非洲

African a.非洲的 n.非洲人 after prep.在…以后;次于 afternoon n.下午,午后 afterward ad.后来,以后 again ad.又一次;而且

against prep.倚在;逆,对着 age n.年龄;时代 vt.变老 agency n.经办;代理;代理处 agent n.代理人,代理商

aggreive a.侵略的;好斗的 ago ad.以前

agony n.极度痛苦

agree vi.同意;持相同意见 agreement n.协定,协议;同意 agriculture n.农业,农艺;农学 ahead ad.在前;向前;提前 aid n.帮助,救护;助手 aim vi.瞄准,针对;致力 air n.空气;空中;外观 aircraft n.飞机,飞行器 airline n.航空公司;航线 airplane n.飞机

airport n.机场,航空站 alarm n.惊恐,忧虑;警报 alcohol n.酒精,乙醇 alike a.同样的,相同的 alive a.活着的;活跃的 all a.全部的 prep.全部 allow vt.允许,准许;任 alloy n.合金;(金属的)成色 almost ad.几乎,差不多 alone a.单独的 ad.单独地 along prep.沿着 ad.向前 aloud ad.出声地,大声地 alphabet n.字母表,字母系统 already ad.早已,已经 also ad.亦,也;而且,还 alter vt.改变,变更;改做

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alternative n.替换物;取舍,抉择 although conj.尽管,虽然 altitude n.高,高度;高处 altogether ad.完全;总而言之 aluminium n.铝

always ad.总是,一直;永远 a.m (缩)上午,午前

amaze vt.使惊奇,使惊愕 ambition n.雄心,抱负,野心 ambulance n.救护车;野战医院 America n.美洲;美国

American a.美洲的 n.美国人 among prep.在…之中

amongst prep在…之中(=among) amount n.总数;数量;和 ampere n.安培

amplify vt.放大,增强;扩大 amuse vt.逗…乐;给…娱乐 analyse vt.分析,分解,解析 analysis n.分析,分解,解析 ancestor n.祖宗,祖先 anchor n.锚 vi.抛锚,停泊 ancient a.古代的,古老的 and conj.和,又,并,则 angel n.天使,神差,安琪儿 anger n.怒,愤怒 vt.使发怒 angle n.角,角度

angry a.愤怒的,生气的 animal n.动物,兽 a.动物的 ankle n.踝,踝节部

announce vt.宣布,宣告,发表 announcer n.宣告者;播音员 annoy vt.使恼怒;打搅 annual a.每年的 n.年报 another a.再一个的;别的 answer vt.回答;响应;适应 ant n.蚂蚁

anticipate vt.预料,预期,期望 anxiety n.焦虑,忧虑;渴望 anxious a.忧虑的;渴望的 any a.什么,一些;任何的 anybody prep.任何人 anyhow ad.无论如何 anyone pron.任何人

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anything pron.任何事物;一切 anyway ad.无论如何 anywhere ad.在什么地方 apart ad.相隔;分开;除去 apartment n.一套公寓房间

apologize vi.道歉,谢罪,认错 apology n.道歉,认错,谢罪 apparatus n.器械,仪器;器官 apparent a.表面上的;明显的 appeal vi.&n.呼吁;申述 appear vi.出现;来到;似乎 appearance n.出现,来到;外观 appetite n.食欲,胃口;欲望 apple n.苹果,苹果树

appliance n.用具,器具,器械 applicable a.能应用的;适当的 application n.请求,申请;施用 apply vt.应用,实施,使用 appoint vt.任命,委任;约定 appointment n.任命;约定,约会 appreciate vt.欣赏;领会;感谢 approach vt.向…靠近n.靠近appropriate a.适当的,恰当的 approval n.赞成,同意;批准 approve vt.赞成,称许;批准 approximate a.近似的 vt.近似 approximately ad.近似地,大约 April n.四月

Arabian a.阿拉伯的

arbitrary a.随心所欲的;专断的 architecture n.建筑学;建筑式样 area n.面积;地区;领域 argue vi.争论,争辩,辩论 argument n.争论,辩论;理由 arise vi.出现;由…引起 arithmetic n.算术,四则运算 arm n.臂;臂状物;武器 army n.军队;陆军 around prep.在…周围

arouse vt.引起,唤起;唤醒 arrange vt.筹备;整理;调解 arrangement n.整理,排列;安排 arrest vt.逮捕,拘留;阻止 arrival n.到达;到来;到达者

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arrive vi.到达;来临;达到 arrow n.箭;箭状物 art n.艺术,美术;技术 article n.文章;条款;物品

artificial a.人工的;娇揉造作的 artist n.艺术家,美术家 artistic a.艺术的;艺术家的 as conj.当…的时候 ash n.灰,灰末;骨灰

ashamed a.惭愧(的);羞耻(的) Asia n.亚洲

Asian a.亚洲的 n.亚洲人 aside ad.在旁边,到旁边 ask vt.问;要求;邀请 asleep a.睡着的,睡熟的 aspect n.方面;样子,外表 aemble vt.集合,召集;装配 aembly n.集合;集会;装配 ae vt.对(财产等)估价 aign vt.指派;分配;指定 aignment n.任务,指定的作业 aist vt.援助,帮助;搀扶 aistant n.助手,助理;助教 aociate vi.交往 n.伙伴,同事 aociation n.协会,团体;联合 aume vt.假定;承担;呈现 aure vt.使确信;向…保证 astonish vt.使惊讶,使吃惊 astronaut n.宇宙航行员,宇航员 at prep.在…里;在…时

athlete n.运动员;田径运动员 Atlantic a.大西洋的 n.大西洋 atmosphere n.大气;空气;气氛 atmospheric a.大气的;大气层的 atom n.原子;微粒;微量 atomic a.原子的;原子能的 attach vt.缚,系,贴;附加 attack vt.&vi.&n.攻击,进攻 attain vt.达到,获得,完成 attempt vt.尝试,试图 n.企图 attend vt.出席;照顾,护理 attention n.注意,留心;注意力 attentive a.注意的;有礼貌的 attitude n.态度,看法;姿势

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attract vt.吸引;引起,诱惑 attraction n.吸引;吸引力;引力 attractive a.有吸引力的

attribute vt.把…归因于 n.属性 audience n.听众,观众,读者 August n.八月

aunt n.伯母,婶母,姑母 aural a.耳的,听觉的 Australia n.澳大利亚 Australian a.澳大利亚的 author n.作者,作家

authority n.当局,官方;权力 auto n.(口语)汽车

automatic a.自动的;机械的 automation n.自动,自动化 automobile n.汽车,机动车 autumn n.秋,秋季

auxiliary a.辅助的;附属的 available a.可利用的;通用的 avenue n.林荫道,道路;大街 average n.平均数 a.平均的 aviation n.航空,航空学 avoid vt.避免,躲开;撤消 await vt.等候,期待 awake a.醒着的 vt.唤醒 award n.奖,奖品;判定 aware a.知道的,意识到的 away ad.离开,远离;…去 awful a.令人不愉快的

awfully ad.令人畏惧的;很 awkward a.笨拙的;尴尬的 ax n.斧子

axis n.轴,轴线;中心线

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第11篇:.12四级听力词汇

四级听力词汇

曲阜师范大学化学与化工学院2013级

编者:张金柱

时间:2014-07-2

31、abruptly ad.突然地agency 代理机构anticipation 期待attempt 尝试attitude 态度benefit 受益calculator 计算器cause 引起childhood 童年choose 选择collect收集,搜集colony 殖民地commit犯(罪或错)confirm确认consequence 后果control 控制criminal 犯罪的debate讨论debt 债务decorate 装饰demand 需要determine 决定,确定disappointed 失望的discover 发现display 表现

2、distribute 散步,传播document 文件efficient 有效率的effort 努力emotional 感情的enjoyable 令人愉快的entirely 完全地establish 建立examination 检查expect 料想exposure 暴露extraordinary 异乎寻常的fiction 小说financial 财政的foreign 外国的guard 捍卫handle 处理happen 发生hidden 隐秘的identify 识别ignore 忽视illustrate 阐明image 形象impact 影响increase 增加individual 个体

3、influence 影响insist 坚持institution 机构invasion 侵犯investigation 调查isolated 孤立的item 物品legal 合法的limit 限制liquor 烈性酒list 名单load 负荷lock 锁上material 物质million 数百万minister 牧师misbehave 品行不端moderate 适度的murder 谋杀,杀害normal 正常的observe 观察occur 发生official 官方的operate 操作,运行outlook 观点,看法own 拥有

4、participant 参与者percentage 比例performance 表现persistence 坚持personality 个性,性格philosophy 理念physical 身体上的predict 预见,预测prepare 准备president 总裁prevention 预防project 项目,工程prospect 前景prove 证明provide 提供rarely 很少地,稀少地realize 意识到recall 回想起recommend建议,推荐region 地域,区域relationship 关系religion 宗教remarkable 显著的require 要求resident 居民responsible 对…负责任

5、risk 风险rude 无理的ruin 破坏rush 仓促行事safety 安全search 搜索selection 选择,挑选separate 单独的service 服务shift 转变,转换significance 意义similar 相似的specialized 专门的,具体的spiritual 精神的spread 传播stadium 体育场stage 举行steal 窃取strange 奇怪的suffer 遭受suspend 使暂时停职(停学)swift 快速的temporary 暂时的tip 建议tolerance 容忍trace 追踪

6、traditional 传统的treatment 治疗tuition 学费unconditional 无条件的unique 特有的vegetable 蔬菜visible 看得见的widespread 普遍的wonder 想知道at the bottom of 在…的底部be filled with 充满be responsible for 对…负责carry out 执行contribute to 有助于engage in 参加get rid of 摆脱government agencies 政府机构growing numbers of 越来越多的human nature 人性in spite of 不管,不顾in the smallest detail 详细地interpersonal relations 人际关系keep accurate records 精确记录lie around 到处乱扔乱放respond promptly to 积极地响应the fruits of their labor 他们劳动的成果

第12篇:四级高频词汇词组

1.alter v.改变,改动,变更 2.burst vi.,n.突然发生,爆裂

3.dispose vi.除掉;处置;解决;处理(of) 4.blast n.爆炸;气流 vi.炸,炸掉 5.consume v.消耗,耗尽

6.split v.劈开;割裂;分裂 a.裂开的 7.spit v.吐(唾液等);唾弃 8.spill v.溢出,溅出,倒出 9.slip v.滑动,滑落;忽略

10.slide v.滑动,滑落 n.滑动;滑面;幻灯片 11.bacteria n.细菌

12.breed n.种,品种 v.繁殖,产仔 13.budget n.预算 v.编预算,作安排 14.candidate n.候选人 15.campus n.校园

16.liberal a.慷慨的;丰富的;自由的 17.transform v.转变,变革;变换 18.transmit v.传播,播送;传递 19.transplant v.移植

20.transport vt.运输,运送 n.运输,运输工具 21.shift v.转移;转动;转变 22.vary v.变化,改变;使多样化 23.vanish vi.消灭,不见

24.swallow v.吞下,咽下 n.燕子 25.suspicion n.怀疑,疑心

26.suspicious a.怀疑的,可疑的

27.mild a.温暖的,暖和的;温柔的,味淡的 28.tender a.温柔的;脆弱的

29.nuisance n.损害,妨害,讨厌(的人或事物) 30.insignificant a.无意义的,无足轻重的;无价值的 31.accelerate vt.加速,促进

32.absolute a.绝对的,无条件的;完全的 33.boundary n.分界线,边界

34.brake n.刹车,制动器 v.刹住(车) 35.catalog n.目录(册) v.编目 36.vague a.模糊的,不明确的 37.vain n.徒劳,白费

38.extinct a.绝灭的,熄灭的

39.extraordinary a.不平常的,特别的,非凡的 40.extreme a.极度的,极端的 n.极端,过分 41.agent n.代理人,代理商;动因,原因 42.alcohol n.含酒精的饮料,酒精 43.appeal n./vi.呼吁,恳求

44.appreciate vt.重视,赏识,欣赏

45.approve v.赞成,同意,批准 46.stimulate vt.刺激,激励

47.acquire vt.取得,获得;学到 48.accomplish vt .完成,到达;实行

49.network n.网状物;广播网,电视网;网络 50.tide n.潮汐;潮流 51.tidy a.整洁的,整齐的

52.trace vt.追踪,找到 n.痕迹,踪迹 53.torture n./vt.拷打,折磨 54.wander vi.漫游,闲逛 55.wax n.蜡

56.weave v.织,编

57.preserve v.保护,保存,保持,维持 61.abuse v.滥用,虐待;谩骂

62.academic a.学术的;高等院校的;研究院的 63.academy n.(高等)专科院校;学会 64.battery n.电池(组) 65.barrier n.障碍;棚栏

66.cargo n.(船、飞机等装载的)货物 67.career n.生涯,职业

68.veel n.船舶;容器,器皿;血管 69.vertical a.垂直的

70.oblige v.迫使,责成;使感激 71.obscure a.阴暗,模糊

72.extent n.程度,范围,大小,限度

73.exterior n.外部,外表 a.外部的,外表的 74.external a.外部的,外表的,外面的 75.petrol n.汽油 76.petroleum n.石油

77.delay vt./n.推迟,延误,耽搁 78.decay vi.腐烂,腐朽 79.decent a.像样的,体面的 80.route n.路;路线;航线

81.ruin v.毁坏,破坏 n.毁灭,[pl.]废墟 82.sake n.缘故,理由 83.satellite n.卫星

84.scale n.大小,规模;等级;刻度 85.temple n.庙宇

86.tedious a.乏味道,单调的, 87.tend vi.易于,趋向 88.tendency n.趋向,趋势

89.ultimate a.极端的,最大的,最终的 n.极端 90.undergo v.经历,遭受

91.abundant a.丰富的,充裕的,大量的

92.adopt v.收养;采用;采纳

93.adapt vi.适应,适合;改编,改写 vt.使适应 94.bachelor n.学士,学士学位;单身汉

95.casual a.偶然的,碰巧的;临时的;非正式的 96.trap n.陷阱,圈套 v.设陷阱捕捉 97.vacant a.空的,未占用的 98.vacuum n.真空,真空吸尘器 99.oral a.口头的,口述的,口的 100.optics n.(单、复数同形)光学 101.organ n.器官,风琴

102.exce n.过分,过量,过剩 103.expel v.驱逐,开除,赶出 104.expend v.消费

105.expenditure n.支出,消费;经费 106.expense n.开销,费用

107.expensive a.花钱多的;价格高贵的 108.expand v.扩大,扩张;展开,膨胀 109.expansion n.扩大,扩充;发展,膨胀 110.private a.私人的,个人的

111.individual a.个别的,单独的 n.个人,个体 112.personal a.个人的,私人的;亲自的 114.personnel n.[总称]人员,员工;人事部门 115.the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 116.the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋 117.the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋 118.the Antarctic Ocean 南冰洋 119.grant vt.授予,同意,准予

119.grand a.宏伟大,壮丽的,重大的 120.invade v.侵入,侵略,侵袭

121.acid n.酸,酸性物质 a.酸的;尖刻的 122.acknowledge v.承认;致谢 123.balcony n.阳台

124.calculate vt.计算,核算 125.calendar n.日历,月历 126.optimistic a.乐观

127.optional a.可以任选的,非强制的

128.outstanding a.杰出的,突出的,显著的 129.export n.出口(物) v.出口,输出 130.import n.进口(物) v.进口,输入 131.impose vt.把...加强(on);采用,利用 132.religion n.宗教,宗教信仰 133.religious a.宗教的

134.victim n.牺牲品,受害者

135.video n.电视,视频 a.电视的,录像的

136.videotape n.录像磁带 v.把...录在录像带上 137.offend v.冒犯,触犯 138.bother v.打搅,麻烦

139.interfere v.干涉,干扰,妨碍 140.internal a.内部的,国内的 141.beforehand ad.预先,事先 142.racial a.人种的种族的 143.radiation n.放射物,辐射 144.radical a.根本的;激进的

145.range n.幅度,范围 v.(在某范围内)变动 146.wonder n.惊奇,奇迹 v.想知道,对...感到疑惑 147.isolate vt.使隔离,使孤立 148.iue n.问题,争论点;发行,(报刊)一期 149.hollow a.空的,中空的,空虚道 150.hook n.钩 vt.钩住

151.adequate a.适当地;足够

152.adhere vi.粘附,附着;遵守,坚持 153.ban vt.取缔,禁止 154.capture vt.俘虏,捕获

155.valid a.有效的,有根据的;正当的 156.valley n.山谷,峡谷

157.consistent a.坚固定;一致的,始终如一的 158.continuous a.继续的,连续(不断)的 159.continual a.不断地,频繁的 160.explode v.爆炸;爆发;激增 161.exploit v.剥削;利用,开采 162.explore v.勘探

163.explosion n.爆炸;爆发;激增

164.explosive a.爆炸的;极易引起争论的 165.remote a.遥远的,偏僻的 166.removal n.除去,消除 167.render vt.使得,致使

167.render 解释比较长,可要仔细体会啊!

1) render sth (for sth);render sth (to sb) give sth in return,or exchange,or as sth which is due 给予某物作为报偿或用以交换;回报;归还render homage,obedience,allegiance,etc.表示敬意、顺从、效忠等:a reward for services rendered 服务的酬金render good for evil 以德报怨render insult for insult 以侮辱对侮辱render sb a service/render a service to sb 为某人服务render help to disaster victims 向灾民提供援助render thanks to God 感谢上帝 2) present or send in (an account)for payment 递交或开出(帐单):account rendered 开出50美元的帐单

3) cause (sb/sth) to be in a certain condition 使(某人[某事物])处于某种状况:rendered helple by an accident 因出事故而束手无策Your action had rendered our contract invalid.你们的这种做法导致双方的合同失败。

4) [esp paive 尤用于被动语态] give a performance of (music,a play,a character.etc);give a portrayal of (sb/sth)in painting,etc.演奏(音乐);演出(戏剧);扮演(角色);以绘画等表现(某人[某物]):The piano solo was well rendered.那支钢琴独奏曲弹得真好。"Othello" was rendered rather poorly.《奥赛罗》这出戏演得不好。The artist had rendered her gentle smile perfectly.该艺术家把她那温柔的笑容表现得惟妙惟肖。

5) render sth (into sth) expre sth in another language;translate sth.翻译某事物:How would you render "bon voyage" (into English)? "bon voyage"怎么翻译(成英语)?Rendering poetry into other language is difficult.翻译诗歌是很困难的。 6) cover (stone or brick) with a first layer of plaster 在(石或砖)上抹灰泥打底:render walls 在墙上抹底灰

7)(习语)render an account of oneself, one"s behaviour, etc explain or justify what one has said,done,etc.为自己的言行等作解释或辩护.8) render sth down: make (eg fat,lard) liquid by heating it; melt sth down 将(脂肪、猪油等)熬成油;熔化某物。render sth up:hand over or surrender sth;yield sth.移交或交出某物;放弃某事物:render up a fort, town, etc to the enemy 放弃要塞、城市等被敌人占领(fig比喻) He rendered up his soul to God, ie died.他魂归天国了

168.precaution n.预防,防备,警惕 169.idle a.懒散的,无所事事的 170.identify vt.认出,鉴定

171.identify n.身份;个性,特性 172.poverty n.贫穷

173.resistant a.(to)抵抗的,抗...的,耐...的 174.resolve vt.解决;决定,决意 175.barrel n.桶

176.bargain n.便宜货 vi.讨价还价 177.coarse a.粗的,粗糙的,粗劣的 178.coach n.教练;长途公共汽车 179.code n.准则,法规,密码 180.coil n.线圈 v.卷,盘绕

181.adult n.成年人

182.advertise v.为...做广告 183.advertisement n.广告

184.agency n.代理商,经销商

185.focus v.(使)聚集 n.焦点,中心,聚焦 186.forbid vt.不许,禁止 187.debate n./v.辩论,争论 188.debt n.欠债 189.decade n.十年

190.enclose vt.围住;把...装入信封 191.encounter vt./n.遭遇,遭到 192.globe n.地球,世界;地球仪 193.global a.全球的;总的 194.scan vt.细看;扫描;浏览

195.scandal n.丑事,丑闻

196.significance n.意义;重要性 197.subsequent a.随后的,后来的 198.virtue n.美德,优点

199.virtual a.实际上的,事实上的

200.orient vt.使适应,(to,toward)使朝向 n.东方

英语四级常用短语汇总

a series of 一系列,一连串 above all 首先,尤其是

after all 毕竟,究竟 ahead of 在...之前

ahead of time 提前 all at once 突然,同时

all but 几乎;除了...都 all of a sudden 突然

all over 遍及

all over again 再一次,重新

all the time 一直,始终

all the same 仍然,照样的

as regards 关于,至于 anything but 根本不

as a matter of fact 实际上 apart from 除...外(有/无)

as a rule 通常,照例

as a result(of) 因此,由于

as far as ...be concerned 就...而言 as far as 远至,到...程度

as for 至于,关于 as follows 如下

as if 好像,仿怫

as good as 和...几乎一样

as usual 像平常一样,照例 as to 至于,关于

all right 令人满意的;可以 as well 同样,也,还

as well as 除...外(也),即...又 aside from 除...外(还有)

at a lo 茫然,不知所措 at a time 一次,每次

at all 丝毫(不),一点也不

at all costs 不惜一切代价

at all events 不管怎样,无论如何 at all times 随时,总是

at any rate 无论如何,至少 at best 充其量,至多

at first 最初,起先

at first sight 乍一看,初看起来

at hand 在手边,在附近at heart 内心里,本质上

at home 在家,在国内 at intervals 不时,每隔...

at large 大多数,未被捕获的 at least 至少

at last 终于

at length 最终,终于

at most 至多,不超过 at no time 从不,决不

by accident 偶然

at one time 曾经,一度;同时

at present 目前,现在

at sb"s disposal 任...处理

at the cost of 以...为代价 at the mercy of 任凭...摆布

at the moment 此刻,目前 at this rate 照此速度 at times 有时,间或

back and forth 来回地,反复地 back of 在...后面

before long 不久以后

beside point 离题的,不相干的

beyond question 毫无疑问 by air 通过航空途径

by all means 尽一切办法,务必 by and by 不久,迟早

by chance 偶然,碰巧 by far 最,...得多

by hand 用手,用体力

by iteslf 自动地,独自地

by means of 用,依靠

by mistake 错误地,无意地

by no means 决不,并没有 by oneself 单独地,独自地

by reson of 由于

by the way 顺便说说

by virtue of 借助,由于

by way of 经由,通过...方法

due to 由于,因为

each other 互相

even if/though 即使,虽然 ever so 非常,极其

every now and then 时而,偶尔 every other 每隔一个的

except for 除了...外

face to face 面对面地

far from 远非,远离 for ever 永远

for good 永久地

for the better 好转

for the moment 暂时,目前 for the present 暂时,目前

for the sake of 为了,为了...的利益 for the time being 暂时,眼下

from time to time 有时,不时

hand in hand 手拉手 ,密切关联

head on 迎面地,正面的

heart and soul 全心全意地

how about ...怎么样 in a hurry 匆忙,急于

in case of 假如,防备

in a moment 立刻,一会儿

in a sense 从某种意义上说 in a way 在某种程度上

in a word 简言之,总之

in accordance with 与...一致,按照

in addition 另外,加之

in addition to 除...之外(还)

in advance 预先,事先 in all 总共,合计

in any case 无论如何 in any event 无论如何

in brief 简单地说

in charge of 负责,总管

in common 共用的,共有的

in consequence(of) 因此;由于

in debt 欠债,欠情 in detail 详细地

in difficulty 处境困难 in effect 实际上,事实上

in general 一般来说,大体上 in favour of 支持,赞成

in front of 面对,在...前

in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in

half 成两半

hand 在进行中,待办理

honour of 为庆祝,为纪念

itself 本质上,就其本身而言 line with 与...一致

memory of 纪念 no case 决不

no time 立即,马上 no way 决不

order 按顺序,按次序

other words 换句话说

part 部分地

particular 特别,尤其

person 亲自,本人

place 在合适的位置

place of 代替,取代,交换 practice 在实践中,实际上

proportion to 与...成比例 public 公开地,当众

quantity 大量

question 正在谈论的

regard to 关于,至于 relation to 关于,涉及

return 作为报答/回报/交换 return for 作为对...报答

short 简言之,总之 sight 被见到;在望

spite of 尽管 step 齐步,合拍

step with 与...一致/协调 tears 流着泪,在哭着

the course of 在...期间/过程中 the distance 在远处

the end 最后,终于

the event of 如果...发生,万一

the face of 即使;在...面前 the first place 首先

the future 在未来 the least 丝毫,一点

(the)light of 鉴于,由于 the way 挡道

the world 究竟,到底 time 及时

touch 联系,接触

in turn 依次,轮流;转而

in vain 徒劳,白费力

instead of 代替,而不是

just now 眼下;刚才

little by little 逐渐地

lots of 许多 many a 许多

more or le 或多或少,有点 next door 隔壁的,在隔壁

no doubt 无疑地

no le than 不少于...;不亚于...

no longer 不再 no more 不再

no more than 至多,同...一样不 none other than 不是别的,正是

on one"s guard 警惕,提防 nothing but 只有,只不过

now and then 时而,偶尔

off and on 断断续续,间歇地

off duty 下班

on a large/small scale 大/小规模地

on account of 由于

on(an/the) average平均,通常

on behalf of 代表

on board 在船(车/飞机)上

on busine 因公

on condition that 如果

on duty 上班,值班 on earth 究竟,到底

on fire 起火着火 on foot 步行,

on guard 站岗,值班

on hand 在场,在手边

on occasion(s) 有时,间或

on one"s own 独立,独自 on purpose 故意地

on sale 出售,廉价出售

on schedule 按时间表,准时

on second thoughts 经重新考虑

on the contrary 正相反

on the grounds of 根据,以...为由

on (the) one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面

on the point of 即将...的时刻

on the road 在旅途中

on the side 作为兼职/副 业 on the spot 在场;马上

on the whole 总的来说,大体上 on time 准时

once again 再一次

once(and)for all 一劳永逸地

once in a while 偶尔 once more 再一次

once upon a time 从前 one another 相互

or else 否则,要不然 or so 大约,左右

other than 非;除了

out of 从...中;由于;缺乏

out of burath 喘不过气来 out of control 失去控制

out of date 过时的 out of doors 在户外

out of order 出故障的

out of place 不适当的 out

of practice 久不练习,荒疏

out of sight 看不见,在视野外

out of the question 毫无可能的 out of touch 不联系,不接触

over and over(again) 一再地,再三地 prior at 在...之前

quite a few 相当多,不少 rather than 不是...(而是)

regardle of 不顾,不惜 right away 立即,马上

side by side 肩并肩,一起 so far 迄今为止

sooner or later 迟早,早晚 step by step 逐步地

such as 例如,诸如 thanks to 由于,多亏

that is (to say) 就是说,即 to the point 切中要害,切题

under control 处于控制之下

under the circumstances 这种情况下

up to date 在进行中

up to 多达;直到;胜任;取决于

what if 切合目前情况的

what about 怎么样

with respect to 如果...将怎么样 with regard to 关于,至于

without question 关于,至于, word for word 逐字的

with the exception of 除...之外

without question 毫无疑问

第13篇:四级高频词汇总结

四级高频词汇总结

社会热点

civil service examinations公务员考试

shanzhai culture“山寨”文化

self-employment自主创业

juvenile delinquency青少年犯罪

grateful感恩

information security信息安全

shortage of power缺电

shopping by media媒体购物

job-hopping跳槽

housing problem住房问题

pay attention to social morality讲究社会公德

fake diplomas假文凭

child abuse虐待儿童

cause alarm and attention引起警惕和关注

aging of population人口老龄化

rush into the city冲进城市

to pay by installments分期付款

unemployment失业

pose a threat to构成威胁

traffic light交通灯

residential area住宅区

slums贫民区 文化教育

diploma文凭

first-rate facilities一流的设施

pre-school education学前教育

educational system教育体制

dropout student失学儿童

expand your horizons开阔视野

compulsory education义务教育

eliminate illiteracy扫盲

integrate with other people与人交往

interpersonal skill人际交往能力

education for all-round development素质教育

educational expert教育专家

impart knowledge and educate people教书育人

rely on science and education to rejuvenate the nation科教兴国

teach students according to their aptitude因材施教

be exposed to new ideas/experience接触各种新思想/新体验

broaden one’s outlook/expand one’s mental horizons开阔眼界

give full play to one’s ability充分发挥能力 校园生活

Part-time job兼职工作

economic burden经济负担

working experience工作经历

competition and cooperation竞争与合作

tuition学费

course arrangement课程安排

extracurricular activities课外活动

distance education远程教育

required course/compulsory course必修课

take an examination参加考试

live outside campus住在校外

food services饮食

application form申请表

withdraw/draw cash取钱

instructor辅导老师

student union学生会

undergraduate本科生

postgraduate研究生

credit学分

degree学位 体育健康

lung cancer肺癌

smoking-related diseases抽烟引起的疾病

lose weight减肥

go on a diet节食

under the weather生病、不舒服

flight-headed头昏眼花

drowsy昏昏欲睡

flu流感

epidemics瘟疫

rampant猖獗的

contract infections得传染病

pick up the habit养成这种习惯

physical and mental condition身体与精神状态

overweight/fat肥胖的

mentally unhealthy精神不健全的

be good for/do good to对??有益处

good living habits良好的生活习惯

take regular exercise进行有规律的运动

unhealthy eating habit不健康的饮食习惯

junk food垃圾食品

stay/keep healthy/fit保持健康

build up one’s body/improve one’s health强身健体 生态环境

population growth人口增长

global warming全球变暖

depletion of the ozone layer臭氧层变薄

air pollution空气污染

water pollution水污染

noise pollution噪音污染

endangered species濒临灭绝的物种

renewable resources可再生资源

protect forest resources保护森林资源

environmental racism环境歧视

energy production能源制造

ecological balance生态平衡

exert a disastrous effect on产生灾难性的影响

petroleum石油

pursue one’s short-term interest追求眼前利益

solar energy太阳能

habitat destruction and species extinction居住环境破坏与物种灭绝

for the future generations/for our descendants 为了子孙后代

raw materials原料 网络科技

cyber culture计算机文化

online love affairs网恋

net bar网吧

shopping online网上购物

cyber chat网上聊天

virtual net虚拟网络

net partner网友

surf on the Internet网上冲浪

net citizen网民

cyberspace网络空间

cyber college网络大学

convenient and effective方便有效

e-bank电子银行

kill time打发时间

information security信息安全

the popularity of computer电脑的普及

be addicted to对??上瘾

campus network校园网络

release one’s preure减轻压力

e-mail电子邮箱 社会道德

reform vt。/n。改革,改造

【考】welfare reform福利改革

【例】They reformed the voting system他们改革了投票制度【派】reformer n。改革者reformism n。改革主义 demonstrate vt。展示,论证;vi。举行示威游行【考】demonstrate against游行反对…【派】demonstration n。示威 inspect vt。检查,视察

【考】inspect sth/sb for检查,察看【派】inspector n。检查员inspection n。检查 interfere vi。干涉,介入

【考】interfere in/with干扰,妨碍

appease vt平息

【例】There was a clever attempt to appease the people。这是平息人们怒火的好方法。

reconcile vt使协调,使和解【考】reconcile to使顺从于 commit vt犯(错误、罪行),使承诺,把…托付【考】commit suicide自杀commit oneself使承担义务 be committed to sth。致力于…

verify vt核实,查对

【例】Bill’s statement was verified by several witnees 吉姆被裁定有罪,同时也被免去了军衔。 strip vt剥夺,脱去…的衣服

【例】Jim was found guilty and stripped of his rank。比尔的陈述得到了几位目击者的证实。 investigate vt。调查,研究

【例】Police were investigating the cause of an explosion 警方正在调查一起爆炸事件的起因。

【派】investigation n。调查 depend vi。依靠的,依赖的

【考】depend on sb。依靠,依赖

【派】dependent a。依靠的be dependent on sb。依赖某人

resist vt。抵制

【例】Many people resist change。很多人不喜欢变化。【派】resistant a。抵制的; resistance n。抵制 contemporary a当代的n当代人

【例】contemporary literature当代文学 moral a道德的

【例】moral sense道德观moral standard道德标准【派】morality n。道德moralism n。道德教育 native a出生的,当地的

【考】native speaker说母语的人

realistic a现实的,实际可行的

【例】Is that a realistic target?这是一个现实的目标吗? responsible a有责任的

【考】be responsible for sth对某事负责 wicked a邪恶的

【例】The criminal denied that he had done anything wicked 罪犯否认他做过邪恶的勾当。 helple a无助的

【例】the helple victim无助的受害者 ethic n伦理,道德标准

【例】profeional ethics职业道德

guideline n指导原则

guidelines of the employment雇佣的指导方针 rumor n谣言

【例】rumor has it that……有谣言声称 immigrant n移民

【例】illegal immigrants非法移民 individual n个人a个人的

【例】the welfare of individual个人的福利

【派】individualism n。个体主义individuality n。个性 consequence n后果,结果

【考】negative consequence不良后果 commercial consequence商业后果

【派】consequent a。随之发生的consequently ad。因此 status n地位,身份【例】social status社会地位 population n人口

【例】the density of population人口的密度 crime n犯罪

【例】commit crime犯罪

abuse n虐待,滥用

【例】drug abuse吸毒,child abuse虐待孩童【派】abusive a。辱骂的 gang n一帮,一伙

【例】a gang of robbers一群强盗【派】gangster黑帮 文化艺术

civilizevt.使文明;使开化

派:civilization n.文明,文化

inspirevt.鼓舞,激起;给…以灵感

考:inspire sb.with sth./inspire sth.in sb.激起某人的…,使某人产生…

派:inspiring a.鼓舞人心的;inspiration灵感;inspired a.受灵感启示的

compose vt.组成,构成;创作,为…谱曲;使平静

考:be composed of由…组成; composeoneself to do sth.静下心来做某事

派:composition n.作品;composite a.混合的n.合成物

drawvt.画,描绘;拖vi.(向某方向)移动n.平局;抽签

考:draw near临近,来临; draw on利用;临近draw in (汽车或火车)到站; draw up起草;(使) 停住;

represent vt.作为…的代表;表示;描绘

派:representation n.表现;代表;representational a.表象的; representative n.代表a.(of)有代表性的

convert vt.(使)转变,(使)转化;(使)改变信仰(或态度等)

派:conversion n.转变;皈依

preach vt.宣讲(教义),布道;竭力鼓吹vi.布道,说教

modify vi.修改,更改;(语法上)修饰

派:modification n.更改,修正

concrete a.实在的,具体的,混凝土制的n.混凝土

例:concrete evidence具体的证据

relevant a.有关的,切题的

考:be relevant to与…有关

派:relevance n.有关,相关;irrelevant a.不相关的;不切题的

original a.起初的;新颖的;原版的n.原件,原作

派:originality n.创意,新奇

profound a.深度的,深远的;知识渊博的,见解深刻的;深奥的

派:profoundly ad.深度地

remarkable a.值得注意的,引人注目的;异常的,非凡的

派:remarkably ad.显著地

abstract a.抽象的;抽象派的n.摘要;抽象派艺术作品vt.摘要考:in the abstract抽象地,在理论上派:abstracted a.抽象的;abstraction n.抽象概念,抽象化状态

supplement n.增补(物);增刊vt.增补,补充

派:supplementary a.增补的supplementationn.增补,补充

symbol n.符号

派:symbolize v.象征;symbolic a.象征的;符号的

orchestra n.管弦乐队

派:orchestral a.管弦乐的;orchestrationn.管弦乐编曲

rhythm n.节奏,韵律

派:rhythmical a.有韵律的,有节奏的

tune n.曲调,曲子;vt.为(乐器)调音;调整,调解

考:in tune (with) (与...)一致; out of tune调不准,走调,不协调; tune in (to) 收看,收听

architect n.建筑师,设计师,缔造者

派:architecture n.建筑,建筑学;architectural a.建筑上的

religion n.宗教;宗教信仰

例:the Islamic religion伊斯兰教

派:religious a.宗教的,虔诚的

belief n.相信,信任;信念;想法

考:in the belief that希望;beyondbelief难以相信; shake one’s belief改变某人的想法; have great belief in sb.非常信任某人

balcony n.阳台

bolt n.螺栓,插销vt.栓vi.逃跑

考:nuts and bolts具体细节a bolt from/out of the blue晴天霹雳,意外事件

conjunction n.结合,联合;连(接)词

考:in conjunction with与…共同

tone n.腔调,语气;音调;色调vt.增强

考:tone down (使)缓和,柔和;tone up增强

sketch n.草图;梗概;素描v.素描

考:sketch out简要地叙述

派:sketching n.草图

pursuit n.追求,追赶 [常pl.](花时间和精力的)事,消遣

考:in hot pursuits穷追不舍

literature n.文学;文献,图书资料

例:romantic literature浪漫主义文学

gallery n.美术馆,画廊;(议会等的)旁听席

例:an art gallery一间艺术画廊; the publicgallery旁听席

人类情感

overcome vt战胜,克服

例:overcome difficulties克服困难

annoy vt使烦恼,使恼怒

派:annoying a 令人恼人的; annoyance n 烦恼;

annoyed a 颇为生气的

despair vi 绝望; n 绝望

考:despair of绝望; sb be in despair某人处于绝望中

frustrate vt使沮丧,使灰心

派:frustration n 挫折; frustrating a 令人沮丧的

embarra vt使窘迫,使尴尬

派:embarraed a (某人)尴尬的;

embarrament n 沮丧; embarraing a (某事)令人尴尬的

envy vt嫉妒,羡慕n 羡慕,嫉妒

neglect vt忽视,忽略n 疏忽,忽视 考:neglect of duty玩忽职守 oppre vt压迫,压制

派:oppreed a 压抑的,受压迫的; oppreion n 压迫 admire vt钦佩,赞赏,羡慕

派:admirable a 令人羡慕; admiration n 赞赏,钦佩 restrain vt阻止,控制;抑制,遏止

考:restrain sbfromdoingsth抑制某人做某事 relieve vt使轻松,使宽慰; 缓解,减轻

例:relieve pain缓解疼痛; relieveanxiety缓解焦虑 complain vt抱怨,诉苦

考:complain about(of) sb /sth抱怨… 派:complaint n 埋怨

insult vt侮辱,辱骂n 侮辱,凌辱 conscious a 意识到的,自觉的 考:be conscious of意识到

派:consciousne n 知觉;意识unconscious a 无意识的 subconscious a 下意识的self-consciousnen自我,自觉 intense a 激烈的,紧张的

例:intense competition激烈的竞争 intense feelings激烈的情感

派:intensity n 强度; intensive a 密集的 eager a 热切的,渴望的

考:eager to do sth渴望做某事 optimistic a 乐观(主义)的

考:be optimistic about sth对…乐观 positive a 确实的,明确的,积极的 考:positive effect积极作用 negative a 负面的,消极的

panic n 恐慌,慌乱vi 使恐慌,使惊慌失措

例:The crowd paniced at the sound of the explosion 爆炸声一响,人群便惊慌起来 jealous a 嫉妒的,猜忌的 考:be jealous of sth对…嫉妒

upset vt使心烦意乱; a 心烦的,苦恼的; n不安 考:sth upset sb某事使某人心烦意乱 sb be upsetaboutsth某人对某事苦恼 派:upsetting a 令人心烦意乱的 sympathetic a 同情的,体谅的 考:be sympathetic to/with同情

派:sympathize v体谅; sympathy n 同情 concern n 关切的事; 关心; 关系

例:be concerned about/with/to对…很关心 hatred n 憎恶,憎恨

affection n 喜爱,感情,爱慕之情

派:affectionate a 爱的,挚爱的

paion n 激情,热情,酷爱

派:paionate a 激情的

preference n 喜爱,偏爱,优先(权)

派:prefer vt倾向于

stre n 压力,紧张

派:streful a 紧张的

gratitude n 感激,感谢

派:grateful a 感激的 医学药物

disable vt。使无能力; 使残废 transplant vt。移植

【记】trans(转移)+plant(种植)=移植【派】transplantation n。移植 prescribe v。开处方【派】prescription n。处方 diagnose vt。诊断、判断【派】diagnosis n。诊断

soothe vt。安慰、使平静、减轻、缓和

【例】This medicine should smooth your sore throat。这种药会减轻你的喉痛。

alleviate vt。减轻、缓和、缓解 【例】alleviate pain缓解疼痛 expire vi。断气、(期限)终止

【例】My driving licence expires next month。我的驾照下个月到期。 chronic a。慢性的

【考】chronic diseases慢性疾病 dizzy a。头晕目眩的 resistant a。有抵抗力的、抵抗的【派】resistance n。抵抗、阻力 immune a。免疫的,不受影响的

【派】be immune to免于,不受影响的

be immune from免除的 disorder n。混乱、失调

【例】economic disorder经济

【记】dis(否定前缀)+ order(秩序) discomfort n。不适 syndrome n。综合症【考】AIDS艾滋病

(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) handicap n。缺陷、障碍【派】handicapped a。有缺陷的【派】disabled a。伤残的

strain n。拉紧、过劳、扭伤vt。拉伤、使紧张vi。尽力 【派】restrained vt。抑制,遏制; 管制, surgeon n。外科医生

【派】surgery n。外科、外科手术 physician n。内科医生

pregnancy n。怀孕、怀孕期【派】 pregnant a。怀孕的 remedy n。治疗法、补救办法 bacteria n。细菌

stre n。压力

【派】streful a。有压力的 absent-minded n。心不在焉的医生给她注射以减轻疼痛。 bandage n。绷带 stroke n。中风

pharmacy n。药房、药店、药剂学、配药 capsule n。胶囊、航天舱、密封舱【例】a space capsule太空舱 pill n。药片【例】take pills服药 tablet n。药片

scar n。伤疤、创伤v。留下伤痕

工作职业

employ vt。雇佣;使用

【考】in the employ of受雇于【派】employer n。雇主;employee n。雇员

employment n。雇佣,工作unemployment n。 失业 qualify vt。 (使)胜任,(使)具有资格

【考】qualify for sth。使具有…的资格

【派】qualification n。资格,条件;qualified a。有资格的 aign vt。指派,选派;分配,布置(作业) 【派】aignment作业

undertake vt。承担,着手做;保证,同意 【考】undertake sth。从事…

【派】undertaking n。事业,任务

occupy vt。使忙碌,使从事;占领,占用

【派】occupation n。职业;occupant n。居住者;occupancy n。占有 exert vt。用力;运用,发挥,施加

【考】exert oneself努力,尽力;exert all one’s strength尽某人全力【派】exertion n。努力;发挥,行使 alter vt。改变;修改衣服

【派】alternation n。改变,变更;unaltered a。未被改变的,不变的; alternative n。替换物,选择

resign vi。辞职vt。辞去,放弃;使顺从 【考】resign from辞职resign to使顺从

equal a。胜任的,合格的;平等的vt。等于 【考】be equal to相等的;胜任的,合适的

【派】equally ad。相等地; equality n。同等,平等 inferior a。劣等的;下级的n。下级,下属

【考】be inferior to sth。/sb。比…差,不如…

【派】inferiority n。下级;自卑感 capable a。有能力的【考】be capable of能够 brilliant a。卓越的;光辉的

【派】brilliantly ad。辉煌地,灿烂地

auxiliary a。辅助的,补助的;附属的;备用的 【例】the auxiliary generator备用发电机

vacant a。空着的;(职位、工作等)空缺的;(神情)茫然的 【派】vacancy n。空处,空缺 enterprise n。企业,事业【考】joint enterprise合资企业

【例】with enterprise and creativity事业心和创造力 hunt n。/v。寻找;打猎;追捕

【派】hunter n。猎人job-hunter找工作的人

【考】hunt down对…穷追到底;go hunting打猎;hunt for寻找 interview n。面试 candidate n。候选人

resume n。简历;摘要v。(中断后) 重新开始,恢复 【派】resumption n。重新开始

ability n。本事,能力;才能

【考】to the best of one’s ability尽某人最大努力; the ability to do sth。从事(某事)的能力 grasp n。/vt。理解,领会;抓紧,抓牢【考】within sb。’s grasp为某人所能及的【例】grasp opportunities抓住机会

commitment n。承诺,保证;献身;承担的义务 【例】the commitment of the staff员工的义务

grind n。苦差事vt。磨;压迫vi。磨擦得吱吱作响

【考】grind for an exam用功准备考试;grind out生拼硬凑地写出 grind away at English studies刻苦攻读英语; 【派】grinder磨工

strain n。过度劳累,极度紧张;扭伤vt。扭伤;拉紧vi。尽力 【考】mental strain精神紧张

interval n。间隔,间距;幕间(或工间)休息

【考】at intervals不时;相隔一定距离

subordinate n。部属,下级a。下级的,次要的vt。使处于次要地位,使从属于【考】be subordinate to次要的,从属的 deputy n。副职,副手;代表,代理人【考】deputy mayor副市长

freelance n。自由职业者,独立行动的人a。自由职业者的 prospect n。前途,(成功等的)可能性v。勘探,勘察 【考】prospect for勘探,勘察

【派】prospective a。未来的prospector n。勘探者,采矿者

allowance n。津贴,补贴,零用钱

【考】make allowance(s) for考虑到,顾及;体谅;原谅 seal n。印,图章;封印,封条;海豹vt。(密)封【考】seal off封闭,封锁; break the seal拆封【派】sealed密封的 deadline n。最后期限 天灾人祸

emerge vi.浮现;(问题)发生,暴露 【考】emerge from浮现【例】 emerging market新兴市场

【派】emergence n.形成,出现;emergency n.紧急情况 collapse vi.倒塌;崩溃,突然失败;

【例】 The roof collapsed suddenly.屋顶突然塌了。

infect vt.传染;影响

【例】get infected受感染

【派】infection n.感染

wreckvt.毁坏;使…失事;n.失事,残害;精神身体垮掉的人 【例】a plane wreck飞机失事

【派】wreckage n.残骸

spread vt.展开;散布,蔓延;涂;n.传播,蔓延 【考】spread out散开伸张,延伸

【例】the rapid spread of cholera霍乱的迅速蔓延 claim vt.声称,索取,提出要求;(灾难)使死亡n.索赔【考】lay claim to声称对…由权利;claim for要求【例】Wenchuan Earthquake has claimed 60,000 people.汶川地震夺走60,000人的生命.survive vi.幸存;逃出

【例】 The miners survived in the mine accident 矿工在矿井事故中幸存下来.

【派】survival n.存活survivor n.幸存者 injure vt.伤害,损伤

【例】He was badly/severely injured.他受重伤 do sb/oneself an injury使受伤害【派】injury n.伤害

transmit vt.传播,发射;传送,传染

【例】 The disease is transmitted among people.疾病在人群中蔓延.【派】transmiion n.传播 rescue vt.n.营救,救援

【考】come to one’s rescue拯救…

【例】 Survivors were rescued by helicopter.生还者被直升机营救.donate vt.捐赠,赠送

【例】 to donate money/blood捐款/鲜血【派】 donation n.donator n.捐赠人 accidental a.意外的,偶然的

【例】accidental damage意外损伤

【派】accident n.事故,意外; accidentally ad.意外地 miserable a.痛苦的,悲惨的,可怜的【例】 a miserable cold重感冒【派】misery n.痛苦

fatal a.致命的,灾难性的;重大的 【例】 fatal mistake重大的过失

vulnerable a.易受伤的,脆弱的;难防御的

【例】 vulnerable financial system脆弱的金融体系

voluntary a.自愿,主动地

【例】 voluntary contribution自愿捐款

【派】 volunteer n./vi.志愿者volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事 disaster n.灾难,大祸;彻底失败

【例】 Oil spill is a disaster.漏油是大灾难.【派】disastrous a.灾难性的

famine n.饥荒

【例】 The famine triggered wars.饥荒引起了很多战争.destruction n.破坏,毁灭

【例】 The Amazon reforest will be damaged to destruction.亚马逊丛林将会被破坏殆尽.

【派】destructive a.破坏性的,毁灭性的 refugee n.难民

【例】 a refugee camp难民营

strap n.带,皮带vt.用带扣住;用绷带包扎【例】

to strap the wound包扎伤口 foundation n.基础;基金会;建立

【例】 educational foundations教育基金会 welfare n.福利;福利救济

【例】 social welfare社会福利

flame n.火焰【例】 burst into flame猛烈的燃烧 【派】flaming a.燃烧的 drought n.干旱,旱灾

【例】 to combat the drought抗旱

collision n.碰撞;冲突

【例】 accidental collision意外碰撞 charity n.救济金,施舍;慈善(团体) 【考】 out of charity处于仁慈之心【例】 a charity perfomance义演【派】 charitable a.仁爱的,慈爱的 shelter n.遮蔽处;保护vt.庇护;躲避【例】 a homele shelter收容所【派】sheltered a.遮蔽的,受庇护的 hazard n.危害vt.冒风险,试着做【例】 hazard one’s life冒生命危险【派】hazardous a.危险的,冒险的

第14篇:新东方四级高频词汇

需要辨析的:

1.call off(取消、放弃) 和 call up(召集、唤起) 2.adapt to 和 adopt

3.arise 和 arouse 4.count on = rely on 5.cope with = deal with

6.no doubt 和 in doubt 7.employee 和 employer 8.general 和 generous

9.instant 和 constant 10.lie(及物) 和 lay(不及物) 11.regulate 和 regular

12.supply(有目的提供) 和 offer(无目的提供)

语法:(分值小)

1. 虚拟语气:

表示建议的几个词:wish, would rather, had rather;

it is time that + 过去式;

it is high time that + 过去式;

but for、lest、as if、as though、would、should、could、might +动词原型。

2. 非谓语动词:

最常考:不定式 表示主动、将来,通常爱做后置定语;

其次考:分词 现在分词表示主动进行,过去分词表示被动完成。通常做状语。

再次考:动名词 动词名词化,做主语和宾语。

3. 时态:

按出题可能性大小依次为:将来完成时,过去完成时,现在完成进行时,现在完成时,一般现在时。

4. 语态:

肯定考被动。

作文:(肯定是议论文、最有冲刺性)

什么样的英雄是你心目中的英雄 (有可能出)

适合才是找工作的关键 (有可能出)

学校点名有没有必要

谈一下你对atm机的看法 (有可能出)

防盗门窗有没有用

你对打折的看法

演讲稿的开头致欢迎词

独生子女的利弊

你怎么看待电视购物,电子购物

网络的利弊 ----------------------------(最有可能!)

阅读:

必考体裁:

1。美国文化生活实文

提示:1。friend,关于友谊;2。家庭,父母,养父母;3。“死亡”话题,安乐死;4。美国经济问题

2。教育学

提示:1。imitation(模仿);2。中美教育差别;3。选专业,找工作

3。自然学科

提示:读什么选什么。*只要有 all 或only 的选项就排除。

出题原则:

1. 转折原则:出现but、however肯定出题;

2. 原因原则:出现because、reason、witse(由于)、be due to(由于)肯定出题;

3. 比较原则:在读文章时,遇到比较原则的特征词做出标记,以便定位;

题干当中出现特征词,回原文定位时,必须有相同或类似的说法出现;

要是选项中出现了特征词,如果要选,原文中必须有出处,但通常无出处,所以常排除。

特征词:best、first、last、no、all、none、primally、best、always、never、main、more„than„.

as„.as„.、only、sole、unique

4.例证原则:例子本身不重,所支持的观点、论断最重要。

做题技巧:

------细节题:

1. 文章议论顺序和出题顺序一致;

2. 从题干中寻找典型的特征词回原文中定位;

常用定位词:时间,地点,人名,特征名词及其定语

3. 从选项当中寻找一个与所定位内容意思最接近的作为正确答案。

排除法:1。分清有无,2。分清强弱,3。分清主次,4。分清正反,5。分清宽窄,6。分清全偏。

* **选项中有以下几个词则排除:totally, compalatly, unlimitely.

------态度题:

永远不可能为答案的词:indifferent(漠不关心的),subject(主观的)

常选词:

乐观、赞扬:positive(支持),accurate,optimistic(乐观的)

中立: objective(客观的) 在自然科学文章中常作正确选项

neutral(中立的) 在自然科学文章中常作正确选项

悲观、批评:critical(批评的),negative,peimistic(悲观的)

出处:1。主题句,2。例证的倾向性,3,修饰语的感情色彩

------topic题(1个):

1. 文章的topic(议论对象、说明对象)必须存在于正确答案当中;

在文章中寻找topic:从前不从后,从多不从少。

2. 排除:文章所谈的细节内容和段落内容永远不可能成为答案;

3. 主题句的出处:文章首句 或 首段末句 或 二段首句。

------infer题(1—2个):

1. 基本原则:从选项当中寻找一个与原文意思最相近的作为正确答案;

2. 从选项下手,运用排除法。

------词汇和指代合在一起(出一题):

1. 指代:在文章中找到位置往前找,离它最近的名词、词组和句子;

2. 词汇:从该词附近的定语从句、同位语、同位语从句、逗号和破折号中间的插入语并列结构

四级词汇主要由:基础词汇+四级高频词汇+词组

我将会在今后的一个月内每天上传四级的高频词汇。一天记30个词汇,经过一个月的突击努力,将会使你的词汇学习更加有的放矢,词汇积累过程就会相应缩短,少走弯路,避免无效的重复。 1.alter v.改变,改动,变更 2.burst vi.,n.突然发生,爆裂

3.dispose vi.除掉;处置;解决;处理(of) 4.blast n.爆炸;气流 vi.炸,炸掉 5.consume v.消耗,耗尽

6.split v.劈开;割裂;分裂 a.裂开的 7.spit v.吐(唾液等);唾弃 8.spill v.溢出,溅出,倒出 9.slip v.滑动,滑落;忽略

10.slide v.滑动,滑落 n.滑动;滑面;幻灯片

11.bacteria n.细菌

12.breed n.种,品种 v.繁殖,产仔 13.budget n.预算 v.编预算,作安排 14.candidate n.候选人 15.campus n.校园

16.liberal a.慷慨的;丰富的;自由的 17.transform v.转变,变革;变换 18.transmit v.传播,播送;传递 19.transplant v.移植

20.transport vt.运输,运送 n.运输,运输工具 21.shift v.转移;转动;转变 22.vary v.变化,改变;使多样化 23.vanish vi.消灭,不见

24.swallow v.吞下,咽下 n.燕子 25.suspicion n.怀疑,疑心 26.suspicious a.怀疑的,可疑的

27.mild a.温暖的,暖和的;温柔的,味淡的 28.tender a.温柔的;脆弱的

29.nuisance n.损害,妨害,讨厌(的人或事物) 30.insignificant a.无意义的,无足轻重的;无价值的 31.accelerate vt.加速,促进

32.absolute a.绝对的,无条件的;完全的 33.boundary n.分界线,边界

34.brake n.刹车,制动器 v.刹住(车) 35.catalog n.目录(册) v.编目 36.vague a.模糊的,不明确的 37.vain n.徒劳,白费 38.extinct a.绝灭的,熄灭的

39.extraordinary a.不平常的,特别的,非凡的 40.extreme a.极度的,极端的 n.极端,过分 41.agent n.代理人,代理商;动因,原因 42.alcohol n.含酒精的饮料,酒精 43.appeal n./vi.呼吁,恳求 44.appreciate vt.重视,赏识,欣赏 45.approve v.赞成,同意,批准 46.stimulate vt.刺激,激励 47.acquire vt.取得,获得;学到 48.accomplish vt .完成,到达;实行

49.network n.网状物;广播网,电视网;网络 50.tide n.潮汐;潮流 51.tidy a.整洁的,整齐的

52.trace vt.追踪,找到 n.痕迹,踪迹 53.torture n./vt.拷打,折磨 54.wander vi.漫游,闲逛

55.wax n.蜡 56.weave v.织,编

57.preserve v.保护,保存,保持,维持 61.abuse v.滥用,虐待;谩骂

62.academic a.学术的;高等院校的;研究院的 63.academy n.(高等)专科院校;学会 64.battery n.电池(组) 65.barrier n.障碍;棚栏

66.cargo n.(船、飞机等装载的)货物 67.career n.生涯,职业

68.veel n.船舶;容器,器皿;血管 69.vertical a.垂直的

70.oblige v.迫使,责成;使感激 71.obscure a.阴暗,模糊

72.extent n.程度,范围,大小,限度 73.exterior n.外部,外表 a.外部的,外表的 74.external a.外部的,外表的,外面的 75.petrol n.汽油 76.petroleum n.石油

77.delay vt./n.推迟,延误,耽搁 78.decay vi.腐烂,腐朽 79.decent a.像样的,体面的 80.route n.路;路线;航线

81.ruin v.毁坏,破坏 n.毁灭,[pl.]废墟 82.sake n.缘故,理由 83.satellite n.卫星

84.scale n.大小,规模;等级;刻度 85.temple n.庙宇

86.tedious a.乏味道,单调的, 87.tend vi.易于,趋向 88.tendency n.趋向,趋势

89.ultimate a.极端的,最大的,最终的 n.极端 90.undergo v.经历,遭受

91.abundant a.丰富的,充裕的,大量的 92.adopt v.收养;采用;采纳

93.adapt vi.适应,适合;改编,改写 vt.使适应 94.bachelor n.学士,学士学位;单身汉 95.casual a.偶然的,碰巧的;临时的;非正式的 96.trap n.陷阱,圈套 v.设陷阱捕捉 97.vacant a.空的,未占用的 98.vacuum n.真空,真空吸尘器 99.oral a.口头的,口述的,口的 100.optics n.(单、复数同形)光学 101.organ n.器官,风琴

102.exce n.过分,过量,过剩 103.expel v.驱逐,开除,赶出 104.expend v.消费

105.expenditure n.支出,消费;经费 106.expense n.开销,费用

107.expensive a.花钱多的;价格高贵的 108.expand v.扩大,扩张;展开,膨胀 109.expansion n.扩大,扩充;发展,膨胀 110.private a.私人的,个人的

111.individual a.个别的,单独的 n.个人,个体 112.personal a.个人的,私人的;亲自的 114.personnel n.[总称]人员,员工;人事部门 115.the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 116.the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋 117.the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋 118.the Antarctic Ocean 南冰洋 119.grant vt.授予,同意,准予 119.grand a.宏伟大,壮丽的,重大的 120.invade v.侵入,侵略,侵袭

121.acid n.酸,酸性物质 a.酸的;尖刻的 122.acknowledge v.承认;致谢 123.balcony n.阳台 124.calculate vt.计算,核算 125.calendar n.日历,月历 126.optimistic a.乐观

127.optional a.可以任选的,非强制的 128.outstanding a.杰出的,突出的,显著的 129.export n.出口(物) v.出口,输出 130.import n.进口(物) v.进口,输入 131.impose vt.把...加强(on);采用,利用 132.religion n.宗教,宗教信仰 133.religious a.宗教的 134.victim n.牺牲品,受害者

135.video n.电视,视频 a.电视的,录像的 136.videotape n.录像磁带 v.把...录在录像带上 137.offend v.冒犯,触犯 138.bother v.打搅,麻烦 139.interfere v.干涉,干扰,妨碍 140.internal a.内部的,国内的 141.beforehand ad.预先,事先 142.racial a.人种的种族的 143.radiation n.放射物,辐射 144.radical a.根本的;激进的

145.range n.幅度,范围 v.(在某范围内)变动

146.wonder n.惊奇,奇迹 v.想知道,对...感到疑惑 147.isolate vt.使隔离,使孤立

148.iue n.问题,争论点;发行,(报刊)一期 149.hollow a.空的,中空的,空虚道 150.hook n.钩 vt.钩住 151.adequate a.适当地;足够

152.adhere vi.粘附,附着;遵守,坚持 153.ban vt.取缔,禁止 154.capture vt.俘虏,捕获

155.valid a.有效的,有根据的;正当的 156.valley n.山谷,峡谷

157.consistent a.坚固定;一致的,始终如一的 158.continuous a.继续的,连续(不断)的 159.continual a.不断地,频繁的 160.explode v.爆炸;爆发;激增 161.exploit v.剥削;利用,开采 162.explore v.勘探

163.explosion n.爆炸;爆发;激增 164.explosive a.爆炸的;极易引起争论的 165.remote a.遥远的,偏僻的 166.removal n.除去,消除 167.render vt.使得,致使

167.render 解释比较长,可要仔细体会啊!

1.render sth(for sth) ;rendersth (to sb) give sth in return,or exchange,or as sth which is due 给予某物作为报偿或用以交换;回报;归还

render homage,obedience,allegiance,etc.表示敬意、顺从、效忠等: a reward for services rendered 服务的酬金 render good for evil 以德报怨 render insult for insult 以侮辱对侮辱

render sb a service/render a service to sb 为某人服务 render help to disaster victims 向灾民提供援助 render thanks to God 感谢上帝

2.present or send in (an account)for payment 递交或开出(帐单): account rendered $50 开出50美元的帐单

3.cause (sb/sth) to be in a certain condition 使(某人[某事物])处于某种状况: rendered helple by an accident 因出事故而束手无策

Your action had rendered our contract invalid.你们的这种做法导致双方的合同失败。

4.[esp paive 尤用于被动语态] give a performance of (music,a play,a character.etc);give a portrayal of (sb/sth)in painting,etc.演奏(音乐);演出(戏剧);扮演(角色);以绘画等表现(某人[某物]): The piano solo was well rendered.那支钢琴独奏曲弹得真好。 'Othello' was rendered rather poorly.《奥赛罗》这出戏演得不好。

The artist had rendered her gentle smile perfectly.该艺术家把她那温柔的笑容表现得惟妙惟肖。 5.render sth (into sth) expre sth in another language;translate sth.翻译某事物: How would you render 'bon voyage' (into English)? 'bon voyage'怎么翻译(成英语)?

Rendering poetry into other language is difficult.翻译诗歌是很困难的。

6.cover (stone or brick) with a first layer of plaster 在(石或砖)上抹灰泥打底: render walls 在墙上抹底灰

7.(习语)render an zccount of oneself,one's behaviour,etc explain or justify what one has said,done,etc.为自己的言行等作解释或辩护.8.render sth down: make (eg fat,lard) liquid by heating it; melt sth down 将(脂肪、猪油等)熬成油;熔化某物。render sth up:hand over or surrender sth;yield sth.移交或交出某物;放弃某事物: render up a fort,town,etc to the enemy 放弃要塞、城市等被敌人占领 (fig比喻) He rendered up his soul to God,ie died.他魂归天国了 168.precaution n.预防,防备,警惕 169.idle a.懒散的,无所事事的 170.identify vt.认出,鉴定 171.identify n.身份;个性,特性 172.poverty n.贫穷

173.resistant a.(to)抵抗的,抗...的,耐...的 174.resolve vt.解决;决定,决意 175.barrel n.桶

176.bargain n.便宜货 vi.讨价还价 177.coarse a.粗的,粗糙的,粗劣的 178.coach n.教练;长途公共汽车 179.code n.准则,法规,密码 180.coil n.线圈 v.卷,盘绕

181.adult n.成年人 182.advertise v.为...做广告 183.advertisement n.广告 184.agency n.代理商,经销商

185.focus v.(使)聚集 n.焦点,中心,聚焦 186.forbid vt.不许,禁止 187.debate n./v.辩论,争论 188.debt n.欠债 189.decade n.十年

190.enclose vt.围住;把...装入信封 191.encounter vt./n.遭遇,遭到 192.globe n.地球,世界;地球仪 193.global a.全球的;总的 194.scan vt.细看;扫描;浏览 195.scandal n.丑事,丑闻 196.significance n.意义;重要性 197.subsequent a.随后的,后来的 198.virtue n.美德,优点

199.virtual a.实际上的,事实上的

200.orient vt.使适应,(to,toward)使朝向 n.东方 201.portion n.一部分

202.target n.目标,靶子 vt.瞄准

203.portable a.手提式的 204.decline v.拒绝,谢绝;下降 205.illusion n.错觉

206.likelihood n.可能,可能性 207.stripe n.条纹

208.emphasize vt.强调,着重 209.emotion n.情感,感情

210.emotional a.感情的,情绪(上)的

211.awful a.极坏的,威严的,可怕的 212.awkward a.笨拙的,棘手的 213.clue n.线索,提示 214.collision n.碰撞,冲突 215.device n.装置,设备 216.devise vt.发明,策划,想出 217.inevitable a.不可避免的 218.naval a.海军的 219.navigation n.航行

220.neceity n.必需品;必要性 221.previous a.先,前,以前的

222.provision n.[pl.]给养,口粮;准备,设备,装置 223.pursue vt.追逐;追求;从事,进行 224.stale a.不新鲜的,陈腐的 225.substitute n.代用品 vt.代替 226.deserve vt.应受,应得,值得 227.discrimination n.歧视;辨别力 228.profeional a.职业的,专门的 229.secure a.安全的,可靠的 230.security n.安全,保障 231.scratch v./n.抓,搔,扒 232.talent n.才能,天资;人才 233.insurance n.保险,保险费 234.insure vt.给...保险,保证,确保 235.neverthele ad.仍然,然而,不过 236.neutral a.中立的,中性的

237.spot n.地点;斑点 vt.认出,发现;玷污 238.spray v.喷,(使)溅散

239.medium a.中等的,适中的 n.媒介物,新闻媒介 240.media n.新闻传媒 241.auxiliary a.辅助的,备用的 242.automatic a.自动的 243.compete vi.竞争,比赛

244.competent a.有能力的,能胜任的 245.competition n.竞争,比赛 246.distribute vt.分发

247.disturb vt.打搅,妨碍 248.infer v.推论,推断

249.integrate v.(into,with)(使)成为一体,(使)合并 250.moist a.潮湿 251.moisture n.潮湿 252.promote vt.促进;提升 253.region n.地区;范围;幅度 254.register v./n.登记,注册 255.stable a.稳定的

256.sophisticated a.老于世故的,老练的;很复杂的 257.splendid a.极好的,壮丽的,辉煌的 258.cancel vt.取消,废除 259.variable a.易变的,可变的 260.prospect n.前景,前途;景象 261.prosperity n.兴旺,繁荣 262.aspect n.方面;朝向;面貌 263.cope vi.(with)(成功地)应付,处理 264.core n.果心,核心

265.maintain vt.维持,保持;坚持,主张 266.mainland n.大陆

267.discipline n.纪律;惩罚;学科

268.domestic a.本国的,国内的;家用的;家庭的 269.constant a.不变的,恒定的 n.常数

270.cliff n.悬崖,峭壁

271.authority n.权威;当局 272.audio a.听觉 273.attitude n.态度

274.community n.社区,社会

275.commit vt.犯(错误,罪行等),干(坏事等) 276.comment n./vt.评论 277.distinguish vt.区分,辨别 278.distre n.痛苦,悲伤 vt.使痛苦 279.facility n.[pl.] 设备,设施;便利,方便

280.faculty n.能力,技能;系,学科,学院;全体教员 281.mixture n.混合,混合物 282.mood n.心情,情绪;语气 283.moral a.道德上的,有道德的 284.prominent a.突出的 285.substance n.物质;实质

286.substantial a.可观的;牢固的;实质的 287.prompt vt.促使 a.敏捷的,及时的 288.vivid a.生动的

289.vocabulary n.词汇(量);词汇表

290.venture n.风险投资,风险项目 v.冒险;取于

291.version n.版本,译本;说法 292.waist n.腰,腰部 293.weld v./n.焊接 294.yawn vi.打哈欠

295.yield vi.(to)屈服于;让出,放弃 n.产量 296.zone n.地区,区域 297.strategy n.战略,策略

298.strategic a.战略(上)的,关键的 299.tense a.紧张的 v.拉紧 n.时态 300.tension n.紧张(状态),张力

301.avenue n.林荫道,大街

302.available a.现成可用的;可得到的 303.comparable a.(with,to)可比较的,类似的 304.comparative a.比较的,相对的 305.dash vi.猛冲,飞奔 306.data n.数据,资料 307.dive vi.跳水,潜水

308.diverse a.不同的,多种多样的 309.entitle vt.给...权利,给...资格 310.regulate vt.管理,调节

311.release vt./n.释放,排放;解释解脱 312.exaggerate v.夸大,夸张 313.evil a.邪恶的,坏的 314.shrink vi.起皱,收缩;退缩 315.subtract v.减(去) 316.suburb n.市郊 317.subway n.地铁

318.survey n./vt.调查,勘测 319.wealthy a.富裕的 320.adjust v.调整,调节 321.attach vt.系,贴;使附属

322.profit n.利润,益处;v.有益于,有利于 323.profitable a.有利可图的 324.slope n.斜坡,斜面 325.reinforce vt.增强,加强 326.reject vt.拒绝

327.fatal a.致命的;重大的 328.fate n.命运

329.humble a.谦逊的;谦虚的 330.illegal a.不合法的,非法的

331.award vt.授予,判给 n.奖品,奖金 332.aware a.意识到

333.column n.柱,圆柱;栏,专栏 334.comedy n.喜剧

335.dumb a.哑的;沉默的 336.dump vt.倾卸,倾倒 337.deaf a.聋的;不愿听的 338.decorate vt.装饰,装璜

339.principal a.最重要的 n.负责人,校长 340.principle n.原则,原理 341.prior a.优先的,在前的 342.priority n.优先,重点 343.prohibit vt.禁止,不准

344.remarkable a.值得注意的,异常的,非凡的 345.remedy n./vt.补救,医治,治疗 346.repetition n.重复,反复 347.vain a.徒劳的,无效的

348.undertake vt.承担,着手做;同意,答应 349.unique a.唯一的,独特的 350.obstacle n.障碍(物),妨碍 351.odd a.奇特的,古怪的;奇数的 352.omit vt.省略

353.opponent n.敌手,对手 354.opportunity n.机会,时机 355.orchestra n.管弦乐队 356.semester n.学期;半年 357.semiconductor n.半导体 358.seminar n.研讨会

359.terminal a.末端的,极限的 n.终点 360.territory n.领土

361.approximate a.大概的,大约 v.近似 362.arbitrary a.随意的,未断的 363.architect n.建筑师 364.architecture n.建筑学 365.biology n.生物学 366.geography n.地理(学) 367.geology n.地质学 368.geometry n.几何(学) 369.arichmetic n.算术 370.algebra n.代数

371.entertainment n.娱乐;招待,款待 372.enthusiasm n.热情,热心

373.entry n.进入,入口处;参赛的人(或物) 374.enviroment n.环境 375.episode n.插曲,片段 376.equation n.方程(式) 377.restrain vt.阻止,抑制 378.restraint n.抑制,限制

379.resume v.(中断后)重新开始 380.severe a.严重的 381.sexual a.性的

382.simplicity n.简单;朴素 383.simplify vt.简化 384.sorrow n.悲哀,悲痛

385.stuff n.原料,材料 vt.填进,塞满 386.temporary a.暂时的,临时的 387.temptation n.诱惑,引诱 388.terror n.恐怖 389.thrust v.挤,推,插 390.treaty n.条约,协定

391.arise vi.产生,出现,发生;起身 392.arouse vt.引起,激起;唤醒 393.burden n.重担,负荷 394.bureau n.局,办事处

395.marveous a.奇迹般的,惊人的 396.maive a.大的,大量的,大块的 397.mature a.成熟的

398.maximum a.最高的,最大的 399.minimum a.最低的,最小的 400.nonsense n.胡说,冒失的行动 401.nuclear a.核子的,核能的 402.nucleus n.核 403.retail n./v./ad.零售 404.retain vt.保留,保持 405.restrict vt.限制,约束

406.sponsor n.发起者,主办者 vt.发起,主办,资助 407.spur n./vt.刺激,激励 408.triumph n.胜利,成功 409.tuition n.学费

410.twist vt.使缠绕;转动;扭歪 411.undergraduate n.大学肄业生 412.universal a.普遍的,通用的;宇宙的 413.universe n.宇宙

414.via prep.经由,经过,通过 415.vibrate v.振动,摇摆 416.virus n.病毒 417.voluntary a.自愿的

418.volunteer n.志愿者 v.自愿(做) 419.vote v.选举 n.选票

420.wagon n.四轮马车,铁路货车

421.appoint vt.任命,委派

422.approach v.靠近,接近n.途径,方式

423.appropriate a.适当的 424.bunch n.群,伙;束,串

425.bundle n.捆,包,束 vt.收集,归拢 426.ceremony n.典礼,仪式 427.chaos n.混乱,紊乱 428.discount n.(价格)折扣 429.display n./vt.陈列,展览 430.equivalent a.相等的 a.相等物 431.erect a.竖直的 v.建造,竖立 432.fax n./vt.传真

433.ferfile a.肥沃的;多产的 434.fertilizer n.肥料 435.grateful a.感激的 436.gratitude n.感激 437.horror n.恐怖 438.horrible a.可怕的

439.Internet n.国际互联网,因特网 440.interpret v.翻译,解释 441.interpretation n.解释,说明 442.jungle n.丛林,密林 443.knot n.结 vt.把...打成结 444.leak v.漏,渗出 445.lean vi.倾斜,倚,靠 446.leap vi.跳跃 447.modify vt.修改 448.nylon n.尼龙 449.onion n.洋葱 450.powder n.粉末

451.applicable a.可应用的,适当的 452.applicant n.申请人 453.breadth n.宽度

454.conservation n.保存,保护 455.conservative a.保守的

456.parallel n.平行线;可相比拟的事物 457.paion n.激情,热情 458.paive a.被动的,消极的 459.pat v./n.轻拍,轻打 460.peak n.山峰,顶点 461.phenomenon n.现象

462.reluctant a.不情愿的,勉强的 463.rely vi.(on ,upon)依赖,指望 464.relevant a.有关的,切题的 465.reliable a.可靠的

466.relief n.轻松,宽慰;减轻

467.reputation n.名气,声誉 468.rescue vt./n.营救 469.triangle n.三角(形) 470.sequence n.连续;顺序 471.shallow a.浅的 472.shiver vi/n.发抖 473.shrug v./n.耸肩 474.signature n.签名

475.sincere a.诚挚的,真诚的 476.utilify n.功用,效用 477.utilise vt.利用

478.utter vt.说出 a.完全的,彻底的 479.variation n.变化,变动 480.vehicle n.交通工具,车辆

481.applause n.鼓掌,掌声 482.appliance n.器具,器械

483.consent n.准许,同意 vi (to)准许,同意 484.conquer vt.征服 485.defect n.缺点,缺陷

486.delicate a.易碎的;娇弱的;精美的 487.evolve v.演变

488.evolution n.演变,进化 489.frown v./n.皱眉 490.frustrate vt.使沮丧 491.guarantee vt./n.保证 492.guilty a.内疚的;有罪的 493.jealous a.妒忌的 494.jeans n.牛仔裤 495.liquor n.酒,烈性酒 496.liter/litre n.升 497.modest a.谦虚道 498.molecule n.分子

499.orbit n.轨道 v.(绕...)作轨道运行 500.participate v.(in)参与,参加 501.particle n.微粒

502.particularly ad.特别,尤其 503.respond vi.回答,答复;反应 504.response n.回答,答复;反应 505.sensible a.明智的

506.sensitive a.敏感到,灵敏的 507.tremble vi.颤抖

508.tremendous a.巨大的;精彩的 509.trend n.趋向,倾向 510.trial n.审讯;试验

511.apparent a.显然的,明白的 512.appetite n.胃口;欲望

513.deposit n.存款,定金 v.存放,储蓄 514.deputy n.副职,代表

515.derive vt.取得,得到;(from)起源于 516.descend v.下来,下降 517.miile n.导弹

518.miion n.使命;代表团 519.mist n.薄雾

520.noticeable a.显而易见到 521.notify vt.通知,告知 522.notion n.概念;意图,想法 523.resemble vt.像,类似于 524.reveal vt.揭露

525.revenue n.收入,岁入;税收 526.shelter n.掩蔽处;住所

527.shield n.防护物,盾 vt.保护,防护 528.vital a.重要的;致命的,生命的 529.vitally ad.极度,非常;致命地 530.urban a.城市的 531.urge vt.鼓励,激励 532.urgent a.急迫的,紧急得 533.usage n.使用,用法 534.violence n.强力,暴力 535.violent a.强暴的 536.violet a.紫色的 537.weed n.杂草,野草 538.welfare n.福利

539.whatsoever ad.(用于否定句)任何 540.whereas conj.然而,但是,尽管 541.eential a.必不可少的;本质的 542.estimate n./vt.估计,估量 543.evaluate vt.评估,评价 544.exceed vt.超过,越出 545.exceedingly ad.非常,极其 546.exclaim v.呼喊,大声说

547.exclude vt.把...排斥在外,不包括 548.exclusive a.读有的,排他的 549.excursion n.远足 550.flash vi.闪光,闪耀 551.flee vi.逃走 552.flexible a.易弯曲的

553.flock n.羊群,(鸟兽等)一群;一伙人 554.hardware n.五金器具

555.harmony n.和谐,融洽 556.haste n.急速,急忙 557.hatred n.憎恶,憎恨 558.incident n.事件,事变 559.index n.索引,标志 560.infant n.婴儿 561.infect v.传染

562.inferior a.劣等的,次的,下级的 563.infinite a.无限的 564.ingredient n.组成部分 565.inhabitant n.居民 566.jail n.监狱

567.jam n.果酱;拥挤,堵塞 568.jewel n.宝石

569.joint a.连接的;共同的 570.junior a.年少的;资历较浅的

571.laser n.激光

572.launch vt.发动,发起 573.luxury n.奢侈;奢侈品 574.magnet n.磁铁,磁体 575.male a.男性的,雄的 576.female a.女性的,雌的

577.manual a.用手的,手工做的 n.手册 578.manufacture vt./n.制造,加工 579.marine a.海的;海产的 580.mutual a.相互的 581.naked a.裸露的

582.negative a.否定的,消极的 583.neglect vt.忽视,忽略 584.origin n.起源,出身 585.oval a.椭圆形的 n.椭圆形 586.outset n.开始,开端 587.presumably ad.大概,可能 588.prevail vi.流行,盛行 589.quit v.停止

590.quotation n.引文,引语 591.recreation n.娱乐活动

592.recruit vt.招募,吸收(新成员) 593.rival n.竞争对手,敌手 594.shuttle n.梭子;航天飞机 595.skim vt.搬(去),掠过;浏览 596.sketch n.草图;梗概 597.slender a.苗条的,修长的 598.theme n.主题

599.textile n.纺织品

600.tropical a.热带的,炎热的 601.kneel vi.跪 602.label n.标签 603.merchant n.商人

604.mere a.仅仅的,只不过的;纯粹的 605.nuisance n.令人讨厌的东西(或人) 606.numerrous a.众多的,许多的 607.parade n.游行 v.列队行进 608.pants[pl.] n.长裤;内裤 609.partial a.部分的 610.paport n.护照

611.prescribe vt.开药,吩咐采用...疗法 612.primitive a.原始的,早期的 613.ridge n.脊,山脊,埂 614.ridiculous a.可笑的,荒漠的 615.ridid a.严格的;僵硬的 616.withstand vt.经受,承受

617.witne n.目击者;证据 vt.注意到;证明 618.withdraw v.收回,撤销 619.slippery a.滑的 620.smash vt.粉碎,打烂 621.snap n./vt.折断,拉断;快照 622.software n.软件 623.solar a.太阳的 624.lynar a.月的,月球的 625.submerge vi.潜入水中 626.submit vi.(to)屈服,听从 627.timber n.木材,原木 628.tiue n.组织;薄纱,手巾纸 629.title n.题目,标题

630.tone n.语气,音调631.drift vi.漂,漂流 632.drip n.滴

633.durable a.耐用的,持久的 634.duration n.持续,持续期间 635.dusk n.黄昏,薄暮 636.leather n.皮革

637.legislation n.法律,法规;立法 638.leisure n.闲暇;悠闲 639.loose a.松的,宽松的 640.loosen v.解开,放松 641.tarnest a.认真的,诚挚的 642.earthquake n.地震 643.echo n.回音,回声

644.elaborate a.精心设计的,复杂的 645.elastic n.橡皮圈(带) a.有弹性的 646.elbow n.肘 647.electron n.电子 648.volcano n.火山

649.volume n.卷,册;体积,容量 650.fatigue n.疲劳,劳累 651.faulty a.有错误的,有缺点的 652.favorable a.称赞道;有利的,顺利的 653.favorite a.特别受喜欢的 n.喜爱的人或物 654.gallery n.画廊 655.gallon n.加仑 656.gap n.间隔,差距 657.garbage n.垃圾,废物 658.gaze v.凝视,注视 659.gear n.齿轮,传动装置

660.gene n.基因661.lest conj.唯恐,免得 662.liable a.可能的,大概的; (to)易于...的 663.liberal a.自由得 664.liberty n.自由

665.licence/license n.许可证,执照 666.moisture n.潮湿

667.motivate vt.激励,激发 668.motive n.动机,目的

669.generate vt.生成,产生(光、热、电等) 670.genius n.天才,天赋 671.genuine a.真的,真诚的 672.gasoline n.汽油 673.germ n.微生物,细菌 674.gesture n.姿势,手势 675.giant a.巨大的 n.巨人,巨物 676.glimpse n.一瞥,一看 677.glory n.光荣,荣誉 678.glorious n.光荣的,极好的 679.golf n.高尔夫球运动 680.hydrogen n.氢 681.oxygen n.氧

682.hostile a.敌对的,敌意大 683.household n.家庭,户 684.hook n.钩

685.holy a.神圣地,圣洁的 686.hint n.暗示,示意 687.hestiate v.犹豫 688.highlight vt.强调,突出

689.hence ad.因此,所以;今后,从此 690.herd n.兽群,牧群

第15篇:英语四级四级高频词汇

2018年四级高频词汇

一天记30个词汇,经过一个月的突击努力,将会使你的词汇学习更加有的放矢,词汇积累过程就会相应缩短,少走弯路,避免无效的重复。 1.alter v.改变,改动,变更 2.burst vi.,n.突然发生,爆裂

3.dispose vi.除掉;处置;解决;处理(of) 4.blast n.爆炸;气流 vi.炸,炸掉 5.consume v.消耗,耗尽

6.split v.劈开;割裂;分裂 a.裂开的 7.spit v.吐(唾液等);唾弃 8.spill v.溢出,溅出,倒出 9.slip v.滑动,滑落;忽略

10.slide v.滑动,滑落 n.滑动;滑面;幻灯片

11.bacteria n.细菌

12.breed n.种,品种 v.繁殖,产仔 13.budget n.预算 v.编预算,作安排 14.candidate n.候选人 15.campus n.校园

16.liberal a.慷慨的;丰富的;自由的 17.transform v.转变,变革;变换 18.transmit v.传播,播送;传递 19.transplant v.移植

20.transport vt.运输,运送 n.运输,运输工具

21.shift v.转移;转动;转变 22.vary v.变化,改变;使多样化 23.vanish vi.消灭,不见

24.swallow v.吞下,咽下 n.燕子 25.suspicion n.怀疑,疑心

1

26.suspicious a.怀疑的,可疑的

27.mild a.温暖的,暖和的;温柔的,味淡的 28.tender a.温柔的;脆弱的

29.nuisance n.损害,妨害,讨厌(的人或事物)

30.insignificant a.无意义的,无足轻重的;无价值的

31.accelerate vt.加速,促进

32.absolute a.绝对的,无条件的;完全的 33.boundary n.分界线,边界

34.brake n.刹车,制动器 v.刹住(车) 35.catalog n.目录(册) v.编目 36.vague a.模糊的,不明确的 37.vain n.徒劳,白费 38.extinct a.绝灭的,熄灭的

39.extraordinary a.不平常的,特别的,非凡的

40.extreme a.极度的,极端的 n.极端,过分

41.agent n.代理人,代理商;动因,原因 42.alcohol n.含酒精的饮料,酒精 43.appeal n./vi.呼吁,恳求 44.appreciate vt.重视,赏识,欣赏 45.approve v.赞成,同意,批准 46.stimulate vt.刺激,激励 47.acquire vt.取得,获得;学到 48.accomplish vt .完成,到达;实行 49.network n.网状物;广播网,电视网;网络

50.tide n.潮汐;潮流 51.tidy a.整洁的,整齐的 52.trace vt.追踪,找到 n.痕迹,踪迹 53.torture n./vt.拷打,折磨 54.wander vi.漫游,闲逛 55.wax n.蜡 56.weave v.织,编

57.preserve v.保护,保存,保持,维持 61.abuse v.滥用,虐待;谩骂

62.academic a.学术的;高等院校的;研究院的

63.academy n.(高等)专科院校;学会 64.battery n.电池(组) 65.barrier n.障碍;棚栏

66.cargo n.(船、飞机等装载的)货物 67.career n.生涯,职业

68.veel n.船舶;容器,器皿;血管 69.vertical a.垂直的

70.oblige v.迫使,责成;使感激 71.obscure a.阴暗,模糊

72.extent n.程度,范围,大小,限度 73.exterior n.外部,外表 a.外部的,外表的

74.external a.外部的,外表的,外面的 75.petrol n.汽油 76.petroleum n.石油

77.delay vt./n.推迟,延误,耽搁 78.decay vi.腐烂,腐朽 79.decent a.像样的,体面的 80.route n.路;路线;航线

81.ruin v.毁坏,破坏 n.毁灭,[pl.]废墟 82.sake n.缘故,理由 83.satellite n.卫星

2

84.scale n.大小,规模;等级;刻度 85.temple n.庙宇

86.tedious a.乏味道,单调的, 87.tend vi.易于,趋向 88.tendency n.趋向,趋势

89.ultimate a.极端的,最大的,最终的 n.极端

90.undergo v.经历,遭受

91.abundant a.丰富的,充裕的,大量的 92.adopt v.收养;采用;采纳

93.adapt vi.适应,适合;改编,改写 vt.使适应

94.bachelor n.学士,学士学位;单身汉 95.casual a.偶然的,碰巧的;临时的;非正式的

96.trap n.陷阱,圈套 v.设陷阱捕捉 97.vacant a.空的,未占用的 98.vacuum n.真空,真空吸尘器 99.oral a.口头的,口述的,口的 100.optics n.(单、复数同形)光学 101.organ n.器官,风琴 102.exce n.过分,过量,过剩 103.expel v.驱逐,开除,赶出 104.expend v.消费

105.expenditure n.支出,消费;经费 106.expense n.开销,费用

107.expensive a.花钱多的;价格高贵的 108.expand v.扩大,扩张;展开,膨胀 109.expansion n.扩大,扩充;发展,膨胀 110.private a.私人的,个人的

111.individual a.个别的,单独的 n.个人,个体

112.personal a.个人的,私人的;亲自的 114.personnel n.[总称]人员,员工;人事部门

115.the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 116.the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋 117.the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋 118.the Antarctic Ocean 南冰洋 119.grant vt.授予,同意,准予 119.grand a.宏伟大,壮丽的,重大的 120.invade v.侵入,侵略,侵袭

121.acid n.酸,酸性物质 a.酸的;尖刻的 122.acknowledge v.承认;致谢 123.balcony n.阳台 124.calculate vt.计算,核算 125.calendar n.日历,月历 126.optimistic a.乐观

127.optional a.可以任选的,非强制的 128.outstanding a.杰出的,突出的,显著的 129.export n.出口(物) v.出口,输出 130.import n.进口(物) v.进口,输入 131.impose vt.把...加强(on);采用,利用 132.religion n.宗教,宗教信仰 133.religious a.宗教的 134.victim n.牺牲品,受害者

135.video n.电视,视频 a.电视的,录像的 136.videotape n.录像磁带 v.把...录在录像带上

137.offend v.冒犯,触犯 138.bother v.打搅,麻烦

139.interfere v.干涉,干扰,妨碍

3

140.internal a.内部的,国内的 141.beforehand ad.预先,事先 142.racial a.人种的种族的 143.radiation n.放射物,辐射 144.radical a.根本的;激进的

145.range n.幅度,范围 v.(在某范围内)变动

146.wonder n.惊奇,奇迹 v.想知道,对...感到疑惑

147.isolate vt.使隔离,使孤立

148.iue n.问题,争论点;发行,(报刊)一期

149.hollow a.空的,中空的,空虚道 150.hook n.钩 vt.钩住 151.adequate a.适当地;足够

152.adhere vi.粘附,附着;遵守,坚持 153.ban vt.取缔,禁止 154.capture vt.俘虏,捕获

155.valid a.有效的,有根据的;正当的 156.valley n.山谷,峡谷

157.consistent a.坚固定;一致的,始终如一的

158.continuous a.继续的,连续(不断)的 159.continual a.不断地,频繁的 160.explode v.爆炸;爆发;激增 161.exploit v.剥削;利用,开采 162.explore v.勘探

163.explosion n.爆炸;爆发;激增 164.explosive a.爆炸的;极易引起争论的 165.remote a.遥远的,偏僻的 166.removal n.除去,消除 167.render vt.使得,致使

167.render 解释比较长,可要仔细体会啊!

1.render sth(for sth) ;rendersth (to sb) give sth in return,or exchange,or as sth which is due 给予某物作为报偿或用以交换;回报;归还

render homage,obedience,allegiance,etc.表示敬意、顺从、效忠等:

a reward for services rendered 服务的酬金 render good for evil 以德报怨 render insult for insult 以侮辱对侮辱 render sb a service/render a service to sb 为某人服务

render help to disaster victims 向灾民提供援助

render thanks to God 感谢上帝

2.present or send in (an account)for payment 递交或开出(帐单):

account rendered $50 开出50美元的帐单 3.cause (sb/sth) to be in a certain condition 使(某人[某事物])处于某种状况: rendered helple by an accident 因出事故而束手无策

Your action had rendered our contract invalid.你们的这种做法导致双方的合同失败。 4.[esp paive 尤用于被动语态] give a performance of (music,a a

play,a

of

琴独奏曲弹得真好。

'Othello' was rendered rather poorly.《奥赛罗》这出戏演得不好。

The artist had rendered her gentle smile perfectly.该艺术家把她那温柔的笑容表现得惟妙惟肖。

5.render sth (into sth) expre sth in another language;translate sth.翻译某事物:

How would you render 'bon voyage' (into English)? 'bon voyage'怎么翻译(成英语)? Rendering poetry into other language is difficult.翻译诗歌是很困难的。

6.cover (stone or brick) with a first layer of plaster 在(石或砖)上抹灰泥打底: render walls 在墙上抹底灰

7.(习语)render an zccount of oneself,one's behaviour,etc explain or justify what one has said,done,etc.为自己的言行等作解释或辩护.

8.render sth down: make (eg fat,lard) liquid by heating it; melt sth down 将(脂肪、猪油等)熬成油;熔化某物。render sth up:hand over or surrender sth;yield sth.移交或交出某物;放弃某事物:

render up a fort,town,etc to the enemy 放弃要塞、城市等被敌人占领

(fig比喻) He rendered up his soul to God,ie died.他魂归天国了

168.precaution n.预防,防备,警惕 169.idle a.懒散的,无所事事的

4 character.etc);give portrayal (sb/sth)in painting,etc.演奏(音乐);演出(戏剧);扮演(角色);以绘画等表现(某人[某物]): The piano solo was well rendered.那支钢 170.identify vt.认出,鉴定 171.identify n.身份;个性,特性 172.poverty n.贫穷

173.resistant a.(to)抵抗的,抗...的,耐...的

174.resolve vt.解决;决定,决意 175.barrel n.桶

176.bargain n.便宜货 vi.讨价还价 177.coarse a.粗的,粗糙的,粗劣的 178.coach n.教练;长途公共汽车 179.code n.准则,法规,密码 180.coil n.线圈 v.卷,盘绕

181.adult n.成年人 182.advertise v.为...做广告 183.advertisement n.广告 184.agency n.代理商,经销商

185.focus v.(使)聚集 n.焦点,中心,聚焦

186.forbid vt.不许,禁止 187.debate n./v.辩论,争论 188.debt n.欠债 189.decade n.十年

190.enclose vt.围住;把...装入信封 191.encounter vt./n.遭遇,遭到 192.globe n.地球,世界;地球仪 193.global a.全球的;总的 194.scan vt.细看;扫描;浏览 195.scandal n.丑事,丑闻 196.significance n.意义;重要性 197.subsequent a.随后的,后来的 198.virtue n.美德,优点

5

199.virtual a.实际上的,事实上的

200.orient vt.使适应,(to,toward)使朝向 n.东方

201.portion n.一部分

202.target n.目标,靶子 vt.瞄准 203.portable a.手提式的 204.decline v.拒绝,谢绝;下降 205.illusion n.错觉

206.likelihood n.可能,可能性 207.stripe n.条纹

208.emphasize vt.强调,着重 209.emotion n.情感,感情

210.emotional a.感情的,情绪(上)的

211.awful a.极坏的,威严的,可怕的 212.awkward a.笨拙的,棘手的 213.clue n.线索,提示 214.collision n.碰撞,冲突 215.device n.装置,设备 216.devise vt.发明,策划,想出 217.inevitable a.不可避免的 218.naval a.海军的 219.navigation n.航行

220.neceity n.必需品;必要性 221.previous a.先,前,以前的

222.provision n.[pl.]给养,口粮;准备,设备,装置

223.pursue vt.追逐;追求;从事,进行 224.stale a.不新鲜的,陈腐的 225.substitute n.代用品 vt.代替 226.deserve vt.应受,应得,值得 227.discrimination n.歧视;辨别力 228.profeional a.职业的,专门的 229.secure a.安全的,可靠的 230.security n.安全,保障 231.scratch v./n.抓,搔,扒 232.talent n.才能,天资;人才 233.insurance n.保险,保险费 234.insure vt.给...保险,保证,确保 235.neverthele ad.仍然,然而,不过 236.neutral a.中立的,中性的

237.spot n.地点;斑点 vt.认出,发现;玷污

238.spray v.喷,(使)溅散

239.medium a.中等的,适中的 n.媒介物,新闻媒介

240.media n.新闻传媒

241.auxiliary a.辅助的,备用的 242.automatic a.自动的 243.compete vi.竞争,比赛

244.competent a.有能力的,能胜任的 245.competition n.竞争,比赛 246.distribute vt.分发 247.disturb vt.打搅,妨碍 248.infer v.推论,推断

249.integrate v.(into,with)(使)成为一体,(使)合并

250.moist a.潮湿 251.moisture n.潮湿 252.promote vt.促进;提升 253.region n.地区;范围;幅度 254.register v./n.登记,注册 255.stable a.稳定的

6

256.sophisticated a.老于世故的,老练的;很复杂的

257.splendid a.极好的,壮丽的,辉煌的 258.cancel vt.取消,废除 259.variable a.易变的,可变的 260.prospect n.前景,前途;景象 261.prosperity n.兴旺,繁荣 262.aspect n.方面;朝向;面貌

263.cope vi.(with)(成功地)应付,处理 264.core n.果心,核心

265.maintain vt.维持,保持;坚持,主张 266.mainland n.大陆

267.discipline n.纪律;惩罚;学科 268.domestic a.本国的,国内的;家用的;家庭的

269.constant a.不变的,恒定的 n.常数

270.cliff n.悬崖,峭壁

271.authority n.权威;当局 272.audio a.听觉 273.attitude n.态度

274.community n.社区,社会

275.commit vt.犯(错误,罪行等),干(坏事等)

276.comment n./vt.评论 277.distinguish vt.区分,辨别 278.distre n.痛苦,悲伤 vt.使痛苦 279.facility n.[pl.] 设备,设施;便利,方便 280.faculty n.能力,技能;系,学科,学院;全体教员

281.mixture n.混合,混合物 282.mood n.心情,情绪;语气 283.moral a.道德上的,有道德的 284.prominent a.突出的 285.substance n.物质;实质

286.substantial a.可观的;牢固的;实质的 287.prompt vt.促使 a.敏捷的,及时的 288.vivid a.生动的

289.vocabulary n.词汇(量);词汇表

311.release vt./n.释放,排放;解释解脱 312.exaggerate v.夸大,夸张 313.evil a.邪恶的,坏的 314.shrink vi.起皱,收缩;退缩 315.subtract v.减(去) 316.suburb n.市郊 317.subway n.地铁

290.venture n.风险投资,风险项目 v.冒险;318.survey n./vt.调查,勘测 取于

291.version n.版本,译本;说法 292.waist n.腰,腰部 293.weld v./n.焊接 294.yawn vi.打哈欠

295.yield vi.(to)屈服于;让出,放弃 n.产量

296.zone n.地区,区域 297.strategy n.战略,策略

298.strategic a.战略(上)的,关键的 299.tense a.紧张的 v.拉紧 n.时态 300.tension n.紧张(状态),张力

301.avenue n.林荫道,大街

302.available a.现成可用的;可得到的 303.comparable a.(with,to)可比较的,类似的

304.comparative a.比较的,相对的 305.dash vi.猛冲,飞奔 306.data n.数据,资料 307.dive vi.跳水,潜水

308.diverse a.不同的,多种多样的 309.entitle vt.给...权利,给...资格 310.regulate vt.管理,调节

7

319.wealthy a.富裕的 320.adjust v.调整,调节 321.attach vt.系,贴;使附属

322.profit n.利润,益处;v.有益于,有利于

323.profitable a.有利可图的 324.slope n.斜坡,斜面 325.reinforce vt.增强,加强 326.reject vt.拒绝

327.fatal a.致命的;重大的 328.fate n.命运

329.humble a.谦逊的;谦虚的 330.illegal a.不合法的,非法的

331.award vt.授予,判给 n.奖品,奖金 332.aware a.意识到

333.column n.柱,圆柱;栏,专栏 334.comedy n.喜剧 335.dumb a.哑的;沉默的 336.dump vt.倾卸,倾倒 337.deaf a.聋的;不愿听的 338.decorate vt.装饰,装璜

339.principal a.最重要的 n.负责人,校长 340.principle n.原则,原理 341.prior a.优先的,在前的 342.priority n.优先,重点 343.prohibit vt.禁止,不准

344.remarkable a.值得注意的,异常的,非凡的

345.remedy n./vt.补救,医治,治疗 346.repetition n.重复,反复 347.vain a.徒劳的,无效的

348.undertake vt.承担,着手做;同意,答应

349.unique a.唯一的,独特的 350.obstacle n.障碍(物),妨碍 351.odd a.奇特的,古怪的;奇数的 352.omit vt.省略

353.opponent n.敌手,对手 354.opportunity n.机会,时机 355.orchestra n.管弦乐队 356.semester n.学期;半年 357.semiconductor n.半导体 358.seminar n.研讨会

359.terminal a.末端的,极限的 n.终点 360.territory n.领土

361.approximate a.大概的,大约 v.近似 362.arbitrary a.随意的,未断的 363.architect n.建筑师 364.architecture n.建筑学 365.biology n.生物学 366.geography n.地理(学) 367.geology n.地质学 368.geometry n.几何(学) 369.arichmetic n.算术

8

370.algebra n.代数

371.entertainment n.娱乐;招待,款待 372.enthusiasm n.热情,热心

373.entry n.进入,入口处;参赛的人(或物) 374.enviroment n.环境 375.episode n.插曲,片段 376.equation n.方程(式) 377.restrain vt.阻止,抑制 378.restraint n.抑制,限制 379.resume v.(中断后)重新开始 380.severe a.严重的 381.sexual a.性的

382.simplicity n.简单;朴素 383.simplify vt.简化 384.sorrow n.悲哀,悲痛

385.stuff n.原料,材料 vt.填进,塞满 386.temporary a.暂时的,临时的 387.temptation n.诱惑,引诱 388.terror n.恐怖 389.thrust v.挤,推,插 390.treaty n.条约,协定

391.arise vi.产生,出现,发生;起身 392.arouse vt.引起,激起;唤醒 393.burden n.重担,负荷 394.bureau n.局,办事处

395.marveous a.奇迹般的,惊人的 396.maive a.大的,大量的,大块的 397.mature a.成熟的

398.maximum a.最高的,最大的 399.minimum a.最低的,最小的 400.nonsense n.胡说,冒失的行动 401.nuclear a.核子的,核能的 402.nucleus n.核 403.retail n./v./ad.零售 404.retain vt.保留,保持 405.restrict vt.限制,约束

406.sponsor n.发起者,主办者 vt.发起,主办,资助

407.spur n./vt.刺激,激励 408.triumph n.胜利,成功 409.tuition n.学费

410.twist vt.使缠绕;转动;扭歪 411.undergraduate n.大学肄业生 412.universal a.普遍的,通用的;宇宙的 413.universe n.宇宙

414.via prep.经由,经过,通过 415.vibrate v.振动,摇摆 416.virus n.病毒 417.voluntary a.自愿的

418.volunteer n.志愿者 v.自愿(做) 419.vote v.选举 n.选票

420.wagon n.四轮马车,铁路货车

421.appoint vt.任命,委派

422.approach v.靠近,接近n.途径,方式 423.appropriate a.适当的 424.bunch n.群,伙;束,串

425.bundle n.捆,包,束 vt.收集,归拢 426.ceremony n.典礼,仪式 427.chaos n.混乱,紊乱 428.discount n.(价格)折扣 429.display n./vt.陈列,展览 430.equivalent a.相等的 a.相等物

9

431.erect a.竖直的 v.建造,竖立 432.fax n./vt.传真

433.ferfile a.肥沃的;多产的 434.fertilizer n.肥料 435.grateful a.感激的 436.gratitude n.感激 437.horror n.恐怖 438.horrible a.可怕的

439.Internet n.国际互联网,因特网 440.interpret v.翻译,解释 441.interpretation n.解释,说明 442.jungle n.丛林,密林 443.knot n.结 vt.把...打成结 444.leak v.漏,渗出 445.lean vi.倾斜,倚,靠 446.leap vi.跳跃 447.modify vt.修改 448.nylon n.尼龙 449.onion n.洋葱 450.powder n.粉末

451.applicable a.可应用的,适当的 452.applicant n.申请人 453.breadth n.宽度

454.conservation n.保存,保护 455.conservative a.保守的

456.parallel n.平行线;可相比拟的事物 457.paion n.激情,热情 458.paive a.被动的,消极的 459.pat v./n.轻拍,轻打 460.peak n.山峰,顶点 461.phenomenon n.现象 462.reluctant a.不情愿的,勉强的 463.rely vi.(on ,upon)依赖,指望 464.relevant a.有关的,切题的 465.reliable a.可靠的 466.relief n.轻松,宽慰;减轻 467.reputation n.名气,声誉 468.rescue vt./n.营救 469.triangle n.三角(形) 470.sequence n.连续;顺序 471.shallow a.浅的 472.shiver vi/n.发抖 473.shrug v./n.耸肩 474.signature n.签名 475.sincere a.诚挚的,真诚的 476.utilify n.功用,效用 477.utilise vt.利用

478.utter vt.说出 a.完全的,彻底的 479.variation n.变化,变动 480.vehicle n.交通工具,车辆

481.applause n.鼓掌,掌声 482.appliance n.器具,器械

483.consent n.准许,同意 vi (to)准许,同意

484.conquer vt.征服 485.defect n.缺点,缺陷

486.delicate a.易碎的;娇弱的;精美的487.evolve v.演变

488.evolution n.演变,进化 489.frown v./n.皱眉 490.frustrate vt.使沮丧 491.guarantee vt./n.保证

492.guilty a.内疚的;有罪的 493.jealous a.妒忌的 494.jeans n.牛仔裤 495.liquor n.酒,烈性酒 496.liter/litre n.升 497.modest a.谦虚道 498.molecule n.分子

499.orbit n.轨道 v.(绕...)作轨道运行 500.participate v.(in)参与,参加 501.particle n.微粒

502.particularly ad.特别,尤其 503.respond vi.回答,答复;反应 504.response n.回答,答复;反应 505.sensible a.明智的

506.sensitive a.敏感到,灵敏的 507.tremble vi.颤抖

508.tremendous a.巨大的;精彩的 509.trend n.趋向,倾向 510.trial n.审讯;试验

511.apparent a.显然的,明白的 512.appetite n.胃口;欲望

513.deposit n.存款,定金 v.存放,储蓄 514.deputy n.副职,代表

515.derive vt.取得,得到;(from)起源于516.descend v.下来,下降 517.miile n.导弹

518.miion n.使命;代表团 519.mist n.薄雾

520.noticeable a.显而易见到 521.notify vt.通知,告知 522.notion n.概念;意图,想法

523.resemble vt.像,类似于 524.reveal vt.揭露

525.revenue n.收入,岁入;税收 526.shelter n.掩蔽处;住所

527.shield n.防护物,盾 vt.保护,防护 528.vital a.重要的;致命的,生命的 529.vitally ad.极度,非常;致命地 530.urban a.城市的 531.urge vt.鼓励,激励 532.urgent a.急迫的,紧急得 533.usage n.使用,用法 534.violence n.强力,暴力 535.violent a.强暴的 536.violet a.紫色的 537.weed n.杂草,野草 538.welfare n.福利

539.whatsoever ad.(用于否定句)任何 540.whereas conj.然而,但是,尽管 541.eential a.必不可少的;本质的 542.estimate n./vt.估计,估量 543.evaluate vt.评估,评价 544.exceed vt.超过,越出 545.exceedingly ad.非常,极其 546.exclaim v.呼喊,大声说

547.exclude vt.把...排斥在外,不包括 548.exclusive a.读有的,排他的 549.excursion n.远足 550.flash vi.闪光,闪耀 551.flee vi.逃走 552.flexible a.易弯曲的

553.flock n.羊群,(鸟兽等)一群;一伙人

554.hardware n.五金器具 555.harmony n.和谐,融洽 556.haste n.急速,急忙 557.hatred n.憎恶,憎恨 558.incident n.事件,事变 559.index n.索引,标志 560.infant n.婴儿 561.infect v.传染

562.inferior a.劣等的,次的,下级的 563.infinite a.无限的 564.ingredient n.组成部分 565.inhabitant n.居民 566.jail n.监狱

567.jam n.果酱;拥挤,堵塞 568.jewel n.宝石

569.joint a.连接的;共同的 570.junior a.年少的;资历较浅的

571.laser n.激光

572.launch vt.发动,发起 573.luxury n.奢侈;奢侈品 574.magnet n.磁铁,磁体 575.male a.男性的,雄的 576.female a.女性的,雌的

577.manual a.用手的,手工做的 n.手册578.manufacture vt./n.制造,加工 579.marine a.海的;海产的 580.mutual a.相互的 581.naked a.裸露的

582.negative a.否定的,消极的 583.neglect vt.忽视,忽略 584.origin n.起源,出身

585.oval a.椭圆形的 n.椭圆形 586.outset n.开始,开端 587.presumably ad.大概,可能 588.prevail vi.流行,盛行 589.quit v.停止

590.quotation n.引文,引语 591.recreation n.娱乐活动

592.recruit vt.招募,吸收(新成员) 593.rival n.竞争对手,敌手 594.shuttle n.梭子;航天飞机 595.skim vt.搬(去),掠过;浏览 596.sketch n.草图;梗概 597.slender a.苗条的,修长的 598.theme n.主题 599.textile n.纺织品

600.tropical a.热带的,炎热的 601.kneel vi.跪 602.label n.标签 603.merchant n.商人

604.mere a.仅仅的,只不过的;纯粹的 605.nuisance n.令人讨厌的东西(或人)606.numerrous a.众多的,许多的 607.parade n.游行 v.列队行进 608.pants[pl.] n.长裤;内裤 609.partial a.部分的 610.paport n.护照

611.prescribe vt.开药,吩咐采用...疗法 612.primitive a.原始的,早期的 613.ridge n.脊,山脊,埂 614.ridiculous a.可笑的,荒漠的 615.ridid a.严格的;僵硬的

616.withstand vt.经受,承受

617.witne n.目击者;证据 vt.注意到;证明

618.withdraw v.收回,撤销 619.slippery a.滑的 620.smash vt.粉碎,打烂 621.snap n./vt.折断,拉断;快照 622.software n.软件 623.solar a.太阳的 624.lynar a.月的,月球的 625.submerge vi.潜入水中 626.submit vi.(to)屈服,听从 627.timber n.木材,原木 628.tiue n.组织;薄纱,手巾纸 629.title n.题目,标题

630.tone n.语气,音调631.drift vi.漂,漂流

632.drip n.滴

633.durable a.耐用的,持久的 634.duration n.持续,持续期间 635.dusk n.黄昏,薄暮 636.leather n.皮革

637.legislation n.法律,法规;立法 638.leisure n.闲暇;悠闲 639.loose a.松的,宽松的 640.loosen v.解开,放松 641.tarnest a.认真的,诚挚的 642.earthquake n.地震 643.echo n.回音,回声

644.elaborate a.精心设计的,复杂的 645.elastic n.橡皮圈(带) a.有弹性的

646.elbow n.肘 647.electron n.电子 648.volcano n.火山

649.volume n.卷,册;体积,容量 650.fatigue n.疲劳,劳累 651.faulty a.有错误的,有缺点的 652.favorable a.称赞道;有利的,顺利的 653.favorite a.特别受喜欢的 n.喜爱的人或物

654.gallery n.画廊 655.gallon n.加仑 656.gap n.间隔,差距 657.garbage n.垃圾,废物 658.gaze v.凝视,注视 659.gear n.齿轮,传动装置

660.gene n.基因661.lest conj.唯恐,免得

662.liable a.可能的,大概的; (to)易于...的

663.liberal a.自由得 664.liberty n.自由

665.licence/license n.许可证,执照 666.moisture n.潮湿

667.motivate vt.激励,激发 668.motive n.动机,目的

669.generate vt.生成,产生(光、热、电等) 670.genius n.天才,天赋 671.genuine a.真的,真诚的 672.gasoline n.汽油 673.germ n.微生物,细菌 674.gesture n.姿势,手势

13

675.giant a.巨大的 n.巨人,巨物 676.glimpse n.一瞥,一看 677.glory n.光荣,荣誉 678.glorious n.光荣的,极好的 679.golf n.高尔夫球运动 680.hydrogen n.氢 681.oxygen n.氧

682.hostile a.敌对的,敌意大 683.household n.家庭,户 684.hook n.钩

685.holy a.神圣地,圣洁的 686.hint n.暗示,示意 687.hestiate v.犹豫 688.highlight vt.强调,突出

689.hence ad.因此,所以;今后,从此 690.herd n.兽群,牧群

第16篇:10天大学英语四级核心词汇Day3——重点已做标注

10天搞定大学英语四级核心词汇:Day3 大家在前两天的学习中,一定有了较大的进步,也会对词的前后缀也有了很好的感性认识,那让我们来系统地学习一下词的构词法,特别要注意一下词的前后缀,将这件背单词的利器拿到手!同时,为了更好的帮助大家理解前后缀我们特意设置了前后缀卡片,建议大家将其撕下,在背单词时随时对照。

大家都知道,工欲善其事,必先利其器,我们背单词的利器就是构词法知识。同时,在四级考试大纲中明确写到,学生应根据构词法知识知道一些词的衍生词。所以我们在第一天学习英语中主要的三种构词法:

第一是合成法,例raincoat(雨衣)是由rain和coat组成。这样的词汇在英文中占很大的比重,所以在记忆单词的时候首先要看这个单词是否是合成词,如果是合成词只需要将其拆开,这样原本要的记上许多个不同字母的单词成了两个部分,记起来就非常省力。

第二是转化法,例如:水water,但在water the flower中却成了浇水的意思从名词转化成了动词。这正是许多同学在阅读时认识句子中的每一个单词却不知道句子意思的原因,即词性发生了变化。因此,在背单词中要有意识地注意词的这种变化,一个单词是否有意思相近的几个词性。

第三是派生法,就是通过加前缀和后缀改变单词的意思或词性。这是我们要掌握的重点,掌握这些前后缀是十分必要的,能够使你迅速提高词汇量。此外,掌握了这些前后缀及其构词原理,还能够使我们举一反三,有助于理解和学习一些新的词汇,相应地也就扩大了我们的词汇量。

前缀(Prefixes)一般不造成词类的转变,而只是引起意思上的变化

请大家先来看这些大家很熟悉的词

① honest ② like ③ able ④ poible ⑤ legal

⑥ ever ⑦ sense ⑧ moral ⑨ regular

现在让我们把他们的词义 变成相反的词义

① dishonest ② dislike ③ unable ④ impoible ⑤ illegal

① 不诚实 ② 不喜欢 ③ 不能,不能的,不会的 ④ 不可能的,⑤ 违法的,不合规定的

⑥ never ⑦ nonsense ⑧ immoral ⑨ irregular

⑥ 决不,从未 ⑦ 胡说,废话 ⑧ 不道德的 ⑨ 不规则的

常见的前缀

一、表示否定意义的前缀

un- 不 做相反动作 dis- 不 做相反动作 in- 不

im- 不 ir- 不 il- 不 non- 不,非

【猜 一 猜】① unhappy ② untrue ③ undre ④ undo ⑤ disagree(ment) ⑥ disown

⑦ disinfect ⑧ non-existent ⑨ non-conductor

【key】① 不高兴 ② 不真实 ③ 暴露,使卸去装饰 ④ 解开,松开 ⑤ 不一致,不适合(争执,争论) ⑥ 否认 ⑦ 消毒 ⑧ 不存在的 ⑨ 绝缘体

二、表示前,先前意义的前缀

husband

ex-husband(前夫)

see

foresee(预知,预见)

history

prehistory(史前时期)

claim

proclaim(宣告,宣布)

看完这单词的对比大家一定知道这一组前缀 主要是表示前,先前,预先

F 前缀ex-,汉语意思是“先前”,它主要是和表示“人”的名词搭配。

例如:ex-minister—former minister(前任大使)

F 前缀fore-,汉语意思是“先前的”、“在前面的”,它可以加在某些动词和名词前面。例如:foretell预言

F 前缀pre-,汉语意思是“在„„前”,它主要是加在名词前面,也和少量的形容词、动词搭配。

F 前缀pro-,汉语意思是“向前,在前,预先”,可以和名词、动词、形容词搭配。

例如:propelling(向前推进的)

【猜 一 猜】① ex-president ② forecast ③ forecourt ④ forehead ⑤ foreground ⑥ preadult ⑦ preannounce ⑧ precook ⑨ preface

【key】① 前任总统 ② 预见,预测 ③ 前院,(篮球)前(场)球 ④ 前额,(任何事物的)前部 ⑤ 前景,最显著的位置 ⑥ 成年前的 ⑦ 预告,事先宣告 ⑧ 预煮,预先烹调(食物) ⑨ 前言

三、表示错误的,不良意义的前缀

spell

mipell拼错

treat

maltreat虐待,滥用

根据前面单词的比较我们能得出

F mis- 错误地 mal- 不良的

【猜 一 猜】① misinform ② malfunction

【key】① 告诉错误的消息 ② 故障

四、表示空间位置、方向关系的前缀

请大家熟记下面的顺口溜 里in(im,inter, intro)外out。上over(super,up)下sub(under)。前pro(pre)后post。还有中间是medi(med,mid)。

前缀 意义 例词

F in-,im- 表示“向内,在内,背于” inside里面;import进口

inter-,intel- 表示“在„„间,相互” international国际的;internet互联网

intro- 表示“向内,在内,内侧” introduce介绍

en- 表示“在内,进入” encage 关在笼中,把„关起来

F out- 表示“在上面,在外部,在外”outline 大纲,轮廓,略图;outside 外面

ex-,ec-,es- 表示“外部,外” exit,出口;expand 扩张,张开,发展

extra- 表示“额外” extraction提取

F up- 表示“向上,向上面,在上” upward在上面地,向上地;uphold 支持,

赞成

over- 表示“在上面,在外部,向上”overlook 俯瞰,耸出;overhead 在头上

的,高架的

super-,sur- 表示“在„„之上” superficial 表面的,肤浅的;surface 表面,

外表,水面

F under- 表示“在„„下面,下的” underline 在„下面划线;underground 地下

的,地面下的

sub-, sup-, suf- 表示“在下面,下” subway 地道,地铁;submarine潜水艇,

潜艇;adj.水下的,海底的;suffix 后缀

de- 表示“在下,向下” descend下来,下降;degrade(使)降级

F post- 表示“向后,在后边,次” postscript附言

F medi-, med-, mid- 表示“中,中间” midnight 午夜

【猜 一 猜】① inland ② interaction, ③ uphill ④ superstructure ⑤ overboard ⑥ underwater ⑦ export ⑧ suppre ⑨ midday

【key】① 内陆 ② 相互作用 ③ 上坡 ④ (建筑物,铁路等的)上部构造,上层建筑 ⑤ 自船上落下,在船外 ⑥ 在水下的,在水中的 ⑦ 出口货,输出,出口 ⑧ 镇压,抑制,查禁,制止 ⑨ 中午

五、其他重要的前缀

前缀 意义 例词

micro- 微型,缩微 microfilm缩微拍摄;microcomputer微型(电子)计算机

mini- 特小的 minibus小型公共汽车;miniskirt迷你短裙,超短裙

uni- 单一 uniform统一的,相同的

semi- 半 semi-official 半官方的

vice- 副 vice-chairman副主席,副议长;vice-president.副总裁,副校长

counter- 反 counteract抵消,中和,阻碍;counter-clockwise逆时针方向

anti- 反(对),防 anti-tank反坦克的

over- 过于 overdo做得过分过度,做作;over-insurance 溢额保险,保额过高的保险

under- 不够 underfeed未给予足量食物;under-part 腹部,附属地位

trans- 跨越,转移 transplant移植,移种;transform转换,改变

post- 在„„之后的 post-acceleration后加速 post-modern 后现代主义的,

后现代派的

super- 超级,上层 superman超人;supermarket超级市场

tele- 远距离的 telephone电话;television电视,电视机

self- 自动,自我 self-service自助式销售

re- 重新 retell重讲;rewrite重写,改写

co- 共同 co-operation 合作

常见的后缀

后缀多是在词性上对单词进行改变。

一、常用的构成名词的后缀

1.表示人的 后缀

F -er 表示“从事某种职业的人,某地区,地方的人”

thinker 思想者

eye-opener 使人惊奇的事物,大开眼界的事物

-eer 表示“从事于„„的人”

engineer 工程师,技师 profiteer 奸商

-ee 表示“动作承受者”

employee 雇用 trainee 练习生,新兵

F -or 表示“从事某种职业的人”

actor男演员,行动者,参与者 sailor海员,水手

F -e表示“女性人称名词”

hoste女主人,女房东 actre女演员

F -ist表示“从事„的研究者,信仰„的主义者”

scientist科学家 dentist牙科医生

-ian表示“精通者,„„家”

musician音乐家 physician医师,内科医师

-ese表示“„„国人,„„地方的人”

Chinese中国人,Japanese日本人

-ant表示“具有„„职责的人”

contestant竞争者,争论者 dependant(=dependent)侍从

2.表示“性质,状态,程度”的名词后缀

F -ne 表示“性质,状态,程度”

illne疾病,生病happine幸福,快乐

F -ment 表示“行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果”

movement运动,动作 government政府,内阁,政治,政体

F -(a)tion表示“行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果”

dictation听写,口述 repetition重复,循环

F -ion表示“行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果”

expansion扩充,开展 discuion讨论

F -hood表示“人和事物的总和,集合含义”

childhood 孩童时期 likelihood 可能,可能性

F -age表示“人和事物的总和,集合含义”

shortage不足,缺乏 marriage结婚,婚姻

F -dom表示“人和事物的总和,集合含义”

kingdom王国 freedom自由,自主

F -ty表示“相像,类似”的含义

safety 安全,保险 penalty处罚,罚款

-ity表示“相像,类似”的含义

activity活跃,活动性 reality真实,事实,

-y表示“相像,类似”的含义

difficulty困难,难点 discovery发现,发明的东西

3.其他名词后缀

F -ism 表示“„„主义” heroism英雄主义 optimism乐观,乐观主义

F -ing 表示“动作的过程结果” learning学习feeling触觉,知觉 painting绘画,油画

F -ship 表示“情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” friendship友谊,友好

hardship困苦,艰难,辛苦

F -ure 表示“情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” pleasure愉快,快乐 failure失败,失败者

F -th 表示“情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” truth事实,确实 health健康

F -al 表示“情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” refusal拒绝,推却 arrival到来,到达

F -ance 表示“情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” acceptance接受,承诺

aistance协助,援助

F -ence 表示“情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” difference差异,差别

reference提及,涉及

F -ry 表示“情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” bribery行贿,受贿

slavery奴隶身份,奴隶制度

F -ate 表示“情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” doctorate博士头衔 electorate选民,选区

F -ette 表示“小” cigarette香烟,纸烟 kitchenette小厨房

F -let 表示“小” booklet小册子 leaflet传单

二、常用的构成形容词的后缀

F -ful表示“充分的”含义

useful有用的,有益的 grateful感激的,感谢的

F -ish表示“充分的”含义

childish孩子气的,幼稚的 Swedish瑞典的

F -ive 表示“充分的”含义

active积极的,能起作用的 collective集体的

F -ous表示“充分的”含义

famous著名的,出名的 continuous连续的,持续的

F -ent 表示“充分的”含义

different不同的 consistent一致的,调和的

F -able带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义

acceptable可接受的,合意的 agreeable使人愉快的,惬意的

F -ible带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义

sensible有感觉的,明智的 contemptible可鄙的

F -ic带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义

realistic现实(主义)的 historic历史上著名的,有历史性的

F -ant带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义

significant有意义的,重要的 defiant挑战的,挑衅的

F -ary带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义

imaginary假想的,想象的 secondary假想的,想像的

F -ly表示“相像,类似”的含义

friendly友好的,友谊的 lively活泼的,活跃的

F -y表示“相像,类似”的含义

rainy下雨的,多雨的 thirsty口渴的,渴望的

F -some表示“相像,类似”的含义

troublesome麻烦的,讨厌的 lonesome寂寞的

F -like表示“相像,类似”的含义

childlike孩子似的,天真烂漫的 womanlike像女人的,女人似的

F - en表示由某种物质形成,制成或生产的含义

wooden木制的 golden金色的,金黄色的

其他形容词后缀

F -al continual连续的,频繁的 exceptional例外的,异常的

F -ed landed拥有土地的,有田地的 moneyed有钱的(作定语用)

F -ate fortunate幸运的,幸福的 collegiate学院的

F -an European欧洲的,欧洲人的 American美国的,美洲的

F -le 表示“否定” carele粗心的,疏忽的 homele无家的,无家可归的

三、构成动词、副词和数词的后缀

动词后缀

后缀 含义 例词

-ize 表示“做成,变成,„„化” realize 认识到,了解,modernize 使现代化

-en “使成为,引起,使有” widen 加宽,放宽, hasten 催促,赶紧

-ify “使„„化,使成” simplify 单一化,简单化 beautify 美化

-ate “成为„„,处理,作用” activate 刺激,使活动 motivate 激发

副词后缀

后缀 例词

–ly really 真正地,实在地 happily 幸福地,愉快地

-ward backward 向后地(的),相反地 homeward 在归途上地,向家地

-wise likewise 同样地,照样地 clockwise 顺时针方向地

数词后缀

后缀 例词

-teen fourteen 十四 fifteen 十五

-ty forty 四十 fifty 五十

-th ninth 第九 twelfth 第十二

请同学们在记忆前后缀的基础上,在背单词时多加练习,注意观察单词的构成,使自己具备词感,更加快速有效的记忆单词。

前缀卡片

否定,不,表否定 un- dis- in- 前,先前,预先 ex- pre- pro-

im- ir- il- 向内,在内,在„间 in- im- inter-

错误的 mis- 不良的 mal- intel- intro- en-

在上面,在外部,额外 out- ex- ec- es- 向上,在上面,在„„之上 over- super- sur-

在„下面,下的,向下 under- sub- sup- extra- up-

suf- de- 在中间,中间的 medi- med- mid-

微型,缩微 micro- 单一 uni-

特小的 mini- 副 vice-

半 semi- 反(对),防 anti-

反 counter- 不够,在„„下 under-

过于 over- 超级,上层 super-

跨越,转移 trans- 自动,自我 self-

远距离的 tele- 共同 co-

重新 re-

后缀卡片

名词后缀:

表示“人的” -er -eer -ee -or -e -ist -ian -ese -ant

表示“性质,状态,程度” -ne -ment -(a)tion -ion

表示“人和事物的总和,集合含义” -hood -age -dom

表示“相像,类似”的含义 -ty -ity -y

表示“„„主义” -ism

表示“动作的过程结果” -ing

表示“情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” -ship 形容词后缀:

表示“充分的”含义 -ful -ish -ive -ous -ent 表示“属性,倾向,相关” -able -ible -ic -ant -ary 表示“相像,类似”的含义 -ly -y -some -like 表示由“某种物质形成,制成或生产的含义” -en 其他形容词后缀 -al -ed -ate -an 此外还有构成动词、副词和数词的后缀: 动词后缀 -ize -en -ify 副词后缀 -ly -ward -wise 数词后缀 -teen -ty -th

第17篇:英语专业四级听力新闻词汇

英语四级新闻听力词汇汇编

一.国际事务:

negotiations,delegate,delegation,summit 峰会 charter n.特许状, 执照, 宪章

pledge n.诺言, 保证, 誓言, 抵押, 信物, 保人, 祝愿

vt.许诺, 保证, 使发誓, 抵押, 典当, 举杯祝„„健康 vt.特许, 发给特许执照 promote peace 促进和平

boost economic co-op 加强经济合作 make conceion/compromise 作出妥协 pa a resolution 通过决议

sanction n.核准, 制裁, 处罚, 约束力

vt.制定制裁规则, 认可, 核准, 同意 default n.违约, 不履行责任, 缺席, 默认值 vt.疏怠职责, 缺席, 拖欠, 默认 vi.疏怠职责, 缺席, 拖欠, 默认 veto a bill 否决议案

break the deadlock 打破僵局

a scientific breakthrough 科学突破 an unexpected outcome 出乎意料的结果

sign/ratify an accord/deal/treaty/pact/agreement 签署协议 diplomatically isolated country 在外交上被孤立的国家 diplomatic solutions 外交解决方案 hot spot 热点

take hostilities toward.....对„„采取敌对态度 ethnic cleansing 种族排斥 refugee,illegal aliens 非法移民 mediator 调解员

national convention 国民大会 fight corruption 反腐败

corrupted election 腐败的选举 peace proce 和平进程 give a boost to...促进

booming economy 促进经济发展 mutual benefits/interests 双赢

Defense Minister,evacuate,flee from Pentagon 五角大楼 impose/break a deadline 规定/打破最后期限 retaliate 报复

banking reform 金融改革 commiioner 代表 go bankrupt 破产

file for bankruptcy 提出破产 deputy 代表

external forces 外部力量

1 speculate,disarmament agreement 裁军协议 mandate,to lift a boycott 取消禁令

withdraw,embargo,impose sanctions against...实施制裁 dismantle 销毁

the implementation of an accord 执行决议

to ease the ban on ivory trade 缓解对象牙贸易的禁令 to harbor sb.保护

animal conservation 动物保护

threatened/endangered species 濒危物种 illegal poaching 非法捕猎 face extinction 濒临灭亡

Gallup/opinion/exit poll,survey 民意调查 stand trial 受审

put...on trial 审判某人

sue,file suit against...状告 radioactive 放射性 radiation 辐射

uranium enrichment program 铀浓缩计划 nuke nonproliferation 核部扩散

suspect,arrest,detain,in custody 被囚禁 on human rights abuse charges 反人权罪名 HIV positive HIV阳性

malaria,diabetes,hypertension,lung cancer,breast cancer fight poverty/starvation/hunger/disease/virus,stop the spread of...crack down on...严打

illegal drug trafficking 毒品贩运 piracy,pirated products 盗版产品 fake goods 假货 notorious 臭名昭著

bloody tyrant 血腥独裁者 execute/execution 处决 death penalty 死刑

seminar,forum,peace conference,national convention,his counterpart 同等级别的人

my predeceor/succeor 我的前任/后任 二.战争军事:

military option 军事解决途径(动用武力) escalating tension 逐步升级的局势 military coupe 军事政变

forced from office 被赶下台 step down/aside 下台

on the brink of war 处于战争边缘

rebels,wounded,killed,injury,death,casualties 伤亡 heavy fighting 激战

2 genocide 种族灭绝

relief effort 救济工作

humanitarian aid 人道主义援助

broker/mediate a ceasefire/truce 促成停火 end the bloodshed 结束流血事件 special envoy 特使

peace-keeping forces 维和部队 guerrilla war 游击战争 border dispute 边境争端 armed conflict 武装冲突 reconciliation 调解 civil war 内战

cruise miile 巡航导弹

come to a conclusion 达成一致 coalition forces 联合军队 on high alert 处于高级戒备状态 rebellion 叛乱 rebel forces 叛军

sensitive,hostage,kidnapped French nationals 被绑架的法国人 rescue,release invade,US-led invasion 美国领导的入侵 right-wing extremists 右翼极端分子 warring factions 交战各方

topple the government 推翻政府 suicide bombing 自杀性袭击事件

dispute,crisis,conflict,holy war 圣战

administration,regime,claim responsibility for...声称负责 suspend 停止 resume 继续

coalition party 联合政党

post-war reconstruction 战后重建 pre-war intelligence 战前情报 radar, espionage 谍报 spying activity 间谍行为 electronic warfare 电子战争

chemical/biological/nuclear warfare 化学/生物/核战争

三. 地震类:

新闻发布会: pre conference 汶川地震:Wenchuan Earthquake 大地震:the maive earthquake 8.0级地震:the 8.0- magnitude earthquake 地震灾区:quake-hit area/ quake-stricken area 重灾区:the worst-hit area 震中:epicenter 余震:aftershock

3 地震灾民:quake victim 人民解放军:People\'s Liberation Army soldier 武警:armed police 消防官兵:fire-fighter 医务工作者:medical worker 救援者:rescuer 救援队:rescue team 伤者:the injured 失踪者:the miing 废墟:debris/ruin 卫生:sanitation\\hygiene 黄金72小时:golden 72 hours 温总理:Premier Wen 联合国秘书长:UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon 红十字会:the Red Cro 医疗队:medical team 资金和物资:funds and material 可移动医院:mobile hospital 死亡人数:death toll 与时间赛跑:race against time 生命线:lifeline 民政部:the Ministry of Civil Affairs 国务院信息办:the Information Office of the State Counsil 中央台记者:CCTV correspondent 沙特阿拉伯:Saudi Arabia 中国大使馆:Chinese Embay 外交使节:envoy 降半旗:Flags are to be kept at half-mast.默哀:mourn 哀悼:condolence 人道主义援助:humanitarian aid 救济工作:relief work 捐赠:donate 咨询热线:consultation hotline 疏散:evacuate 堰塞湖:barrier lake/quake lake 重建:rebuild 震后重建:post-quake reconstruction 尽快进行重建工作:carry out reconstruction as soon as poible 复原:rehabilitation 帐篷小学:camp primary school 复课:resume claes 建立DNA数据库:build DNA database 火葬:cremate

4 阻止疫情:prevent epidemic 文化遗产:culture heritage 大熊猫:giant panda 四. 奥运类:

国际奥林匹克委员会 International Olympic Committee 中国奥委会 Chinese Olympic Committee the Olympic flame 奥运圣火 奥运会选拔赛 Olympic Trial 奥运会会歌 Olympic Anthem 奥运火炬 Olympic Torch 奥运会代表团 Olympic Delegation 奥运村 Olympic Village 组委会 organization committee 开幕式 opening ceremony 闭幕式 closing ceremony 吉祥物 mascot 颁奖台 podium a crown of olive branches 橄榄枝编成的头冠 a record-holder 记录保持者

a team gold medal 一枚团体金牌 an Olympic medal 奥运金牌

Olympics opening ceremonies 奥运会开幕式 event 比赛项目

prance with the national flag 挥舞着国旗而雀跃 spectator 观众

a team bus 运动员专车

the gold / silver/ bronze medalist 金/ 银/ 铜牌获得者 Aquatics(水上运动) Archery(射箭)

Individual events 个人赛 Team events 团体赛 Athletics(田径) Track 径赛

Cycling(自行车) gymnastics 击剑:Fencing 射击: shooting

五. 经济类:

financial crisis 金融危机 Federal Reserve 美联储 real estate 房地产 share 股票

inflation deflation

5 stock market 股市 shareholder 股东

macroeconomic 宏观经济 go under\\bankrupt 破产 pension fund 养老基金 government bond 政府债券 budget 预算

deficit 赤字 surplus intellectual property 知识产权 opportunistic practice 投机行为 entrepreneur 企业家 cook the book 做假帐 fluctuate 波动 merger 并购

pickup in price 物价上涨 CPI monetary policy 货币政策 foreign exchange 外汇 quote 报价 contract 合同

floating rate 浮动利率

venture capital 风险资本(VC) global corporation 跨国公司 consolidation 兼并 take over 收购 on the hook 被套住 六.常见新闻缩写词:

1、组织机构等专有名称 UNESCO=United Nations Educational, Scientific And Cultural Organization(联合国教科文组织)

IMF=International Monetary Fund(国际货币基金组织) ASEAN=Aociation Of Southeast Asian Nations(东南亚国家联盟;“东盟”) GATT=General Agreement On Tariffs And Trade(关贸总协定) WTO=World Trade Organization(世界贸易组织) OPE=Organization Of Petroleum Exporting Countries(石油输出国组织;“欧佩克”)

PLO=Palestine Liberation Organization(巴勒斯坦解放组织;“巴解”) IOC=International Olympic Committee(国际奥林匹克委员会)

NASA=National Aeronautics And Space Administration[(美国)国家宇航局] WHO=World Health Organization(世界卫生组织)

NASA= National Aeronautics and Space Administration 美国国家航空航天局

2、常见事物的名称,如上述例句中的aids (艾滋病)。又如: UFO=Unidentified Flying Object(不明飞行物;“飞碟”) DJI=Dow-Jones Index(道?琼斯指数)

6 PC=Personal Computer(个人电脑)

ABM=Anti-Ballistic Miile(反弹道导弹) PT=Public Relations(公共关系)

SALT=Strategic Arms Limitation Talks(限制战略武器会谈) SDI=Strategic Defence Initiative(战略防御措施)

3、表示人们的职业、职务或职称的名词,如 Mp(议员)。又如: PM=Prime Minister(总理;首相) GM=General Manager(总经理)

VIP=Very Important Person(贵宾;要人) TP=Traffic Policeman(交通警察) PA=Personal Aistant(私人助理)

第18篇:四级考试之场景词汇

重点场景词汇短语分析

一、机场(飞机上) 重点

1.机场地点

Security check(安检处) Gate(登机口) Terminal (航站楼)

Check-in counter (换票柜台) Customs (海关)

2.机场人物

Airhoste/stewarde (空姐) steward (空哥、空少) flight attendant (飞机乘务员)

3.飞机动作

Take off/land (起飞、降落) ascend/descend(上升、下降)

postpone/delay/cancel (推迟、延迟、取消)

最近题目例句:(2007-12)

I hope you are packed and ready to leave.(我希望你已经打包完毕准备出发了)I have packed my paport in one of my bags.(我把护照装在一个包里了)

二、餐厅 重点

1.点菜:

Order menu wine list (酒单) alcohol steak French Fries (薯条)

2.埋单:

Check the bill please!(埋单!) Treat (请客) split the bill (分开付)

三、酒店 次重点

最新考点(2007-6/12)

Reservation (高频词,预定) honeymoon suite (07年6月词汇,蜜月套间)

hotel clerk (07年6月词汇,等于receptionist) discount (07年6月词汇, 折扣)free continental breakfast (07年6月词汇,免费的清淡早餐)

四、图书馆 重点

1.书籍:journal 学术类刊物 (08-6)

原句:did you check the pile of the journals you borrowed for the library the other day?(你查过那一摞头几天从图书馆借来的学刊了么?)

volume 卷 current/back iue 现/过刊 periodical 期刊

2.人物:librarian 图书管理员

五:Campus life 校园生活

1.作业词汇:aignment paper eays book/research report composition 作文

textbook教科书/reference book参考书(07-6) copy 副本

搭配词汇还有:be through with sth 结束,完成(两次考到)

due 到期 have sb's hands full with sth 忙于做某事(07-12)

2.课程形式词汇:

Seminar(06-

6、07年6月词汇,研讨会) 原句: do you have the seminar schedule with you?(你有研讨会的日程表么?)

optional course/elective (选修课)

compulsory course/requirement (必修课) presentation (多次考到,展示或演示课)3 名称

freshman(大一) sophomore(大二) junior(大三) senior(大四)(05年考点)

graduate(毕业生) undergraduate (在校生,本科生) postgraduate (研究生)

tutor(导师) graduate school (研究生院)

Job hunting 求职 (长对话重点)

Job applicant candidate (06-

6、08-12 候选人) apply for application

Position/post (多次考到。职位) resume (简历,注意发音,多次考到)

recruit (连续考到。招聘)

benefit (package) (福利,两次考到) paid vacation (带薪假期)

social security (美国的社会保险) relocation expenses (异地补偿费用)

phased retirement (08-12 阶段性退休)

hotel consultant (08-6 酒店咨询) sales manager(08-12 销售经理)

Administrative work (08-12 行政工作)

听力场景高频词汇

1.学校场景的背景基本知识

学生场景

freshman 大一学生

sophomore 大学二年级生, 有二年经验的

junior student 大三学生

senior student 大四学生,高年级学生

undergraduate student 本科生

graduate student / postgraduate student 研究生

master's degree 硕士学位

bachelor's degree 学士学位

doctor student / doctor candidate 博士研究生

post doctor student 博士后

alumni / alumnus 校友

老师场景

profeor 教授

teaching fellow 讲师

tutor / mentor / director / super visor 导师

dean 系主任

department 系

president 校长

staff 全体员工(商店、企业)

faculty 全体教职员工

2.上课、选课、听讲座、听报告场景

take the course 选课

drop the course 退课

register 注册

sign up for the course 选课

Pick up = learn

cancel 取消

full 报满

selective course / elective course / optional course 选修课

requirement / required course / compulsory 必修课

lecture 讲座

seminar 讨论班

credit 学分

introductory course 初级课程

advanced course 高级课程

math 数学

computer course 计算机

psychology course 心理学

physics 物理学

economics 经济学

computer science 计算机科学

sociology 社会学

geology 地质学

chemistry 化学

biology 生物学

biochemistry 生物化学

science 理科

3、作业场景

homework / aignment / project

book report 读书报告

presentation 课堂发言

reading list 书单

turn in / hand in hand 上交

deadline 最后期限

due 到期

extension 延期

paper 论文 / eay 小论文

term paper 学期报告

thesis 毕业论文

proposal 开题报告

4、考试场景

Exam

mid-term exam 期中考试

final exam 期末考试

quiz 测验

pop quiz 不提前通知的考试

grade / score 分数

pa 及格

paing grade 及格分

failing grade 失败

GPA平均学分积

make up exam 补考

cheat 作弊

5、图书馆场景

shelf 书架

stack 书库

reading room 阅览室

reference room 参考书阅览室

periodical room 期刊阅览室

copier 复印机

study lounge 自习室

librarian 图书馆长, 图书管理员

catalogue 书目

index 索引

volume 卷,宗

library card 借书卡

writing permiion 书面许可

book reservation 借书

check out 外借

over due 超期

renew 续借

fine 罚款

return 还书

put on reserve 被限制在馆内阅读

magazine 杂志

journal 期刊

periodical 期刊

quarterly 季刊

current iue 现刊

back iue 过刊

latest number 最新一期

author 作者

subject 题目

title 名字

key words 关键字

lending department/ catalog/ index/ author catalog/ subject catalog/ alphabetically(按字母顺序)/ loan card(借书证)/ stacks(书库)/ overdue(过期)/ fine(罚款)/ renew(续借)/renew

补充关于天气的词汇

drizzle/sprinkler 毛毛雨/light rain 小雨 /rain /heavy rain /shower雷阵雨/downpour=rain cats and dogs/ storm

breeze/ weak wind/ wind/ strong wind/ hurricane/ typhoon台风/ twister龙卷风 /tornado龙卷风cold/ hot / freezing/ boiling/ chilly

settled/ settle down/ setting/ changeable The weather is settled.

第19篇:新东方四级词汇乱序版

《四级词汇词根+联想记忆法(乱序版)》

Word List 1 sincere 真诚的 mood 情绪 static 稳定的 senator 议员 hobby 兴趣 lad 小伙子 equip 装备 frown 蹙眉 fasten 紧抓 software 软件 stir 搅拌 distribution 分配 flexible 可调节的 solution 解决办法 panel平板 ministry 部门 supreme 最高的 describe 描述 limb 细枝

circumstance 环境

core 核心 aistant 助手 me 乱 minus 减去 statistic 统计数据 pregnant 孕妇 sector 部门 detection 侦查 statue 雕像 bride 新娘 cycle自行车 saucer 酱汁 skillful 娴熟的 civilization 文明 overhead 在头上,经费clash 碰 grant 授予 bond 绑 staff 人员

intermediate 中部的 guitar 吉他

comprehensive 综合的 presence 出席 appliance 器械 cushion 垫子 emergency 紧急情况 solve 解决 label 标签 slim 瘦的 status 地位 steady平稳的 include 包括 resistance 阻力 prime 主要的 ambaador 大使 derive 起源

sponsor 启动者,资助者proportion 比例 mental 金属 punch 打 result 导致 client 顾客 steamer 蒸汽轮船

option 选择 dormitory 寝室 attitude 态度 steep 陡的 agency 部 steer 掌舵 scandal 丑闻

Word List 2 definite 当然的 cautious 当心的 prayer 祈祷 nest 巢

domestic 本国的 chest 箱子 airline 飞机 rebel 反叛

satisfactory 令人满意的stem 主干 render 给予 object 反对

gardener 园丁 shrink 皱缩

parade 接受检阅,游行 rumour 流言 rug 小地毯 establish 建立 primarily 主要地 kindne 好意 breast 胸脯 sticky 黏的 boost 激发,促进 fund 基金

incredible 难以置信的 abroad 到国外 detective 侦探 stiff 僵硬的 stimulate 激发 fame 名望

consume 消费,消化 accelerate 加速 lightning 闪电 sting 叮,刺

bound 划界 rouse 唤醒 cultivate 培养 material 材料 personnel 人员 display 播放 particle 粒子 frog 青蛙

impreion 深刻印象biology 生物 drunk 醉的 barrier 障碍,栅栏 stock 存货 fisherman 渔夫 politician 政客 royal 王室的 barber 理发师 stocking 长袜 delegate 代表 highlight 突出 depreion 沮丧 signature 签名

atmosphere 大气 evaluate 估价 rescue 救援 personality 人格 latter 后面的 parliament 议会 input 输入 partial 部分的 loyalty 忠诚

calendar 日历,历法overlook 忽视 debate 争论 stoop 俯身

Word List 3 cube 立方体 submerge 沉入 credit 信用 surrounding 环境 stove 电炉 submit 屈服

carrier 运输工具 imply 暗示 strain 拉紧 consist 组成 strap 捆扎 efficient 有效率的 accommodation 膳宿 strategic 具有战略意义的 layer 层 exclaim 呼喊

representative 具有代表性的

forecast 预报 discipline 纪律 neutral 中性的 interpret 打断 knot 结

desirable 向往的 promote 促进 acceptance 接受 mayor 市长 equation 方程

routine 管理 ripe 成熟的 prove 证明 likewise 然而 chap 小伙子 explore 探险 overnight 整夜 strategy 策略 straw 吸管 bind 捆扎 stream 溪流 bearing 风度 suppose 假定 acce 方式,路 remain 保持 abstract 抽象 stretch 延伸 approximate估计 striking 显眼的 abuse 滥用 critic 批判 interpretation 口译

string 弦 illustrate 图示 helpful 有帮助的 leak 裂缝 accountant 会计 crude 粗野的 product 产品 strip 脱光 stripe 条纹 communicate 交流 following 接下来的 hedge 篱笆 consumer 消费者 emotional 情绪化的 craft 工艺 institute 协会

indispensable 不可缺少的scheme 计划 scale 比例 replace 代替 bark 吠叫

Word List 4 gramme 克 congre 国会 bump 碰撞 stroke 划水,中风 ingredient 成分

arbitrary 专制的,武断的pinch 撮 exploit 开发 action 行动 ash 灰 rope 绳 bulk 大宗货物 strengthen 巩固 independent 独立的 board 去国外 recall 回忆起 studio 工作室 grave 坟墓 eve 前夜 formal 正式的

absorb 吸收 sensitive 敏感的 ability 能力 fairy 小仙子 talent 天赋 comparison 比较 stuff 填 brow 眉毛 infer 推断 invasion 侵略 grand 极好的 stre 压力 journalist 记者 supply 供给 penetrate 刺入 subject 主题 pole 极 raw 原始的 embay 大使馆 carpenter 木匠 appropriate 恰当的socialist 社会学家

protein 潜在的 enlarge 扩充 inherit 继承 chemist 化学家 conflict 冲突 drain 排水

architecture 建筑学charity 慈善机构 entitle 赋予,命名 subsequent 之后的span 延长 pea 豌豆 instruct 命令,教 spite 恶意 slender 苗条的 automobile 机车 behavior 行为 envy 羡慕 substance 物质 contest 竞赛 spit 吐 mutual 互相

dorm 宿舍 substantial 丰裕的 meanwhile 同时 desire 渴望 conviction 确信

Word List 5 interaction 互相作用 menu 菜单 frustrate 使沮丧 belief 信仰 confusion 疑惑 civilize 使开化 preface 前言

chemical 化学的,化学品horizontal 水平的 invitation 请柬 auto 汽车 electric 电的 purse 钱包 blank 空

courtyard 院子 rural 乡村的 discourage 使灰心 reflection 反应 rainbow 彩虹 slide 滑 removal 移除 miing 失踪的 graph 绘图 fortnight 14天 disgust 恶心 offense 冒犯 allow 允许

proportional 成比例的devote 奉献 empire 王朝 microphone 手机 subtract 提取 pace 步伐 gesture 手势 loop 线圈

sheer 转弯,陡峭的

cupboard 橱柜 sore 疼痛 raid 突击检查 lower 降低 comment 评论 distre 使沮丧 publicity 公众注意力 spin 旋转 museum 博物馆 outstanding 杰出的 rack 痛苦,折磨 rent 租,裂缝 housing 住房 complain 抱怨 evidently 显然 lung 肺 deny 不承认 ownership 所有权 rid 使摆脱 harne 马具

acknowledge 承认,报偿paion 激情

genuine 真诚的 imaginary 想象的 prompt 准时的 invention 发明 lucky 幸运的 confidence 信心 suburb 乡村 industrialize 工业化fearful 害怕的 intelligence 智力 childhood 童年 crush 碾压 intention 意图 finding 调查

Word List 6 subway地铁 magnet 有磁性的 defect 缺点 attribute 归于 release 释放

succei on 延续,继承 chip 碎片 similar 相似的 maintain 保持 advertisement 广告 privilege 优惠 dull 枯燥的 provoke 激起 function 功能 substitute 代替 extreme 极 orbit 环绕,轨道 correspondent 通讯员 fashionable 时尚的 allowance 津贴 component 组分 interrupt 口译 succeive 延续的 external 外在的 somehow 不知怎么地 declaration 声明 distribute 分配

specialist 专家 rotate 转 rod 棒子 suck 吸吮

negative 负的,消极的 suffer 受苦 sufficient 充足的 court 庭,法庭 curl 鬈

bureau 处,所,司,部moist 潮湿的 relative 相关的 suggestion 建议 restle 多动的 delivery 分发 claim 声明 suicide 自杀 dip 蘸 profit 好处 lease 租契 disposal 放,处置 appeal 呼吁

cart 马车 stable 稳定的 married 已婚的 reckon 猜想,估计 practically 几乎 reception 招待会 jury 陪审团 glory 光荣 mist 雾

congratulate 恭喜 sum 加和 execute 执行 eay 文章 route 路径 merit 优点 local 当地的

compromise 折中,妥协rally 集会 feather 羽毛

characterize 以...为特征 explode 爆炸 aware 知道

Word List 7 grain 谷物 kettle 水壶 summarize 总结 faulty 错的 highly 很 summary 总结 conservation 保护 summit 巅峰 reward 奖励 available 有提供的 specialize 成为专家structure 结构 resident 抵抗 boundary 界线 radical 基本的 leading 重要的 rag 碎布 prescribe 开处方 demonstrate 描述

manner 礼仪 sunrise 日出 construct 构筑 railway铁路 opportunity 机会 lag 落后 fade 褪色 sunset 日落 singular 单数的 broom 扫帚 beneath 在...下面 recreation 娱乐 proceion 进程 tackle 钓具,处理combination 组合 hell 地狱 proof 证明 resort 诉诸 recruit新征 contrast 比较 sunshine 阳光 introduction 说明

ancestor 原型,祖先 split 裂 painful 痛苦的 superb 极好的 interest 兴趣,利息 noticeable 显然的 graduate 毕业 glance 瞥 bloody 血的 fierce 猛烈的 paragraph 段落 enquire 询问,调查 preparation 准备 justice 正义,公正 drip 滴 emit 发射 superficial 肤浅的 recommendation 推荐sole 底部的,单独的 folk 人们 rank 排名 motor 马达

airport 机场 enclose 随信附上 bounce 弹 occasion 情况 determine 决定 advisable 明智的 permiion 允许

Word List 8

statement 陈述,声明award 奖励 bold 粗鲁的 so-called 所谓的 superior 高级的 sunlight 阳光 alternative 二选一的 kingdom 王国 mobile 移动的 damn 诅咒 storage 贮存 supplement 补充

locate 坐落,位于 cabin 小木屋 majority 主要 receiver 收信者 support 支持 Bible 圣经 aign 分配,指派 episode 片段 fatal 致命的 pad 板 excursion 散步 ignorant 无知的 county 县 condense 压缩 heal 拯救 aet 财产 involve 包括 rear 饲养 hollow 中空的 charter 宪章 leadership 领导权 shallow 浅陋的

procedure 程序,过程 impreive 印象深刻的 controversial 有争议的 curve 转弯 spiritual 精神上的 astonish 震撼 fold 折叠 alert 警戒 condition 情况 segment 瓣 cabbage 卷心菜 condemn 谴责 mild 驯服的,温柔的 surgery 外科手术 leisure 空闲时间 accomplish 完成 plug 插头

presentation 提供,表演surplus 过剩的 caette 盒式磁带 surround 环绕 private 私人的

bulb 电灯泡 meaning 意义 annual 每年的 expansion 扩张 eliminate 消灭,取消 horn 号角 responsibility 责任 dam 大坝 challenge 挑战 alike 一样的 phenomenon 现象 survey 调查 curtain 窗帘 household 家里的 survival 幸存

Word List 9 medal 奖牌 invest 投资 survive 幸存 awkward 尴尬的

synthetic 合成的 manufacture 制造 curse 诅咒 suspect 怀疑 suspend 悬挂 tide 潮水 croing 交叉的 tour 旅行 barely 只是 cope 妥善解决 gap 沟 oppose 相对 deadline 最后期限 automatic 自动的 joint 接口;连接的 surrender 投降 rude 粗鲁的 faint 轻微的 conference 会议 iue 事物

swallow 燕子,吞咽interior 内部的

calculator 计算器 analyse 分析 hazard 危害 miracle 奇迹 sway 摇摆 editorial 编辑的 recognition 识别 librarian 图书馆长 analysis 分析 kid 小孩子,逗乐 partner 搭档 swear 发誓 center 中心 tidy 整洁的 paport 护照 swell 起伏,膨胀 link 连接

brave 勇敢的,面对swift 迅速的 prohibit 禁止 approve 允许 swing 使摇摆

ideal 理想的 arrest 逮捕,拘留 landscape 地标,风景 represent 代表 audience 听众 switch 开关 sword 剑 spot 点,看 symbol 象征 sanction 批准 bucket 木桶 poetry 诗歌 fibre 纤维 pension 退休金 beggar 乞丐 illustration 解释

liable 有义务的,易...的 bunch 束

management 管理,经营sympathize 同情 seion 会议 delicious 可口的

breeze 清风

Word List 10 imitate 模仿 infant 婴儿 sympathy 同情 advantage 优势 considerable 大量的spur 刺 religious 宗教的 banner 横幅 nylon 尼龙 exceedingly 极 symptom 症状 pillar 柱子 outcome 结果 journey 旅行,旅途 forehead 额 conscience 良心 precise 精确地 cable 缆绳

screw 螺丝,拧螺丝 gang 伙 favour 恩惠 constitute 构成 squeeze 挤 system 系统 culture 文化 miile 导弹 cast 扔,投掷 Marxist 马克思主义者 prior 预先的 dye 染料 graceful 优雅的 onion 洋葱 seal 封 saint 圣 hesitate 犹豫 crawl 爬行 contribute 贡献 fascinating 不可思议的entertainment 娱乐 cigarette 烟

immense 巨大的 outer 外太空的 revolutionary 革命的 fabric 织物 ridge 脊 ma 质量

competent 能胜任的,有能力

conclusion 结论 bang 猛击 curious 好奇的 pulse 脉搏 encounter 遇见 concern 关注,公司 preposition 介词 pond 池塘 provision 提供 reinforce 加强 systematic(al) 系统的rail 栏杆 pat 轻拍 rational 理智的

flee 逃走 response 负责任 executive 可执行的 tag 标签,名言 means 方式 nephew 外甥 motivate 目的

Word List 11 failure 失败 consistent 一致的 nowhere 无处

sympathetic 有同情心的sketch 梗概 calm 使平静 tame 驯服的 cancel 取消 pray 祈祷 target 目标 camel 骆驼 technician 技术人员

setting 背景 technique 技术 tax 税 emerge 浮出 capable 有能力的 technology 技术 selfish 自私的 definition 定义 per 每

participate 参与 tedious 冗长的 anxious 焦躁的 famine 饥荒 fundamental 基本的 plural 复数

anticipate 预感,期望teenager 青少年 compre 压缩 pepper 胡椒粉 discharge 释放 telescope 望远镜 temper 脾气

extensive 大量的 amuse 取悦

current 当前的,电流 mask 面具 musician 音乐家 temple 庙宇 decay 腐烂 criticism 批评 feedback 反馈

accordance 一致,和谐perceive 感觉,察觉 scarcely 很少 clay 粘土 intelligent 智慧的 conductor 售票员 frequency 频率 attractive 有吸引力的 garlic 大蒜 temporary 暂时的 recognize 识别 puzzle 使困惑 elevator 电梯

acquisition 获取 absolute 绝对的 frank 真诚的 hip 臀部 polish 使光滑 democratic 共和的 temptation 诱惑 disguise 恶心的 glue 胶水 solemn 肃穆的 tend 倾向 ancient 古代的 effective 有效地 channel 通道,频道

Word List 12 primitive 原始的 consent 同意 organize 组织 drama 戏剧 miserable 痛苦的

fur 皮毛 antique 古代的 replacement 代替 inner 内部的 clerk 职员 liquor 酒 presently 不久 gene 基因 security 安全 nerve 使紧张 greedy 贪婪的 eential 必不可少的 decorate 装饰 exce 超越 compare 比较 command 命令,指挥fuel 燃料 plastic 塑料的 characteristic 特征 preure 压力 nearby 附近的 environment 环境

crime 犯罪 pigeon 鸽子 cement 水泥 magnificent 壮观的 tendency 趋势 investigate 调查 infinite 无限的 painter 画家 tender 嫩的 legal 合法的 moderate 中等的 atomic 原子的 anchor 锚 mystery 神秘的 aociate 联系 reaction 反应 affect 影响 tense 使紧张 flour 面粉 comedy 喜剧 directly 直接地 collision 碰撞

absent 缺席的 critical 批评的 paw 爪子 crew 全体人员 congratulation 祝贺 interference 干涉 flesh 肉

innocent 无辜的,天真的excitement 刺激,激发 adult 成年人 enhance 增加 arrival 到达 brief 简略的 ambition 雄心,野心 outline 提纲 aeroplane 飞机 fertilizer 肥料 tension 紧张 petrol 汽油 distinguish 区别 shortcoming 短处

Word List 13 propose 求婚,提议 former 前者 consumption 消费 terminal 最终的

casual 非正式的,偶然的tough 困难的 pursue 追求 unexpected 不期的 governor 主宰者 oral 口头的 territory 版图 mere 仅仅

gro 恶心的,粗俗的 tone 口气,腔调 indication 暗示,指示 concerning 关于 embrace 拥抱,包括 numerous 无数的 launch 发射 discount 打折

maintenance 维持 incline 斜面 liberal 慷慨的 lavatory 盥洗室 marry 结婚

constitution 宪法,法规tolerate 忍受 intellectual智力上的 amateur 外行 mushroom 蘑菇 millimetre 毫米 mate 伙伴 elbow 肘 textile 织物 frame 框架 blend 弯腰

misunderstand 误解 lap 轻拍,舔 notion 概念,看法 hatred 讨厌的事 slippery 狡猾的 durable 持续的

inference 干涉 employee 雇佣工 sausage 香肠 theme 主题 colleague 同事 dramatic 引人瞩目的 patience 耐心 spacecraft 飞船 preserve 保护 import 进口 bankrupt 倒闭 cartoon 卡通 alliance 联盟 romantic 浪漫的 barrel 桶,管 theoretical 理论的 stack 垛 settle 安排 hopeful 有希望的 criminal 罪犯 insert 插入

specifically 特别地,具体地

accuse 归咎 reveal 揭露 pack 包 guilty 内疚的 payment 支付 offensive 有侵略性的

Word List 14 elect 竞选 downward 向下 liquid 液体 clue 线索 jazz 爵士 conjunction 连接 lord 王 therapy 治疗 cease 停止 variable 可变的 identity 身份

obligation 责任,义务relativity 相关性

consult 查询 anyway indirect 非直接的 agent 代理人,剂 scan 扫描 lemon 柠檬 opponent 对手 climate 气候 addition 附加 architect 建筑师 integrate 合为一体exterior 外部的 thereby 由此 therefore 所以 handful 一把 loyal 忠诚的 furthermore 而且 insurance 保险 category 种类 refine 提炼 thick 厚的 minority 少数

sorrow 悲伤 thinking 思考,见解 quiz 小测验 airplane 飞机 thirsty 渴的 objection 反对 platform平台 merchant 商人 fertile 丰产的 particularly 尤其 division 分歧 crisis 危机 thorough 完全的 forth 向前 observer 观察员 retreat 撤退 relevant 相关的 precision 精密度 admit 承认

jungle 热带雨林,丛林thoughtful 体贴的 apartment 公寓

afterward 后来 entire 整体 carbon 碳 chamber 房室 realm 领域,范围 ratio 比率 capture 俘获 baseball 棒球 boring 枯燥的 crowd 人群 sample 样品

estate 土地,财产,种植园threat 威胁 reliable 可信赖的

Word List 15 constant 不变的,常数 sustain 支持 horsepower 马力 suspicion 怀疑 prospect 景象,前景

conduct 引导 lawn 草坪 transmit 传播 pollution 污染 slip 滑到,小过错 influential 有影响的 handle 处理 threaten 威胁的 aircraft 飞船 thrive 繁荣的 harm 危害 similarly 类似地 prominent 突出的 signal 信号 encourage 鼓励 receion 衰退 commitment 委员会 monitor 监测 spark 星火 mug 大杯,打劫 absence 消失,缺席appreciate 欣赏

bean 豆子 elastic 有弹性的 presumably 大概,可能 bargain 砍价 significant 重要的 throat 喉咙 extend 延伸

comparable 比得上的 container 容器 chief 首要的 instant 片刻 thrust 刺入 thumb 大拇指 honey 甜的 enforce 强迫,实行 ease 减缓 thunder 雷电 living room 起居室 monument 纪念碑 ae 评估 panic 恐慌 blanket 毯子

drift 漂流 normally 一般地 dismi 解雇 deputy 副手 acre 英亩 contract 协议 anniversary 纪念日 mainland 大陆 expose 暴露 policy 政策 machinery 机器 exert 尽全力 collection 收藏 gasoline 汽油 dispose 处理,扔弃arouse 唤醒 rage 狂怒 inward 里面的 series 系列 roast 烤 timber 木材 reluctant 勉强的

Word List 16 license许可证 upright 笔直的 author 作者 miion 任务 growth 成长 attack 袭击 furnish 装备 pretend 假装 concentrate 集中 institution 惯例,习俗flat平的 tiue 组织 delicate 易碎的 upper 上层的 gram 克 crown 王冠 title 标题 convey 表达 mount 积累

toast 土司 tolerance 忍耐力 amongst 在...之中 slice 切 dairy 乳制品 consultant 顾问 multiply 乘 naked 裸体的 centigrade 摄氏度 measurement 测量 precaution 预防 allocate 分配 certificate 证书 agenda 议事日程 electronic 电子的 alongside 沿着 conventional 传统的topic 话题 renew 使复原 torch 火炬 clap 鼓掌

conservative 保守的

copyright 版权 establishment 建立 layout 布局,安排 auxiliary 辅助的,备用的 major 主要的 legislation 法规 moisture 湿气 nationality 国际 foundation 建立 gulf 海湾 aistance 援助 combat 争斗 exhibit 展览 donation 捐助 fragment 碎片 reverse 使倒转 apply 应用 reform 改革 generally 一般地 electron 电子 distinct 与...显著不同 priority 优先权

elementary 基本的 towel 纸巾 opera 歌剧 digital 数码的 artistic 艺术的 elderly 年长的 crack 裂缝

Word List 17 Christ 救世主 evidence 证据 naturally 自然地 mechanic 技工 trace 追踪 expand 扩张 laughter 笑声 compa 罗盘 lean 倾斜,屈身 minister 大臣 duration 持续 comprehension 综合 tractor 拖拉机 tradition 传统 compete 竞争 goodne 天啊 tragedy 悲剧 offend 侵犯 instinct 天性 retire 退休

profeional 专业的 bullet 子弹 trail 跟踪 prosperity 繁荣 pants 裤子

minor 低级的,次要的shortage 短缺 equality平等 jealous 嫉妒 dominate 占主要地位 inspect 检查 generator 发电机 lorry 卡车 cue 提示,暗号

transfer 位移 farewell 再见 revenue 收入,税收 transform 变形 hay 干草 advocate 提倡 modify 修饰 fantastic 奇妙的 complicated 复杂的 historic 历史性的 specify 详述 translation 翻译 prosperous 繁荣的 baggage 行李 pour 倾倒 transmiion 传播 obtain 获得 enthusiasm 热情 equivalent 等同的 aemble 集中 slope 倾斜 secondary 次要的

aume 假定 awful 糟糕的 proce 过程 lick 吸吮 overcome 克服 motion 示意 crucial 至关重要的 priest 神父 transparent 透明的 illegal 非法的 fancy 想象 conscious 知道的 transport 运输

Word List 18 contemporary 同时代的chill 使寒冷 breadth 宽度 flood 洪水 species 物种 neceity 必要性

scare 使惊恐 scientific 科学的 transportation 交通运输 regardle 不管 create 创造 diagram 图表 valid 有效的 copper 铜 estimate 估计 carriage 四轮马车 mat 垫子 cashier 出纳员 sensible 有感觉的 faithful 真诚的 trap 陷阱 intensity 强烈 remedy 疗法 hearing 听觉 decent 还可以的 historical 历史性的 confine 禁闭 gymnasium体育馆

academy 学院 definitely 当然 recorder 录音机 sour 酸臭的 fruitful 多产的 expectation 期望 disappear 消失 trash 垃圾 bleed 流血 carrot 胡萝卜 tray 托盘

realistic 现实可行的retain 保持 fortunately 幸运的 comb 梳子 reference 涉及 treatment 处理 powerful 有力量的 positive 正面的 owing 欠的 appoint 委任 artificial 人工的

project 任务 treaty 契约 emphasis 强调 select 挑选 tremble 颤抖 attraction 吸引力 abundant 丰富的 faith 真诚

mathematical 数学 navy 海军

tremendous 巨大的 dominant 占支配地位的proposal 建议 magnetic 有磁性的 harden 使变硬 trend 趋势 elaborate 精细的 bat 球拍,蝙蝠 triangle 三角形 literary 文学的 jail 监狱 design 设计

script 底稿,脚本

Word List 19 saddle 马鞍 lest 唯恐 creep 爬行 afford 承担 trial 审判,测验 inn 小旅店 choke 噎着 dental 牙的

council 委员会,理事会 portion 比例 lodge 旅馆 troop 军队,一群 vague 模糊的

tropical 炎热的,热带的 coil 一卷 benefit 受益

troublesome 麻烦的,讨厌

female 女性的 pose 造型 truly 真诚的 peculiar 独特的 export 出口 resume 重新开始 portrait 肖像 utter 完全 bacteria 细菌 idle 闲逛 pledge 承诺 exchange 交换 emotion 情绪 harsh 刺耳的 exposure 暴露 saving 节约

reasonable 通情达理的trumpet 唢呐 applause 鼓掌 nonsense 废话 fantasy 幻想

usage 用处 finance 财政 exaggerate 夸大 trunk 树桩 grocer 杂货店 cruise 巡游 initial 最初的 railroad 铁路 tube 管道 attain 达到 devise 设计 density 密度 tune 调子 source 源 shrug 耸肩 daylight 日光 tunnel 隧道 site 位置 turbine 涡轮机 handy 手边的 background 背景 tutor 导师

sauce 酱汁 combine 组合 pill 药 bay 湾 ceremony 典礼 formula 公式 reservior 水库 delete 删除 pump 泵 backward 向后 twist缠绕 range 范围 niece 侄女 protest 反对

Word List 20 centimetre 厘米 predict 预测 acquaintance 熟识learning 学识 spider 蜘蛛

counsel 忠告 commit 犯罪 typewriter 打字机 sin 罪过 sow 播种 companion 伙伴 destination 目的地 typical 典型的 corresponding 相关的donkey 驴子 frontier 前线 outlook 展望,前景 typist 打字员 apart 分开 additional 另外的 consequence 结果 neverthele 然而 dirt 污秽 lobby 前厅 occasional 偶然的 doubtful 怀疑的 committee 委员会

tyre 轮胎 ugly 丑陋的 parallel平行的 cooperate 合作 appetite 食欲 impose 强迫 invade 侵略 controversy 争论 confident 自信的 nursery 育婴房 fraction 部分 cabinet 橱 amid 在...之中 manufacturer 制造商independence 独立 academic 学院的 evolve 进化 exception 例外 dictation 听写 profeion 职业 authority 权利 deposit 积累

enquiry 询问 differ 区别于 argument 争论 memorial 纪念碑 faculty 系,学科 dim 昏暗的 moreover 而且 earnest 郑重其事地heroic 行英雄的 umbrella 雨伞 orchestra 管弦乐队 arithmetic 算数 basically 基本地 battery 电池 heel 脚后跟 oblige 迫使 convict 判罪 respond 负责 cite 引用,举例 discard 丢弃 grab 抢劫 deceive 欺骗

senior 高级的 modest 谦虚的 continuous 连续不断的

Word List 21 comprise 包括 revolt 反叛 expense 消耗 campus 校园 mold 霉菌 insure 保险 cash 现金 virtue 优点 violent 狂暴的 react 反应 odd 奇怪的 diverse 不同的 manual 手工的 uncover 覆盖 ban 禁止 confront 直面

undergo 经历 journal 杂志 emperor 君王

undergraduate 大学肄业生 circular 循环的 dictate 听写 inform 通知 underground 地铁 hook 钩 underline 下划线 male 雄性的 proceed 前进 hydrogen 氢 force 力 fog 雾 fluid 流体 drill 钻机

understanding 理解的 nitrogen 氮 commiion 委员会 jaw 颌 undertake 承诺

salary 工资 skilled 熟练地 aembly 集会 merry 快乐 undo 解开扣子

undoubtedly 毫无疑问地globe 全球的 uneasy 不舒服 precious 珍贵的 mosquito 蚊子 petroleum 汽油 favourable 赞同的 sightseeing 观光 economic 经济的 multiple 多重的 poverty 贫困 rely 依赖 effort 努力 accumulate 积累 cheat 欺骗 humorous 幽默的 rare 罕见的

rival 对手 echo 回声 investment 投资 collapse 倒塌 corridor 走廊 despite 不顾 pit 坑 counter 柜台 balcony 楼厅 diplomatic 外交的 cigar 雪茄 bathe 洗澡 conquer 征服 inflation 膨胀

Word List 22 thermometer 寒暑表worthwhile 值得 scenery 景色 terror 恐怖 average平均

democracy 共和 slap 掴 obstacle 障碍 occur 出现 nuisance 讨厌的人 significance 重要性 up-to-date 最新的 justify 证明...有理 neglect 无视

membership 会员身份union 联合 roller 辊压机 formation 形成 punctual 守时的 relieve 减缓 candy 糖果 spokesman 发言人 employer 雇主 unique 独特的 mathematics 数学 herd 群

cheerful 鼓舞人心的

advertise 打广告 reflexion 反射 unite 联合 secure 安全的 mineral 矿石 universal 普遍的 lane 小径 beloved 亲爱的 adapt 适应 mislead 误导 drag 拖 flash 闪 immigrant 移民 remarkable 令人惊叹的increasingly 越来越 indoor 室内的 palm 手掌 exclusive 奢侈的 namely 即 universe 宇宙 burst 爆发 preferable 更好的

filter 滤过

anyhow 不管怎么样 score 得分 qualify 满足条件 global 全球的 heave 起伏,举 unle 除非 exceive 过分的 marine 海军 behalf 利益,方面 advanced 高级的,领先的soda 苏打 unlike 不像 adjust 调整 unload 卸下 leader 领导 spelling 拼写 accordingly 一致 anxiety 焦躁 ridiculous 荒谬的 unusual 不寻常的 scholarship 奖学金

divorce 离婚 headquarters 总部 commerce 商业

Word List 23 torture 折磨 fashion 时尚 incident 小事 upset 失落

underneath 在...下面recover 恢复 theory 理论 evolution 进化 myth 神话 trim 整洁的 mud 泥浆

unfortunately 不幸地 relate 联系,相关 extraordinary 不凡的 debt 债 urge 急切做

urgent 急切的 qualification 资格 satellite 卫星 publication 出版 cliff 峭壁 restrain 克制 commander 指挥官carpet 地毯 peer 凝视 highway高速公路 breed 饲养 ensure 确保 requirement 要求 attempt 努力 flock 群

largely 很大程度上 restraint 克制 focus 集中 protective 保护性的utility 效用 jet 喷气飞机 coordinate 协调

restore 恢复 receipt 收据 contrary 相反方面 christian 基督教徒 hardware 硬件 bloom 开花 dragon 龙 specimen 标本 chew 咀嚼 utmost 极度的 original 初始的 religion 宗教 communication 交流beyond 超出 vacant 空的 conclude 做结论 restrict 阻止 respectively 分别 fairly 公平sailor 海员,水手 remark 评论 aure 使确信

balance平衡 campaign 运动,战役 psychological 心理学的 contradiction 矛盾,否定 dose 一剂 vacation 假期 immediately 立即 vacuum 真空 ore 矿石 clause 从句 cattle 牲口 barn 牲口棚 laser 激光

initiative 主动性,首创精神compel 使屈服

Word List 24 basis 基础 contact 接触 guarantee 保证 semiconductor 半导体

rib 肋骨 obvious 明显的 geometry 几何 butcher 屠夫 triumph凯旋 maid 女仆 eyesight 视力 interview 采访 vain 无劳 paste 浆糊 soak 浸泡 exceed 超越 boom 激增 item 项目 hammer 榔头 metric 米制的 jar 罐头 resource 资源 compose 创作 military 军事 package 包裹

van 货车,领导者,先驱

besides 另外 injection 注射 laboratory 实验室 vanish 消失 experimental 实验的 mysterious 神秘的 sake 缘故 keen 强烈的 vapour 蒸汽 haste 急忙 magic 魔法 poisonous 有毒的 aid 援助 coach 教练 decrease 降低 relief 缓解 continual 连续的 slight 轻微的 stare 凝视 grace 优雅 band 带,乐团

mechanical 力学的

considerate 体贴的 ditch 沟渠

ignorance 天真,无知 format 格式 correspond 相关

balloon 气球 brake 刹车 data 数据 bake 烘焙 gear 齿轮 patient 耐心的 altitude 海拔 inquiry 询问

implement 贯彻,执行remind 提醒 pint 品脱 engine 发动机 bid 叫价 scout 侦查 mould 霉菌 avenue 林荫道 instance 例子 career 事业 fountain 喷泉

Word List 25 clarify 澄清 mercy 恩惠 expreion 表示 exact 确实 decade 十年 dimension 维度

vision 视 unity 统一 vigorous 活力的 via 通过 skim 略读 severe 严重的 conquest 征服 improve 提高 variety 种类 election 选举 expert 专家 dive 跳水

various 多种多样的 rifle 来福步枪 stake 刑柱,股份 corporation 合作 vary 呈现不同 eagle 山鹰 figure 数字,人 vast 广阔的 simplify 简化 instead 替代 shell 贝壳 drawer 抽屉 quote 引号,引用 depre 使压抑 schedule 日程表 limitation 限制 disturb 打扰 cancer 癌症 accord 一致 industrial 工业的 preference 偏爱

screen 屏幕 error 错误 gratitude 毕业 slam 关门 evil 邪恶的 accent 口音 imagination 想象力 elsewhere 其余地方 champion 冠军 framework 框架 social 社会的 endure 忍受 gradual 逐渐的 sleeve 袖子

conceion 承认,许可vehicle 交通工具 register 注册 apology 道歉 luggage 行李 desperate 极渴望的 billion 十亿 venture 商业冒险

queue 队列 aside 一边 reflect 反射 beneficial 有益的 repeatedly 反复地 kindergarten 幼儿园verify 核实 reduction 减少 version 版本 implication 暗示 accustomed习惯的 helicopter 直升机 normal 普通的

Word List 26 shiver 颤抖 stadium 体育馆 grasp 抓住 economy 经济 rotten 腐烂的 dash 猛冲

recently 最近地 concept 概念 rigid 死板的 entertain 使娱乐 vertical 垂直的 veel 管道 evident 明显的 apologize 道歉 scholar 学者 costly 昂贵的 veteran 老士兵 glimpse 一瞥 finally 最终 approval 准许 judgement 判断 regulation 管理,规章cord 绳 powder 粉末 improvement 提高 remote 遥远的 provide 提供 rub 揉搓

fiction 小说 occurrence 出现 adopt 接受 navigation 航海 adventure 探险 float 漂浮 dynamic 动力学的 vibrate 振动 indifferent 冷漠的 plot 线索 horror 恶心的 fatigue 疲劳 consideration 考虑vice 堕落 notebook 笔记本 chop 劈 respect 方面 admiion 准许 disease 疾病 ignore 忽视 infect 影响 confirm 证明

harbour 港口 concrete 坚实的 organic 有机的 phase 相 previous 预先的 helple 无助的 amaze 使惊奇 despair 绝望 victim 受害者 poibility 可能性 video 视频 viewpoint 观点 erect 矗立 obey 遵守 rarely 很少地 vinegar 醋

approach 方式,达到violate 紫罗兰 distinction 显著不同 holy 神圣的 philosophy 哲学 golf 高尔夫

outward 向外的 section 部分 penalty 惩罚

Word List 27 dump 倾销 internal 内部的 installation 安装 charge 掌管,电荷criticize 批评 disorder 混乱 rocket 火箭 deert 甜点 dispute 辩论 butterfly 蝴蝶 circuit 环路 frequent 频繁的 depart 离开 lens 透镜 sigh 叹息 violence 暴力

reserve 保存 aluminium 铝 hence 所以 pine 松木 opening 开门 acid 酸 hen 母鸡 giant 巨大的 crystal 水晶,晶体 operational 可执行的racial 种族的 construction 结构 planet 行星 image 图像 blade 刀刃 physicist 物理学家 sack 麻袋 behave 行为 organism 有机体 shortly 简短地 interval 间隔 violet 紫罗兰

draught 拖拉 appointment 约定 meantime 同时 murder 谋杀 violin 小提琴

perspective 远景,透视图 laundry 洗衣房 virtual 事实上 virtually事实上 calculate 计算 confe 承认 appearance 外貌 virus 病毒

ambulance 救护车,野战队liberty 自由

consequently 因此所以 insist 坚持要求,认为 solar 太阳的 flourish 装修 correspondence 联系 pronoun 代词 property 财产

shave 剃刮 selection 选举 limited 限制的 enormous 大量的 impact 影响 visible 可见的 conceal 隐藏 earthquake 地震 curriculum 课程 feature 特点 loaf 屋顶 stain 玷污

demand 要求,需求media 媒介 comparative 相比的

Word List 28 maive 重的 ultimate 最终 extent 面积,长度 employment 雇佣

medium 居中的 urban 城市的 engineering 工程 marvelous 不可思议的 event 大事 resolve 决心 avoid 避免 respective 分别 boast 自夸 sew 缝纫 indicate 暗示 govern 掌控 visual 可视的 utilize 利用 chase 追赶 prevail 说服 pillow 枕头 packet 包 heap 堆 variation 多样性 primary 初级的 dense 密集的

outside 外面 owe 欠 interfere 干涉 burden 压力 scatter 传播,分散 starve 挨饿 simplicity 简朴 bare 裸露的 compound 化合物 orderly 有序的 resolution 决心 learned 有教养的 shelter 藏身之处 reporter 记者 profile 侧脸 shed 库棚 necearily 必要地 vitamin 维生素 reproduce 再生产 grateful 感激的 convenience 方便 vivid 生动的 outset 开始 deserve 值得

aignment 指派,分配 principal 校长 enable 使能够 refrigerator 冰箱 keyboard 键盘 poison 毒药 mill 磨坊 electrical 电的 install 安装 output 产量 ally 联盟 vocabulary 词汇 athlete 运动员 honourable 光荣的 bra 黄铜 merely 仅仅地

engage 花时间做,订婚 sphere 球,球状的 purple 小学学生 volcano 火山

decline 下降 claic 传统的 stale 腐烂的

Word List 29 liberate 自由,解放standpoint 立场 activity 活动 volt 伏特 arrange 安排 canal 运河 device 装置 voltage 电压 angle 角度 volume 容量 voluntary 志愿的 rhythm 韵律 bore 使枯燥 marriage 婚姻 bet 打赌 spade 铁锹

official 官方的 beast 野兽 drum 鼓 crash 冲撞 boot 长筒靴 charm 魅力 literature 文学 handbag 手提包 volunteer 志愿者 oval 椭圆的 glorious 光荣的 inspire 使振奋精神 protection 保护 argue 争论 cop 警察

given 规定的,给定的chapter 章节 likely 有可能的 omit 省略,遗漏 adequate 充分的 departure 分开 according 已知的

shift 改变

sophisticated 老于世故的 damp 潮湿的 fry 炸

extension 延伸 instruction 说明,引荐 aumption 假定 potential 潜在的 permanent 永久的 quit 放弃 region 地域 overseas 海外的 vote 选票 furnace 装修 wagon 四轮马车 agriculture 农业 oven 电炉 waist 腰 editor 编辑

republican 共和主义者 factor 因素 hint 暗示

waken 唤醒 plunge 骤降 applicable 适当的 wander 散步 luxury 奢侈品 loosen 松的 readily 乐意地 devil 魔鬼 border 国界 warmth 温暖 creative 创造性的 waterproof 防水的 cargo 货物 complaint 抱怨

Word List 30 explosion 爆炸 economical 节约的 progreive 进步的 residence 阻力的,抵抗的resemble 类似于

perception 感知 annoy 扰乱 whichever 不管哪个 whereas 然而 rob 打劫 recommend 推荐 pitch perform 表演 connect 连接 pilot 飞行员 vital 必不可少的 scold 训斥 intense 强烈的

horrible 恶心的,可怕的edition 版次

speculate 猜想,投机 mechanism 机制,机理 dumb 哑的 handwriting 手写 educate 教育 landlord 地主 glove 手套

第20篇:文章贯通四级词汇(中英对照)

15篇文章贯通四级词汇(中英对照) 15篇文章贯通四级词汇

1、A Question of Rights [一项权利问题] Unfortunately , a crime was about to be committed but at that moment Lesley was unaware of the impending(即将发生的,迫近的) event , which would affect her life so drastically(极端地,彻底地) for the next years .一项犯罪就要得逞了。而不幸的是,就在那时,莱斯利对即将发生的事毫无察觉。这件事将彻底改变她此后两年的生活。

For the moment at least, her holiday at the cottage had been ideal.She had spent many idle hours relaxing on the deck , reading ,eating a sandwich when she was hungry and in the evening watching the sky turn from brilliant orange to peach and finally to pale purple , eventually the light becoming dim .It was about this time that the mist would begin to rise from the cool water hiding in the dense forest that hugged(环绕,拥抱) the shoreline(海岸线).Late evening dew(露水) glistened(闪耀,反光) on every bush and soon the loons\' (潜鸟) call would resound (回响) acro the water .She decided to take on last dip in the lake.As the cool night air touched her arms.She gave a little shiver and decided it was time to move inside.至少在那个时候,她在小别墅的假期还是很惬意的。她在平台上度过了很多闲适轻松的时光,读书、饿了吃块三明治;晚上,看着天空由鲜橙色变为桃红色,然后变为淡紫色,最后光线终于黯淡下来。就在这时,薄雾开始从隐藏在环绕岸边的密林里的冷水中升起;再晚些,灌木上的露珠开始闪烁,不久,潜水鸟的叫声就会在水面上回荡起来。她决定在湖里最后再泡一会儿。当她的手臂触到夜晚凉爽的空气时,不禁有些发抖,于是她决定该是回到屋里去的时候了。

This was to be her last evening alone as Jeff, her former mate, would be returning Zac to her early in the morning.As the case in many marriages these days, problems had arisen between Lesley and Jeff, but they did not extend to Zac.He was a good kid, just entering kindergarten.The couple had come to a mutual agreement , as dictated by the legal custody(监管,保管) agreement .It stated that each parent would share Zac\'s care every second weekend and this had been her weekend to be alone.这是她在家中独处的最后一个晚上,因为她的前夫杰夫会在早上把扎克送回来。与当时许多婚姻情况一样,莱斯利和杰夫之间出现了许多问题,但并未影响到扎克。他是个好孩子,刚刚上幼儿园。他们达成了一个依法监护的协议,协议规定双亲每两个周末轮换照顾孩子,这是她独处的周末。 Jeff was an architect, with a high-profile reputation, who worked in downtown Toronto, a partner in a private corporation which mostly did consultant work for the university.Lesley‟s company had been hired to advertise the new science complex in order to raise corporate(公司的) money for the proposed building.She liked her work and she harbored a secret ambition to manage her division of the company some day.杰夫是个建筑师,名声很大,在多伦多市区工作,是一家私人公司的合伙人,该公司主要为大学做咨询工作。莱斯利的公司已经接下了为新的科学综合大楼做广告的工作,以便为计划中的大楼筹集合作基金。她喜欢她的工作,并且心怀抱负:有一天她要管理这个部门。 After a whirlwind(旋风般的) courtship(求爱,热恋) and a fairytale wedding the couple had settled down to an urban lifestyle.However, after three years and one child the dreamlike marriage came smashing down.One disadvantage(不利条件) of being young and ambitious(有抱负的) was that both of them needed to devote untold hours to their busy schedules.As a result of these late hours, Lesley became suspicious(猜疑的) of Jeff‟s after hours activities.She accused him of making her part of a love triangle.The whole miserable scene was to set the proceedings(过程,诉讼,诉讼程序) for an ugly(不愉快的) divorce in motion.在一段旋风般的热恋和一个童话式的婚礼之后,夫妻俩定居下来,过起了都市生活。然而,在过了三年并有了孩子之后,这段梦幻般的婚姻开始破裂了。年轻而又雄心勃勃的不利之处,就是两个人都要把数不清的时间花在忙不完的事业上。由于经常工作到很晚,莱斯利开始怀疑杰夫工作之余的活动,她指责他让她成了三角爱情的一部分。事情发展到最痛苦的场面就是提出不愉快的离婚诉讼。

Daydreaming(幻想,白日梦) about those earlier days would not help tonight.So with a shrug of her shoulders she tackled the advertising aignment she needed to complete.Tomorrow would be a busy day with Zac arriving home.那些对最初美好时光的回忆,对今夜也无济于事。于是,她耸了耸肩,着手处理她必须完成的广告业务。明天扎克到家后将会非常忙碌。

The next day, as the morning wore on, Lesley became more and more agitated(烦躁), and her mood became apprehensive(忧虑的,不安的), when Jeff did not appear.When noon hour arrived and he still had not appeared, she started making some phone calls.None of their mutual friends had either seen or talked with Jeff that day.Until today, Jeff had always been very punctual about returning the boy at the appointed time.Lesley felt a knot forming in her stomach as a crazy thought persisted at the back of her mind.She was absolutely sure something was wrong.Jeff sat with his head bowed.He was undecided what to do.The domestic arrangement with his former wife was proving to be awkward.He was frustrated at being able to see his son only on weekends and felt he was always making conceions to accommodate(适应,迁就) Lesley‟s work schedule.Every meeting was turning into a competition for the boy‟s affection.His one desire was to take Zac away for good.The enormous decision to undertake this plan appeared to be presenting itself.Today he would depart for a conference in California.This appeared to be a marvelous opportunity to take the boy and leave the country for good.He bet that he could pack sufficient baggage into his vehicle and then disappears acro the border, gaining entry the U.S.A.He gave little thought to whatsoever of the fact this act could lead to his conviction if he was tracked down by the cops.第二天,随着上午的时间慢慢逝去,莱斯利越来越感到不安。杰夫没有出现,她变得焦躁起来。到了中午,他还没出现,于是她开始打电话。他们共同的朋友都说那天没看见他,也没和他通过电话。以前,杰夫总是非常准时地将孩子送回来。一种不祥的想法在下意识地困扰着她,莱斯利感到恐惧。她绝对肯定是出事了。杰夫低头坐着,他不知该做些什么。和前妻商定的对家庭的安排看来是蠢笨的,只能在周末看看儿子令他沮丧极了。为了莱斯利的工作安排,他觉得一直在迁就。每次相见都变成一场争夺“孩子到底爱谁”的竞争。他有一个心愿就是把扎克永远带走,现在就应做出实施这个计划的重大决定了。今天,他要前往加利福尼亚参加一个会议,这显然是一个带走孩子,永远离开这个国家的绝好机会。他确信他能够把足够多的行李装上车,然后跨过边境,进入美国后就消失掉。如果被警察抓住,这种行为是可以构成犯罪的,可他不再多想了。

Meanwhile, for Lesley the nightmare continued to unfold(展现,显露) as the reality of the situation deepened.After 48 hours, the spokesman for the district police department aured her they would investigate Zac‟s disappearance.Her faith that justice would be realized was faint.The shock of the past two days‟ events made her realize that poibly her son would become one more statistic in the miing children file.The police completed a preliminary survey after asking hundreds of detailed(详细的) questions.Hot lines proved fruitle(无结果的).Meanwhile, over the next year there were countle visits and interviews at the police station and her home.The police appeared to be making no progre in tracking Zac‟s whereabouts(行踪).As the days paed, Lesley‟s frustration(挫败) mounted and she felt a sense of alarm.Eventually, she decided to take the initiative in continuing the search and she began to use well-established child find agencies.At times, boosted by hopes, she appeared to be on the right trail with a sense of disgust, but her hopes were dashed at the final moment.These obstacles hope.After Zac‟s picture was circulated nationwide, telephone calls followed from strangers reporting sightings(被看见的人或事物) of a Zac look alike.Month by month her plan evolved into a campaign equal to a full-scale battle plan.She paid an exceedingly high fee for specialized help, such as the services of an attorney.Lesley became determined to target every major city where Jeff normally contracted busine.As the months slopped by, Lesley‟s exhaustion became noticeable in her eyes.Her cheeks became hollow pits.Most days she felt as though she did not have an ounce of energy left because proof of Zac‟s existence seemed impoible to find.Another year paed and her hopes dimmed.Unexpectedly, late in August a promising lead brought her to Los Angeles.与此同时,对于莱斯利,随着事件真相的不断深入,噩梦也在继续显现。48小时后,地区警察部门发言人向她保证,他们将对扎克的失踪展开调查。她对正义会得到伸张的信心减弱了。最近两天发生的事使她认识到,他的儿子很可能成为失踪儿童名单中增加的又一个新数字。在询问了许许多多的细节问题之后,警察完成了初步调查。热线电话丝毫没有结果。 在接下来的一年多时间里,她在警察局和家中接受了无数次的访问和会见。在寻找礼物的下落上,警察似乎并没有取得什么进展。时间一天天地过去,莱斯利感到日益失望,她有一种恐慌的感觉。终于,她决定要争取主动,继续找寻,她开始求助于专门的儿童寻找机构。有时,尽管感到有些厌烦,由于希望的驱使,她还是加入到搜寻线索的行列,但她的希望都在最后时刻破灭了。这些挫折只会令她更坚定不放弃寻找或不丧失希望的决心。扎克的照片在全国传阅,不断有陌生人打来电话,报告说看见了像扎克模样了人。一月又一月,她参与活动的计划安排相当于一场大规模的战役部署。她出高薪请专家帮忙,例如聘请代理人为她服务。莱斯利开始决定在杰夫平日联系生意的每一个主要城市去寻找目标。几个月过去了,从莱斯利的眼里,可以明显感觉到她的确精疲力竭了。她的脸颊深深地凹了下去。大多数日子里,她觉得好像一点儿精力也没有了,因为证明扎克还在的证据看来是不可能找到了。 The interior of the bar was dark.Her quest to locate Jeff and Zac had taken two years.She had paid private investigators in American currency to help her locate her ex-husband.In her handbag she carried the neceary proof that would identify her to the authorities if she was succeful in being able to bring Zac home again, to Canada.She had been impatient for this moment to arrive for so long and yet now she just wanted to secure her son with a minimum of fu.Now, right on cue, a tall stranger slipped into the bar and sat down.One glimpse told her it was Jeff.He looked weary(疲劳的) and older but definitely familiar.A chill ran up her spine(脊椎,脊柱).Close to succe, she refused to concede defeat.It was the time to remedy the enormous sadne.This time she wanted a guarantee of succe.She stared straight ahead with a vacant look, trying to grasp the important moment.Vivid scenes, from the pa two years‟ search, flashed(思想等的闪现) through her mind.又一年过去了,她的希望变得更加渺茫。但出乎意料,八月底,一个很有希望的线索把她带到洛杉矶。

酒吧里面很暗。追寻杰夫和扎克和下落已经花了她现年时间。她付费给在美国的私家侦察机构,帮她查找前夫的下落。在她的手提包里,有可以向当局证明的必要材料,一旦成功,她就可以将扎克带回家,回到加拿大。她焦急地等待着这一刻的到来已经很久了,而现在她只想找回她的儿子,发行量不要出什么乱子。就在这个时候,一个高个的陌生人溜进酒吧坐下来。她一眼就认出那是杰夫。他看起来很疲惫,显得更苍老了,但还是相当熟悉。一阵寒气掠过她的背脊。马上就要成功了!她拒绝承认失败,这正是治疗巨大伤痛的时刻。这次,她要确保成功。她带着迷茫的神情凝视着前方,努力要抓住这重要的时刻。过去两年的搜寻情景,一幕幕清晰地在她的脑海中闪现。

The following day, happily for Lesley, the headline of the local paper read, “Father turns over child, Mother slams system.”

翌日,使莱斯利感到高兴的是当地报纸的头条新闻:“父亲将孩子送回,母亲猛烈抨击体制”。 Lesley and Zac‟s subsequent life could now resume some form of normalcy(正常状态), however, the stre and strain of the past two years would always remain as a part of this renewed relationship in the memory.至于莱斯利和扎克后来的生活,现在可能恢复到某种正常状态了。然而,过去两年的压力和紧张将成为这种重新恢复起来的关系中的一部分,永远留在记忆里。

2、One Chance [一次机会] The tiny antique silver pin lay in my hand.I stared hard at the solemn face looking back at me from the oval frame.I was looking for some resemblance between my ancestor and myself.Her brow was broad and strong, the eyes kind and forgiving.She wore a stiff black bonnet(无边小圆软帽), a high white collar and a coarsely woven shawl(披肩) around her shoulders.In examining her face more closely, maybe I could identify some similarity around the eyes and the nose.An inner strength shone from the eyes of this diminutive lady who had helped lead her family from Ireland to the New World.那枚小小的旧银别针就放在我的手上。我紧盯着那张从椭圆形镜框里反过来看着我的严肃面孔。我在寻找我的祖先和我自己之间的某些相似之处。她的眉毛宽大浓密,眼睛里温和慈祥。她戴着一顶绷紧的黑色软帽,高白领,肩上披着一条做工粗糙的披肩。再近点观察她的脸孔,或许我能在眼睛和鼻子周围辨认出一些相似的地方。从这位身材矮小的女士的眼里,透射出一种内在的力量,她曾帮助和带领她的家庭,从爱尔兰来到了新世界。

The times, in Ireland during the 1770‟s, were difficult for everyone.John and Lily Love and all the tenants(租地者,佃户) of the Barren‟s Court Estate were suffering after terrible floods destroyed their crops.The landlord was generous in allowing the land rent to fall into arrears(拖欠,还款), due to the difficult times.However, as weather conditions continued to worsen, the little family became peimistic and felt desperate about the direction of their lives.Nearly every family at this time had at least one member of their family who had left for the New World.The ugly face of famine was lurking(潜藏,潜伏) everywhere.It was not poible with one acre of arable(可耕作的) land to make a living.那时候,在18世纪70年代的爱尔兰,人人处境艰难。一场特大洪水毁掉了他们的庄稼之后,约翰和莉莉·洛夫一家像其他所有的巴伦斯宫廷庄园的佃户一样痛苦不堪。庄园主还算慷慨,鉴于这个艰难时期,允许佃户们拖欠租金。然而,天气状况持续恶化,这个小家庭变得悲观起来,对他们的生活前途感到绝望。那个时候,几乎每个家庭至少有一名家庭成员出走前往新世界。饱受饥荒之苦的憔悴面容到处都是,要靠一英亩耕地生活是不可能的。 Late one night, after the children were in bed, John and Lily discued the poibility of making a reservation aboard a sailing ship bound for America.John had noticed a poster in the town square, that posted by a ship‟s owner trying to recruit people for his ship.John knew that conditions aboard ship would not be ideal for Lily, her new infant son and the two elder boys; however, she acknowledged that settling in America would be the only way for the family to gain some independence and to earn a living.More importantly, it was rumored that land was free in the new country.Lily gave her consent to leave.一天夜里,孩子们入睡以后,约翰和莉莉讨论起预定船只前往美国的可能性。就在当天,约翰在市镇广场上看到一张海报,是船主张贴出来招揽乘客的。约翰知道船上的条件对莉莉不大合适,她有一个刚出生的婴儿和两个大点的男孩。但是,她认为在美国定居将是这个家庭取得独立和谋生的唯一出路。更重要的是,据说在那个新国家土地是免费的。莉莉也赞成出去。

In port, the sailing ship, Hannah, under the command of Captain Mitchell lay at anchor.The adventure of croing the Atlantic Ocean bound for Philadelphia would take two to three months.Paengers were aured there would be the best provisions and plenty of barrels of fresh water.Storms could be fierce and living conditions below deck would be primitive.John joined the long queue and eventually after a lengthy wait, reached the revenue table.He affixed(签署名字) his signature to the contract promising to pay five pounds per person for berths(卧铺) aboard ship.The clerk returned the receipt to John indicating that the sum of money had been paid.在港口,那艘帆船“汉纳”号,在米切尔船长的指挥下,正抛锚停泊。跨越大西洋前往费城的冒险要花两到三个月。乘客们被许诺有最好的食品供应和充足的淡水。暴风雨可能很猛烈,甲板下面的生活条件将是很单调的。约翰加入到了那长长的队列里,等了很久以后,终于来到付款台前。他在合同上签了字,按要求为乘坐那艘船的每个人付5英镑。办事员为约翰开了收据,表示钱已付清。 Once under sail the three hundred paengers found themselves crowded into miserable conditions.The smell of so many people crowded together was offensive.The breadth of the veel was narrow and the headroom(净空,头上空间) below deck minimal.可是一上船,三百名乘客发现船上非常拥挤,条件很恶劣。这么多人挤在一起,气味简直让人受不了。船舱狭窄又很低矮。

As the tiny craft sailed out of Lough Foyle, and entered the Atlantic Ocean, it started to roll ominously(不吉利的) and those aboard wondered if they would survive the long voyage ahead or be swallowed up by the enormous waves.Seasickne(晕船) was everywhere and people had no appetite.The food, instead of being of high quality as promised, was too often rotten and the water was brackish(有咸味的).小船驶离洛夫福伊进入大西洋的时候,就开始不祥地摇晃起来,船上的人担心他们是否能够安全完成航程还是会被巨浪吞噬。到处都是晕船的,人们没有食欲。伙食没有承诺的那么好,还常常是腐烂的,水也有咸味。

Eventually, the winds leened and the Captain was able to set his sights towards America and become ably steering the ship on an even course(航线).Eight weeks later, plus on day, the Hannah made landfall(着陆) and the Love family disembarked(离船上岸) in America and became American newest immigrants.Gazing at the mainland after so many days of sailing was indeed a glorious sight.The difficult days aboard ship seemed worthwhile.Porters hurried along the docks pushing baggage.Little girls with ribbons in their hair scanned the ship‟s decks hoping to get a first glimpse of their father arriving.It seemed to Lily that it took forever to register and to pa through immigration.终于风浪减弱了,船长能够看准美国的方向,成功地驾船工行驶在平静的航线上。八个星期零一天之后,“汉纳”号靠岸,洛夫一家在美国登陆,成为美国最早的移民。经过这么多天的航行,凝视着这片大地,的确令人心旷神怡。看来在船上过的那些艰苦的日子还是值得的。码头上的搬运工在忙着搬运行李。头发上带着丝带的小姑娘们环视着甲板,希望第一眼看到他们到来的父亲。对于莉莉来说,登记和办理移民手续好像没完没了。

John said that he would go ahead to scout out some land in the far west of the state.He would push on to the frontier with a bunch of other Irish chaps.Lily and the children could follow more slowly, harneing the horse and cart to convey their scanty(贫乏的,少的) poeions.The stuff in the cart would include a kettle, dishes, blankets, a chair, a bucket and an axe.约翰说他要先出发,在这个州遥远的西部找一些土地。他和一帮爱尔兰小伙子一起赶往边疆。莉莉和孩子们可以在后面慢慢地跟,坐马车把他们仅有的一点家产运来。车上的那些东西包括一个壶、一个盘子、毯子、一把椅子、一个提桶和一把斧头。 There was a perception by the government at this time that the feisty(易怒的,好斗的) Irish would resist any hostile natives refusing to retreat and thus maintaining the western boundary.The Irish, too, were pleased to settle as far away from the government as poible.Instead of purchasing land, they would “squat(占据)” on the property erecting only a temporary, humble shelter to stave off(遮挡) the weather.Once their families arrived, they would inspire the men to build proper cabins.Neither fancy nor elegant, these log structures would be their first real homes.Property boundaries at this time were not marked out with iron rods or stakes in a standard fashion, but rather designated(标明,标出) by natural objects such as rocks, trees and creeks.Confusion and disputes must often have followed later, when these survey points disappeared.After exploring the area around Shirley‟s burg, John and his sons rode over Sandy Ridge to survey the property below Black Log Mountain.It was here in a long narrow valley they decided to settle.The valley became known then, and is still called Love‟s valley today.

那时候,政府认为,好斗的爱尔兰人会抵抗那些有敌意的当地人,拒绝妥协让步,以保住西部边疆。而爱尔兰人也乐得尽量远离政府定居。不需要购买,他们只要支起一个能遮蔽风雨的临时简陋住所,就算占用了这片土地。一旦家人到达,他们会鼓励男人们建造合适的房屋。既不奇特也不优雅,这些原木结构的建筑物将是他们第一个真正的家。那时,地产边界不是用标准的铁棍或木桩来做标志,而是用象岩石、树木和小溪等自然物来界定。后来因为这些测量点消失了,混乱和争执时常发生。

At the time, drums were used to forewarn(预先警告) that the natives were going to capture the forts(城堡), which guarded the western frontier.Daily life in this new land, for the early settlers, was harsh and difficult.First they needed to tame the land, chopping down trees, in order to be able to plant crops.At times they needed to defend their land and be wary(机警的) of attacks from wild animals, such as wolves and bears.Mosquito bites caused severe reactions of swelling and itchine(痒痒).Once the work was done, neighbors would gather for an occasional social function.The children would play for hours chasing butterflies and looking for birds‟ nests.The boys would catch frogs and then tease(戏弄) the girls with them.There would be a delicious picnic lunch spread on the gra.John asked Lily to bring some freshly squeezed lemon juice for the picnic.He found the sour taste of lemonade(柠檬汽水) was refreshing on a hot summer‟s day.Some of the men would have a drink of homemade(自制的) in the moonshine before striking up a tune on the fiddle(小提琴).Square dancing was popular among the young people and the young lads would leap up to dance with the eligible(中意的,合格的) young ladies.Rivals for a young lady‟s hand in marriage would tend to compete to walk her home at the end of an evening.The romantic times were few and contrasted sharply with the stern reality of everyday life.在探究了歇里斯伯格周围的地区之后,约翰和他的儿子们翻过桑迪山脉,在布莱克拉格山下面勘察了土地,他们决定就在这条狭长的山谷里定居下来。因此这个山谷被称为洛夫山谷,直到今天还这样叫。

那时候,当土著人来夺取防护西部边界的那些城堡时,他们就使用鼓声作为预先的示警。在这块新土地上的日常生活对于早期的定居者来说是非常艰辛和困苦的。首先,他们需要开垦土地,砍倒树木,以便能够种上庄稼。有时,他们需要保卫他们的土地,提防狼和熊等野兽的攻击以及蚊子叮咬造成的肿痛和奇痒。干完活后,邻居们偶尔会聚在一起举行社交活动。孩子们会玩上好几个小时,去捕蝴蝶,掏鸟窝,男孩子们会逮青蛙去捉弄女孩们,还有布置在草地上的美味午餐。约翰叫莉莉为野餐带去一些鲜榨柠檬汁,他发现柠檬的酸味在炎热的夏天令人清爽,使人振奋。月光下,有的人还会来一杯自家酿的酒,然后便趁兴用小提琴拉上一曲。青年人中很流行方块舞,年轻的小伙子们就会跳出来与中意的姑娘们一起跳舞。晚上,向姑娘们求婚的竞争对手们往往会竞相来到她们的家里。浪漫的时候虽然很少,但却和每天严酷的现实生活形成鲜明的对照。

Neighbors were also few and Lily found she was very lonely.She looked forward to the occasional visits of the minister, Robert Ayers, who was a Methodist circuit rider.Meetings would be held in fields or small barns, three to four times a year.At other times neighbor women from over the mountain would meet to make quilts(被子), blankets and cushions and to goip(聊天) about their respective lives.They would share their secret fears regarding their new lives, their hopes for their children‟s future and enjoy each other‟s companionship(友谊,伴侣关系).邻居也很少,莉莉觉得孤独。她盼望着卫理公会教派骑马巡回的罗伯特?埃亚牧师的偶然造访。一年有

三、四次在田地里或小库房进行集会。另外,有时候,翻山过来的邻家妇女会聚在一起做被子,织地毯和垫子,聊聊各自生活中的琐事。他们分担着对新生活的暗自担心,对孩子前程的殷切期望,并为相互间的友谊高兴不已。

Twenty years slipped by and John Love died at the early age of 47.Several years later, son James and his family, as well as widow Lily, his Mother, made the decision to leave Pennsylvania and settle in Canada.They made the arduous(困难的,艰巨的) trek(旅行) over Indian trails, croing the Niagara River to settle in what we now call Ontario.20年过去了,约翰洛夫在47岁时就过早地去世了。几年后,儿子詹姆斯和他的家庭,还有他的母亲——寡妇莉莉,决定离开宾夕法尼亚到加拿大定居。他们经过艰难跋涉,沿着印第安人的足迹,渡过尼亚加拉河,在今天我们称之为安大略的地方定居下来。 I am a Canadian.Having traced my roots and followed in the footsteps of these early settlers, I feel a sense of gratitude to my ancestors who faced extreme difficulties and severe hardship to settle in a new land.Liberty, then and in today‟s world, is a pricele inheritance(遗产).Once more, I glanced at the silver pin before returning it to the velvet(丝绒的) box.Once again, I questioned, “What did I inherit from my Love ancestors?” I realize the answer has been revealed while writing this story.I have determination, strength, loyalty and a love of adventure.This is my inheritance.我是加拿大人。追根溯源,沿着这些早期移民的足迹,一种感激之情油然而生。我的祖先们面对艰难困苦,克服重重困难才在这片土地上定居下来。不论那时还是现在,自由都是宝贵的遗产。在把那枚银别针放回丝绒盒之前,我又看了它一眼。我再次问到:“我从洛夫祖先那里继承了什么呢?”在写这个故事的时候,我知道我有了答案。我所拥有的决心、力量、忠诚和对冒险的热爱就是我继承到的遗产。

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4、A Man and His Castle [一个大人物和他的城堡] La Cuesta Encantada (The Enchanted[使用魔法迷惑] Castle) is one of the most remarkable displays of power and paion in the world.This marvelous tourist site now known as Hearst San Simeon State Historical Monument is better known as Hearst Castle.It is located six hours south of San Francisco and five hours north of Los Angeles.Sheltered by the mountains in northern San Luis Obispo County, the complex of 165rooms and 127 acres of gardens, terraces(露台), pools, fountains and footpaths draws approximately 800,000 visitors annually.To understand the castle, you have to understand the man who built it, William Randolph Hearst.And to understand the man, you have to understand the land upon which he built his dream.魔幻城堡是世界上最著名的展示才能与激情的名胜之一。这个奇迹般的游览地,就是现在著名的赫斯特圣西蒙国家历史博物馆,它作为赫斯特城堡,则更为有名。它位于旧金山以南6小时、洛杉矶以北5小时车程的地方。这座隐蔽在圣路易斯?奥比斯波郡北部群山之中的综合建筑有165个房间,占地127英亩,有花园、游廊、水池、喷泉和小径,每年吸引大约80万名游客来到这里。要了解这座城堡,你就得了解建造它的那个人——威廉·伦道夫·赫斯特,而要了解这个人,你就得了解他把梦想建在其上的这块土地。

Born on April 29, 1863, William Randolph Hearst was the only child of Gorge Hearst and his wife, Phoebe.George was a multimillionaire(千万富翁) who amaed(积聚) his fortune through partnerships(合作关系) in three of the ever largest mining discoveries of copper, silver, and gold ores.In 1865, George began to accumulate parcels of land by obtaining 46,000 acres of the Piedra Blanco Ranch on California‟s Central Coast.There he began a succeful cattle ranch(大农场), eventually enlarging it to 250,000 acres stretching 50 miles along the coast.威廉·伦道夫·赫斯,生于1863年4月29日,是乔治?赫斯特和他的妻子菲比唯一的孩子。乔治是一个千万富翁,他通过合伙参与三个曾经是最大的铜矿、银矿和金矿的发现和开采,积聚起大量财富。1865年,乔治得到了在加利福尼亚海岸的46000英亩的皮亚得拉布兰可牧场,开始积聚大片土地。在那里,他开始了对养牛场的成功经营,并最终将它扩大到沿着50英里海岸的250,000英亩。

William loved the ranch where he spent his summer vacations as a youngster and a youth, playing in the rugged canyons(峡谷), descending the cliffs and camping in colorful Arab-style tents in the mountains with his family.威廉热爱这个青年时期渡过暑假的牧场。在崎岖不平的溪谷里游玩,攀登悬崖,和家人一起在山里华美的阿拉伯式的帐篷里野营。

Phoebe was delighted in exposing her darling child to the beauties and wonders of the world and spared no expense doing so.During one of their adventures, an 18-month tour of the historic palaces and castles of Europe, William began a lifelong love of collecting.With his first acquisitions, German picture books, he embarked(着手,开始工作) on a 78-year seion of exceive spending.He confeed to a love of the finer things in life and, as he had a bottomle(不见底的) purse, would never deny himself anything he wanted.菲比很喜欢让她心爱的孩子去认识这个美丽而奇妙的世界,花费多少都无所谓。在一次冒险活动期间,他们用18个月游览了欧洲历史上著名的宫殿和城堡,从那时起威廉开始养成收集的终身爱好。他从最初收集德国的图画书开始,进行了长达78年的超级消费。他承认一生中对精美物品的痴迷和热爱,而且因为有一个用不完的钱包,他对想要的任何东西从不吝惜金钱。

In 1887, while William was at Harvard University, he decided to take over the small newspaper, the San Francisco Examiner, which his father had accepted as payment for a gambling(赌博) debt several years earlier.George would have preferred that his son be involved in the mining and ranching interests, but William declined this offer and was given ownership of the Examiner in March 1887.He was determined to increase the popularity(普遍,流行) of the paper and acquire the best equipment and writers available.William‟s resolve to succeed inspired him to publish juicy(有趣的) tales of vice and stories full of drama and motivation(积极性,动机).In 1895, he purchased the New York Morning Journal, putting him in direct competition with the distinguished(杰出的) Joseph Pulitzer and a circulation(传播,发行) war began.1887年,当威廉在哈佛大学读书时,他决定接管一家小报纸《旧金山问询报》,几年前他的父亲将其作为一笔赌债接收了下来。乔治更希望他的儿子把兴趣放在采矿和经营牧场上,但威廉拒绝了这个建议并于1887年3月接手成为《问询报》的主人。他决定购置最好的设备,邀请最好的作者撰稿,提升报纸的声望。

威廉渴望成功的决心,促使他出版有趣的下流传闻和充满戏剧性、引人入胜的故事。1895年,他买下《纽约晨报》,与著名的约瑟夫?普利策展开直接的竞争,开始了一场扩大发行量的商战。

Both the Hearst and Pulitzer newspapers started to include sensational(耸人听闻的) stories about the Cuban Insurrection(起义).The stories greatly exaggerated claims of Spanish troops placing Cubans in concentration camps, forcing them to live under substandard conditions, disease-ridden, starving and dying.This style of reporting became known as “Yellow Journalism(新闻事件)”.The newspapers were transformed as the scope of the news broadened and became le conservative.Circulation soared as the public could get enough of the banner headlines and abundant illustrations.At the time, many people believed William actually might have initiated(开始,发动) the Spanish-American War to encourage sales.According to one report, when one of his correspondents, Frederick Remington, requested to return from Havana, William responded that if Remington would furnish the pictures, William would furnish the war.He was once quoted in an editorial as saying, “Make the news thorough Print all the news.Condense it if neceary.Frequently it is better when intelligently(聪明的) condensed.”

赫斯特和普利策的报纸都开始刊登有关古巴起义的耸人听闻的故事。这些故事极大地夸大了西班牙部队的行为:他们把古巴人关进集中营,迫使他们在恶劣的条件下生活,饱受疾病、饥饿和死亡的折磨。这种报道形式成了有名的“黄色新闻”。报纸在向扩大新闻范围方面转变,并变得不那么保守了。因为能够使公众获得足够的头条新闻和丰富的插图,发行量激增。那时,很多人相信威廉实际上可能会发动西班牙——美国战争以增加发行量。据一篇报道说,当他的一个通讯记者弗雷德里克雷明顿请求从哈瓦那回来时,威廉回答说如果雷明顿能提供图片,他就可以发起这场战争。曾有一篇社论引用过他的格言:“跟踪新闻到底。报道所有新闻。必要时浓缩新闻。浓缩后的新闻常常更出色。”

Another claic example of his influence occurred when; merely months after he advocated political aaination(暗杀) in an editorial, American President McKinley was aainated.As an intelligent and dynamic busine man, William generated increased readership by employing some of the most talented(天才的) writers in the United States, recruiting figures from the literary community, like Mark Twain and Stephen Crane, and the previously mentioned illustrator, Frederick Remington.He also showed his initiative when he chartered a yacht(快艇), equipped it as a miniature(小型的) newspaper headquarters, anchored off the coast of Cuba, and led his army of reporters into the field.关于受他影响的另一个典型例子是,他在一篇社论中鼓吹政治暗杀,仅仅几个月后,麦金利总统就遇刺身亡。作为一个聪明能干的商人,威廉通过雇佣美国最有才华的作者,从文学团体中聘用大人物,像马克?吐温和斯蒂芬·克莱恩,以及前面提到过的插图画家弗雷德里克?雷明顿,造就了不断增长的读者群。他还显示了他的创新能力。当时,他包租了一条游艇,把装备成一个小型的报社总部,停在古巴海岸边,让他的采访队伍进入战场。

William‟s interests led him to follow in his father‟s footsteps, inspiring him to enter into politics.He was elected to the U.S.Congre as a senator representing the State of New York in 1902 and served until 1907.He was a candidate for the office of mayor of New York City and governor of New York State, but failed in both of these attempts.威廉的兴趣爱好引领他、激励他继承父业进入政界。1902年作为纽约州的代表,他以参议员的身份被选进美国国会,一起任职到1907年。他还是纽约市市长和纽约州州长职位的候选人,但两次努力都失败了。

While honeymooning in Europe after his marriage to Millicent Wilson in 1903, he expanded his publishing empire with Motor Magazine.The Hearst Corporation grew to comprise a total of 12 newspapers, including the Examiner, and 25 magazines, including Cosmopolitan.Not satisfied with just his publishing enterprises, he expanded his busine operations into radio, and later produced movie newsreels(新闻纪录片).(To Be Continued) 1903年与米莉森特?威尔逊结婚。在欧洲渡蜜月期间,他以《汽车杂志》扩张他出版帝国的疆土。赫斯特公司迅速成长以来,总共有包括《问询报》在内的12种报纸,和包括《大都会》在内的25种杂志。他并不满足于出版行业,还把他的事业扩展到电台,后来还生产新闻记录片。(待续)

This influential media giant was not without his faults.His prejudices were common knowledge.His career was blemished(玷污) by his offensive remarks about Spaniards, Japanese, Filipinos, and Ruians.He printed lies, forged documents, falsified(歪曲) stories of violence, wrote provocative editorials, and published sensational cartoons and photographs to support his opinions.这个有巨大影响的媒体巨人也不是没有缺点。他的偏见是众所周知的。他对西班牙人、日本人、菲律宾人和俄罗斯人的攻击性评论是对他职业的玷污。为支持自己的观点,他刊载谎言,伪造文献,编选暴力故事,写煽动性的社论,出版蛊惑人心的卡通和照片。

William hated minorities.He took advantage of every opportunity to heighten racial tensions.His real motive for his hatred of Mexicans may have been the lo of 800,000 acres of prime timber land to the Mexican outlaw(逃犯), Pancho Villa.His papers described them as marijuana-smoking, job-stealing, lazy, wicked, and violent degenerates(堕落).Some suggest he saw the Mexicans as a threat to his empire.威廉憎恨少数民族。他利用一切机会加剧种族间的紧张关系。他憎恨墨西哥人的真正原因,可能是由于那个墨西哥逃犯Pancho Villa让他损失了800,000英亩的原始树林。他的报纸把他们描绘成抽大麻、磨洋工、懒惰、邪恶和喜欢暴力的堕落者。有人说他认为墨西哥人对他的帝国是一个威胁。

During this period, William met and fell in love with a young actre, Marion Davies.Millicent, his wife and the mother of his five sons, including a set of twins, refused to diolve the marriage, which obliged William to “live in sin” with the woman whom the tour guides refer to as his “friend” or “companion”.在这个时期,威廉遇见了年轻的女演员马里恩戴维斯并爱上了她。他的妻子,他5个儿子其中有一对双胞胎的母亲米莉森特,拒绝解除婚姻,迫使威廉与那个女人过着姘居的生活,导游提到她时就说是他的“朋友”或“同伴”。

With the death of his mother in 1919, William inherited the beloved quarter-million-acre ranch.At first, he planned to build modest ranch house on his favorite campsite(野营的) but as he became more involved in the project, his vision of a monument to display his collections gained momentum(动力).Working closely with family architect, Julia Morgan, William created a glorious and extraordinary castle-like structure, blending Spanish, European, and Californian architectural styles.Huge warehouses(仓库) were built in San Simeon to store the shiploads of splendid antiques, including entire carved ceilings and walls hung with enormous tapestries(挂毯).They could be installed in the completed rooms.Landscaping integrated exotic(外来的,奇异的) plants, hedges, and trees with native flora(植物群落).As William was in his 60‟s, he had the insight to know he couldn‟t wait for them to grow, but he was optimistic.He ordered tons of fertile topsoil to cover the grounds to a depth of five feet and full-grown specimens of the plants were trucked up the mountain for planting.With thousands of acres of land covered with graland, trees, natural ponds, and man-made reservoirs available for use, William stocked the estate with herds of rare oxen and deer, and flocks of sheep and lambs.These animals flourished as they were allowed to wander freely.Larger, more dangerous beasts, including tigers, ostriches, buffalo, yaks, emus, kangaroos, llamas, zebras and giraffes were enclosed in the largest private zoo in the world.1919年,他母亲去世,威廉继承了那个他深爱着的25万英亩的牧场。起初,他计划在他最喜欢的宿营地建一所普通的低矮平房,但当他更多地介入这个工程时,建一个纪念馆来展示他的收藏品的想法占了上风。威廉与家庭建筑师朱莉亚?摩根进一步密切协作,创造了一种气派显赫的像城堡一样的结构,整合了西班牙、欧洲和加利福尼亚的建筑风格。在圣西蒙创造了巨大的仓库存放成船的贵重古董,全部雕花的天花板以及用巨大挂毯装饰的墙壁。它们可以安置到已完工的房间里来。把外来的植物、灌木和树木结合进当地的植物种群,进一步美化景观。威廉已经60多岁了,他清楚地知道他可能等不到它们长大,但他是乐观的。他定购了成吨肥沃的表层土,覆盖地面达5英尺深,把这些植物长好的样品用卡车运到山上种植。

在可以利用的数千英亩的土地上,有草地、树林、天然水池和人工水库,威廉在庄园里放养了珍稀的牛群和鹿群,还有一群群的绵羊和小羊羔。因为允许它们自由漫游,这些动物健壮而活跃。那些大家伙,比较危险的野兽,包括老虎、鸵鸟、水牛、牦牛、鸸鹋(产于澳洲的大型鸟)、袋鼠、骆驼、斑马和长颈鹿,则被关在这个世界上最大的私人动物园里。 The “complex” was ready for occupancy(占有) in 1927, but additions continued until 1947.Eventually it comprised the main house and three cottages, all of which are furnished with a variety of valuable antiques.Even the lavatories were specially equipped.William‟s favorite room was said to be the library with its collections of more than 5,000 books, ancient Greek vases, and an antique Spanish ceiling suspended(悬挂的) by cables so it will sway in the event of an earthquake (all the antique furnishings and treasures are anchored as a precaution as this is earthquake country).那座“综合性建筑”在1927年就已经可以使用,但扩建工程一直持续到1947年。最后,它包含了一幢主楼和三栋别墅,每一座的家具配备都使用各种贵重的古董。连厕所的设施都很特别。威廉最喜欢的房间据说是图书室,里面有收藏的5,000多本书籍,古希腊的花瓶,以及一个用缆索悬吊起来的古代西班牙吊顶,一旦发生地震,吊顶就会摇摆(所有的古代家具和珍宝都被事先用铰链固定住,因为这是一个多地震的国家)。

In the „20s, „30s, and „40s, William loved part-time at the estate with his mistre, Marion Davies.They entertained to an exceive extent.To be invited to the castle was a privilege.Movie stars, politicians, businemen, and even royalty(皇室成员) were frequent guests.Many of these guests, including a British lord, Sir Charles Kingsford-Smith, Amelia Ear hart, and Charles Lindbergh, flew to the ranch, landing on the private(私人的) airstrip(飞机跑道).20年代到40年代,威廉时常与他的情人马里恩?戴维斯居住于此。他们待客极尽奢华。被邀请到城堡是一种殊荣。电影明星、政治家、商人,还有皇室成员都是他们的常客。这些客人当中的很多人,包括一名英国的勋爵、查尔斯?金福特?史密斯先生、阿梅莉亚?埃尔哈特、查尔斯?林德伯格,曾直接飞到这个庄园,降落在这里的私人飞机跑道上。

Life on the “hill” was never dull.The visitors stayed in the main house or the cottages, depending on their prominence(重要) or their intimacy(亲密) with the family and were free to roam(漫游) the grounds, go riding on their choice of horses on the property.Company was expected, however, to meet in the main drawing room at 7:30 p.m.sharp, principally (主要地) to amuse their host.Dinner was a formal affair beginning at 9:00 p.m.this meal was held in the immense dining room, the walls of which are lined with pricele panels from ancient European cathedrals (大教堂).Following dinner, movies were shown in the private theater, starting at 11:00. “山”上的生活从来都不乏味。来访者按他们的显赫程度或与这个家庭的亲密关系,或住在主楼里,或住在别墅中,在园子里自由散步,去马厩里挑匹马来骑,到水池里去游泳,或者在这块领地上的私人球场上玩高尔夫球。不过,大家还是急切期盼着晚上7点30分在主画室里同主人相见,显然主要是想让他们的主人高兴。宴会是一项正式的活动,在晚上9点开始。这顿饭在巨大的餐厅进行,餐厅墙壁是用来自古代欧洲天主教堂的珍贵的镶板拼成的。饭后,在私人影院上映电影,11点开始。

There were, however, three rules guests had to follow: do not get drunk; do not swear or tell off-color jokes; sleep in separate bedrooms if an unmarried couple.Food was not allowed in the rooms.If you wanted to eat, you could visit the kitchen… if you could find it.

不过,有三条规矩客人必须遵守:不能醉酒;不能赌咒或开伤风败俗的玩笑;还没结婚的一对恋人要睡在不同的卧室。食物不能带进房间。如果你想吃东西,可以到厨房去……只要你找得到。

Although William was closely involved in all aspects of the construction and decoration of the mansion(大厦,宅邸), he continued his busine and social interest.No stranger to scandal, in November 1924, he found himself in the topic of headlines.The most enduring rumor was that, during a party on his yacht, he had found Marion kiing Charlie Chaplin.In a fit of jealousy he took a shot at Chaplin, mied, and accidentally his Thomas Ince, killing him.However, even though the morning papers carried the story, the evening paper and succeive editions printed that Ince had died of acute indigestion(消化不良).尽管威廉积极参与了这所豪宅的建设和装饰的各个方向,他仍然在继续他的商业和社交活动。对流言蜚语习以为常的他,1924年11月,发现自己上了头条新闻。那是一个流行已久的谣言:在游艇上的一次聚会上,他发现马里恩在亲吻查里?卓别林,他妒火中烧,于是向卓别林开了一枪,偏了,却意外地击中了托马斯·因斯,杀死了他。不过,尽管早上的报纸登载了这个故事,但晚上的报纸和更多的版面就登出因斯死于急性消化不良。 In 1945, William initiated the Hearst Foundation and created the California Charities Foundation in 1948 (the name was changed to the William Randolph Hearst Foundation soon after his death in 1951).The Great Depreion took its toll on even the wealthiest and William Randolph Hearst was no exception.His fantastically(荒诞的) decadent lifestyle couldn‟t last forever, and gradually his finances began to suffer, beginning the next chapter in the saga(传奇) of excees.He came close to being bankrupt but Marion rescued him from debt, unselfishly selling her jewels and some other property to raise over a million dollars.1945年,威廉建立赫斯特基金会。1948年创立加利福尼亚慈善基金会(在他1951年去世后不久,改为威廉·伦道夫·赫斯特基金会)。大萧条对即使是最富有的人都会带来损失,威廉·伦道夫也不例外。他那种荒诞放纵的生活方式不能再继续下去了,他的财政开始逐渐吃紧。这种放荡生活的下一篇章开始了。就在他行将破产的时候,马里恩在把他从债务中挽救出来。她无私地卖掉了她的珠宝和一些其他的地产,筹集了100多万美元。

In 1947, due to his poor health, he was forced to move permanently to Beverly Hills.Marion looked after him during this time, seldom leaving his side.When he died in 1951 at the age of 88, she was shunned(避开) by his family and forbidden to attend his funeral.1947年,由于健康状况恶化,他被迫永久地住在贝弗莉山上。马里恩在此期间一直照顾他,几乎没有离开过他的身边。当他于1951年88岁去世时,她却被他的家庭有意避开,并被禁止参加葬礼。

The castle, its furnishings, the artworks in the gallery, and 127 acres of land were given to the state of California in 1957.Since that time, the California Department of Parks and Recreation has kept the castle open to tourists.这座城堡,连同里面的家具设施,走廊里的艺术品,以及127英亩的土地在1957年给了加利福尼亚政府。从那时起,加利福尼亚公园和娱乐部一直把这座城堡向游人开放。 Today a visit to the estate begins near the site of the old airstrip.Guests are transported to the top of the hill via bus.One can still see the signs giving wandering animals the “right-of-way” on the lanes.Deer, cattle, and sheep often halt the buses‟ progre up or down the mountain as they meander(漫游) to the salt licks.今天游览到这个庄园,起点就在旧飞机跑道所在位置附近。客人们乘巴士到山顶。路上,仍然可以看见让放养的动物们“优先通行”的标示牌。鹿、牛和羊悠闲地在盐渍地舔食时,常常迫使正在行驶的上下山巴士停下来。

Depending on the tour one chooses, guides escort(护送,陪同) the public through a variety of rooms, gardens, cottages, and pools.The luxury of a bygone(过去的) era is evident at every turn.From the moment you arrive at the stairway to the Neptune Pool until you bid farewell to your guides at the magnificent, golden and blue Roman Pool, you are reminded that a man had a dream.He had power and influence.Furthermore, he was prosperous enough to achieve his objectives and implement his dream.根据你选好的路线,导游会陪你经过各种房间、花园、别墅和水池。处处显现出昔日的奢华。从到达通向尼普顿水池楼梯的那一刻起,到在金碧辉煌的罗马水池边对导游说再见,你会一直想起一个有梦想的人。他有才能和影响力。而且他曾经飞黄腾达,能够达到他的目的并实现他的梦想。

5、Yip Sang, a Chinese-Canadian [加籍华人阿寿] The British and Chinese signed the Treaty of Nanking in 1842, each providing their respective subjects with the right to benefit from full security and protection for their persons and property within each other‟s boundaries.Even though China did no openly allow emigration(移居), in 1860 a law was paed which stated that Chinese seeking to work in the British Colonies or other places were at liberty to do so.They had only to ship themselves and their families on board any British veel at any of the open ports in China.In 1868, another treaty, this one with the United States, gave the Chinese the right to change their home and loyalty from one country to another for the purposes of curiosity, of trade, or as permanent residents, thereby opening the gates for emigration from China.1842年,中英两国签订《南京条约》,双方为各自的国民提供在彼此的疆域内享有人员和财产受到完全保护的权利。尽管中国没有公开允许移民出境,但1860年通过的一条法律规定寻求在英国殖民地或其他地方工作的华人有这种移民自由。他们及其家人只要登上在中国任一个开放港口里的任一艘英国船只即可。1868年,另一个条约——一个与美国签订的条约——给予那些观光、贸易或永久定居为目的的华人将家庭及对国家的效忠从一个国家转移到另一个国家的权利。从而打开了从中国移民出境的大门。

The gold boom in British Columbia in the 1850‟s was the beginning of Chinese immigration from the U.S.into Canada.Many of these early immigrants from Fujian and Guangdong provinces to San Francisco.When they heard of the gold discoveries in British Columbia, many croed the border into Canada by moving overland through Oregon or arriving by sea in Victoria.When the gold deposits were depleted(用尽,枯竭), these early settler stayed, moving into occupations like gardening, farming, domestic service, road construction, and railway building.By 1871, these were approximately 3,000 Chinese inhabitants in the province, only 53 of whom being women.1850年不列颠哥伦比亚的淘金热开始了华人从美国移民到加拿大的历程。在这些早期移民中间,很多人是从福建省、广东省乘船到达旧金山的。当听说在不列颠哥伦比亚发现了金矿,很多人从陆路穿越俄勒冈州,过边境进入加拿大,或者乘船到达维多利亚港。当金矿被淘尽的时候,这些早期的定居者留了下来,转而从事园艺、农业、家政服务、道路和铁路建设等行业。到1871年,这个省大约有3,000名华裔居民,其中只有53名妇女。 Since Chinese workers were know to be conscientious and reliable, several companies actively recruited them.As a result, it was estimated that 10,000 workers arrived between 1882 and 1884.In an effort to restrict the entry of Chinese immigrants, an act was paed in the Canadian Parliament confining the proportion to one person for every 50 tons of veel tonnage(船舶的吨数).A head tax was also imposed.Records of those who paid the head tax are still available for viewing in the National Archives of Canada.因为华人劳工以勤劳守信闻名,多家公司争相雇佣他们。结果,在1882年至1884年期间,估计来了10,000名工人。为了有效地限制华人入境,加拿大国会通过了一项法令,限制每50吨排水吨位只能运载1人,还征收人头税。那些交了人头税的人,其档案至今还可以在加拿大国家档案馆查阅到。

An article in the Illustrated London News in January 1875 gave some insight into the emigration proce of the Chinese by conveying the ideas of changes they might undergo.The author thought the modifications(修改,改造) would be slight and principally external.He believed that, in an attempt to blend in, the Chinese would adopt American language, culture, and dre.However, because the Chinese brought with them a strong sense of their own identity, it wasn‟t neceary for them to cultivate a North American way of life, nor did they feel an obligation to abandon their traditions.Much of the article would be considered insulting by today‟s standards.

1875年元月刊登在《伦敦新闻画报》上的一篇文章,通过揭示华人一些观念的改变,对移民过程做了某些深层的透视。其作者认为,他们的变化是很小的,而且基本上都是外在的。他相信在努力融入当地社会的过程中,华人接受了美洲的语言、文化和服饰。然而,因为华人总是带有一种对他们自己身份的强烈认同感,要他们养成北美的生活方式是没有必要的,他们也认为没有义务放弃自己的传统。以今天的标准来看,这篇文章的大部分内容可以被认为是带有侮辱性的。

In the United States, there were two opposing points of view.On one side of the coin, the Chinese were seen as an inexpensive means of providing the manual labor neceary to develop the aets of the country, most often in hazardous occupations.On the other side, there were those who branded them as the “curse” of the nation.Some Americans applauded the Chinese but others condemned them as evil.Some were disturbed by what might happen if all the immigrants decided to stay.Their distre was unfounded however, as most Chinese had no intention of staying.Their greatest wish was to accumulate as much money as poible and return to China.在美国,存在两种对立的观点。一方面,华人被看成廉价的劳动力,为这个国家的财富积累提供了必要的人力资源,大多数通常从事危险的职业。另一方面,又有人污蔑他们是这个国家的“祸根”。有些美国人赞扬中国人,另一些人则指责他们是恶棍。还有些人忧心忡忡于如果所有移民都决定留下来可能会发生的问题。然而,他们的担心毫无道理,因为大多数华人并没打算留下来。他们最大的愿望就是尽可能地攒钱,然后回到中国。

Guilds(行会,协会) were set up to provide lodging and employment for the emigrants, for a fee of course.The fee ensured that the worker would be paid a decent wage and that his employer would not deceive him.The accumulated fees amounted to a large sum, allowing the Guilds to help those who were ill or out of work.They not only saw that the worker received whatever was due to him, they also made him pay all his debts.The worker wasn‟t allowed to return to his own country without a certificate from his agent stating he owned nothing.为移民提供食宿和就业的行会建立了起来。当然,这是要付钱的。所付费用可以保证工人得到合理的工资,不受雇主欺骗。会费累积到很大一笔的时候,行会就能够帮助生病或失业的人。他们不仅要注意工人是否得到应得的收入,还要使他还清所有的债务。没有其代理人出具的无欠债的证明,工人是不允许回到自己国家的。

Many Chinese were able to save a portion of their earnings to take with them to their family back home.Often, after workers returned to China, they would revisit North America to accumulate more money.Before being allowed to board a ship in China, however, they had to prove that they were going to their own free will and were under no labor contract.Before the ships set sail.The authorities would visit to guarantee that all on board had their ticket stamped and were not leaving the country against their will.很多华人能够存下一部分收入,回家时带回他们的祖国。工人们回到中国后,常常会再次到北美挣更多的钱。然而,在中国,被允许上船之前,他们必须证明自己是自愿走的,并不是受劳动合同的约束。在开船之前,当局会上来检查,保证船上所有的人都检过票,并且不是违反他们的意愿离开这个国家的。

Yip Sang, born in Canton(广州旧称) in 1845, left China at the age of nineteen to seek his fortune in America.After arriving in San Francisco in 1864, he earned a living by working first as a dish-washer, then as a cook, and finally as a cigar roller.From the outset, he perceived that if he was patient and could represent the best of his race, his merits would be recognized.Poibly the attraction of high wages rumored to be offered by Canadian railroad companies roused Yip San to leave San Francisco.He arrived in Vancouver in 1881 and worked on the western portion of the Canadian pacific Railroad from 1882 until 1884, first as a book-keeper, then as a time-keeper, and finally as a paymaster(出纳员), before being promoted to Chinese superintendent(主管) for the supply company.The promotion made him responsible for hiring on contract and transporting thousands of men from China to work on the railway line in British Columbia.He supervised(监督,管理) some six to seven thousand Chinese workers during the peak of the construction.阿寿,1845年出生于广东,19岁时离开中国到美国谋生。1864年到达旧金山后,靠打工过活,先是当洗碗工,然后是厨师,最后是雪茄卷烟工。从一开始,他就认识到,只要他有耐心,能够表现出最佳的能力,就会实现他的价值。也许是受传闻中加拿大铁路公司所给的高工资的吸引,阿寿离开了旧金山。1881年他到温哥华。1882年至1884年,他在加拿大太平洋铁路的西段工作。先是做簿记员,然后是记工员,出纳员,最后被提拔为供应公司的华人主管。这次晋升使他负责雇佣合同的事务,他把几千人从中国运送到不列颠哥伦比亚的铁路线上工作。在建设高峰期间,他管理的华工达

六、七千人。

In 1885, he returned to China using the money he had saved from his CPR job.He remained there from 1885 until 1888, while there he married four different wives, a regular occurrence at the time for wealthy young men.He and his first wife, Lee She, had a son and a daughter.Lee She became gravely(严重的) ill after their marriage and urged Yip Sang to take another wife, one who could be able to take good care of their children.Wong She, Yip Sang‟s second wife, was very young with “sensitive” eyes, but did not meet with the approval of Lee Shee.She insisted he should marry third time, and this time choose someone more suitable to care for the children.Dong She, wife number three, was more mature and had the capacity to supervise the household and the children.Dong Shee convinced Yip Sang to take a fourth wife, Chin She, whose primary role was to be Dong She‟s companion.With his four wives, Yip Sang had 23 children, one of whom became the first Chinese Canadian doctor to be recognized in Canada.In 1888, Yip Sang returned to Canada with three wives——Lee She died before they left.1885年,他用在加拿大太平洋铁路公司挣的钱回到中国,并从1885年住到1888年。在那里,他娶了四个妻子。那时,对富有的年轻人来说这种情况很普遍。他和他的第一位妻子李氏有一个儿子和一个女儿。李氏在婚后得了重病,力劝他再娶一位妻子,以便照顾他们的孩子。他的第二位妻子汪氏,很年轻,有一双“多情”的眼睛,但却得不到李氏的认可。她坚持要他再结第三次婚,这次一定会选一个能够照顾孩子的。第三位妻子董氏比较成熟,有能力管理家务和照顾孩子。董氏又说服他要了第四位妻子金氏,她的主要角色是董氏的帮手。他与他的四个妻子有二十三个孩子,其中一个成为加拿大知名的第一位加籍华人医生。他和他的三个妻子于1888年回到加拿大——李氏在他们走之前已经去世。

On his return to Canada he undertook a new enterprise.He became a merchant, opening an import-export busine in the heart of Vancouver\'s Chinatown.Wing Sang Company specialized in goods imported from China.The company provided Chinese Canadians with merchandise(商品) not readily available in Vancouver and exported Canadian foodstuffs(食品) to China.这次回到加拿大,他创办了一家新企业。他成了一位商人,在温哥华唐人街的中心地段开了一家进出口公司。Wing Sang公司的业务是从中国进口货物。该公司为华裔加拿大人供应在温哥华不容易买到的商品,并把加拿大的食品出口到中国。

His formula of pouring as much money as he could afford into building and expansion couldn‟t help but succeed.In 1889, Yip Sang bought land on Pender Street in Chinatown and began construction of a complex, which still stands today.Initially(最初) being a two-story building with a ground floor storefront and a second floor residence, it was probably the first in Chinatown to be built of durable brick.Customers of the store walked on wooden platforms covering the unpaved dirt streets to avoid tracking the dust and mud into the building.他倾其所有投资房地产的方式和扩展经营的方法大获成功。1889年,阿寿在唐人街的彭得街买地,开始建一座综合大楼,这座大楼至今犹在。最初是一座两层大楼,一楼作店面,二楼住人,这也许是唐人街上用耐用砖建造的第一座楼房。顾客进商店前,要走过铺在土路街上的木板平台,以免把灰尘和泥土带进屋里。

With the tone of succe, Yip Sang added to his building.In 1901, he widened the street to accommodate three more shops, each with a second story above.He also added a third floor to the original building in the same year.In 1912, to house both his growing family and his busine, he built a new six-story brick building behind the old one and connected to it by a narrow corridor at ground level, and by an enclosed stairway extension on the third floor that stretched above the alley between the two buildings.Most of the new building was used to warehouse goods for the import/export busine.伴随成功的步伐,阿寿扩建了他的房屋。1901年,他加宽了街道以适应另外三个商店的需要,每个都是两层的。同年,他在原来的房屋上加了第三层。1912年,为满足不断增长的家庭和事业的用房需要,他在旧房子的后面建了一座六层的砖房。两座房屋之间的地面有个狭小的走廊相连,在三楼上架设了一个跨过两座楼之间小巷的楼梯。大多数房间用于储存进出口货物。

Yip Sang‟s involvement(卷入) with shipping companies and his own busine demonstrated his understanding of the freight industry and his ability to work fluently in both Chinese and English languages.In 1889, the CPR rehired Yip Sang to act as their Chinese Paenger Agent for their Canadian Steamship Line, a position he held until his death in 1927 at the age of 82.阿寿与船运公司的联系以及他自己的事业,展示了他对运输业的了解和熟练使用汉语和英语工作的能力。1889年,加拿大太平洋铁路公司再次请他担任加拿大轮船公司的华人旅客代理。他担任这个职务一直到1927年82岁去世时为止。

The demand for salted herring(鲱鱼) in china, in conjunction with huge catches being brought in by the fishing fleet, spurred Yip Sang to build a fish packing plant in Nanaimo.The succe of this plant led to the opening of a second plant on Vancouver Island soon afterward.Both plants were staffed by large numbers of Chinese workers and helped establish sizeable(相当大的) Chinese community in Nanaimo‟s downtown core.对中国咸鲱鱼的大量需求,再加上渔船船队带回来的巨大捕获量,促使阿寿在南奈莫建立了鱼片加工厂。这个厂的成功又促使他不久就在温哥华岛开了第二家。两个厂雇佣了大量的华工,帮助在南奈莫城中心建立了一个很大的华人社区。

Consistent with Yip Sang‟s devotion to growth and improvement, he promoted and fostered(支持) education.Not only did he found the Ok Kuo Night School, he also served as its principal for over ten years.His children went to public school, but they also received schooling at home from tutors hired from Hong Kong to teach them Chinese.Yip Sang took great pleasure in quizzing his offspring(子女,后代) about their leons.His philosophy was that by moderating the children‟s Canadian education with fundamental Chinese, the equation would result in well-rounded, responsible citizens.与对事业发展壮大的投入相一致的是,阿寿支持和鼓励教育。他不仅建了Ok Kuo夜校,还担任这所学校的校长达十多年。他的孩子们进的是公立学校,但他们在家还要接受教育。他从香港雇来家庭教师教他们汉语。阿寿以极大的兴致关心孩子们的学习。他的哲学是,把基础汉语加入到孩子们的加拿大教育中,综合起来将培养出更全面、更负责的公民。 As a keen advocate of education in Canada, Yip Sang also sponsored education abroad in China.The ling-nan University and Toi-shan Middle School in his hometown of Canton were established with his help.作为一个加拿大教育的热心倡导者,身在国外的阿寿还赞助中国的教育。他家乡广东的Ling-nan大学和Toi-shan中学就是在他的帮助下建立的。

Throughout his life, he maintained an active role in Vancouver‟s Chinatown.He was one of eleven men, his contemporaries, who founded the Chinese Benevolent(慈善的) Aociation, one component of which looked after the ill, elderly or destitute(贫困的) Chinese in the absence of their families.纵观他的一生,他始终是温哥华唐人街里的活跃人物。他是当时一起建立华人慈善协会的十一个人之一,协会有一个部门是照顾无家可归的生病、年迈或有困难的华人的。 When he died at the age of 82, Yip Sang was not only one of the wealthiest merchants in Vancouver; he was also considered a pillar of the community.Yip Sang‟s descendants(后裔,后代) continue to honor his values and remain active in the Vancouver Community.在他82岁去世的时候,阿寿不仅是温哥华最富有的人之一,还被认为是社会的栋梁。阿寿的后代一直以他的成熟为荣,继续在温哥华社会中发挥着积极的作用。

6、An Ideal Position [理想职业] Life is good.My career in elementary education in Canada is now just a fond memory.I think back on the many years of service and I recall the many claed I taught, the different schools I worked at, the countle staff meetings I attended and the many committees I served on.I estimate that the number of faculty members I worked with over the years is in the hundreds and well over a thousand students have called me teacher.Is it any wonder that I can say that I always felt comfortable walking in school corridors? 生活是美好的。在加拿大教小学的职业生涯,如今成了美好的回忆。回顾多年的工作,我想起了我教的许多班级,我工作过的多所学校,我出席过的数不清的教职员工会议,以及我参与服务的众多委员会。我估计,这些年来,和我一起工作过的同事有好几百人了,而有一千多名学生叫过我老师。我要是说我走在学校走廊上总是觉得很愉快,没什么奇怪吧? Sometimes I worked with students at the intermediate level.In Canada, students at that level are youth in their preteen(青春期前的) years as well as teenagers.When I decided to retire, I knew that the first step in the procedure was to write a letter to my employer, a school board, to resign my position.I postponed mailing the letter.I was reluctant to add the postage to the letter, knowing that once I mailed it, the decision could not be reversed.有时,我的工作是教中年级的学生。在加拿大,这个阶段的学生和十几岁青少年都是青春期前的孩子。

当我决定退休的时候,我知道办手续的第一步是写一封信给我的老板,即学校董事会,要求辞去我的工作。我推迟了寄信。我不太愿意把邮票贴到信封上,因为我知道一旦把信寄出,这个决定就不能更改了。

Because I was a veteran teacher of many years, I would be eligible to receive a pension.I calculated that the revenue(收入) I would receive each month would be sufficient to sustain my current lifestyle.If I was smart about my spending habits, I might even have a surplus of money.I certainly would not need to pinch every penny.I knew the money would not come to me in the form of a check.Instead, it would be deposited directly into my bank account.I could withdraw cash from my investments if I needed to supplement my income, my credit rating would allow me to be eligible for a loan when some unforeseen(预料不到的) financial crisis a rose.I knew, therefore, that there was no reason to panic, as my future was secure even if inflation increased or a receion occurred.In either case my income would only be minus a few dollars, a fraction of the total amount.因为我是工作多年的老教师,我有资格领取一份退休金。我算出我每月领到的退休金足够维持我现在的生活方式。如果在花钱时精打细算,我甚至可能还有剩余。当然,我不需要去节省每个便士。这些钱不会以一张支票的形式发到我手上,而是直接存入到我的银行账户。如果我需要补贴收入,可以撤回一些投资换成现金。而且,我的信用等级使我有资格在出现无法预料的财政危机时得到银行贷款。因此,我知道没有理由惊惶失措,即使是通货膨胀或者出现经济衰退,我的将来也是有保障的。不论出现哪种情况,我的收入只不过是减少这些钱,那只是总数中的一小部分而已。

I decided to take the plunge, but waited another fortnight before I mailed the letter.I even paused briefly(简短的,暂时的) with the letter part way into the mail slot(投信口,狭缝) before I thrust the letter into the mailbox.I knew that the simple act of mailing that letter would alter my life.我决定冒险一试,但我又等了两个星期才把信发出去。甚至在信已经部分插入投信口时,还犹豫了一会儿才把它推进邮筒。我知道寄出这封信的这一简单举动将改变我的生活。 I looked for clues to determine how striking the changes in my daily life would be.How would I spend my time? In spite of having many long yearly vacations when I could pursue other interests, I had not bothered to make an earnest effort to confine my activities to one particular hobby.Would I find life as a retiree boring? What new adventures might await me? Would I use my time to volunteer at a hospital or maybe work for a local charity? Maybe I would apply for membership in a golf league.Maybe I would donate(捐赠) my time and work with the Better Busine Bureau.I night decide to enter local politics and run for a position on town council or I could run for the position of Deputy Mayor of my town, or maybe even consider submitting my name to be a candidate in an election for member of parliament(国会).I would need to campaign and then wait to see if people would vote for me on Election Day at the polls.我在寻找一些线索,以便决定如何就会日常生活的改变。我该如何消磨时光?尽管有了很多一年一次的假期,可以让我追求其他的兴趣爱好,我还是想尽力把我的活动放在追求一个特别的爱好上。我会厌烦退休人员的生活吗?会有什么新的冒险生活在等着我吗?我会利用我的时间在一所医院或者本地的一家慈善机构做自愿服务者吗?也许我会申请成为一个高尔夫球协会的会员。也许我会把时间贡献出来为商业扶助局工作。我可以决定进入本地的政界,竞选市议会议员的位置,或者可以竞选一下本市的副市长,甚至可以考虑让自己成为国会议员选举中的一位候选人。我需要参加竞选活动,然后,等着看是否有人会在选举日到投票处把票投给我。

In spite of the fact that the poibilities all had merit, I had to admit that I only had a superficial interest in pursuing any of them.In fact, I was indifferent to most of the options.Did I think they might interfere with other commitments(义务,委托) or mean I would have to cancel other appointments? Or was I just too attached to the idea of teaching, feeling that it formed part of my identity? 尽管这些可能的选择都是有益的,我必须承认我对它们之中的任何一个都没有多大兴趣。事实上,我对其中的大多数选择都不动心。是否因为我认为它们可能干扰我决定要做的其他事情,或者意味着我将不得不取消其他的约会呢?还是我对教书的想法太执着,觉得那已经成为我自身的一部分?

I examined my emotions about the new direction my life would take.Would retirement add a new dimension to my life and multiply my feeling of satisfaction or would the world apprehension(理解,领悟) be more applicable? 我在心里仔细衡量着我的新生活究竟要走向何方。是退休给我的生活带来一种全新的方式,使我倍感称心呢,还是(走出去与人)沟通交流更切实可行?

Did I feel guilty about not being gainfully(有利益的) employed when I was qualified and capable? As a certified(被证明的) teacher, did I feel obligated to work in the field of education? Did I feel entitled to sleep in late each day, or would that bother my conscience? Would I simply grow old gracefully or would feel that ridiculous? 当我够资格有能力但没被高薪聘用时,我会觉得惭愧吗?作为一个有执业资格的教师,我是觉得有义务在教育领域里工作吗?我觉得有资格每天睡懒觉呢,还是那样会使我良心不安?我是这样悠闲地衰老下去呢,还是会觉得那样很可笑?

My instincts told me that although I would feel grateful for my good health, curiosity about other countries and lifestyles would overtake the desire to spend my time with senior citizens, playing board games, such as che all day.Wouldn‟t I rather learn about other cultures and at the same time be an ambaador for my own country? 我本能地告诉我,尽管我觉得身体很健康,应该保持,但对其他国家和其他生活方式的好奇心,超过了希望把时间花在与老人们整天玩像国际象棋这样的棋盘游戏上。难道我不能学习其他文化,同时做一名我自己国家文化的使者吗?

I began to inquire about opportunities and whenever I searched the internet for jobs, I always seemed be drawn like a magnet to the category of teaching.It did not take long before I found that there were countle positions available in many countries.Amid the listings I identified several that were for teaching positions in China.我开始寻找机会,每当我搜索互联网寻找工作时,我总是像一块磁石一样被吸引到教学目录上。没过多久,我就发现在许多国家可以得到数不尽的工作。在这些目录表中,我挑选了几个在中国的教书工作。

I decided that I would communicate with some of the people offering these positions.I sent e-mails and made phone calls to several prospective(可能的,未来的) employers.The feedback that I got from most of them was that they expected me to bring all the resources neceary.How could I pack enough in my baggage to provide what was needed? I was inclined to look for a situation where books were provided.I wanted to sign a contract for only one semester but found that most positions were for one or two years.I could sympathize with the amount of paper work needed to arrange for a person to accept one of those positions and realized that it was wiser for people to spend a year or two in one location.I attended seminars by companies trying to recruit teachers.I found several companies that captured my interest.我决定与提供这些工作的人联系。我给几个有希望雇用我的雇主发电子邮件,打电话。他们中的大部分回答说,他们希望我带上所有必需的资料。我怎样才能在我的行李中装上足够的东西以备所需呢?我倾向于找一个能提供书籍的地方。我只想签一个学期的合同,但发现大多数的职位是一年或二年。我可以理解,要安排一个人担任其中一个职位,要做的工作量相当大,并认识到受聘人员在一个地方呆一年或两年是更明智的。我参加了想招聘老师的公司的讨论会。我发现了几个我感兴趣的公司。

I began to review my options.I asked specific questions about the positions with companies that sincerely interested me.I inquired about how many suitcases I would be allowed to bring and what the living accommodations would be.It was refreshing to realize that there was a big demand for people who could teach English.Several positions seemed superior in their benefits and they sparked my interest even more.I especially wanted to teach students at the secondary or high school level rather than middle school.我开始核实我的选择。我向真正对我感兴趣的公司问了几个特定的有关职位方面的问题。我询问我可以带多少个手提箱,食宿条件如何。了解到对教英语的人有这么大的需求,真是令人振奋不已。有几个职位在待遇方面好像不错,这更加激发了我的兴趣。我特别想教的是高中而不是初中。

I could hardly believe that I was contemplating(盘算,思量) dong this at this age of my life.At times I felt that it was a radical idea but I also realized that I had always had the desire to have this kind of experience but circumstances never seemed quite right.Now they were.I decided to proceed.我几乎不相信在我一生中的这个阶段还希望做这件事。有时,我觉得这是一个过激的想法,但是我也知道我一直有想获得这种经历的欲望,只是环境从来没有这么合适。现在是时候了。我决定坚持下去。

I made an oral agreement with a company.I read their written contracts, clause by clause; to be sure nothing had been omitted from the oral agreement.In spite of wanting the clause about staying two years to be deleted, I signed the legal contract after a few minor changes were made and initialed in the margin.我与一家公司达成了一个口头协议。然后我一条一条地读了他们的书面合同,确信没有从口头协议中漏掉什么。尽管很想删掉关于工作二年的那一条,但在做了一些较小的变动后,我签了法律合同并在页边签字。

There were many details to consider.After choosing the company that I wanted to work for, I still had to take a long time look at my circumstances.I decided that I would sell my car, put my personal belongings in storage and rent my house.A lot of time and effort was required to make all the arrangements.I decided to tackle(解决) one aspect at a time.还有很多细节要考虑。在选定了我要去工作的公司后,我还花了很长时间认真地考虑我现在的状况。我决定卖掉我的汽车,把我的个人财产保存好,并把我的房子租出去。做好所有这些安排要花许多时间和精力。我决定一件一件来处理。

The first thing I targeted was to sell my car.As a matter of principle, I felt that the value of the car would depreciate(贬值,跌价) over the time I was out of the country.The sensible strategy was to sell it.Fortunately, my niece wanted to buy the car.我要做的第一件事是卖掉我的汽车。事实上,我觉得在我出国这段时间里汽车会贬值,明智的办法就是卖掉它。正好,我的侄女想买这辆汽车。

I made a list of things to take with me.I was advised to take auxiliary light.I packed battery-operated flashlights to be used to case of power failure.I included a waterproof jacket in case I needed to walk to school in the rain.我列出了一个我要带走的物品的清单。有人劝我带上辅助照明设备。我在包里装进了使用电池的手电筒,以备万一停电时使用。我也没忘带上一件防水夹克,以防下雨时需要步行。 I needed to sort my belongings.I had to decide what to save and what to pitch out.For example, I decided I no longer needed my typewriter, as I only used my computer for word proceing now, so I decided to give it away.我需要的把我的财产分类。我必须决定哪些东西保留,哪些东西扔掉。例如,我决定不再需要打字机了,因为现在我只用计算机作文字处理,于是我决定把它赠送给别人。

I made many lists and developed a cold as a way to catalogue my poeions.As I packed items in cardboard boxes, I made a list regarding the contents on the outside of each box.I packed dishes in towels to protect them.Many times I had to undo a box because I forgot to list the contents.When I finally snapped the lid of a box shut, I sealed it with transparent tape and checked to be sure that it would not loosen.I also included another tag, which gave each box a number because all cardboard boxes look identical.I was careful not to abbreviate(缩写) the names of items in the lists lest that would mislead me as to the contents.I continued with this method, which also created an index of items.It seemed the rational way to coordinate and organize things.I remarked many times during this phase of my preparations that I had not realized I had so much gear.我做了许多目录,还作了编码,作为对我的东西进行分类的一个办法。当我把这些物品装入纸板箱时,在每个箱子的外面,我再作一个所装物品的目录。我用毛巾把盘子包起来保护它们不会破碎。有很多次,我因为忘记列出所装的东西而不得不再次把箱子打开。当我在最后啪嗒一声关上箱子盖子的时候,我就用透明胶带把它封好,并进行检查,确信它不会松动。我还准备了另一个标签,为每个箱子编一个数字,因为所有的纸板箱看上去是一样的。我很小心,不在目录中缩写每一件的名字以免使我认错里面的东西。我继续使用这个方法,还编制了一个物品索引。看来这是一个组织协调的合理方法。在准备期间,我多次感叹,我怎么会有这么多杂物。

At times I had to laugh at myself.My activities seemed like they would make a good script for a comedy.Maybe I should write a play about what I was doing and copyright it.It certainly would be good for a few scenes on a soap opera.有时,我不得不自我解嘲。我的活动好像可以作为一出喜剧的好素材。也许我应该把我正在做的事情写成一个剧本并取得版权,作为一出肥皂剧里面的几幕肯定是不错的。

On the spur of the moment I decided to loan my sofa and my rug to my niece who was moving to a larger home.That would mean a few le things to put into storage.I fulfilled my obligation to provide proof of good health.I had a chest x-ray taken.I had a complete physical examination.I had dental check up.Because my health reports all indicated I was in excellent health, all of the health care profeionals I visited encouraged me to pursue my adventure.I renewed my paport, my proof of identity as a Canadian citizen.I knew that once I arrived in China I would also be registered with the Canadian Embay.我不假思索地就决定把我的沙发和我的小地毯借给我的侄女,她就要搬到一个较大的家了。这意味着可以少储藏几件东西了。我履行了提供身体健康证明的义务。我作了X光胸透,还作了一个全面的体检,并且检查了牙齿。因为所有的健康报告都表明我身体很好,我拜访过的那些保健专家都鼓励我去从事我的冒险活动。我延长了护照的期限,那是确认我是一个加拿大公民的证明。一旦抵达中国,我要在加拿大使馆登记。

My family‟s reaction when I told them about my plans was as expected.Although they sanctioned my idea and supported me the endeavor(努力,尽力), they were sad to think that I would be half way acro the world for such a long time.The frown on my grandson‟s face told me that the situation would be especially difficult for him and that he might feel neglected by me.当我把我的计划告诉我的家人时,他们的反应和我预料的一样。虽然他们同意我的想法而且尽力支持我,但想到我要横跨半个世界,离开如此长的时间,他们还是有点难过。我孙子眉头紧锁的表情告诉我,他尤其难过,他可能觉得我忽视了他。 Although I could scarcely argue with the comments of my family about their feelings, for their sake I talked about the time away from home as if it was just a few short days.I would be backing home before they knew it.They suggested that I come back after one year for the summer and then return for the second year.I agreed to this plan.对于我家人的担心,虽然我不用就他们的意见进行解释,但为了让他们放心,我说这次离家的时间就好像只是短短几天罢了,不知不觉我就回家了。他们提议我在一年之后回来过夏天,然后再返回去继续第二年的工作。我同意了这个计划。

Five years ago, would I have thought that this was in the realm of poibility? I doubt that I would have.But here I am in China, in my second year of living in this amazingly progreive civilization, and I can honestly say that I have never once regretted my decision to teach in China.I must also admit that I have learned far more from my students than they have learned from me.I admire their thirst for knowledge and they seem to thrive on challenges.They never seen tempted to take a short cut, always working hard and giving a supreme effort.Their tolerance for their English teacher‟s lack of familiarity with Chinese customs has been appreciated.They always are positive in their attitudes toward me and have helped me whenever they could.At times they have insisted on doing things for me that was capable of doing myself.It has become a habit to surrender to their wishes to aist.One student in particular always takes on the job of carrying my packages, saying that it is his pleasure to be my porter.在五年前,我会想到这是可能的吗?我想我不会。但是,现在我就在另,已经是在这个正以惊人的速度前进的文明国度里的第二年了。我可以真诚地说,对于在中国教书的决定,我从不曾后悔过。我还得承认,我从学生们那里学到的东西,远多于他们从我这里学到的。我钦佩他们对知识的渴望,他们含金量在挑战之中成长。他们从不设法走捷径,总是刻苦学习,付出最大的努力。他们对他们的英语老师对中国习俗缺乏了解的宽容,值得赞赏。他们总是以肯定的态度待我,并且尽可能给我帮助。有时,他们要坚持为我做我能够做的事。满足他们要帮忙的愿望已经变成一个习惯了。有一个学生很特别,总是干帮我提包的事,说他很高兴当我的搬运工。

When I started to plan this adventure I had only a vague idea of what the country of china would be like.I could recognize their flag but was not even familiar with their national anthem(国歌).My comprehension of the customs of the country was very limited I felt almost ashamed at how little I knew.I did not know if they used the metric or the imperial(英制的) system of measurement.Would I buy fluids such as milk and soda in quarts or liters? Would I need to learn the Chinese word for gram or for inch? Indeed I had never heard the word „jin‟ before.

当我开始计划这次冒险时,对于中国到底是个什么样子,我只有一个模糊的概念。我可以认出他们的国旗,但还不熟悉他们的国歌。我对这个国家的习俗的了解也非常有限。我觉得惭愧得很,我知道得太少了。我不知道他们是用公制还是英制单位。我要按夸脱还是按升去买牛奶和苏打等液体商品?我需要学习表示“克”或“英寸”的中国字吗?的确,我以前从未听到过“斤”这个字。

I knew little about the food I would be eating.Would dairy products such as skim milk and cheese and yoghurt(酸酪) be available? Would I eat only rice and noodles or would the variety of foods be endle? May be I would be enjoying a rack of lean pork ribs as a delicious treat.I was unaware that there were so many dialects in the Chinese language.I had no idea how I would communicate but when I arrived in china, I soon found myself having a limited dialogue with Chinese people.They would try to speak a few words of English and I would attempt a few words in Chinese.However, I resorted to sign language more than words.对于我将要吃的食品,我知道得很少。可以买到像脱脂牛奶、乳酪和酸酪这样的奶制品吗?我只能吃米饭和面条,还是有各种各样的食品?也许我能享受到作为美味款待的烤瘦肉猪排。我不知道汉语有这么多方言。我一点儿不知道如何进行交流,但是当我抵达中国后,很快发现我自己可以和中国人进行有限的对话。他们常常试着说几句英语,而我就尝试几句汉语。不过,我借助手势语的时候超过口语。

How much I have learned! It has been a wonderful, rewarding experience and the one comment that comes to my mind is “I wouldn‟t have mied it for the world!”

我居然学了这么多!这真是一次令人愉快的、十分有益的经历。这使我想起了一句话,就是“无论如何我没有错过它!”

7、A History of Christmas [圣诞节的历史] Christmas is the most cheerful and holy of holidays in the Christian world, which boasts of an estimated 1.8 billion people.Although the origin of this holiday was purely religious, it has evolved into a highly secular(长期的,世俗的) celebration each year.However, strong religious components are still conveyed in various ways each year.The two are intrinsically(本质上的,完全的) mixed in the midst of modern commercialism(商业主义) and attached to.圣诞节是号称有大约18亿教徒里的基督教世界里最愉快、最神圣的节日。尽管这个节日的起因纯粹是宗教性的,但它已演变成了每年的非常世俗化的庆祝活动。不守,纯粹宗教性的部分每年还是在以各种方式进行着。二者在现代重商主义中,很自然地融合在一起。 Christmas day fall on December 25th each year, celebrating the birth of Jesus Christ, the son of a carpenter living over two thousand years ago.Christianity(基督教), the movement following the teachings of Christ, roused the world over the next many centuries.It is said that the first celebration of Christmas took place in 336 A.D.in Ancient Rome.No one seems to know for sure if December 25th was actually the date of Christ‟s birth, but it is poible that Christian leaders in Ancient Rome wanted to replace pagan(异教的) religious holidays that occurred around the same time.圣诞节时值每年的12月25日,是耶稣基督的诞生庆典,他是两千多年前的一个木匠的儿子。基督教,这场追随基督教义的运动,在接下来的几个世纪里影响了全世界。据说,圣诞节的第一次庆祝活动是在公元336年的古罗马举行的。好像没有人能肯定12月25日就是基督的实际诞生日,而更有可能的是,古罗马的基督教领导人想要以此取代几乎同时举行的异教徒的宗教节日。

Many secular symbols of Christmas have emerged over several centuries.Santa Claus, in his present form, is a fairly recent development whereas his origin, in part, goes back to Roman times.St.Nicholas was an early Christian Bishop (主教) of Patara of the Lycian seaport (in present-day Turkey) in the 4th century A.D.The Roman Emperor Diocletian, who persecuted Christians, imprisoned(监禁,关押) him because the practice of Christianity was illegal.The first Christian Emperor of Rome, Constantine, later released him.Nicholas‟ reputation for generosity(慷慨,大方), kindne and miracles earned him a widespread reputation and eventually sainthood(圣徒).He is said to have brought back life to the children who had been chopped into pieces by their butcher father.He is reputed to have placed some gold coins in stockings, hung by a fire to dry by three poor girls.He had hoped that the girls would be able to use the money to marry to avoid living on prostitution(卖淫), the common destiny(命运) of such girls at that time.From this gesture came the tradition of empty oversize(特大的) stockings hanging on fireplaces at Christmas time for Santa to fill with little gifts.From these roots, the present-day Santa Claus seems to have emerged.圣诞节的很多世俗象征已经出现好几个世纪了。现在这种形象的圣诞老人,可以说是最近才出现的。然而,他的起源却可以部分追溯到古罗马时代。圣·尼古拉斯是公元4世纪时利西亚海港的帕塔拉(在现今的土耳其)的一个早期的基督教主教。迫害基督教徒的罗马皇帝戴克里以非法宣扬基督教的罪名把他关进了监狱。后来,罗马的第一位信仰基督教的皇帝康士坦丁释放了他。尼古拉斯的慷慨、仁慈和圣迹为他赢得了广泛的声誉,最终被尊为圣徒。据说,他恢复了被他们那屠夫父亲砍成碎片的孩子们的生命。还说他在三个可怜女孩挂起来用火烘烤的长袜子里放了一些金币,希望这些女孩能用这些钱结婚,以免沦为妓女,而在那个时代,这种女孩的命运大多就是这样。在圣诞节,把特大号的空长袜挂在壁炉上面让圣诞老人放一些小礼物的传统,就来自这个故事。根据这些传说,现代的圣诞老人的形象似乎显现出来。 In some European countries, the image of Father Christmas is identified more closely with Saint Nicholas than with Santa Claus.The red and white suit, that Santa wears, is said to have come from the traditional color of early Christian Bishops‟ robes.Santa, flying in a sleigh(雪橇) pulled by reindeer(驯鹿), and going down chimneys, originated(起源) from an American poem written in the 1820‟s, another American made an engraving(雕刻术) called “Santa‟s Workshop” in which Santa, is portrayed(描绘,描写) in a lovely sunset, scratching his chin, reading letters and checking a list activities which was revived(复苏,苏醒) every year in music and stories told to children during the yuletide(圣诞季节) (Christmas) season.Every year children write letters to Santa Claus before Christmas, asking him to bring favorite toys.在一些欧洲国家,圣诞老人的形象更多的是与圣?尼古拉斯联系在一起,而不是与Santa Claus联系在一起。圣诞老人穿的红白相间的服装,据说是来自早期基督教主教的长袍的传统颜色。在驯鹿拉的雪橇上飞翔、从烟囱里下来的圣诞老人,源自19世纪20年代克莱门特·摩尔写的一首美国诗“圣诞节的前夜”。19世纪60年代,另一个美国人制作了一幅版画,叫做“圣诞老人的作坊”,上面的圣诞老人被描绘成在美丽的落日余晖下,挠着下巴,读着信,检查一份清单(每年在圣诞节以音乐和故事的形式反复告诉孩子们的各种活动都列在这份清单上)。每年,孩子们在圣诞节之前给圣诞老人写信,请他带来他们最喜欢的玩具。 Santa traditionally navigates(航海) the frosty night skies December 24th without using a compa or a chart to plot his course.He, in his sleigh pulled by nine reindeer, usually lands on slippery sloped roofs.Clumsily(笨拙的), with his big bag heaped with toys and slung(用带吊挂) over his shoulder, he jumps down chimney and dumps toys under Christmas trees.Gifts often include a doll for a little girl or a train for a little boy.He does all of this without disturbing the inhabitants.Santa then crawls vertically back up the chimneys and, without a trace, flies off, exclaiming the resounding phrase, “Merry Christmas to all, good night”.He is back at his home at the North Pole before dawn on Christmas morning, tired but very happy after his very speedy sweep around the world.After a big yawn, Santa falls asleep.根据传说,圣诞老人在12月24日深夜,在寒冷的夜空飞翔,不用使用指南针或者地图来计划他的路线。他坐在由九头驯鹿拉着的雪橇上,在通常很滑的斜屋顶上降落。他笨拙地扛着一个装满玩具的大口袋,从烟囱里跳下来,把玩具倒在圣诞树下。礼品中常常有送给小女孩的一个洋娃娃,或送给小男孩的一辆小火车。他无声无息地做着这一切,然后垂直向上从烟囱里爬回去,不留一点痕迹,飞走时大声地说着那句人们熟知的话:“祝大家圣诞快乐,晚安”。在圣诞节清晨破晓之前,他回到在北极的家里。在全世界快速飞奔了一夜,很疲倦却非常愉快。打了一个大呵欠后,圣诞老人就睡着了。

Christmas carols(圣诞颂歌), or Christmas religious songs, began in the middle Ages when people danced and sang religious songs on village greens (central gathering areas in small towns and villages) in Anglo-Saxon England.A Christmas carol today is a religious tune without the dance aociated with it.圣诞节颂歌,也叫基督教宗教歌曲,始于中世纪时期。那时,在盎格鲁撒克逊人的英格兰,人们在乡村草地上(小镇或村庄的聚集中心)跳舞,唱宗教歌曲。今天的圣诞节颂歌只是一道宗教曲子,没有与之相配合的舞蹈。

A strong religious tradition today, as in other times, is to go to church at midnight of Christmas Eve or on Christmas morning.A priest may say ma (in a Catholic[天主教的] Church) or preach(宣讲教义) a sermon(布道) about the significance of the birth of Christ.今天的一项强烈的宗教传统,像其他时期一样,是在圣诞节前夕午夜或圣诞节早晨去教堂做礼拜。牧师可能作弥撒(在天主教堂)或者布道宣讲救世主诞生的重要性。

Another very prominent symbol of Christmas is the Christmas tree.There are several explanations for its origin.One story suggests that Martin Luther was walking through a wood on a clear winter night admiring the beauty of the bright stars glowing through the branches of trees.He decided to cut down a small evergreen tree and take it home.He put candles in it to represent the stars he had seen earlier because he wanted to share that beautiful image with his family.圣诞节另一个显著的象征是圣诞树。关于它的起源有好几种说法。有一个故事说,在一个清冷的冬季夜晚,马丁路德走过一个树林,十分惊羡明亮的星光洒过树枝的美丽。他决定砍下一棵常青树带回家。他在树上放上蜡烛代替他看到过的星星,因为他想与家人一起分享那美丽的景色。

Another story tells of the bringing of an evergreen tree inside the home during winter solstice(至日,至点) (December 21st) symbolizing the renewal(复活,复兴) of life in the dead of winter.It became aociated with Christmas, which occurs only four days later.The Christmas tree was firmly established as a Christmas symbol by the Germans who eventually brought it to America.In Victorian England, people hung cakes and candies on it and later, fruit made of paper adorned(装饰) the branches.Modern commercial tree decorations appeared in the 1880‟s at Woolworth‟s Department Store in the United States, and electric Christmas tree lights made their debut(初次登场) in 1882.另一个故事讲的是,在冬至(12月21日)这一天,把一棵常青树搬回家,象征着在死寂的冬天生命的复苏。把它与圣诞节联系在一起,只因刚好四天之后便是圣诞节。德国人把圣诞树确立为一种圣诞节的象征,后来又将之带到了美国。在维多利亚女王时期的英格兰,人们把蛋糕和糖果挂在树上,以后,又用纸做的水果装饰树枝。现在商店卖的圣诞树装饰品出现在19世纪80年代美国的伍尔沃斯百货商店,而圣诞树上装彩灯则始于1882年。 The first Christmas cards were sent in the 1840‟s in both England and America.Gift giving probably stems from the Bible where it is written that three kings, bearing gifts from the Orient(东方), visited Bethlehem when Jesus was born.We know that St.Nicholas also gave gifts.A later tradition developed, whereby gifts were given on each of the twelve days of Christmas, from December 25th, when Jesus allegedly(据说,传说) was born, to January 6th, when Jesus was apparently baptized(洗涤,实行浸礼) (the Epiphany).There is a popular song called the “Twelve Days of Christmas” that keeps this tradition alive each year.We understand that Macy‟s Department Store in New York City introduced the annual Christmas or Santa Claus Parade during the 1880‟s.Today, in late November, or early December, a Christmas Parade is held in almost every city and town in Europe and America.第一批圣诞贺卡是19世纪40年代在英格兰和美国寄出的。赠送礼物可能源于《圣经》,里面写到,耶稣诞生时三个国王带着礼物从东方来访问伯利恒。我们知道圣?尼古拉斯也送礼物。后来发展起来的传统是在圣诞节的12天里,从声称耶稣诞生的12月25日,到耶稣公开受洗礼的1月6日(主显节),每天都送礼。有一首叫做“圣诞节的12天”的流行歌曲,使每年的这种传统保持下来。我们知道,每年的圣诞节或圣诞老人游行是在19世纪80年代,由纽约市的梅西百货公司引入的。如今,在11月底或12月初,圣诞节游行几乎在欧美的每个城镇举行。

Early on the night before Christmas (Christmas Eve), children are encouraged to go to bed early if they expect Santa to come.They lay their heads on their pillows with visions of what the next day will bring.Santa is invisible to children since no one has actually seen him, his sleigh, or reindeer on Christmas Eve.圣诞节前的晚上(圣诞节前夕),孩子们被鼓励说,如果他们希望圣诞老人来的话,就要早些上床睡觉。他们把头放到枕头上时,就在幻想第二天会带来什么东西。在圣诞节前夕,孩子们是看不见圣诞老人的,因为实际上没有人看见过他、他的雪橇以及他的驯鹿。

On Christmas Day, families usually get together for a roast goose or turkey(火鸡) dinner served with mashed(压碎的) potatoes, gravy(肉汁), cranberry sauce, and pie or pudding(一种甜点心) for deert.Grown-ups will pour a gla or two of wine or other spirits(烈酒).Together, families will openly exchange gifts and gratitude.Children, including cousins, nieces and nephews, often kneel on the floor in front of the tree, excitedly trying to find presents with their names on them.On that day, warm receptions are extended to everyone, friend or stranger.在圣诞节,一家人通常聚在一起吃烤鹅或者烤火鸡,还有土豆泥、肉汤、酸果沙司和作为餐末甜点的馅饼或布丁。大众们会倒上

一、两杯葡萄酒或其他烈酒。聚到一起时,家人们公开地交换礼物和表达感谢之情。孩子们,包括堂、表兄弟姐妹,侄儿、侄女,外甥、外甥女,常常跪在树前的地板上,兴奋地寻找上面定有他们名字的礼物。那天每一个人都会受到热情接待,不管是朋友还是陌生人。

For many merchants, Christmas has become the economic boom season of the year.It is estimated that a major percentage of the annual yield of revenue from sales is generated during the month or more of intense Christmas shopping before Christmas.As a matter of fact, there has been some debate for years that Christmas has become too commercialized and that the true meaning of Christmas is gradually disappearing.An escalating(逐步上升的) tendency has been to buy more and more expensive gifts each year.Some people go into debt, sometimes owing more than they can easily pay back.Some people are personally beginning to rethink(反思) this commercial approach to Christmas.However, toy manufacturers and their contemporaries in advertising make a killing during this period.Christmas shopping hits a peak(最高点,顶峰) on Boxing Day, the day after Christmas, when stores offer great discounts to unload the unsold Christmas merchandise(商品).This is usually the busiest shopping day of the year.对于很多商人来说,圣诞节成了一年中生意电繁荣的时节。据估计,全年销售收入的很大一部分,来自在圣诞节前圣诞大采购的一个多月里。实际上,已经争论多年的话题是,圣诞节太商业化了,而其真正意义在逐渐消失。一个日益明显的倾向是每年要买越来越多的贵重礼物。有些人已经私下开始反思这种圣诞节的商业行为了。玩具制造商及其广告业的同伙们,在这个期间大大地赚了一笔。圣诞采购在圣诞节后的一天即节礼日达到高峰,这个时候商店大打折扣,倾销没有卖完的圣诞商品。通常,这是一年中最忙的采购日。

Christmas has spread far and wide acro the globe.My wife and I lived in Beijing last year.During the Christmas season, we saw many Christmas decorations and heard a lot of western Christmas music in department stores.It seemed little different from Toronto, Canada.We celebrated Christmas much as we would have in Canada, except that we weren‟t with our families in our homes during that very special family-oriented holiday season.We have great memories of Christmases of the past and look forward to many more great Christmas memories in the future.圣诞节在全球广泛传播开来。去年,我和妻子住在北京时,在圣诞节期间,我们在百货商店里看到了很多圣诞节装饰品,听到了许多西方圣诞音乐。与加拿大多伦多几乎没什么区别。除了不是和我们的家人在一起,我们就像是在加拿大一样,庆祝了圣诞节。在我们家乡,这个季节是一个特别适合全家一起过的节日。我们对过去的圣诞节还有很深刻的印象,也盼望将来有更多值得回忆的圣诞节。

8、A Time to Say Hello [相知相识] The year began softly.The weather in Southern China was warm and so were the students.The unexpected events of the year to come began to unfold, much too soon to become only an innocent treasured memory.Something precious should be held tight and not let it go.It was to be a year of surprises and a year of love.The Chinese have an expreion for it, “Yuan fen”.A westerner would only question why and how.With your permiion let us share the experience together.这一年悄然开始了。在中国的南方,气候温暖宜人,学生们热情有加。来年中那些意想不到的事情开始展现出来,很快,又会变成清纯美好的回忆。应当把握真情,不言放弃。那是一年的惊喜,一年的爱意。对此,汉语里有个说法叫做“缘分”。西方人可能只会问为什么,怎么了。要是你愿意的话,那么就请与我一起来分享这段经历吧。

He sat at the front of the claroom looking anxious but attentive.In those first few days, his eyes bright with anticipation(期望) sought approval from me, his teacher.He claims now that he understood very little content in the leons of the first few weeks.However, he succefully managed to give the appropriate illusion(假象,错觉) of understanding well.He made me laugh and his peering was also delighted in his sense of humor.He dreed with attention to detail, and his neat appearance, whether in jeans or current fashion, was distinct, a cool guy! There was always something enchanting(使迷惑) in his smile, he was charming and handsome and he knew it! Moreover, he was a gentleman.His eyes revealed so much when they crinkled(起皱) with laughter, the mask removed, or conversely remained inscrutable(难以理解的,神秘的) like still pools of liquid chocolate, containing only a hint of belief.他坐在教室的前面,看起来有些焦急忧虑,但很专心。最初的那几天,他那明亮的眼睛里,充满了得到我这个老师认同的渴望。现在,他承认,对于头几个星期的课程,他几乎没听懂。然而,他却设法装成了理解得差不多的样子。我禁不住感到好笑,他那很有幽默感的凝视也显露出高兴的样子。他的穿着很注意细节,外表整洁,不管是牛仔裤还是时装都别具一格,简直酷极了。他的微笑总是那么迷人。他英俊潇洒,讨人喜欢,他自己也深知这一点。而且,他也是绅士。他有时眯着眼笑的时候,就抛掉了所有的掩饰,有时又故作神秘,像一杯平静的热巧克力,叫价难以捉摸。不管怎样,他的眼睛都流露出他的绅士风范。

他第一次写作业,就表露出他喜欢我,并希望我们成为朋友,“非常好的朋友”。那时,我们都没想到这个预言最终会变成现实。我只在心里笑了笑。那是表露我毫不知情的几次笑声中的第一次。从此,他出现在我的课堂和我的生活里。 His first writing aignment revealed the fact that he liked me and that he hoped we could be friends, “very good friends”.At that time neither of us suspected just how true that prophecy(预言) would eventually become.Inwardly, I just laughed.This was the first of several laughs that showed how little I understood.His presence permeated(散布,弥漫) my claroom and my world.About a month later our lives began to intertwine(相互缠绕) and the delicately woven pattern of our lives began to become more intricate(错综复杂) in the coming year.Relationships occur on many levels.Layer upon layer must separate in order for us to speak of inner feelings.It is up to the individual to analyze the variety of feelings at each level.大约一个月后,我们的交往变得密切起来。这种精心培植的生活模式,在新的一年中变得更加微妙。关系涉及到诸多层次,只有把各个层次分开,我们才能说出内心感受。我们必须按各自的观点去分析在每个层次的不同感受。

As time paed, we shared our viewpoints and feelings through conversation while chatting(聊天) over tea and coffee, arousing the emotion deep in our hearts.One day flowed smoothly into another.Familiar experience for me proved to be exciting and stimulating for him.Western festival celebrations like Halloween(万圣节前夕), Christmas and Valentine‟s Day(情人节) provided an avenue to celebrate together, to share warmth and good times.Traveling to new places introduce me to an enticing(迷人的) new world.随着时间的流逝,我们快乐地在一起交谈,一边品茶、饮咖啡,一边聊天,述说自己的观点和感受,在我们内心深处涌动着热烈的情谊。不知不觉中,日子一天一天地过去了。我所熟悉的那些感觉竟然也使他兴奋、激动。像万圣节前夕、圣诞节和情人节这些西方的喜庆节日,为我们提供了在一起庆祝的机会,共享温馨美好的时光。我们还到一些新的地方旅游,把我带入一个迷人的新世界。

Every day there was laughter and underlying cares that carried both of us along to some degree of happine.We learned together English and learned about life that year.Strangely the gap in our ages did not create any barrier for our friendship, he young and vital, and I was feeling young again.He offered his aistance, whenever I needed it.He offered his company for comfort, when death visited my door.What did he drive from this agenda, but a few paltry(不足取的,无价值的) words in a foreign language? May be it was all worthwhile, maybe it will open a window wide and provide a pa port to a new world for his future.每天的笑声和深情的关怀,使我们总是生活在幸福之中。这一年,我们一起学习英语,也学习如何生活。很奇怪,我们的年龄代沟没有给我们的友谊带来一点障碍。他年轻,充满活力。我也感觉自己年轻了。 无论我何时需要,他都能提供帮助。当死神光顾我的时候,他陪伴我,给我安慰。从这些事情中,他得到了什么呢?仅仅为了几个微不足道的外语单词?也许那就足够了,或许会为他的将来打开一扇窗户,为他提供一种通往一个新世界的手段。

Time continues to slip by as a rushing river.You no longer inhabit(居住于) my daily world, only my memory.From a distance your voice informs me that you are continuing to learn, you are growing.Some days you are happy, others not quite so much.时间像奔流的江水,不停地逝去。你不再出现在我每天的世界里,只留在了我的记忆中。 从你远方传来的声音里,我知道了你在继续学习,不断成长,有时快乐,有时也并不如意。 However, here around me, there is nothing, only a ghost-like figure, waving from your window and a familiar waft(飘来) of fragrance(芳香) as I stand alongside your newly occupied desk.There is nothing and yet there is everything.My mind remains idle, with only fragments of images drifting in and out.I can no longer be absolutely certain whether this was only a dream.然而现在,我身边空无一物,只有一个梦幻般的身影从你的窗户里翩然而至,还有那每当我站在你的新课桌旁时那熟悉的气息。一无所有,但又拥有一切。我头脑空空如也,进进出出的都是那些映像的片断。我再也无法肯定这是否只是一场梦幻。

We no longer occupy the same space, but I remind myself that we still occupy the same world.When we chance to meet, hands reach out; hearts embrace, and once again confirm the same magic feeling.Such friendships come rarely in a lifetime.Thereby, I feel bleed(幸福的) and lucky.我们不再拥有同一片空间,但我清楚,我们依然拥有同一个世界。倘若还有机会相遇,我们会伸出双手,真心拥抱,再次重温这奇妙的感觉。真诚友谊,终生难求。对此,我觉得很幸福,很幸运。

9、A Preface to Murder [谋杀端倪] Sometimes truth is stranger than fiction.Sometimes life deals a bad hand.Sometimes it is hard to go on.Sometimes evil triumphs over good.有时, 事实比小说还离奇。生活有时候使人无助,有时又让人难以为继。有时,邪恶还战胜了正义。

Nancy sighed heavily as she pulled her daughter‟s diary from the drawer.She leaned forward to examine the familiar writing.A postcard with a colored sketch fell onto the floor from the book the drawing was a picture of a long curved sandy beach on a tropical island; of course it would be Montserrat.She felt clumsy as she knelt to retrieve(取回,收回) the picture.Under no circumstances could she forgive or forget the criminals who tortured her beautiful Megan.It was difficult not to feel bitter about the events of the preceding year.She had shed so many tears in the past year since her daughter‟s murder.Nancy recognized that she was suffering from psychological problems and had really become indifferent to the events in her daily life.She began to shake and then to weep.When would there be an answer to this damn nightmare? 南希深深地叹了口气,从抽屉里取出女儿的日记。她身体前倾,仔细地看着那熟悉的笔迹。一张彩色素描明信片从杯子里掉落下来。画面上是一个热带岛屿上一处蜿蜒的沙滩美景。自然,那就是蒙特塞拉特岛。在她屈膝去拣明信片时,她感到手脚有些不听使唤了。她决不会饶恕或忘记那些残害她美丽的梅根的凶手。一想到一年前发生的不幸,南希就禁不住感到痛苦。她抓起一张面巾纸,擦去眼中的泪水。女儿被害后的这一年中,她不知道流了多少眼泪。南希知道自己患上了心理障碍,她确实变得对日常生活中的事情漠不关心了。她身体开始颤抖,接着抽泣起来。这该死的噩梦何时才会一个答案呢?

Megan had attended secondary school at a private girls‟ school five hundred kilometers from home.In junior school she had been a straight A student.Now in high school she continued to study hard, play sports, join the school orchestra, plus a variety of school clubs.As a joke, her friends labeled her a genius, often just to make her angry.As well as being a high academic achiever she had a great capacity for fun.She thrived on an active social life.Slender, pretty and vivacious(活泼开朗的), she was the apple of her parents‟ eye.

梅根在离家500公里的一所私立学校上中学。她读小学时就一直是最优秀的学生。现在进了中学,她还是继续努力学习,热爱运动,参加学校的管弦乐队,还加入了学校的各种俱乐部。朋友们在开玩笑时称她为天才,这常常只会使她生气。她不但学习成绩好,也很有情趣。她在丰富的社会活动中茁壮成长。她苗条美丽、活泼大方,是父母的掌上明珠。

Every year in accordance with school policy, a student candidate was chosen to travel and live in another commonwealth(联邦) country for six months.As Megan had an interest in a diplomatic career after completing university, she figure she would be considered a prime applicant if she applied for the position.A detailed eay was neceary to provide the committee with a clear idea of her intention.The selection committee would spend a fortnight reviewing the applications in an attempt to identify the ideal student.Megan also needed to undergo a rigorous personal interview, which would validate(验证) her academic background and evaluate her general behavior.The interview preceded well, Megan taking the initiative to underline her strengths.After school some of her friends gathered for coffee in the café near the school.They confeed to Megan that they were rather envious of the opportunity she might have to live in another country.They enquired about the details of the interview.Two weeks later Megan received a phone call notifying her of the succeful results of the interview.按照学校的规定,每年要挑选一名学生到另一个英联邦国家去旅行和生活六个月。因为梅根的计划是在读完她上的大学后从事外交工作,她认为如果提出申请,自己将是被考虑的一个主要人选。这需要向委员会提交一篇文章,明确阐明她的意图。选拔委员会要花两个星期对申请人进行评定,以确定人选。梅根还要接受严格的单独面试,以验证她的学业水平并评估她的综合素质。面试进行得很顺利,梅根积极主动地展示了她的实力。放学后,她与一些朋友聚在学校附近的咖啡馆一块喝咖啡。她们对梅根很坦承对她要在另一个国家生活相当嫉妒。她们还询问了面试的细节。两个星期后,梅根接到电话,通知她成功地通过了面试。 Her parents were slightly nervous experiencing some negative feelings about Megan leaving the safety of home to live in another country.They knew the experience would broaden her horizons however, her destination, Montserrat, within the past year had a huge volcano erupt(喷发), disrupting(使中断,扰乱) people‟s lives.Unstable conditions, lo of homes and fear of more eruptions all tended to breed trouble among the poor of the island.Her parents‟ concerns were for Megan‟s safety.

对于梅根要离开安全的家到另一个国家去生活,她的父母略感不安,有一些不祥的感觉。不过,他们知道,这次经历将会拓宽她的视野。她的目的地蒙特塞拉特,去年发生了一次巨大的火山爆发,使人民的生活陷于混乱之中。局势动荡、无家可归和对火山再次爆发的恐惧都在困扰这个岛国的穷人。她父母担心梅根的安全。

Departure day dawned clear and bright.Farewells were made to family and friends and she was off for the adventure of a lifetime.Megan‟s arrival on Montserrat was both welcoming and initially uneventful(平静无事的).The island family where she was to live for the next six months, made her feels right at home.As the pace of life on the island was more relaxed that at home, she was very happy.Her new schoolmates included her in their lives and she adapted quickly.Swimming in the warm ocean water, and sitting underneath waving palm trees in a mild climate, was a pleasant change from the cold northern winters.出发的那天清早,天气晴朗。在与家人和朋友们告别后,她踏上了她的冒险旅途。梅根到蒙特塞拉特后受到欢迎,最初也平安无事。她要在岛上住六个月的那个家庭,让她觉得就像在自己家一样。岛上的生活节奏比在家里更轻松,她感到很高兴。她的新同学们接纳了她,把她当作他们当中的一员,她很快便适应了。能够在温暖的海水里畅游,在生长于温和气候带、摇曳的棕榈树下闲坐,与寒冷的北方冬天相比,这种改变令人心旷神怡。 One Saturday evening a gang of kids piled into a taxi, heading off for a barbecue(户外烤肉餐) on the beach.Some of the girls decided to walk along the beach.Megan joined them, lagging slightly behind.She knew she ought to hurry to catch up but the moist sand felt good under her feet.Water lapped at her toes; the tide was coming in.the violet light of dusk began to darken the sky.一个星期六的晚上,一帮孩子们挤进一辆出租车,前往海滩吃烧烤野餐。几个女孩子决定沿海滩漫步。梅根也加入进来,跟在后面慢慢地走着。她知道她应该快一点赶上她们,但脚下湿润的沙子让她觉得很舒适。潮水涌来,海水拍打着她的脚趾。紫罗兰色的黄昏降临,天空开始暗下来。

In the growing darkne a van pulled alongside her, stopping with a squeal(尖锐的声音) of brakes.Before she knew what was happening two masked men leapt out of the car and began to chase her, grabbing her and finally throwing her to the ground.The gro attack that followed was brutal and unexplainable.Initially Megan tried to fight off her attackers by clawing at their faces with her nails.Using a coil of rope to bind her hands, the men were free to proceed.First a fist broke her upper jaw leaving her unconscious.Then the hoodlums(无赖,流氓) used a metal rod to crush Megan‟s skull(头颅) and finally a knife blade penetrated her neck piercing an artery(动脉).After the crude act was completed her body was bundled into the back of a cab and discarded in a ditch in an isolated district far from the beach.在越来越暗的夜色里,一辆货车向她身边驶来,在尖锐的刹车声中突然停下。没等她明白过来是怎么回事,两个戴面罩的男人从车上跳出来追上她,抓住她,最后把她摔倒在地。接下来就是不分青红皂白的粗暴殴打。起初,梅根设法反抗袭击者,用指甲抓他们的脸。可他们用一卷绳子绑住她的双手后,他们开始为所欲为。他们先是一拳打破她的上颌,使她昏了过去。然后,这帮流氓用一根金属棒敲碎了梅根的颅骨,最后用刀片扎进她的脖子,刺穿了动脉。暴行结束后,他们把她的尸体捆起来,放到车子后面,再丢弃在远离沙滩的一个偏僻小区的沟里。

Realizing that Megan had disappeared, her friends dialed an emergency number, notifying the authorities of the situation.Once Megan‟s body was discovered, a warrant(通缉令) was iued for the immediate arrest of the two wanted men.Megan‟s parents were notified by the embay.They in turn retained legal counsel and an intense inquiry began into the case.Those officials with an intimate knowledge of the island felt that the mugging was a case of mistaken identification and a complete misunderstanding(误解), a misguided outlet for mounting frustrations on the island.Megan‟s parents, Nancy and Don, cancelled all their immediate plans and flew to the island.Rather than wait for the small island ship to transport them to the island they were flown in by helicopter.After hiring a lawyer as an advocate for their cause(案件程序), they began to work with the local police tracking down any angle of the case that would bring these creeps first to court and then to trial before a jury, who in turn would convict them to lengthy jail sentences.As the days slipped by without any answers, they experienced severe emotional fatigue and life became a living hell.得知梅根失踪后,她的朋友们拨打了紧急电话,把情况报告给当局。梅根的尸体被发现后,马上发出了立即捉拿那两名凶犯的通缉令。大使馆通知了梅根的父母。他们聘请了法律顾问,并开始紧张地调查此案。非常熟悉这个岛屿的那些官员们认为,这次行凶是一起认错对象的事件,完全是一个误会,罪犯被带错路后错误地登上了这个岛。梅根的父母,南希和唐,取消了他们当时所有的计划,飞往该岛。他们来不及乘坐送他们到岛上去的岛内小船,改乘直升机飞过去。在请了一名律师作为该诉讼案的辩护律师后,他们开始与当地的警察一起工作,收集与此案有关的各种证据,要把那些家伙送上法庭,交陪审团进行审判,判定他们有罪并予以长期监禁。但时间一天天过去,没有任何结果。他们感到身心憔悴,仿佛生活在人间地狱。

The investigation seemed to lag at first, but they were reluctant to interfere.The initial reports from this me were inconclusive; many of the details not being addreed.As paying clients they lodged a complaint with the Governor of the island.After several months paed, the authorities had a frank discuion with Megan‟s parents stating that as each day paed they were le and le liable to solve the murder.They cited other examples of unsolved cases and encouraged Nancy and Don to return home.Feeling both annoyed and frustrated, they decided they had done all they could here for the moment.调查工作一开始就有些拖沓,但他们不愿意去干预。在这种混乱状况下,最初的报告没有什么结论,很多细节都没有提到。作为付过费用的委托人,他们向该岛总督提出申述。几个月过去后,当局在与梅根父母的一次坦率谈话中明确表示,随着时间一天天过去,查明这宗凶案的希望越来越小。他们还举出其他没有解决的案例作为佐证,劝南希和唐回家。在气恼和失望之余,南希和唐明白目前在这里他们已经无能为力了。

Once at home again, Nancy withdrew from community life choosing to spend her time alone.These days, if you went looking, you could often find Don in a local pub having a pint or two of beer.He, too, is unable to come to terms with the sequence of events that tore his family apart this year.Just thinking about Megan brings a lump to his throat and makes his head spin.回到家中后,南希不再参加社交活动,而是独自一人消磨时光。这些天,要是你出去走走,经常会看到唐正在当地的一个酒吧喝着

一、两杯啤酒。一年下来,他也忍受不了使家庭支离破碎的这一系列不幸事件的折磨。只要一想起梅根,他就喉咙哽咽,天旋地转。 As time paed, it was becoming more and more evident that the stack of paperwork pertaining(与…有关系的) to his daughter‟s case was not going to provide any answers immediately, if ever.Tips provided by the public proved to lead nowhere.The records will remain open until the case is solved, however for the moment the natural rhythm of life has been destroyed.Can a family withstand such a tragedy? Only time will tell.随着时间的过去,越来越清楚地表明,有关她女儿案件的那堆文件不会马上给出什么答案,也许永远也不会了。公众提供的线索也得不出什么结果。诉状还会保留,直到破案为止。然而,现在正常的生活节奏被破坏了。一个家庭能够承受得了这样的悲剧吗?只有时间才能回答。

10、Canada Becomes a Nation [加拿大建国] Before Canada became a nation in 1867, the area of North America that now composes Canada was a large expanse of widely scattered communities of British and French origins.It was an area with diverse landscapes that physically divided them from the north of the United States.There was little connection among communities politically or economically.These colonies of British North America traditionally traded with Britain and with the United States, very little among themselves.These colonies even had customs duties that, to some extent, restricted such trade.In the mid 1800s, important events and changes took place.在1867年加拿大成为一个国家之前,组成现在的加拿大的北美地区,辽阔宽广,到处是分散的英国人和法国人的移民社区。这片土地景色多变,很自然观地将其与美国的北方分辨开来。这些社区之间很少有政治或经济上的联系。传统上,这些英属的北美殖民地与英国和美国进行贸易,而相互之间却少有往来。这些殖民地甚至还没有关税,在一定程度上限制贸易往来。19世纪中期发生的几件重大事件,使情况有了变化。

Britain repealed(废除,撤销) the Corn Laws and Navigations Acts, which had been economically beneficial to the colonies at the same rate it applied to all other trading countries, a situation to which the colonies had never been accustomed.英国撕毁了给好几代殖民地人带来经济利益的谷物法和航行法案,并开始对殖民地课以与其他所有贸易国家同样高的税率,这是殖民地从未遇到过的情况。

From 1861to 1864, Americans were involved in a major civil war.Britain had traditional economic ties with the southern part of the United States that provided cotton to British markets.In the meantime, since the war was eentially between the North and the South, the North resented Britain‟s connection with the South.In addition, during the last year (1864) of the American Civil War, the American Government of the dominant and ultimately victorious North, refused to renew a ten-year free trade agreement with United Canada, the large British colony in the central part of British North America.These arbitrary events brought concern and even fear to these colonies.With the lo of traditional trading arrangements and the end of the civil war, the North being victorious, the colonists feared that the Americans might turn on the British colonies in retaliation(报复,报仇) for Britain‟s moral support for the South.1861到1864年,美国陷入全面内战。过去是美国南方为英国市场提供棉花,英国与之有着紧密的传统经济联系。在此期间,由于这实际上是一场南北方之间的战争,北方当然不满英国与南方之间的这种传统关系。此外,在美国内战的最后一年(1864年),占据优势并最终获胜的北方的美国政府,拒绝延续与联合加拿大——英属北美中部最大的英国殖民地——签订的十年自由贸易协议。这些独断专横的事件带给这些殖民地的是担忧甚至是恐惧。传统贸易协议的废除和以北方作为胜利者的内战的结束,使殖民者们害怕美国人可能会转而对付英属殖民地,以报复英国对南方的道义支持。

The need for new markets, and a solid defense system from potential invasion by the United States, brought an acute awarene to these diverse colonies that they should look to each other for resolutions to these problems.They felt uneasy trying to cope against these adversities(逆境,苦难) on their own.Sir John A.Macdonald from United Canada, the dominant personality at this time, also saw the acceleration of American settlers moving north and spreading throughout the flat prairie (大草原) lands to the west.This would potentially(潜在的) put a wall between the colonies in the East and the lonely western British colony in what is today part of British Columbia on the west coast of North America.Macdonald felt that the situation was urgent.对新市场的需求,以及为了建立对付美国潜在入侵的可靠防御系统,使这些松散的殖民地清醒地认识到,它们应该共同寻求解决这些问题的办法。它们急于设法处理这些难题。联合加拿大的约翰?A?麦克唐纳先生,这个时期的关键人物,也看到美国人加快了向北方移民的速度,从大草原到西部到处都是。这很可能会将东部的殖民地与孤立的西部英属殖民地——北美西岸的现在的英属哥伦比亚的一部分——分隔开来。麦克唐纳感到情况紧急。 In the summer of 1864, the maritime colonies of Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and New found land scheduled a meeting to discu the poibility of a customs union or free trade area to compensate for the latest setbacks(挫折,失败) in trade relations with Britain and the United States.Macdonald managed to get permiion for some delegates from United Canada to attend as observers.For a number of years, United Canada was experiencing problems of political deadlock (僵局).Canada West was predominantly(主要地) English-speaking Canada East was predominantly French-speaking.A central government, set up in 1841, required a majority from both Canada West and Canada East for all legislation to become law.It was very difficult to pa significant legislation when two opposing views were constantly being debated and legislative bills were constantly being defeated.The Canadians saw a new, wider union, a potential new national institution or central government, as a poible solution for breaking out of this constant political disorder.1864年夏,新斯科舍的沿海殖民地,爱德华太子岛和纽芬兰计划召开会议讨论建立关税联盟或自由贸易区的可能性,以弥补最近在与英国和美国贸易关系上遭到的损失。麦克唐纳设法得到许可让联合加拿大的一些代表作为观察员出席。多年来,联合加拿大都面临着政治僵局的难题。加拿大西部以说英语为主,而东部则以说法语为主。1841年成立的中央政府,则要求一切法案成为法律之前,要得到加拿大西部和加拿大东部的多数同意。在两种对立观点争论不休,法律草案一再被否决的情况下,要通过重要的法案非常困难。加拿大人认识到一个更为广泛的新型的联盟,一种可能的新型国家制度或中央政府,可以作为避免这种时常发生的政治混乱的一个可行的解决办法。

The Canadian delegates sailed on board a cruise ship down the St.Lawrence River, into the Gulf of St.Lawrence, to Charlottetown on Prince Edward Island.This convention expanded to discuions of the poibility of all the British colonies uniting into one nation.加拿大的代表们乘坐一艘游船沿劳伦斯河航行到劳伦斯湾,抵达爱德华太子岛的夏洛特敦。在那里,大会广泛讨论了联合所有英属殖民地建立一个国家的可能性。

After much complicated debate at another convention in Quebec City that same year, the delegate submitted a draft of an agreement for the formation of the dominion of Canada.The bulk of the work had been done by a group of men of seemingly high virtue, who became know in history as “the Fathers of Confederation(联邦)”.United Canada was divided into the provinces of Ontario and Quebec.Some allowances were given to Quebec because it was a predominantly French-speaking Catholic province and had special needs, unlike other provinces.The colony of Nova Scotia was divided into Nova Scotia and New Brunswick.These four provinces formed the original new nation.A flexible approach, in later years, persuaded other colonies to join.同年,在魁北克城的另一次会议上,经过错综复杂的讨论后,代表们提交了一份建立加拿大国家的协议草案。大部分工作是由一些那时德高望重的人完成的,他们成为历史上有名的“联邦国父”。联合加拿大被划分为安大略省和魁北克省。一些特权给了魁北克,因为它与其他省不同,是一个以说法语为主的天主教省,有其特殊需要。新斯科舍和新布伦斯威克。这四个省形成了新国家的雏形。在以后的岁月里,他们以灵活的方式说服了其他殖民地加入了这个国家。

A federal system, with powers distributed between the central and provincial governments, was created.The provinces were aigned powers to have their own governments to deal with more local or provincial iues, the federal system would promote harmony among provinces, with different perspectives on nationhood.This was a compromise, so that the bigger provinces of Ontario and Quebec wouldn‟t completely dominate the smaller provinces.The country was to be called the Dominion of Canada, but would still remain loyal to Britain as a member of the British Empire.一种在中央和省政府之间分享权力的联邦体制创建起来了。各省被赋予权力,拥有自己的政府以处理更多的地方事务。这种联邦体制可望促进各省之间彼此协调,尽管它们站在本民族立场上有不同的观点。这是一种折衷的办法,致使较大的安大略省和魁北克省不能完全支配较小的省。这个国家被称为加拿大自治领,但仍然是大英帝国的一个成员,效忠英国。 The new legislation that created Canada was a British act of Parliament called “The British North America Acts of 1867”.Canada officially became a nation on July 1st, 1867.This would be the anniversary occasion each year, for joyous celebration of a national holiday commemoration(纪念,庆祝) the birth of Canada.使加拿大成为一个国家的新法案是一项叫做“1867年英属北美法案”的英国国会法案。1867年7月1日,加拿大正式成为一个国家。每年的7月1日为周年纪念日,在这个法定假日里举行庆典活动,纪念加拿大的诞生。

The development of the country, as we know it today, was an evolutionary(进化的,演变的) proce over more than eight decades.Manitoba became a province after some controversial events involving the federal government and the Metis, French-speaking descendants of French fur traders who married American Indian girls.This ethnic(人种的,种族的) group settled near Fort Gary, the city of Winnipeg, Manitoba what is called today.正如我们今天所知道的那样,这个国家在80多年里不断发展演进。在几次涉及联邦政府和梅蒂斯人的有争议的事件之后,马尼托巴成为加拿大的一个省。梅蒂斯人是美洲印第安女孩与法国毛皮贸易商的后裔,讲法语。这个族群定居在加里要塞附近的温尼伯城,即今马尼托巴。

John A.Macdonald, the new and first Prime Minister of the new nation, made a deal with the western-most colony in Vancouver guaranteeing on the building of a railroad from the east to the west if that colony would join Canadian Confederation.The property of the Metis, to which the letter felt legally entitled, was in the path of the new railway.The federal government eentially took the land.The Metis were compelled to move further west, but not without a fight.(The Metis and the federal government were on an inevitable(无法避免的) collision course.Twice, Metis revolts rested the might(权力,威力) of the federal government and relationship between French-and English-speaking in Canada).The federal government was able to defeat the Metis in both clashes.Louis Riel, the leader of the Metis was hanged for treason(叛国,谋反) in 1885 for his leading role in resisting the federal government.He became a martyr to French-Canadians.His death only added fuel to the growing discontent(不满意) between French and English Canada.约翰·麦克唐纳,这个新兴国家的第一任总理,与温哥华的最西边的殖民地达成协议,保证说如果该殖民地加入加拿大联邦,他将建一条从西到东的铁路。梅蒂斯人的地产——他们认为是合法拥有的——正好在这条新铁路线上。联邦政府完全剥夺了他们的土地。梅蒂斯人被迫向西,但并非没有抵抗。(梅蒂斯人不可避免地要与联邦政府进行抗争。他们的对联邦政府的两次反叛考验了联邦政府的权威和说法语与说英语的加拿大之间的关系。)在两次冲突中,联邦政府都成功以失败了梅蒂斯人。1885年,梅蒂斯人的领袖路易斯·瑞尔,因带头试图反抗联邦政府以叛国的罪名被绞死。他成为说法语的加拿大人的死难者。他的遇难对说法语和说英语的加拿大之间日益激化的纠纷无疑是火上浇油。

Throughout this whole period, 1869 to 1885, the federal (or central) government ignored the appeals of the Metis.It appeared that, according to Macdonald and his followers, the creation of the new nation was more important than relieving the plight(困境) of a relatively small minority group.The Metis probably deserved much better of the federal government.Different versions of these events are still debated in Canadian clarooms today.在整个1869年至1885年期间,联邦政府都没有理睬梅蒂斯人的诉求。很显然,在麦克唐纳和他的继任者们看来,建立一个新国家比解除一个相对弱小的少数民族的困境更重要。也许,梅蒂斯人可以享受到联邦政府更好的待遇。今天,在加拿大的教室里,对这些事件的不同看法不在争论不休。

Macdonald was also criticized for concealing the fact that he took some money illegally to complete the railway.In 1873 as “The Pacific Scandal” became known, the construction of the railway suspended temporarily.The determined Macdonald and his government, obseed(担心,困扰) by the poibility of the Americans moving in and taking over the west, boldly pushed railway construction to completion.麦克唐纳还被指责隐瞒事实,非法挪用资金完成铁路建设。那次有名的1873年的“太平洋丑闻”曾使铁路建设一度停了下来。后来麦克唐纳和他的政府,由于担心美国人入侵并接管西部,坚定果断地推动完成铁路建设。

Manitoba became a province in 1870, British Columbia in 1871, Prince Edward Island in 1873, Alberta and Saskatchewan in 1905.The admiion of Newfoundland into Confederation in 1948 completed the Canadian Confederation of ten provinces from sea to sea, as they exist today.The railway, the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) was completed before the agreed deadline.1870年马尼托巴成为一个省,1871年英属哥伦比亚加入,1873年爱德华太子岛加入,1905年艾伯塔和萨斯喀彻温加入。1949年,纽芬兰岛获准加入联邦,使拥有10个省的东岸到西岸的加拿大联邦完整起来,也就是今天的加拿大。那条铁路,即加拿大太平洋铁路在预定完工日期之前也已建成。

Canada‟s becoming a nation was not an easy road.Canada‟s remaining a nation has perhaps been an even harder road.There were many challenges facing it over the first one hundred or more years.The most serious challenge has been, and still is, staying together as a country.Relations between French-speaking and English-speaking Canada have been difficult to improve.This persistent(持续存在的) theme in Canadian history began with the defeat of New France by Britain during the Seven Years War from 1756to 1763 (or the French-Indian War, as it was known in North America).In the last twenty years, referenda(普通投票) held in Quebec for poible separation from Canada, were narrowly defeated.This challenge still lies ahead.加拿大的立国之路崎岖不平,继续保持下去更是充满艰辛。在开始的100多年里,她面临许多挑战一直是并且现在仍然是保持国家的统一。说法语与说英语的加拿大之间的关系是最难处理的。这个加拿大历史上的房屋主题,始于1756年至1763年的七年战争(或者在北美,通常叫做法印战争)期间英国打败新法兰西的时候。近20年里,魁北克举行的旨在使该省脱离加拿大的公民投票,在那里勉强被失败。这个挑战在今后的日子里还会依然存在。 So far, the country has remained strong, and has traditionally played a significant role in international affairs.Canada has much promise for the 21st century.It will need to find creative diplomatic strategies to keep the internal rumblings(摩擦声,隆隆声) beneath the surface from exploding into self-destruction.It will need to find a way to fulfill the dreams of “the Fathers of Confederation” of so many years ago.A good gue is that the odds are in favor of Canada achieving those dreams and truly becoming the nation that was originally intended.迄今为止,这个国家还是强大的,并一直在国际事务中扮演着重要角色。加拿大对21世纪寄以厚望。好需要具有创造性的外交策略,避免隐藏在外表下的内部摩擦导致自我毁灭。她需要找到一条道路,实现多年以前“联邦国父”的梦想。一个美好的期待是,机遇关照加拿大去实现这些梦想,真正成为最初所设想的那样一个国家。

11、Sky Watch [天空观察] Today the wind and rain drove fiercely against my apartment window.It was the tail end of a typhoon(台风).Every year, as the calendar indicates the approach of autumn, these destructive tropical(热带的) storms account for both death and destruction along Asia‟s coasts.On an average there may be fifteen such storms every year.Although many civilians adopt a casual attitude towards these events, awarene is advisable.今天暴风雨不在击打着我的寓所窗户,不过台风就要结束了。每年当日历提示秋天来临时,这些破坏性极强的热带风暴就会给亚洲沿海地区,带来人员伤亡和财产损失。平均每年可能有15次这样的暴风雨。面对这些灾难,很多居民抱着漫不经心的态度,但提高防范意识才是明智的。

As the water dripped from my balcony and accumulated into free-flowing rivers on the road beneath, I was reminded of the extreme weather that affected the residents of North America.Hurricanes(飓风), tornadoes(龙卷风), snowstorms, ice storms and electrical storms are all examples of extreme weather that may challenge an entire community.Each storm is unique in character, contributing its own particular fascination(魔力) and fear.雨水从阳台上滴落下来,在下面的道路上汇聚成肆意流淌的水流。这使我联想到侵扰北美居民的那些极端恶劣的气候。飓风、龙卷风、雪暴、冰暴和雷暴,都是可能威胁到整个社会的极端的气候现象。每次风暴都有其独特的特点,展现出特有的魔力和恐怖景象。

Every fall hurricanes slam the United States coast.They upset boats, fell mature trees, wash away sections of public beaches and often cause death.Fortunately with the advantage of modern prior warning systems authorities are able to keep the chaos to a minimum.Regardle, some sectors of the population still ignore the warnings.The burden of rescuing these irresponsible(不负责的) adults falls on the authorities.Mean while government budgets are strained.To aemble enough aid to aure aistance for all regions in a country stretches finances.每年秋天,飓风都要猛烈攻击美国海岸。它们打翻船只,刮倒大树,冲毁成片的公共海滩,还常常造成人员伤亡。所幸的是,由于有了先进的预警系统,当局能够将这种混乱不堪的状况降到最低限度。但不管怎样,还是有一部分人忽视这些警告。营救这些不负责任的成年人的重任就落在了当局身上。这时,政府预算就显得很勉强。要调集足够的物资,保证为一个国家的所有地区提供帮助,使得财政吃紧。

Hurricanes seldom reach Ontario, Canada, but in 1954 Hurricane Hazel exposed the residents of Toronto to an awful night of flooding and terror.Responding to the disaster required the supreme effort of all the rescue departments.飓风很少影响到加拿大的安大略省。但在1954年,黑兹尔飓风却使多伦多的居民遭遇了一个充满灌水和恐惧的可怕夜晚。为了应付那次灾难,所有救援机构都尽了最大的努力。 In Ontario where a brush(严酷的) winter extends from November until April, snowstorms are regular occurrence.People adjust their travel plans, sports activities and especially their mode of dre when the weather forecasters predict a severe snowstorm.Automobile drivers must be more cautious under these circumstances.Snow removal becomes a major expense for northern cities.Families adjust their weekend plans and stay together at home, sitting

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