分词作定语（精选多篇）

推荐第1篇：分词作定语解析与练习

分词作定语

一． 分词的位置 1.分词前置

We can see the rising sun.我们可以看到东升的旭日

He is a retired worker.

他是位退休的工人

2.分词后置 (i.分词词组；ii.个别分词如given, left； iii.修饰不定代词 something等) There was a girl sitting there.有个女孩坐在那里

This is the question given.

这是所给的问题

There is nothing interesting.

没有有趣的东西 二．分词的类别

1.过去分词，即动词的-ed形式 2.现在分词，即动词的-ing形式 两者的区别：

1.现在分词表示正在进行的动作，而过去分词表示已完成的动作。

eg：falling leaves fallen leaves

developing country developed country 2.现在分词有主动的含义，过去分词有被动的含义。 eg：I heard someone opening the door.

I heard the door opened.3.现在分词表示它所修饰的名词的性质和特征，过去分词表示它所修饰的名词的状态。

eg：an exciting news an excited boy

bored students

boring lecture 练习：

1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

A.have written

B.to be written

C.being written

D.written 2）What\'s the language ____ in Germany?

A.speaking

B.spoken

C.be spoken

D.to speak 3）I could say nothing, and___ tears come out to my eyes.A.surprising

B.surprised

C.exciting

D.excited 4)We were ___ to have seen the ____ leader.A.inspired; inspiring B.inspiring; inspiring

C.inspired; inspired D.inspiring; inspired 5)Don’t worry, it’s safe to skating on the ___ lake.

A.freezing

B.frozen

C.freeze

D.having frozen

答案：DBDAB

推荐第2篇：现在分词与过去分词作定语比较

现在分词与过去分词作定语比较

由于现在分词和过去分词具有形容词或副词的特点，在句中可作表语、状语、宾语补足语和定语。作定语时，既可作前置定语，又可作后置定语。现将其用法归纳如下，供大家参考。

一、前置定语：单独一个分词作定语时，一般情况下被放在被修饰的名词前面，例如：

1.现在分词：几乎所有的现在分词都可以作前置定语，现在分词表示它所修饰名词的动作，二者有逻辑上的主谓关系，并且表示所修饰词的特点、性质等。（可以转换成定语从）。例如：Barking dogs seldom bit.=Dogs which barks seldom bit.爱叫的狗很少咬人。

（注意）作前置定语的现在分词前面可有状语修饰，有两种情况：一是已经转化为形容词的现在分词，状语多用very, rather等加强词，如：This is a rather boring film.这是部令人厌烦的影片。二是一般的现在分词不能用加强词作状语，但可用其他副词，例如：不能说：rather moving vehicles但可以说：fast moving vehicles 飞快行驶的车辆

2.过去分词：所有的及物动词的过去分词都可以做前置定语,不及物动词过去分词做前置定语时，一般过去分词前有副词修饰，但也有小数几个可以单独作前置定语。过去分词与已经完全变成了形容词的过去分词做前置定语的区别是：前者表示中心词承受动作的结果或状态；而后者表示中心词的特点。例如：

a newly arrived student新到的学生（arrived是不及物动词，但前有newly修饰）an escaped convict逃犯（escaped不及物）

a retired worker退休工人（retired不及物）

a locked door上锁的门（locked表示中心词door锁后的状态）

an experienced doctor有经验的医生（experienced表示中心词doctor的特点）

二、后置定语：

1）当被修饰的词是由some/any/no ＋thing/body/one所构成的不定代词或指示代词those等时，虽然是一个单一的分词作形容词用，但也要放在其后。（可变为定语从句）例如：

There has been nothing changed since I left Harbin two years ago.自从两年前离开，哈尔滨一直没有什么变化。

2)当分词短语作定语时，一定要放其之后。例如：

The bottle containing(=which contained) the poison was sent to the laboratory.盛毒品的瓶子被送到实验室。

They have intimate knowledge of the subject being investigated(=which is being investigated).他们对所研究的题目非常熟悉。

注意：现在分词的完成式不能做后置定语。但是，如果中心词是泛指的，偶尔可用现在分词的完成式做后置定语。例如：

不能说：

The man having written that book is our teacher.

应该说：

The man who has written that book is our teacher.写那本书的人是我们的老师。

Any man having written such a book is worthy of praising.（泛指）无论是谁，能写出这样的书，都应该受到表扬。

推荐第3篇：过去分词作定语的练习

1.Mary is a new nurse and her job is to take care of the ________ soldiers.A.wound B.wounded C.wounding 2.The meeting______ yesterday aimed to deal with the problems linked to teenagers’ mental health.A.to be held B.held C.being held 3.The _____ dishes lay on the floor.A.breaking.

B.broken.

C.broke.4.Don’t use words, expreions or phrases _____ only to people with specific knowledge.A.being known B.having been known C.known

5.The ship______ by a huge piece of iceberg sank with its paengers.A.hitting. B.hit.

C.to hit.6.Tell Mary that there’s someone ____ for her at the door.A.waiting. B.waits.C.waited.7.There is a big dog______ to a tree outside the house.A.tying.B.tied. C.to tie.8.The Olympic Games_____ in 776 B.C.did not include women players.A.first played B.to be first played C.first playing 9.What’s the language____ in Germany? A.speaking B.spoken C.be spoken 10.If the building project _________by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.A.completed B.to be completed C.being completed 12.The trees ____ in the storm have been moved off the road.A.being blown down B.blown down C.blowing down 13.The _______ look in her face suggested that she _____ it before.A.surprising, wouldn’t know B.surprised, hadn’t known C.surprising, hadn’t know

推荐第4篇：形容词的作定语的排列顺序

形容词的作定语的排列顺序

限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠；

县官行令杀国材。

县，表示限定词； 官，指的是冠词； 行，表示性质的定语； 令，表示年龄； 杀，表示颜色； 国，表示国籍； 材，表示材料。

其中，“限定词”包括：冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词，它位于各类形容词前。 它本身分为三位，即：前、中、后。

前位限定词有all、half、both、分数和倍数； 中位限定词有冠词、指示代词、物主代词等；

后位限定词有基数词和序数词，但序数词位于基数词前。如:both my hands、all half his income等。

“描绘”性形容词如：beautiful、bad、cold、great等。 “大长高”表示大小、长短、高低等一些词。 表示“形状”的词 如：round square等。 “国籍”指一个国家或地区的词。

“材料”的词如：wooden, woolen, stone,silk等。

“作用类别”的词如：medical, college，writing desk，police car等

推荐第5篇：过去分词作定语和表语练习

过去分词作定语、表语练习

1.The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road. A.being blown down

C.blowing down

B.blown down

D.to blow down 2.The Emperor’s New Clothes is an ______ text.All of us are ______ about it.A.exciting; exciting

C.excited; exciting

B.excited; excited D.exciting; excited 3.With ______ leaves ______ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer.A.falling; burying

C.fallen; burying

B.fallen; buried D.falling; buried 4.—I’m very ______ with the dish I cooked.It looks nice and smells delicious.

—Mm.It does have a ______ smell. A.pleasant; pleased

B.pleased; pleased D.pleased; pleasant

C.pleasant; pleasant

5.I have read plenty of books ______ by Lu Xun.A.written B.wrote

C.writes

D.writing 6.His nephew, ______ at sea when he was fifteen, had been his only relative.A.losing

B.loses

C.lost

D.being lost 7.They had beef and ______ for supper.A.smoking fish

B.fish smoking

C.fish to smoke

D.smoked fish 8.She asked if there was anything _______ for tonight.A.to plan

B.planned

C.that plans

D.planning 9.I became ______ after watching too much television.A.bored

B.boring

C.bore

D.bores 10.I felt ____ by his interest in my new invention.A.encourage

B.to encourage C.was encouraged

D.encouraged 11.Don’t wake up the______ child.

A.sleep B.slept C.sleeping D.sleepy 12.Thousands of products ____ from coal are now in daily use.A.made B.make C.making D.to make 13.Engines are machines ___ power or motion.A.produce B.producing C.produced D.which producing 14.The pilot asked all the paengers on board to remain _____ as the plane was making a landing.A.seat

B.seating

C.seated

D.to be seating 15.The flowers________ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smell

B.smelling

C.smelt

D.to be smelt

16.People ____in the city do not know the pleasure of country life. A.live

B.to live

C.lived

D.living

17.I smell something __________ in the kitchen.Can I call you back in a minute?

A.burning B.burnt C.being burnt D.to be burnt 18.The music of the film______ by him sounds so ______ . A.playing, exciting

B.played, excited C.playing, excited

D.played, exciting 19.It is said that her job is ________.A.keeping the offices clean.

B.to keep the offices clean.C.keep the offices clean.

D.kept the offices clean.20.The sound we heard last night was so_____.A.frighten

B.frightened

C.to be frightened

D.frightening.答案1-5 BDBDA 6-10CDBAD

11-15CABCB

16-20DADAD

推荐第6篇：7 分词

分词

分词是英语中非常重要的连词成句的手段。本章将从分词的意义及其在句中的作用来探讨分词的造句规则。

一、分词的意义

1分词的意义

从分词本身所表达的意义来看，分词分为现在分词和过去分词，两者具体区别如下:

（1）从语态角度来看，现在分词表示主动意义，它与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系，如:The man standing at the gate is my English teacher.换句话说:The man who is standing at the gate is my English teacher.

过去分词通常表示被动意义(不及物动词的过去分词除外)，与它所修饰的名词构成动宾关系，如:the broken cup意思是:Someone broke the cup.或The cup was broken.

（2.）从时态角度来看，现在分词一般表示进行动作，过去分词则表示完成的动作。 a.fallen leaves

b.falling leaves

这里a相当于leaves that have fallen，即表示完成的动作;而b相当于leaves that are falling，即表示进行的动作。

a.地上的落叶

b.正在飘落的叶子

a.sunken ships

b.sinking ships

这里a相当于_ships that have sunken，即表示完成的动作;而b相当于ships that are sinking，即表示进行的动作。

a.沉没了的船只

b.正在下沉的船只

二、分词的作用

分词的作用相当于形容词和副词，因此在句中主要是充当定语和状语，相当于一个定语从句或状语从句。考生应重点掌握分词的下列用法特点:

（1）分词短语作定语要后置，相当于一个定语从句。

（2）分词短语作状语有两种结构:分词逻辑主语和句子主语一致; 独立分词结构。分词短语作状语，相当于一个状语从句。

分词作定语

分词作定语其位置关系有两种。单个分词作定语，一般置于被修饰名词的前面;分词短语作定语，只能置于被修饰名词的后面。现在分词作定语，表示与所修饰的名词有主谓关系或主动关系，过去分词作定语，表示与所修饰的名词有动宾关系或被动关系。

(1) Additional social strees may also occur because of the population explosion or problems means of transport.（2000英译汉）

这里现在分词arising修饰problems，作后置定语，与problems构成主动关系。problems arising from ma migration movements表示“大量人口流动造成的问题”。过去分词made修饰themselves，作后置定语，themselves构成被动关系，这里themselves指代ma migration movements

由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易)造成的种种问题也会给社会造成新的压力。

(2) After all, what is the one modern form of expreion almost completely to depicting happine? (2006年阅读第四篇)

过去分词dedicated作定语，修饰名词expreion，构成被动关系。

几乎完全致力于描述快乐的当代表现形式究竟是什么?

(3) To determine the consequences of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a paage to them only minutes earlier.\"We\'ve found that if you\'re in sleep deficit,performance suffers,\" says Dr.David.\"Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate.\"

现在分词requiring修饰tests，作后置定语，与tests构成主动关系，tests requiring them to add„是说明这个刚试要求他们做什么。过去分词read后置修饰paage，与paage构成被动关系。

为了测定睡眠不足带来的后果，研究人员让受试者接受一系列心理测试以及能力测试，包括做数字加法或回忆刚刚听过的文章。“我们发现如果睡眠不足，那么能力测试就会受到影响，”大卫医生说，“短期记忆能力会下降，决策力和集中力同样也会减弱。”

(4) The emphasis on data first-hand, with a cro-cultural perspective to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.

本句有三个过去分词:gathered, combined, brought，它们的修饰关系是:

首先，gathered修饰data，作定语，译成“收集第一手资料”。

其次，combined with是将emphasis和perspective两个关键词联系起来，构成一个并列关系，相当于说:\"A, combined with B\"，其他类似结构还有“A, together with B\"，或“A, coupled with B\"，意思是将A与B结合起来，即“强调第一手资料，然后加上跨文化视角”。很多考生对这里combined with起着连接两个并列成分的作用看不出来，造成句子误译。这里三个过去分词gathered, combined和brought并非并列关系。

再次，brought是修饰perspective，作定语，相当于主动语态:bring a cro-cultural perspective to the analysis of cultures past and present，这里past and present是作后置定语修饰。 The emphasis, combined with a perspective, makes this study a social science.

强调收集第一手资料，加上在分析过去和现在文化形态时采用跨文化视角，使得这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。

(5) It\'s easy to blame the decline of conversation on the pace of modern life and on the vague changes _____ place in our ever-changing world.

A.takingB.to takeC.takeD.taken

本题考查分词作定语的用法。这里分词要修饰名词changes，而changes与动词短语 take place构成主动关系，所以用现在分词taking，故A正确。

我们很容易把人们之间交流减少归咎于快节奏的现代生活和快速变化的外部世界。

(6) The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon, com, and other pioneers show that a Web will attract online customers.(1999-2-4)

网络葡萄园、亚马逊和其他一些开拓者的事例显示： 出售合适商品并辅之以适当交流互动、热情周到和安全可靠服务的网站将会吸引网上顾客。than an intuitive one.(2007-1-4)

这次试验的成功，以及后来证明记忆本身不是遗传决定的研究，使 Ericon 得出结论：记忆行为更多地属于认知练习而不是直觉活动。 whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.(2003-1-2)

以绝对优势领先的是弗吉尼亚的一个名为 “公开来源情报公司”的小公司，它的明显优势是对电子世界的把握。

(9) The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of in the United Kingdom.(2001-1-2)

在特别以数学和实验室训练为基础的科学领域，这种倾向自然非常明显，并且可以就英国的地质学发展得到证实。

(10) Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers.(2001-3-7)

然后它出资组织旨在搞清为什么顾客被激怒并且大量离去的研讨会和可信度调查项目.

(11) Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts.

许多人错误地认为毒品一词仅指某种药品或吸毒成瘾者使用的非法化学物质。

(12) First of all, most will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions.(1997-3-2)

首先，大部分过度使用的物质将产生负面效果，如中毒或强烈的知觉变异。

分词作状语

分词短语作状语在句中有不同的意义，可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、伴随等等。

(1) In May, Julie Nimmons, president of Schutt Sports in Illinois, succefully fought a lawsuit involving a football player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet(1999年阅读第一篇)

这里分词wearing作时间状语。修饰从句谓语was paralyzed; involving分词作定语，修饰lawsuit

5月份，伊利诺伊州舒茨体育用品商店的总经理Julie Nimmons赢得了一场官司，这场官司与一位橄榄球员戴着舒茨头盔在比赛中受伤瘫痪的事故有关。

(2) I\'m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was haw I\'d go, because I\'ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks.

(1997年阅读第一篇)

这里分词fighting和clawing作伴随状语，修饰动词die，表示在die的过程中，人们同时做出的一些动作。因为这里fight和claw与people是主动关系，所以用了现在分词。

从精神角度来说，我并不惧怕死亡。但我惧怕的是如何走向死亡这个过程，因为我看到过病人在医院死亡之时因缺氧而抗争并抓住面革的情形。

(3) Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research.When aerted that they do, she replied,\"Then I would have to say yes.\" Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said,\"Don\'t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.\"(2003年阅读第二篇)

三个分词asked, aured, asked的逻样主语是:he，构成被动关系，所以都用了过去分词。这里作状语，表示时间，所以我们可以在分词前面加上时间连词，比如when aured

当问到她是否反对接种时，她问疫苗是否来自动物实验。当被告知的确如此时，她回答

道:“那么我不得不说，是的，我反对接种。”当问到瘟疚爆发怎么办时，她说:“不用担心，科学家将会用计算机找到一些解决问题的办法。”

(4) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.

在英文中，being done结构往往表示原因。这里being interested也不例外，作原因状语。 由于沃尔夫对语言与思维的关系很感兴趣，这使他逐渐形成了这样的观点:在一个社会中，语言的结构决定习惯思维的结构。

(5) He wasn\'t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society,________insufficiently popular with all members.

A.being consideredB.consideringC.to be consideredD.having considered 本题考查分词作状语的用法。这里句子主语he和动词consider是被动关系，所以用being considered，作原因状语。在英文中，being done常常用来表示原因。

由于他在该协会里并不受成员的欢迎，所以人们没有选他作协会主席。

(6) Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.

这里arguing的逻辑主语是句子主语extremists，两者构成主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语，表示原因。

由于极端主义者认为人与动物在各相关方面都不同，因此，他们认为对待动物无须考虑道德问题。

(7) Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels,tryingto anticipate every poible accident.(1999年阅读第一篇)

这里feeling的逻辑主语是句子主语companies，两者构成主动关系，所以用现在分词。同样道理，trying的逻辑主语也是companies。这里feeling threatened作状语表示原因。第二个分词短语trying to.二作方式状语，修饰谓语responded

由于面对这样的威胁，公司的反应是写出无比冗长的警告标签，以尽量预见所有可能的事故。

(8) _____ of the burden of ice, the balloon climbed up and drifted to the South.

A.To be freeB.FreeingC.To freeD.Freed

本题考查分词作状语及现在分词与过去分词的用法。这里句子主语the balloon同时也是分词的逻辑主语，它与动词free构成被动关系，故用过去分词Freed

气球由于被释去冰块重负，一直飞向空中，向南漂去。

(9) In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics.(2007-3-2) 伴随状语

仅仅在一代人的时间，成千上万的母亲投入工作的 行列，改变了基本家庭经济状况。

(10) His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability.(1998-2-5)

他的同事麦克彼尔说，太多的公司以机械的形式实施重组，降低成本，而未对长远的嬴利给予充分的考虑。

(11) Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr.McWhorter documents is unmistakable.(2005-4-4) 原因状语

麦克沃特先生用大量上层文化和大众文化的有趣例子说明这种趋势，他所记录的这种趋势是清楚明白的。

（12）Left, until now, to odd，low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of

data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the bo \' s agenda in businees of every variety.(2007-4-1) 时间

直到现在，信息保护一直留给临时的、底层的信息技术人员掌控，并且被认为是诸如金融、电信、航空等数据丰富的行业所独有的问题。信息保护现在处于各种商业老板的首要议事日程。

（13）Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can poibly be done for us, even if it\'s usele.(2003-4-2) 原因

由于有保留医疗费用由第三方支付的保障，我们常 常要求用尽所有的医疗手段，即使它不会有任何作用。

（14）But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant，instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd.(2002-2-5) 伴随

但是人的大脑能够扫描一个快速变化的场景，并且 迅速排除 98%\'的不相干的物体，立 即聚焦于森林中蜿蜒道路旁 的一只猴子，或者人群中的一张可疑的脸。

（15）When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale.(2000-1-1)

当美国在二战后进入一个辉煌的历史时期时，它拥 有比任何竞争对手大八倍的市场， 这为其各种行业提供了前所 未有的经济规模。

推荐第7篇：只能接ing分词作宾语的动词

只能接-ing分词作宾语的动词：

建议冒险去献身，忍受期待不停顿； 放弃延期悔失去，坚持欣赏实践成； 注意原谅避反对，考虑要求不自禁； 允许习惯不介意，价值开始想动名。 如：建议：advise, suggest, 冒险：risk,献身 :devote oneself to

介词用法口诀

早、午、晚要用in，at黎明、午夜、点与分。

年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。

将来时态in...以后，小处at大处in。

有形with无形by，语言、单位、材料in。

特征、方面与方式，心情成语惯用in。

介词at和to表方向，攻击、位置、恶、善分。

日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚，

收音、农场、值日on，关于、基础、靠、著论。

着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，准。

特定时日和“一……就”，on后常接动名词。

年、月、日加早、午、晚，of之前on代in。

步行、驴、马、玩笑on，cab，carriage则用in。

at山脚、门口、在当前，速、温、日落、价、核心。

工具、和、同随with，具有、独立、就、原因。

就……来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分。

海、陆、空、车、偶、被by，单数、人类know to man。

this、that、tomorrow，yesterday，next、last、one。

接年、月、季、

定冠词用法小结口诀 a.口诀

1.有水无湖：海、洋、海湾、河等，都用the;单个湖不用the,(但多个湖用the); the Red Sea,the Pacific Ocean,the Persian Gulf, the Yangtze River The Great Lakes(五大湖）；Lake Erie(伊利湖） 2.有球无星：地球，月亮用the;行星不用the: Mars,Venus; 3.有山无峰：The Huangshan Mountains(黄山）；Mount Everest(珠穆朗玛峰）；

Mount(or Mt.) Tai(泰山）.4.有独无欧（偶）：独一无二的，the earth,the moon,the sun用the; 欧洲等七大洲不用the. Europe,Africa,Asia,North America,South America,Antarctica,Oceania 5.有（足）族无球（运动）：种族用the:the Indians(印第安人)；球类运动

baseball,basketball 6.有文无章：历史性的文件用the;小说等的章节不用the The Constitution(宪法）; chapter one 7.学而不专：学校放在词组的前面时用the;专有名词放在词组的前面时不用the; The University of Fudan; Fudan University [ 发表时间：8/3/2003 9:22:06 AM ]

倒装口诀

副词开头要例装，人称代词则如常。 only修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装。 否定意义副连词，“既不…也不”须倒装。 表语前置主语长，衔接自然常倒装。 such代词做表语，引起主谓要倒装。 Not only开头句，前一分句须倒装。 had，were，should虚拟句，省略if半倒装。

省略口诀

回答问题要简洁，并列重复须省略。 祁使主语必省略，比较than后须省略。 宾从表从that省略，主从that勿省略。 前后出现同一词，惯用习语常省略。

lie lay lain躺

lay laid laid放下；产蛋 lie lied lied撒谎，

这几个词在拼写上很容易混淆，有人编了这样的口诀：规则的“撒谎”，不规则的“躺”， “躺”过就“下蛋”，“下蛋”不规则。“规则”指规则变化，“不规则”即不规则变化， 如lie作“撒谎”解时，是规则变化，即其过去式和过去分词直接加-d； “躺过”的“过”指的是过去式，即lie的过去式lay是“下蛋”的原形； “下蛋”是不规则变化。

一般是在基数词后加上－th构成，但应记住一些特殊变化，口诀如下： 基变序，有规律，词尾要加－th，

一、

二、三，个别记， 词尾分别为t，d，d；八去t， 九去e， ve要用f替；

ty变y为i，th前面有个e。 例如：

one—first two—second three—third four—fourth five—fifth eight—eighth nine—ninth twelve—twelfth twenty—twentieth

近日读书时，偶得一记忆方法“口诀”，可看做上述复习方法的总结，现摘录于下，与考生共勉：

(1)记单词，要“五到”，眼嘴手脑齐开炮；读写背默各几遍，印象清晰记得牢。(“五到”记忆法)

(2)记过单词莫靠边，几天之后再看看；似忘非忘又温习，反反复复印心间。(循环记忆法)

(3)单词多了别心烦，分片分组来攻占；五个一组先吃掉，几组连成一大片。(分组记忆法)

(4)结合词组句子记，有情有景有意义；重点段落须背诵，理解深刻有乐趣。(理解记忆法)

(5)要想单词不写错，语音一关还得过；读音规律掌握好，拼写自然少差错。(语音记忆法)

(6)分类归纳便于记，同类词汇放一起；bike，plane和jeep，归到交通工具里。(归纳记忆法)

(7)同义近义反义词，辨析对比来记忆，比较对照才开窍，印象深刻记得牢。(对比记忆法)

(8)单词长了容易忘，卡片纸条来帮忙；mathematics不好记，纸条贴到《数学》上。(卡片记忆法)

(9)构词法，要学习，前缀后缀有规律；转换常把词类变，合成本是二合一。(构词记忆法)

(10)课外读物有情趣，单词复现便于记；只要坚持常阅读，一举几得大有益。(阅读记忆法)

语中有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to，其中诀是：一感二听三让四观看。

一感：feel

二听：hear、listen to

三让：let、have、make

四观看：observe、see、watch、look at

分开“一段时间”， some time表示“一段时间”；

相聚“在某一时”，sometime表示“在某一时”；

“有时”相聚加s，sometimes表示“有时，不时”；

“几次”分开带s，some times表示“几次，次数”。

直引若是一般问，变间if\\whether连。语序变为陈述式，时态人称相应变。 直引若是特殊问，疑问词连接记心间。其余问题挺简单，一切只当一般问。 直引若是祈使句，谓语动词挺要紧。 told\\asked\\ordered,根据口气来选定。 告诉人、请人、命令人，后跟to do sth.。若是否定祈使句,not to do后边行。

再给诸位一个吧： die of,die of,饥老病冷毒。 君可见die by,弱伤劳过度。 浮生真若梦，一刀便成空。

（注：“浮若梦”即from;“一刀便成空”指死于意外。

推荐第8篇：现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别

现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别

1.逻辑关系

现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语的最主要区别在于：两者与所修饰的主句的主语的逻辑关系的区别。

1） 现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。

He went out, shutting the door behind him.他出去后将门随手关上。

Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。

2） 过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。

Given more encouragement, the boy could have behaved better.如果多给这个孩子一些鼓励，他本来会表现得更好。 Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难时，我们必须设法克服。

3) ※部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示“被动关系”，其前不用being。这样的

过去分词及短语常见的有：lost in（陷入某种状态）、seated（坐着的）、hidden（躲着）、stationed（驻扎）、lost/absorbed（沉溺于）、born in（出身于）、dreed in（穿着）、tired of（厌烦了）等。

Lost/Absorbed/Buried in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考中，所以他没有听到那个声音。 Born in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it.出生于这个美丽的小镇，他不愿离开它。

2．时间概念

过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，或表示“一种状态”，与谓语动作同时发生或存在。

现在分词的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在说话时正在进行；现在分词的完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“主动”动作；现在分词的完成式的被动式(having been done)常和表示次数的短语及时间段(for+一段时间)连用，表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“被动动作”，这种情况下不能用过去分词替换，其它情况下通常被过去分词所替换，使句式更简洁。

Written in a hurry, this article was not so good.因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。

Reading carefully, he found something he hadn’t known before.他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。 Having finished his homework, he went home.完成了作业，他就回家了。

Having been discued several times, the decision was finally made.进行了几次讨论后，终于做出了决定。

推荐第9篇：定语从句在作文中的运用

定语从句的运用

作文中的定语从句

1.我的名字叫李华，16岁，在光明中学上学。

_______________________________________________________________________________ 2.我们学校在上周进行了一个关于高三学生是否应该上体育课的讨论。

_______________________________________________________________________________ 3.下周我们将听取一个来自于加拿大的教授的讲座。

_______________________________________________________________________________ 4.他是个教授, 那是我一直盼望的职业。

_______________________________________________________________________________ 5.杰克来自加拿大，他在我们学校已经学习了3年。

_______________________________________________________________________________ 6.我们学校下周将组织一个以“人与自然”为主题的演讲比赛。

_______________________________________________________________________________ 7.如果你想了解更多，请与李明联系，他的号码是6387009._______________________________________________________________________________ 8.中国是一个具有悠久历史的伟大的国家。

_______________________________________________________________________________ 9.我很想念Smith 教授，他的教学方法对我影响很大。

_______________________________________________________________________________ 10.正如人人都知道的，电脑在我们的生活中扮演着非常重要的作用。

_______________________________________________________________________________ 11.这道题目非常难解，超越了我们理解的范围。

_______________________________________________________________________________ 12.你说你想放弃你的梦想，这让我对你感到很失望。

_______________________________________________________________________________ 13.实际上学习是一个漫长的过程，在这个过程中我们可以享受到知识带给我们的乐趣。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 14.我很佩服你的勇气，但是我不喜欢你处理问题的方法。

_______________________________________________________________________________ 15.如果你能告诉我你做出这个决定的原因，那就更好了。

_______________________________________________________________________________

歌曲中的定语从句

That’s why you go away

Baby won\'t you tell me ______there is sadne in your eyes 宝贝，你能否告诉我为何你的

眼中充满忧郁和悲伤

I don\'t wanna say goodbye to you 我不想和你说再见

Love is one big illusion _____I should try to forget 爱是一种假象，我应该试图去忘记它

but there is something left in my head 但是总有一些事情停留在我的脑海里挥之不去 You\'re the one ______ set it up now you\'re the one to make it stop 你就是让我产生爱的那个人，但是你现在也要让它停止

I\'m the one ______ feeling lost right now 此时此刻我感到迷茫

Now you want me to forget every little thing_____ you said 你要我忘记你说的任何事情

but there is something left in my head 但总有些事情我忘不掉

Chorus（合唱）:

I won\'t forget the way ______you\'re kiing 我忘不了我们的吻

The feeling\'s so strong were lasting for so long 那感觉多么强烈，而且会永远留在我心中

But I\'m not the man ______your heart is miing 但是我不是你心所思念的那个人

That\'s ______ you go away I know 我也知道那就是离去的原因

You were never satisfied no matter how I tried 无论我怎样努力你都未曾感到满足

Now you wanna say goodbye to me 而现在你要和我说再见了

Love is one big illusion______ I should try to forget 爱是一种假象，我应该试图去忘记它

but there is something left in my head 但是总有一些事情停留在我的脑海里挥之不去

Chorus:

I won\'t forget the way______ you\'re kiing 我忘不了我们的吻

The feeling\'s so strong were lasting for so long 那感觉多么强烈，而且会永远留在我心中

But I\'m not the man _____ your heart is miing 但是我却失去了你的心

That\'s _____you go away I know 我也知道那就是离去的原因

Sitting here all alone in the middle of nowhere 独自一个人迷茫地坐在这里

Don\'t know _______way to go 没有方向

There ain\'t so much to say now between us 我们之间已经没有什么好说的了

There ain\'t so much for you 我们之间对于你已经不再重要

There ain\'t so much for me anymore 对于我也不再重要了

名言中的定语从句

1.The man who has made up his mind to win will never say \"impoible\".

已经下定决心要成功的人从来不说“不可能”。

2.The only thing that will stop you from fulfilling your dreams is you.

惟一阻挡你实现梦想的就是你自己。

3.The happiest of people don\'t necearily have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything that comes along their way.

最幸福的人并不一定拥有最好的东西，他们只是充分利用了得到的东西。 4.The dictionary is the only place where succe comes before work.

只有在字典中，“成功”才会出现在“工作”之前。

5.When the door of happine closes, another opens, but often times we look so long at the closed door that we don\'t see the one, which has been opened for us.

一道幸福之门关闭时，另一扇就会打开。但我们经常太多太多地盯着关闭的门，而对开启的门熟视无睹。

6.Dream what you want to dream; go where you want to go; be what you want to be, because you have only one life and one chance to do all the things you want to do.

做自己想做的梦，去自己想去的地方，做自己想做的人，生命只有一次，机会只有一回。

推荐第10篇：巩固练习过去分词作定语与状语

巩固练习

Ⅰ.用分词的正确形式填空：

1.He saw his friend ______ (go) out with Sue.2.The bus crashed into the blue car ______ (drive) down the hill.3.Peter hurt his leg ______ (do) karate.4.The umbrella ______ (find) at the bus stop belongs to John Smith.5.The people ______ (dance) in the street are all very friendly.6.I heard my mother _____ (talk) on the phone.7.My uncle always has his car ____ (wash).8.We stood _____ (wait) for the taxi.9._____ (look) down from the tower, we saw many people walking in the streets.10.The people drove off in a _____ (steal) car.

Ⅱ.用非谓语动词把下面复合句改成简单句。 1.I was glad when I heard the news.

____________________________________________________ 2.My idea is that we should go there on our bikes.

____________________________________________________ 3.I saw a child who was wearing very thick glaes.

____________________________________________________ 4.As I hadn't received an answer from him, I wrote again.

____________________________________________________ 5.Since this book is written in easy English, it will be useful to beginners.

____________________________________________________ 6.If weather permits, we are going to work outside.

____________________________________________________

7.He rushed into the room and his face was covered with sweat.____________________________________________________

8.Because he was caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet.

____________________________________________________

9.If these seeds are grown in rich soil，these seeds can grow fast.____________________________________________________

10.The concert which was given by their friends was a succe.

____________________________________________________

Ⅲ.单项选择。

1.____ an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.

A.Offer

B.Offering

C.Offered

D.To offer 2.Tsinghua University, _______ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding

figures.

A.found

B.founding

C.founded

D.to be founded 3.Ideally _____ for Broadway theatres and Fifth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a

favorite with many guests.

A.locating

B.being located

C.having been located

D.located 4.Michael’s new house is like a huge palace，________ with his old one.A．comparing

B．compares

C．to compare

D．compared 5.________ and short of breath，Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount

Tai.A．To be tired

B．Tired

C．Tiring

D．Being tired 6._________such heavy lo，the busineman didn’t have the courage to go on.A.Having suffered

B.Suffering

C.To suffer

D.Suffered 7.The children went home from the grammar schoo1，their leons ________ for the day． A．finishing

B．finished

C．had finished

D．went finished 8.________ in thought，he almost ran into the car in front of him． A．Losing

B．Having lost

C．Lost

D．To lose 9.The ______ look on her face suggested that she ________ her manager’s idea． A．confusing，wouldn’t quite understand B．confused，hadn’t quite understood C．confusing，hadn’t quite understood D．confused，shouldn’t quite understand

10._______from a high mountain，a horse is as small as an ant.

A.Having viewed

B.Viewed

C.Viewing

D.View 11.Don’t worry.There’s still time _______ a newspaper before the bus leaves.A.left to buy

B.leaving to buy C.left buying

D.leaving buy 12.When ________ the museum will be open to the public next year．

A．completed

B．completing

C．being completed

D．to be completed 13.The _______ morning, the father came into the lonely house, _______ by his naughty boy.A.following, following

B.followed, followed C.following, followed

D.followed, following 14.________, but he still could not understand it.A.Told many times

B.Having been told many times C.He has been told many times

D.Though he had been told many times 15._______and _______，they ran out of the claroom.

A.Being excited；happily

B.Exciting；happy C.Exciting；happily

D.Excited；happy 16._______from this point of the view，the question will be of great importance. A.Considering

B.ConsideredC.Being considered

D.Consider 17.Though _______of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice. A.warning

B.to warn

C.warn

D.warned 18.While building a tunnel through the mountain，________．

A．an underground lake was discovered

B．there was an underground lake discovered

C．a lake was discovered underground

D．the workers discovered an underground lake 19．________ the general state of his health，it may take him a while to recover from the

operation．

A．Given

B．To give

C．Giving

D．Being given 20.Of the 2000 stock investors __________ last month, 90% were found __________ in financial knowledge.A．surveyed；lacking

B．having been surveyed；to lack C．surveyed；lacked

D．to have been surveyed；lack

答案与解析：

Ⅰ.用分词的正确形式填空：

1.going。go是宾语his friend做的，是主动关系，因此用going作宾语补足语。此题要求用分词填空，否则也可以用省略to的不定式go作宾语补足语，表示看见的全过程。 2.driving。车急驶着（drive），是主动语态，drive此处是不及物动词，因此用driving。 3.doing。do与句子主语Peter是主动关系的，用doing。句意：彼得做空手道时伤了腿。 4.found。雨伞是被发现的，所以用过去分词作定语。注意谓语动词是belongs。

5.dancing。句子的谓语动词是are。人们跳舞，是主动关系的，用dancing作定语，表示“正在（街上）跳舞的（人）”。

6.talking。妈妈打电话，主动关系，用talking作宾语补足语，表示正在进行。 7.washed。让车被洗，用washed，即have sth.done.8.waiting。我们站在那儿等出租车，wait与句子主语“我们”是主动关系的，用waiting作伴随状语。

9.Looking。look与句子的主语“we”是主动的，用现在分词做状语。

10.stolen。steal（偷）与所修饰词car是被动的，用过去分词stolen作定语。

Ⅱ.用非谓语动词把下面复合句改成简单句。 1.Hearing the news, I was glad.2.My idea is to go there on our bikes.3.I saw a child wearing very thick glaes.

4.Not having received an answer from him, I wrote again.5.Written in easy English, it will be useful to beginners. 6.Weather permitting, we are going to work outside.7.He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.8.Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.9.Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.10.The concert given by their friends was a succe. 解析：

2：主语是idea, dream, plan等词时，表语都用不定式表示“要做的具体的事”。

4：首先“我”与“接信”是主动的，用现在分词；从句谓语“hadn’t received”先于主句谓语“wrote”发生，用现在分词的完成式，注意not在分词最前面。

6：天气允许的话，weather permits，permit这一动作有自己的主语weather，而且是主动形式，用weather permitting构成了独立主格结构作状语。

Ⅲ.单项选择。

1.C。offer（提供）与句子主语Andy是被动关系，所以用过去分词作原因状语。

2.C。found（建立）与所修饰词“Tsinghua University”是被动关系，所以用过去分词

作非限定性定语。

3.D。locate是一个及物动词，意思是“把......设置在”，sth.和locate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词在句中作状语。现在分词的完成式having been located，强调动作已经完成，不合题意。locate sth + for，即“为......而设置”。句意：纽约公园酒店简直是为了百老汇剧院和第五大道所设立的，是很多宾客的最爱。

4.D。compare与句子主语Michael’s new house 之间构成被动关系，所以用过去分词

作条件状语。句意：和旧房子相比，Michael 的新房子就像一座巨大的宫殿。

5.B。tire sb.意思是“使某人累”，某人是tire的宾语，所以表示“某人感到累”应用过

去分词，此处说明主语到达山顶时的状态。句意：虽然疲惫不堪，气喘吁吁，

Andy和Ruby还是第一批登上泰山山顶。

6.A。suffer与其逻辑主语the busineman是主动关系，要用动词-ing形式，而且-ing

形式表示的动作在谓语动作之前，要用其完成式，所以用A。

7.B。独立主格结构作状语，在此结构中逻辑主语leons与逻辑谓语finish之间为被

动关系，故选B。

8.C。本题考查过去分词作状语。he与lose构成被动关系，主动关系是he lost himself in...。

9.B。confuse sb.意为“使某人困惑”，因此表示“感到困惑”，要用过去分词作定语。suggest意为“暗示，表明”，后面从句不用虚拟语气。根据句意和suggested的时态可知从句中应用过去完成时表示到过去某时已经产生的结果。句意：她脸上困惑的表情说明她还没有明白经理的主意。

10.B。过去分词短语viewed（看）from a high mountain作状语，与句子主语a horse 有被动关系。

11.A。left是过去分词作time的定语，表示“被剩下”；to buy...表示目的“要买”。

12.A。句意：这座博物馆建成后，将在明年向公众开放。complete与the museum具有被动关系，用过去分词加上when作时间状语，故选A。不定式一般不作时间状语。

13.C。follow意为“跟随”，在第一空中，follow是定语，与所修饰词morning是主动关系的，即“第二天的早晨”是跟着今天的，所以用现在分词；第二空follow与句子的主语the father是被动关系，注意空后的by，用过去分词作伴随状语。

14.C。注意此题的关键词but，but是连词，连接两个表示转折的分句，即空白处也应是个完整的句子，因此选C。英语中though与but不能同时使用，排除D；如果去掉but，那么B、D都可以，B是现在分词的完成式被动语态作让步状语，而D是让步状语从句；没有but时选项A语法上也可以，但是因为不强调动作已经完成，没有选项B表达更生动。

15．D。exciting意为“令人高兴的”；excited指“感到高兴的”，表示内心感觉，应用excited，与happy一起作状语，表示他们跑出教室时的状态，可以理解为 They were excited and happy，因为与主句的主语一致，谓语动词是be，因此省略了they were。

16．A。considering（考虑到）作独立成分，表明说话人的态度，可以没有逻辑上的主语，为特殊情况，需要特殊记忆。

17．D。根据题意要表达的是“被警告”，所以要用过去分词表被动。

18．D。现在分词和过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语一般是句子的主语，只有选项D中the workers才能做building这个动作，故选D。

19．A。given此处作“鉴于，考虑到”解。句意“鉴于他的健康状况一般，他从手术中恢

复可能需要一段时间。”，故选A。

20．A。句意：在上个月调查的2000名股市投资者中，发现有90%的人缺乏金融知识。investors 和survey 构成被动关系，故用过去分词surveyed作定语；主句的主语90%的人和lack 为主动关系，故用lacking 作为其主语补足语，故选A项。

第11篇：过去分词作定语真题精析

过去分词作定语真题精析 1.There have been several new events ___________ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.(2006北京) A.add

B.to add

C.adding

D.added 解析：D。本题考查过去分词作定语的用法。

Five people won the “China‘s Green Figure” award, a title ___________ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.（2006山东）

A.being given

B.is given

C.given

D.was given解析：C。 title用作award的同位语；given在此作后置定语，故应选C。

Prices of daily goods ___________ through a computer can be lower than store prices.（2002北京春）

A.are bought

B.bought

C.been bought

D.buying 解析：B。goods是动词buy的逻辑宾语，故此处应该用过去分词作后置定语，答案选B。 4.Don‘t use words, expreions, or phrases ___________ only to people with specific knowledge.（2002上海） A.being known

B.having been known C.to be known

D.known 解析：D。根据语境可知，答案应该选D，known在此作后置定语。 5.The prize of the game show is $ 30,000 and an all expense ___________ vacation to China.（2005北京）

A.paying

B.paid

C.to be paid

D.being paid 解析：B。pay与expenses存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处应该用pay的过去分词形式。 6.The disco, digitally ___________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.（2004天津） A.recorded

B.recording C.to be recorded

D.having recorded 解析：A。根据句意可知，此处应该用record的过去分词形式作后置定语，故答案选A。 7.Most of the artists ___________ to the party were from South Africa.（NMET 1990）

A.invited

B.to invite

C.being invited

D.had been invited 解析：A。根据句意可知，此处应该用invite的过去分词形式作后置定语，故答案选A。 8.The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well ___________.（2005湖北）

A.to spend

B.spent

C.being spent

D.spending解析：B。根据语境可知，答案选B，spent在此作定语。 2.3.9.（10四川） A great number of students

said they were forced to practise the piano.

A.to question

B.to be questioned

C.questioned

D.questioning 答案：C

考点：考查非谓语动词作定语。

解析： question与students 存在被动关系，question表示的动作也已完成，故用过去分词。

10.（10全国Ⅰ）Mrs.White showed her students some old maps ______ from the library.A.to borrow

B.to be borrowed

C.borrowed D.borrowing 答案：C 句意：怀特夫人像学生们展示了一些从图书馆借来的老地图。

解答：根据选项此题考察非谓语动词，题干中空格划在名词maps后，空格后部分是对maps解释说明，因此此题考察非谓语动词做定语。非谓语动词做状语，首先判断动词与所修饰名词的主动还是被动关系，borrow和maps是被动关系，被动关系时非谓语动词形式有三种： to be done, being done, done，to be done表示动作将要发生，being done表示动作正在发生，done表示用作已经完成，根据句意borrow的动作已经完成，因此选择C。

第12篇：分词基本练习

分词作定语，状语的讲解及练习一

分词的种类：现在分词和过去分词 二

分词的形式

1 时态

2语态

1） 一般式 v--ing

being done 2) 完成式

having done

having been done 3）以上所有是否定形式都是直接在前面加not 4）过去分词形式

v+ed 二意义

1 现在分词表示动作正在进行和主动意义， 2 过去分词表示动作已经完成和被动意义。 三 作用

定语，状语，表语，补足语

四 定语：一个分词作定语前置，分词短语作定语后置。 a sleeping child We only sell used books.

The bridge built last month needs repairing.The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor

The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.由于被严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记

五 作状语 分词在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、让步、结果、方式、条件等。如：（1）表示时间

Arriving in Paris, I lost my way.到了巴黎，我迷了路。 When i arrived in paris,l lost my way 表示与主句中谓语动词同时性的现在分词强调时间意义时，分词前可以加上while, when等从属连接词，。如：

Don’t talk while having di er.吃饭时不要说话。

When croing the street, do be careful.过马路时要小心。 （2）表示原因 表示原因的分词短语一般置于句首。

Having lived in London for years, I almost know every place quite well.在伦敦住过多年，我几乎对每个地方都很熟悉。

Seriously injured, he had to be taken to ho ital.由于伤得严重，只好把他送往医院。（3）表示结果

The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable.大火持续了近一个月，几乎没剩下什么有用的东西。

Football is played in more than 80 countries, making it a popular ort.80多个国家都踢足球，因此足球成了一种很流行的运动。 （4）表示方式

I stood by the door, not daring to say a word.我站在门旁，不敢说一句话。 He earns his living buying vegetables （5）表示条件

Being more careful, you can make fewer mistakes.如果你更细心，你会犯更少的错误。Once losing this chance, you can’t easily find it.一旦失去这次机会你就很难找回。

分词练习1.The old farmer,________ the badly-injured and wounded soldier, came out of the burning house, ________for help.

A.supporting; calling

B.supported by; called

C.being supported by; called

D.being supporting; called

2.-Oh, it’s already a quarter past six.What shall we do at the meeting this evening? -We’ll go on with the matter________ this afternoon.

A.be discued

B.being discuing C.discued

D.which discued 3.The brave man died,________ his young wife nothing but a________ cottage. A.left; breaking

B.leaving; broken C.left; broken D.to leave; breaking 4.________the exam, the boy was punished by his father.

A.No paing

B.Having paed C.Not paing D.Not having paed

5.________into many languages, the story is well known all over the world now.

A.Being translated B.Having translated C.To be translated

D.Having been translated 6.________from heart trouble for years, Profeor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.

A.Suffered B.To suffer C.Having suffered D.Being suffered

7.Many teachers were praised at the meeting, Mr.Zhou________.

A.including B.being including C.to include D.included

8.-Who were those people with the flags?

-A group________ itself the League of Peace.

A.calls B.calling C.called D.being called

9.________you the truth, she knows nothing about it.

A.Tell B.Telling C.To tell D.Told

10.We slept with the light________ all night long last night.

A.burnt B.to burn C.being burnt D.burning

11.Linda can’t attend the party________ at Tom’s house at present because she is preparing a speech for the party ________ at Marie’s house tomorrow.

A.being held; to be held B.to be held; held C.held; being held D.to be held; to be held 12.Wen________ that it was getting late, I put off the light and went to bed. A.find B.finding C.found D.to find

13.Don't leave the water _____ while you brush your teeth. A.run B.running C.being run D.to run

14.______from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.

A.Being separated B.Having separated C.Having been separated D.To be separated 15.He sent me an E-mail, _______ to get further information.A.hoped B.hoping C.to hope D.Hope

16.When first ______ to the market, these products enjoyed great succe. A.introducing B.introduced C.introduce D.being introduced 17.It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ______ at the meeting by my bo.

A.questioning B.having questioned C.questioned D.to be questioned 18.Friendship is like money: easier made than ______.

A.kept B.to be kept C.keeping D.being kept 19.— What’s happening in the street?

— A group ______ Green Peace are protesting against the summit.

A.calls B.called C.calling D.to be called 20.He had his leg ______ when playing football.

A.break B.to break C.breaking D.Broke 21.______ with excitement, the children couldn’t fall asleep.

A.To fill B.To be filled C.Filling D.Filled 22.Even if ______, I won’t go.

A.invited B.inviting C.I invited D.he invites 23.With the homework ______, he was allowed to watch the football match.

A.finished B.finishing C.to finish D.to be finished 24.With his finger ______ to the ______ window, the teacher asked: “Who did that?”

A.pointing; broken B.pointed; broke C.pointing; breaking D.pointed; breaking 25.The shy girl never speaks unle ______.

A.speaking B.spoken C.speaking to D.spoken to 26.______ by Yang Liwei’s speech，the students are determined to study even harder.

A.Deeply moved B.Having deeply move C.To be deeply moved D.Moving deeply 27.If ______ green, the door might look more beautiful.

A.paint B.painted C.painting D.to paint 28.The girl is still fast asleep, with her head ______ deep in arms.

A.bury B.to bury C.buried D.burying

第13篇：定语 111

定语

定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。 主要有形容词此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。 汉语中常用‘„„的’表示。定语和中心语之间是修饰和被修饰、限制和被限制的关系。在汉语中，中心语与定语二者之间有的需要用结构助词“的”，有的不需要，有的可要可不要。 “的”是定语的标志。

．在汉语中，定语常由形容词、数量词、名词、代词充当，也可有其他词或短语充当。定语用来修饰主语和宾语。 例如：（暖和）的阳光照着（平静）的湖水。（形容词作定语） 我给大家讲（一个）故事。（数量词作定语） （今天）的报纸看过吗？ （名词作定语） （我们）的历史有（自己）的特点。（代词作定语） 2.几点说明：

A 在句子中，结构助词“的”前用来修饰、限制名词的词或短语就是定语。也就是说，结构助词“的”是定语的标志。 例如：（海南）（名词作定语）的工业发展很快。 B 有时定语后可不带“的”。

例如：这里盖起了（一座）（数量词作定语）房子。 C 名词前有时定语不止一个。

例如：（我们学校）的（两位）（数量词作定语）（有三十年教龄）（形容词作定语）的（语文）（名词作定语）老师当上了代表。

D 定语的位置在主语前面，和宾语前面。

例如：（代词作定语）（小明）的爸爸是（一名）（数量词作定语）教师。 夜幕下的黑翼（下，即是）

定语顺序

多层定语的一般是按照逻辑关系来排列的，与中心语关系越密切的定语越靠近中心语。 多层定语从远到近的顺序一般是： 表领属关系（谁的）

表示时间、处所（什么时候、什么地方） 表指代或数量 （多少）

表动词性词语、主谓短语 （怎样的） 表形容词性短语 （什么样的） 表性质、类别或范围 （什么） 例如：

高浓度的有害液体 新分配来的语文老师 蓝色的呢子大衣他昨天上午写的那封感谢信 那个穿黑色西装的南方人

那种开紫色小白花的野草 地处塔里木盆地边缘的生产哈密瓜的小镇 多层定语的排列还遵循以下的规律：

1、带“的”的定语一般放在不带“的”的定语之前。例如只能说“蓝色的呢子大衣”，不能说“呢子蓝色的大衣”。其中，不带“的”动词直接作定语修饰中心语，在形容词和名词之后，例如“一顿丰盛的烤羊肉”、“新型取暖设备”。

2、结构复杂的定语一般放在结构简单的定语之前。例如“刚从国外进口的教学用的数码录音设备”，一般不能说成“教学用的刚从国外进口的数码录音设备”。[1]

古代含义

在古代汉语里，为了突出和强调定语，有时也会把定语放在中心词之后，这种情况叫做“定语后置”。译成现代汉语时，一般都应提到中心词前边来。另外，定语后置时，往往在中心词和定语之间加“之”字，有时也在定语后面加“者”字。1.用“者”结句，形成“中心词+后置定语+者” 2.用之.“中心词+之+后置定语”的形式。如：“其嵌然相累而下者，若牛马之饮于溪；其冲然角列而上者，若熊罴之登于山。”

定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。主要有形容词此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。汉语中常用„……的‟表示。定语和中心语之间是修饰和被修饰、限制和被限制的关系。在汉语中，中心语与定语二者之间有的需要用结构助词“的”，有的不需要，有的可要可不要。“的”是定语的标志。

我们知道，定语是用来限制或修饰中心词的，一般放在中心词的前面。这是古今汉语的共同规律。但在古汉语里，有时为了强调和突出定语，把它放到中心词的后面，这种语法现象就称为定语后置。定语后置一般有标志性的词语。所以，我们可以根据这些特点把它归结为四种常见的形式： 1． 中心词+之+后置定语 例如：

①（古）蚓无爪牙之利，筋骨之强。（《劝学》） （今）蚯蚓没有锋利的爪牙，强健的筋骨。

②（古）居庙堂之高则忧其民，处江湖之远则忧其君。（《岳阳楼记》） （今）处在高高的庙堂上，就为他的人民忧虑，处在僻远的江湖间，就替他的君主担忧。

③ 人又谁能以身之察察，受物之汶汶者乎！（《屈原列传》）（高尚的人谁又能让自己清洁的身子，蒙受污浊的外物[污染]呢！）

①②句中的中心词分别是“爪牙”、“筋骨”、“庙堂”、“江湖”，后置定语分别是“利”、“强”、“高”、“远”，四个“之”是定语后置句的标志，无实在意义。

2． 中心词+之（而）+后置定语+者 例如：

④（古）马之千里者，一食或尽粟一石。（《马说》） （今）能日行千里的马，吃一顿有时要吃一担粮食。

⑤（古）此四者，天下之穷民而无告者。（《孟子?梁惠王下》） （今）这四种人，是天下无依无靠的走投无路的老百姓。 ⑥ 僧之富者不能至，而贫者至焉。（《为学》）（富有的和尚不能到达，穷和尚却到了那里）

⑦ 石之铿然有声者，所在皆是也。（《石钟山记》）（发出铿锵的声音的石头，到处的石头都是这样的）

④⑤句中的中心词分别是“马”、“穷民”，后置定语分别是“千里”、“无告”，标志性的词语分别是“之……者”、“而……者”，其中的“者”相当现代汉语中联系定语和中心词的结构助词“的”。 3． 中心词+后置定语+者 如：

⑧（古）村中少年好事者，驯养一虫。（《促织》） （今）村里好事的少年，养了一只蟋蟀。 ⑧句中的中心词是“少年”，后置定语是“好事”，“者”是标志性词语。 ⑨ 盖简桃核修狭者为之。（《核舟记》）（这是挑选狭长形的桃核来雕刻的）

⑩ 有奇字素无备者，旋刻之。（《活板》）（有些平时没有准备的生僻字，当即就把它刻出来） ③ 村中少年好事者，驯养一虫（《促织》）（村子里有个好事的年轻人，养着一只蟋蟀）

⑾ 且将军大势可以拒操者，长江也（《赤壁之战》）（况且将军您的可以用来抗拒曹操的有利形势，就是长江） ⑿ 求人可使报秦者，未得。（《廉颇蔺相如列传》）（想找一个可以出使秦国向秦国回复的人，也没有找到）⒀ 太子及宾客知其事者，皆白衣冠以送之。（《荆轲刺秦王》）（太子丹和知道这件事的门客，都穿了白衣，戴上白帽，给荆轲送行。）

第14篇：定语从句

一、什么是定语从句？

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。在定语从句中，被修饰的这一名词或代词叫做先行词。在定语从句中的引导词叫做关系词。关系词又分关系代词和关系副词。

二、关系词有哪些？

1、关系代词：which（指sth），that（指sb或sth），who（指sb作主语或宾语），whom（指sb作宾语），whose（指sb或sth，作定语）

2、关系副词：when（指时间），where（指地点），why（指原因）

三、关系代词和关系副词有何区别？

主要是它们在从句中所起的作用不同。关系代词在从句中一般作主语或宾语。而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。分清楚这一关系并在做题时想着这个原则，就不会出原则性的错误了。

四、定语从句解题步骤

1、找对先行词。

2、确定先行词在定语从句中的位置，也就是在定语从句中担任何成份。这一点可以帮助我们划分使用关系代词还是关系副词。

eg：This is the place that/which I visited years ago.

This is the place where I lived years ago.

分析：这两句的先行词都是the place，由于第一句中的先行词在定语从句中作visit的宾语，所以选择关系代词，如果作宾语时关系代词可省略。而第二句的先行词则在定语从句中作状语，因为live是不及物动词，因此选择关系副词where。

3、区别各关系代词的使用。

五、关系代词中的which和that如何区分？

在先行词为物情况下，一般情况两者可通用，但也有不可互换的情况。

以下几种情况只用that:

1.先行词all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词。

2.先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much 等修饰。

3.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。

4.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时。

That white flower is the only one that I really like.

This is the very book that I want to have.

The last place that we visited was the chemical works.

5.有两个或两个以上的分别表示人和物的先行词，从句应用that,而不是其他。He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.

6.当主句是以who, which 开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句多用that，而不用who(whom)，which.

Who is the person that is standing at the gate?

以上通常是使用于物，人一般不受限制，但如果正式和严谨可以遵循这一原则。

六、各关系副词

when：I did remember the day when I come to No.4 High School.

where：This is the house where I lived years ago.

why：Could you please tell me the reasons why you came late to school this morning.

七、几点说明

1、在先行词为人的情况下，遇到who和 that都有的情况，如何处理？

eg：Who is the girl that is speaking to my teacher?

2、在先行词为人且在定语从句中作宾语，用who还是whom？答：一般情况两者可通用，但遇到介词提前时只能用whom。eg：He is my English teacher from whom I learned a lot.定语从句练习

一、填空选择正确的关系代词填入题目中的空白处。1.This is the comrade __________ will go to the south with us tomorrow.2.Who\'s the student __________ the teacher is talking with?3.I like the present __________ you\'ve sent to me.4.The nurse __________ we talked about can speak English well.5.This is the most difficult job __________ we\'ve ever done.6.This is the cleverest man __________ I\'ve ever known.7.I bought all __________ was neceary.8.The old gentleman __________ you met just now is a famous writer.9.The girl to __________ I lent my bike works in a hospital.10.All __________ come are welcome.11.This is the girl __________ songs you heard last night.12.She was the brave girl __________ name is known to everybody here.13.Thank you for the help __________ you\'ve done for me.14.This radio set __________ we have had for two years is a good one.15.The next question __________ I found difficult to answer was put to me by Mary.二、将下列句子合并成带有定语从句的复合句。16.He is the young writer．He wrote the book．17．Do you know the doctor?He comes here once a month and examines the workers．18．The foreign guest is Mr．Green．You saw him at the school gate．19．He is the new head．I was talking about him this morning．20．I\'ve received the bookFather sent it to me．21．The factory has got one succe after another．We visited the factory last week．22．What\'s the name of the girl?Her grandpa took part in the Long March．23．The man looks like the actor．I\'ve heard his songs on TV．24．This letter is from my elder brother．He serves in the army．25．Do you see the bridge?It was built last year．26．The old man is a profeor．

27．We visited the singer yesterday．Her performances we all like very much．28．The old worker is still working hard with us．His hair has turned gray．29．The bike was not good．You wanted to buy it．30．The medicine didn\'t help me．Dr．Chang had given it．31．The exercise is wrong．We did it last night．32．The woman is here now．You were talking about her． 33．The bus was the wrong one．Xiao Li was running after it．34．The wallet has been found．Mr．Hopkins was looking for it．35．The recorder has been stolen．Wang spent all the money on it．答案1.who/that2.that3.that/which4.whom/that5.that6.that7.that8.whom/that9.whom10.that11.whose12.whose13.which/that14.which/that15.that16.He is the young writer who wrote the book.17.Do you know the doctor who comes here once a month and examines the workers?18.The foreign guest whom you see at the school gate is Mr.Green.19.He is the new head whom I was talking about this morning.20.I\'ve received the book which father sent to me.21.The factory which we visited last week has got one succe after another.22.What is the name of the girl whose grandpa took part in the Long March?23.The man looks like the actor whose songs I\'ve heard on TV.24.This letter is from my elder brother who serves in the army.25.Do you see the bridge which was built last year?26.The old man who teaches chemistry in a college is a profeor.27.We visited the singer yesterday whose performances we all like very much.28.The old worker whose hair has turned grey is still working hard with us.29.The bike which you wanted to buy was not good.30.The medicine which Dr.Chang had given didn\'t help me.31.The exercise which we did last night is wrong.32.The woman whom you were talking about is here now.33.The bus which Xiao Li was running after is the wrong one.34.The wallet which Mr.Hopkins was looking after has been found.35.The recorder on which we spent all our money has been stolen.

第15篇：定语从句

高一必修2 Unit1：Cultural relics知识点及课后测试（含答案）

一、非限制性定语从句：

1.让学生在课文中把含有定语从句的句子全部划出来，标上序号。

2.提醒学生从句子的意义和形式方面进行对比，发现两种定语从句的不同点。3.同桌之间交换意见，对两种定语从句的不同点形成初步印象。

4.教师引导学生对这些结论进行归纳分析，结合例句梳理两种定语从句的不同用法。限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句

与主句语意关系紧凑，定语从句不与主句语意关系松散，定语从句拿掉其 能删除 他部分仍可成立 表意

功能 修饰先行词 修饰先行词或整个句子 无逗号与主句分开 有逗号与主句分开

使用时可以用that引导 使用时不能用that引导 形式 关系词做宾语可省 关系词做宾语不可省

as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句 as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。 As we know, smoking is harmful to one\'s health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.as 和which引导非限制性定语从句的不同：

(1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首、句中和句尾，而which只能放在句末。 As is reported, a foreign delegation will visit the city.（2）as有实际意义，可翻译成“正如，正像”而which并无实际意义。常见的搭配有： as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那样 as is known to all 众所周知

as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样 as is often the case 情况常常如此 as is hoped 正如希望的

Food prices finally went down, as people had expected.（3）当定于从句是否定句或表示否定时，只能用which He came here very late, which was unexpected.Mr.Smith usually praises his student Rose in public, which she doesn’t like at all.as 引导限制性定语从句 （1）常用于下列句式

such+名词+as… 像……一样,像……之类 the same+名词+as… 和……同样的

Such people as were recommended by him were reliable.他所推荐的人是可靠的。 I’d like to use the same tool as is used here.我想使用和这里一样的工具。 注意：下面两句意思的差别

这和我上周读的那本书是一样的。（不是同一本） 这就是我上周读的那本书。（同一本）

二、课文知识点

1.cultural relics 文化遗产

Many unearthed cultural relics were exhibited at the museum.博物馆展出了许多出土文物。 2.rare and valuable 珍贵稀有 It is rare to find such a genius nowadays.这样的天才现在很少见。

3.in search of 寻找，寻求 = in search for He\'s sailed the seven seas in search of adventure.他闯荡七大洋去历险.He went to the south in search for a better future.他为了寻找更好的前途到南方去。 4.in the fancy style 以别致的风格 in … style/ in the style of ……以……风格

These clothes are too fancy for me, I prefer plainer ones.这些衣服对我来说有些花哨，我还是喜欢素净些的。 5.popular She is popular at school.她在学校里很受人喜欢。

This dance is popular with young people.这种舞很受青年人喜爱。

6.…a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the country’s best artists about ten years to make.用金银珠宝装饰起来的珍品，一批国家最优秀的艺术家用了大约十年的时间才把它完成。

decorate with 以...装饰

7.be designed for …为……而设计 by design 故意地

My brother designs to be an engineer.我弟弟立志要当工程师。

This room was originally designed to be my study.这间屋子原预定做我的书房。

His parents designed him for the army, but he preferred the navy.他父母打算要他当陆军，但是他却喜欢当海军。 8.belong to 属于

We belong to the same generation.我们属于同代人。 9.in return 作为回报/报答/交换

in turn 依次地，轮流的；转而，反过来

10.a troop of 一群He is surrounded by a troop of friends.他被一群朋友围住了。 11.become part of… 变成……的一部分 It is part of the way we act.它是我们行为表现的一部分。 12.serve as 作为，用作，充当，起作用

The room can serve as a study.这间房子可作书房用。

13.a small reception hall for important visitors 接待重要来宾的小型会客室。

14.Later，Catherine II had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers.后来，叶卡捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到圣彼得堡郊外她避暑的宫殿中。 have sth done 请/让别人做某事，使得，蒙受某种损失 We had the machine repaired.我们请人把机器修好了。

15.In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted.1770年，这间琥珀屋按照她的要求完成了。 ( I was never allowed to do things the way /that/ in which I wanted.我从来不允许按照自己的想法去做事情。) 16.Sadly, although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world, it is miing.可悲的是，尽管琥珀屋被认为是世界上的一大奇迹之一，可是现在它却消失了。 I am considering going abroad.我正在考虑出国。 I consider it a great honor.我认为这是极大的荣幸。

We consider that the driver is not to blame.我们认为这不是司机的过错。

We consider it (to be ) true.=(We consider that it is true.) 我们认为这是真实的。 a couple of words miing 缺的两三个字 There is a page miing.缺少一页。

Police are combing the woods for the miing children.警察搜遍树林以寻找失踪的孩子.17.be at war 处于战争状态,交战

18.remove some furture and small art objects 把一些家具和小件艺术品搬走 He removed the mud from his shoes.他去掉鞋上的泥。

This old table is a valuable piece of furniture.这张旧桌子是一件很珍贵的家具。 19.in le than two days 在不到两天的时间里

20.There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for… 毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上了运往……的火车。 There is no doubt that she will keep her word.毫无疑问她会遵守诺言的.There is no doubt that Taiwan belongs to China.这是毫无疑问的,台湾属于中国。 There is no doubt that she is capable of the job.她能胜任这个工作,这是毫无疑问的.21.After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery.从那以后，琥珀屋的去处便成了一个谜。

it remains to be seen 尚待分晓

The fact remains to be proved.事实尚待证明

remain in呆在家里 remain out呆在外面, 留在户外 These matters remain in doubt.这些事情仍然值得怀疑

He\'s determined to remain loyal to the team whatever comes his way.他决心不管发生什么事都忠于球队。

Peter became a judge but John remained a fisherman.彼得当了法官，但约翰仍然是个渔民。 22.By studying old photos of the former Amber Room, they have made the new one look like the old one.通过研究琥珀屋原来的照片，他们建造的新琥珀屋样子和旧的看起来非常像。 23.One day he was looking in a second-hand furniture shop when he saw an amazing object among the many different vases and jewels.一天，他正在一家二手家具商店查找，突然他在众多不同的花瓶和首饰中看见一个神奇的东西。

24.without doubt 无疑地，确实地

He is without doubt the cleverest student I\'ve ever taught.他确实是我所教过的学生中最聪明的.25.the UN peace-keeping force 联合国维和部队

26.The old man saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and receiving it.那位老人看见一些德国人把琥珀屋拆开搬走了。 take apart 拆卸，拆开

Take apart the pieces before putting the toys away.玩具拿开前先将它拆成一件件的。

27.In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnees to believe and which not to believe.在审讯中，法官必须确定哪些目击者可信哪些不可信。 28.rather than胜于，而不是 Tom rather than Jack is to blame.该受责备的是汤姆，而不是杰克。 I prefer to read rather than sit idle.我宁愿读书而不愿闲坐着。 We aim at quality rather than quantity.我们的目的是重质不重量。 第4/8页

29.by the light of the moom 借助于月光 30.for oneself 亲自，独自地

One should not live for oneself alone.一个人不应只是为自已活着。

31.To my surprise the entrance to the mine was closed 使我感到惊奇的是矿口被封闭了。…….32.I think highly of those who are searching for the Ambe Room.我认为那些在找寻琥珀屋的人们很了不起。

33.Nor do I think they should give it to any government.我也不认为他们会把它交给任何政府。 34.do with 处理，忍受，对付 I can\'t do with his insolence.我忍受不了他那傲慢无礼的态度 What do they do with the coin? 他们是怎样处理这枚硬币的? 35.take notes of 记录，把……记下来

Please take notes of the important while you read.请边读边把重要的事情记下来。

36.Read the information that is provided for the visitors.阅读一下为参观者提供的信息。 They provide us with food.他们供给我们食物。

We provided food for the hungry children.我们为饥饿的孩子们提供食物。

It\'s wise to save some money and provide for the future.\"积蓄点钱,为将来使用作些准备是明智的。\" He has a wife and seven children to provide for.他需要赡养妻子和七个孩子。

37.It will not only give you a chance of practising your English but also of developing an interest in local history at the same time.它不仅给你了练习英语的机会而且在同时也给你了培养对当地历史感兴趣的机会。 38.for fun 为了消遣，为了开心 He plays violin just for fun.他拉小提琴只是为了自娱自乐。 【练习】 一）填写单词

1.By definition the capital is the political and c_______ center of a country.2.Though he recovered from his illne, he r__________ weak.3.The house b_________ to the old man was built hundreds of years ago.4.Heavily as it rained, we were still out in s________ of the miing boy.5.The school building was d_________ by a famous profeor in Beijing, whose s_________ many people prefer.6.I sent her a bike as his birthday g________, and she gave me an mp3 in r_________.7.She stared at herself in the m________ and lost in thought.8.They are twins.No w________ I can not tell them apart.9.He was c_________ to be honest.In fact, the e_________he gave p______ to be false.10.We mustn\'t _____ to know what we don\'t know.Please raise your questions if any.第5/8页

二）请根据中文意思完成下列句子。 1.长城是世界一大奇迹。 The Great Wall is one of the _______ in the world.2.请考虑一下我的建议。Please ____________ my suggestion.3．仅几名士兵没有战死。 Only a few soldiers ____________ the battle.4．我偶然在那书店里见到这本珍贵的书。

5．他的绘画受到世界上一些专家的好评。Some experts of the world _______ his paintings.6．他给我们如此多的帮助我想为他做些事作为报答。He has given us so much help that I really wanted to do something _________.7．有很多人出席了这次会议，其中三分之二都是同一个学校的。There are many people present at the meeting, two thirds of whom _________ _______ the same school.8．我们认为他说的不重要。We ___________ what he said unimportant.9．那些男孩去找吃的东西去了。 ________ 10． 他是个对音乐有天赋的学生。 三）单项选择

1.When I left, he _____ me that I should take my recorder to his birthday party.A.remembered B.reminded C.was remained D.asked 2.______ his wife, his daughter also went to see him.A.Besides B.Beside C.Except D.Except for 3.A working party has been set up to ______ this matter.A.look up B.look for C.look into D.look through 4.The had a good preparation for the project, so they had little _____ all the work.A.troubles to finish B.trouble to finish C.difficulty in finishing D.difficulties to finish 5.That dre is such a good _____ that it will be fashionable for years.A.manner B.style C.sort D.model 6.This photo _____ me __________ my childhood.A.reminded; of B.remembered; in C.recalled; in D.remained; into 7.A year later, his friend was appointed as a sales manager, but he _____ a salesman.A.reminded B.still C.worked D.remained 8.Since 1949, the people’s living standard ____ , causing a big ____ in population.A.has been raised; rise B.has been rose; raise C.has raised; rise D.has raised; rose 9.As I felt so much better, my doctor ______ me to take a holiday by the sea.A.suggested B.advised C.considered D.insisted 10.______ decision is made, you must ______ .A.Once; carry it out B.when; carry out it C.As soon as; work out it D.After; carry it on 11.I am very grateful for your aistance, and hope that one day I may be albe to do something for you ______ .A in turns B.in case C.in return D.in use 12.When you are in ______ about the meaning of the word, you can look it up in a dictionary.第6/8页

A.idea B.talk C.wonder D.doubt 13.I’ve ______ invitation, but I don’t think I’ll______ it.

A accepted; received B.received; receive C.taken; accept D.received; accept 四）定语从句专项 1.Do you remember the deer farm we visited two months ago? A.why B.when C.that D.how 2.Anyway, that evening, ______ I’ll tell you more about later, was really terrible.A.when B.where C.that D.which 3.John said he’d been working in the lab for an hour, ______ was true.A.that B.which C.who D.what 4.Anne always spoke highly of her colleagues in the movie, ______, of course, made the others very happy.A.who B.which C.that D.what 5.Chongqing is the city ______ she lived when she was young.A.where B.which C.when D.how 6.Do you know the reasons ______ he came back? A.how B.which C.that D.why 7.The doctor was very impolite to the patient, ______ of course, made things even worse.A.who B.whom C.which D.what 8.He’s got himself into a dangerous situation ______ he was likely to lose control over the plane.A.where B.which C.while D.why 9.I don’t like cars ______ owners park too close to me.A.which B.who C.whose D.of which 10.________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A.Which B.That C.As D.Such 11.The weather turned out to be very good, ______ was more than we expected.A.what B.which C.that D.this 12.Charlie Chaplin, ______ childhood was hard, began acting at the age of five.第7/8页

A.who B.whom C.whose D.his 13.We are talking about a subject ______ the importance hasn’t been realized.A.which B.that C.of which D.whose 14.The science of medicine, ______ progre has been very rapid, is perhaps the most important of all the sciences.A.which B.that C.in which D.with which Unit1 Cultural relics答案

（一）

1.cultural 2.remains 3.belonging 4.search 5.designed, style6.gift, return 7.mirror 8.wonder 9.considered, evidence, proved 10.pretend

（二）

1.wonders 2.consider 3.survied 4.rare 5.thought highly of 6.in trturn 7.belong to 8.consider 9.in search of 10.gift

（三） BACCB ADABA CDD 四）

1-5 CDBBA 6-10 DCACC 11-14BCCC

第16篇：定语从句

定语从句

名词或代词由一个从句来修饰，该从句即定语从句。定语从句一般后置，但as引导的修饰全句的定语从句可以前置。

引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as等以及关系副词when, where, why等。关系代词或关系副词放在被修饰的名词或代词（又叫做先行词）和定语从句之间起联系作用，同时又作定语从句中的一个成份。 【要点难点】

1) that和which的用法区别 只用that的情况：

① 先行词由最高级修饰时，如the best work that I can do。 ② 先行词由序数词修饰时，如the second book that I bought。 ③ 先行词由the last, the only, the same, the very等修饰时。

④ 先行词是不定代词all, anything, everything, little, much, nobody, nothing等时，如anything that he does; all that I can do now等。

⑤ 先行词有any, no, all等限定词时，如all the words that I’ve learned。

⑥ 先行词为词组，该词组既含人又含物时，如the city and the people that I visited。 只用which的情况：

① 在非限定性定语从句中（定语从句前有逗号）。 ② 介词后。

请看that和which的使用例句：

It’s the best film that’s ever been made on the subject of madne. 这是以精神病为题材而拍摄的影片中最好的一段。

Shakespeare is the greatest poet that England has ever had.莎士比亚是英国最伟大的诗人。（本句中先行词虽是人，但由于前面也有形容词最高级修饰，仍用that较好） Take the first opportunity that offers.抓住第一个出现的机会。

He is the last person that one would suspect.人们最不可能怀疑他。

Man is the only creature that is gifted with speech.只有人类具有语言的天赋。 A fool sees not the same tree that a wise man sees. 一个傻瓜看到的树和一个聪明人看到的树不一样。

Those were the very words that he said at the meeting.这些就是他在会上说的原话。 All that glitters is not gold.闪光的并不都是金子。

Anything that you have to say had better be said in each other’s presence.有话最好当面说。 There’s still much that is to be done.仍然有很多事要做。 I have changed my mind.Nothing that you say will change it. 我已经改变了主意，无论你说什么也无法改变它。 Nobody that was there could convince her of her mistake. 这那儿没有一个人能使她明白她的错误。

Every paper that you read gives the same story.你看的每份报纸都报道同样的新闻。 I still can’t forget the places and the people that I visited during last summer vacation. 我仍然难以忘怀去年暑假我见到的地方和人。

2) 关系代词（that, which, who, whom等）和关系副词（when, where等）的用法区别 ① 关系代词在定语从句作主语、宾语或表语，而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。 ② 分析时主要从动词的及物性或有无介词来考虑。 看如下对比例句：

1 ① This is the factory where my father once worked.这是我父亲曾工作过的工厂。（worked是不及物动词，不接宾语，所以不用which/that。where相当于in the factory） This is the factory which/that my father once worked in.（worked in的宾语是factory，故用关系代词which/that）

② I will never forget the days which/that I spent in the wood near our village. 我忘不了我在我村边小树林里度过的日子。（the days是spent的宾语） I will never forget the days when I spent my holidays with my grandparents. 我忘不了我和我的祖父母一起度假的日子。（spent的宾语是holidays，不是the days） I will never forget the small village where I spent my holidays.

我忘不了我度假的小村庄。（与上句一样，spent的宾语是my holidays） ③ Is this the school which/that you visited the other day?

这是你几天前参观过的学校吗？（the school作visited的宾语） Is this the school where you visited your teacher the other day?

这是你几天前拜访你老师的学校吗？（visited在定语从句中有自己的宾语your teacher，所以不用that/which）

3) those who和he who句型

两个常用句型。He who常用于谚语中。请看例句：

He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。 God helps those who help themselves.上帝帮助自强的人。

He who insists on seeing with perfect clearne before he decides never decides.

坚持一切看清楚之后才做决定的人永远也做不了决定。

He was a bold man who first ate an oyster.第一个吃牡蛎的人是勇敢的人。 4) whose的用法 whose是关系限定词，既可以指人也可以指物，即既可以说“某人的”，也可以说“某物的”。 Fortune never helps the man whose courage fails.运气永远不会帮助丧失勇气的人。 That\'s the man whose house has burned down.那就是那位房屋烧毁的人。 Have you noticed the house whose windows are closed now?

你注意到了那家窗户关着的房子吗？

He’s written a book whose name I have completely forgotten. 他写了一本书，书名我完全忘记了。

Above the trees are the mountains, whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.在树林的高处是山，其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。

注：在正式文体中，指物时，whose往往用of which表示。of which可放在被修饰的名词之前或之后，而whose只能放在被修饰的名词之前。例如：The house whose windows/of which the windows/the windows of which are broken is unoccupied.（那间窗户破了的房屋没人居住。） whose前有时有介词。

The teacher in whose cla my daughter is studying is a kindhearted man. 我女儿所在的那位老师心地善良。

Michel Croz, with whose help, Woolworth climbed to the mountain top, was one of the prefeional guides.

米歇尔?克罗兹是职业向导之一，在他的帮助下伍德沃斯攀登到了山顶。

Then we had a chance to talk with that tall man, from whose accent we at once knew that he came from Hunan Province.后来我们有机会和那个高个子说话，我们从他的口音迅速知道他是个湖南人。

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5) 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别

限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：限制性定语从句是先行词（即被修饰词）不可缺少的定语，限制性定语从句前不用逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果去掉，先行词所述对象仍很清楚，非限制性定语从句前常用逗号隔开。这里有两个例句及分析：

Those who want to go camping please tell the monitor.想去野营的人请告诉班长。（定语从句who want to go camping在句中不可少，否则先行词those不知道指谁，也就变得无意义，因此它是限制性定语从句。）

Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.足球风靡全世界，它是一项很有趣的运动。（定语从句which is a very interesting game只是对意义已很明确的football作一个补充说明，因此它是非限制性定语从句。）

注意，非限制性定语从句可以用关系代词which, who, whom, whose, as及介词+which/whom等引导，也可以用关系副词when, where引导，但不能用that引导。另外，非限制性定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词是不能省略的。 6) whom的用法

只有作定语从句中的宾语时才能用whom；介词后用whom不用who。口语中whom前无介词时可用that或who代替。

My brother, whom you met the other day, has gone abroad. 前几天你遇见过的我的那个兄弟，出国去了。

I have a few friends whom I could ring to see if they are free.

我有几个朋友，我可以打电话去联系，看看他们是不是有时间。

You have many people around you who are kind to you but whom you will soon forget. 你周围有许多对你好的人，但你都会很快忘记他们。 There came a lot of children, most of whom I didn’t know. 来了许多孩子，大多数我都不认识。 7) 介词＋which/whom引导的定语从句

如果关系代词which/whom本身在定语从句中充当一个介词或介词短语的宾语的时候，有时可以将介词直接放在which/whom的前面，这样就产生了“介词＋关系代词”及“名词或代词＋介词＋which/whom”或“复合介词＋which/whom”等的结构。

I know the man to whom you talked just now.我认识你刚才与之说话的那个人。 Life is a flower of which love is honey.人生是花朵，爱情是花蜜。

He was educated at the local grammar school, after which he went on to Cambridge. 当在当地的一所中学上学，此后就去上了剑桥大学。

It’s a family of five children, all of whom are studying music. 这一家有五个孩子，他们都在学音乐。

In the attic we found some apples, none of which was fit to eat. 在阁楼里我们发现了一些苹果，其中没有一个能吃的。

I have three brothers, all of whom have gone abroad.我有三个兄弟，他们都出国了。 Soon they spotted a mountain, on top of which stood a temple. 不久他们发现了一座山，山顶上有一座庙宇。 8) why引导的定语从句

关系副词why用在reason之后，只引导限制性定语从句，why在从句中作状语，表示原因。 Give me the reason why you should be interested in his affairs.

3 告诉我你为什么竟对他的事这样感兴趣。

The reason why she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat.她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。 That is the reason why he raised the question.这就是他所以提出问题的原因。

注意：有时reason后不一定是why引导的定语从句。如下列句子中，reason后接的是which/that引导的定语从句，这是因为，reason在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 Is this the reason which/that the chairman gave at the meeting? 这就是主席在会上所给的理由吗？ I really can’t understand the reason that/which he explained.我实在无法理解他所解释的理由。 9) where引导定语从句有时修饰一些具有抽象意义的表示地点的名词，如situation, point, position等等。

If you are ever in a situation where someone starts shooting, drop to the ground. 如果你遇到有人要射击的情况就摔倒在地上。

But after a few days’ stay they got to the point where they could read each other\'s thoughts. 不过呆了几天之后，他们到了一个彼此能理解相互想法的阶段。

It got to the point where I couldn\'t remember any of the reasons I loved him. 到那时候，我无法记起我爱他的任何理由了。 10) the way后的定语从句

The way后的定语从句用in which引导，in which可以用that代替，而that又可以省略。所以，表达“某人做某事的方法”有三种形式：1.the way in which somebody does something 2.the way that somebody does something 3.the way somebody does something.11) which指代前面的句中的内容

which的这一用法只能以非限定性定语从句出现。

Jenny was late for school a third time during the week, which made her teacher very angry. 詹妮一周内第三次迟到了，这使得她老师很生气。

He left early, which was wise.他早早地离开，那是很明智的。 He suddenly became wealthy, which changed his whole mode of life. 他忽然变得富有了，这改变了他整个的生活方式。 He often helps me with my leons, which is kind of him. 他经常在功课方面帮助我，真是感谢他。 12) which作关系限定词的情况

which作为关系限定词时，其本身代替前面所 陈述的内容。

She asked me to see the doctor, which advice I took at once. 她要我去看医生，我立即采纳了她的建议。

He is studying economics, which knowledge is very important today.

他正在攻读经济学，这门知识在今天是非常重要的。

He believes in students’ doing more homework, which idea I am quite opposed to. 他相信要让学生做更多的家庭作业，我非常反对这个观点。

which的这种用法常伴随介词而用。常见的词组形式有by which means, during which time, in which case, for which mistake, for which reason等等。

She may have mied the train, in which case (=if this happens) she won\'t arrive for another hour. 她也许没赶上火车，如果那样的话，她一小时是到不了的。

I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologize.我叫错了他的名字，为此我道歉。 He didn’t feel well that morning, for which reason he didn’t attend school.

4 那天早晨他感到不舒服，因此，他没去上学。

Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French. 汤姆在大学上了四年学，在这段时间里，他学会了法语。 13) as用法

关系代词as引导定语从句有两种形式。

（1）as引导一个非限制性定语从句修饰一个分句，as代表该分句所表达的整个概念或其中一部分的概念。as定语从句可置于句首、句中或句尾；as本身在从句中充当主语、宾语及表语。

（2）用于as „ as, the same „ as, so „ as, such „ as等结构中。 as用法的第一种情况：

As is known to all, the earth moves around the sun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳旋转。 He must be an African, as may be seen from the colour of his skin. 他准是个非洲人，这可以从他的肤色看得出来。

If he comes late, as is usual, for another time, we’ll not receive him.

如果他再一次像以往那样迟到，我们就不接待他了。

She is a fine singer, as her mother used to be.她是个很出色的歌唱家，像她的母亲当年一样。 As you will find out, all is now settled.你会发现，现在一切都解决了。 Helen is somewhat crazy, as everyone could see. 海伦有些神经错乱，这种情况每个人都看得出。

注意这一类的as表面上看好像和which代替全句时的用法相似，但as引导的定语从句的最大特点是它的意思多侧重于表达“（正）像„„、（正）如„„”及类似的意思。一般说来，当关系代词在从句中作be动词的主语或一般动词的宾语时，which和as可交替使用；当关系代词在从句中作一般动词（非be动词）的主语时，只能用which；as可置于句首、句中，而which则不能。例如：

He was late for school, as/which was usual with him.他上学迟到了，他经常这样。 He saw the girl, as/which he had hoped (he would). 他见到了那位姑娘姑娘，正像他希望的那样。

He saw the girl, which delighted him.他见到了那位姑娘，这使得他很开心。（句中的which不能用as代替，因为从句中的delighted是非be动词）

As has been said before, grammar is not a set of dead rules.正如上面所说的那样，语法不是一套死的规则。（句中的As不能用Which代替，因为此定语从句置于句首） as用法的第二种情况：

There’s as good fish in the sea as ever came out of it.海里有的是鱼；天涯处处有芳草。 Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.这是一块没人能搬动的大石头。

Her manner and attitude toward him were quite the same as they had always been. 她对他的举止和态度和往常是完全相同的。

He does not poe such a mind as is neceary to a scientist. 他缺乏科学家所必须具备的头脑。

Such food as they gave us was scarcely fit to eat.他们给我们的食物很不适合吃。 A man such as he will surely succeed.像他这样的人是肯定会成功的。

I haven’t much money but you can use such as I have.我钱不多，可你能用我所有的钱。 Such as you see is all we have.你所见到的就是我们所有的东西。 14) 介词+whom/which + to do的类定语从句结构的不定式用法

This is a useful tool with which to cut steel.这是可以用来切割钢材的工具。

5 Can you recommend someone from whom to learn how to use the software?

你能推荐一个可以向他讨教使用这一软件的人吗？

It’s not a room in which to live comfortably.这不是可以舒适居住的房间。

这一结构的介词位置固定，不可移到动词之后，如第一句中的with which to cut steel不可改成which to cut stell with。 15) 嵌入式定语从句

有一种定语从句，在其从句中的主语和谓语之间有一个插入语如I think。这一种定语从句叫做嵌入式定语从句。嵌入的分句的谓语动词常常是think, believe, gue, imagine, say, suppose, be sure, doubt等等。

She offered a suggestion which she said would interest you.

她提出一个她说一定会引起你兴趣的建议。

He wrote letters to every person and organization that he believed might be able to help. 他写信给每个人和每个组织，他相信可能有帮助。

That is the engineer who I think is the right man chosen for the job. 那位就是我认为适合被选派做这项工作的工程师。

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第17篇：定语从句

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定语从句

（重庆）24.John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members A themB.thatC.whichD.whom

（浙江）13.The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform A.itB.thatC.whatD.which

17 （北京）27.Many countries are now setting up national parks________ animals and plants can

be protected.

A.when B.which C.whoseD.where

________ visitors can watch the big glahouses being built.

A.whatB.whereC.whenD.why 3 （浙江）5.The children, ________ had played the whole day long, were worn out.

A.all of whatB.all of whichC.all of themD.all of whom 4 （新课标II） I wouldbe staying.A.whatB.whenC.whereD.which

5

（江苏）32.The president of the World Bank says he has a paion for China he remembers starting as early as his childhood.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.when

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（天津）6.We have launched another man-made is announced in today’s newspaper.

A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what

7 （四川）9.Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _______ they live.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.where

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（上海）38.An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area ________ interact with one another.

A.thatB.whereC.whoD.what

9 （陕西）16.__is often the case with the children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.

A.ItB.ThatC.WhatD.As 10 （山东）35.Finally he reached a lonely island ___ was completely cut off from the outside world.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whom11 （山东）31.There is no simple answer, _____ is often the case in science.A.asB.thatC.whenD.where12 （辽宁）34.He may win the competition, ____________he is likely to get into the national team.

A.in which case B.in that caseC.in what caseD.in whose case 13 （江西）33.He wrote a letter ______ he explains what had happened in the accident.

A.whatB.whichC.whereD.how

14

（湖南）21.Happine and succe often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.

A.whomB.whoC.whatD.which

15

（福建）27.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ____ lives were affected.

A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which

16

（安徽）29.Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.

18.【2012浙江卷】17.Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _____, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.

A.which B.who C.where D.whom

19.【2012浙江卷】9.We live in an age more information is available with greater ease than ever before.

A.why B.when C.to whom D.on which

20.【2012江苏卷】22.After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_______ urgently needed clean water,

medicine and shelter to survive.

A.whichB.whoC.whereD.what 21.【2012重庆卷】29.Sales director is a position ______ communication ability is just as important as sales

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where

22.【2012四川卷】13.In our cla there are 46 students, _____ half wear glaes.A.in whomB.in themC.of whomD.of them

23.【2012陕西卷】14.It is the third time that she has won the race, ______ has surprised us all.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what 24.【2012北京卷】26.When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.

A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when25.【2012全国II】8.That evening, _____ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when

1-5 DBDCB6-10BDAD C11-15 AACB A16-20 DDBBB21-25DCCBB

第18篇：定语从句

定语从句

1.对坚持不懈的人来说没有什么是不可能的。（those） Nothing is impoible for those who persevere.2.众所周知，吸烟有害健康。（As）

As we all know, smoking does harm to one’s health.3.桂林是一座具有两千年历史的城市。（history） Guilin is a city wihich/that has a history of two thousand year.4.你知道他辞职的原因吗？（quit） Do you know the reason why he quitted the job? 5.你们刚才在谈论的那个人已经到我们公司了。（talk） The person (who/whom) you were talking about has arrived at our company.6.这就是你能在上面找到答案的那一页。（page） This is the page where/in which you can find the answer.7.那位我们去年曾照看过的老太太去世了。（take care of） The old lady who/whom we had taken care of last year paed away.8.他们在原来是一个公园的地方建了一个商场。（shopping mall） They built a shopping mall in a place which/ that used to be a park.9.他给我们讲了许多我们从来没有听说过的有趣的人和事。（hear）

He told us many interesting people and things (that) I have ever seen.10.这部小说很感人，我读过三遍了。（touching） This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.11.这是我见过的最宏伟的建筑了。（ever）

This is the most magnificent building (that ) I have ever seen/ 12.我们欢迎任何对舞蹈感兴趣的人参加这次比赛。（welcome） We welcome anyone who is interested in dancing to enter the competition.13.他似乎没领会我的意思，这令我心烦。（grasp）

He seemed no to have grasped what I meant, which made me upset.14.我们再也不能回到那些年轻且无忧无虑的日子了。（days） We can never go back to those days when we were young and care-free.15.他把他所了解到的关于这个新技术的一切都写了下来。（learn）

He wrote down all/everything (that) he had learned about the new technology.16.大学毕业生经常感到很难一毕业就找到工作，他们大多数都没有任何工作经验。（find）

University graduates, most of whom don’t have any work experience, often find it hard to find a job upon graduation.17.医生告诉我他已经没有办法挽救这个病人了。（nothing） The doctor told me that there was nothing he could do to save this patient.18.鲁迅是中国最著名的作家之一，他曾学过医。（study） Lu Xun, who had studied medicine, was one of the most famous writers in China.19.这本珍贵的书在一个二手书店里被找到了，他的封面已经脱落了。（miing）

This precious book, whose cover/ the cover of which is miing, was found in a second-hand bookstore.20.他们在河上建了座木桥，用这个方法他妈呢就能到河对岸与那里的村名进行贸易了。（trade）

21.they built a wooden bridge acro the river, by which means they could go to the other side of the river and trade with the villagers there.

第19篇：非谓语动词在句中作定语比较分析

非谓语动词在句中作定语比较分析

在英语句子中，不定式to do，分词v+ing 和v+ed 以及动名词v+ing 是非谓语动词，除不能作谓语外，其他成份都可担当，其中一个成份就是作定语。

不定式to do在句中作定语置于被修饰名词后，常同该名词构成动宾关系，要是不定式是不及物动词，其后应加上必要的介词。例： I have something to say.(to say something ) I’ll give you a magazine to read. That is a good company to work for. He is a pleasant fellow to work with. Would you bring me a bench to sit on? 有些名词常接不定式作定语，如：chance, time, reason, way, effort, right (权利), movement等，例：

You haven’t any reason to leave me. You have no right to do such a thing. He succeeded in his effort to overcome his fatal weakne. He put himself out of the way to help others. We have no time to lose.. Thank you for giving me the chance to make the speech. The first, the last, the second, the best 等常与不定式连用作定语。例： He is always the first to come. She would be the last to agree to our plan. You are the second to ask me that question. I’ll do my poor best to fix it up.

当to go, to spare 作“剩下”讲时可作定语。例： He had five minutes to go before time was up. They had only 100 dollars to spare. 不定式用在某些句子中作定语相当于一个定语从句，表示动作即将发生。例： There are many difficulties to overcome. = There are many difficulties that will have to be overcome. He has a large family to support. = He has a large family that he must support.现在分词与过去分词作定语

现在分词和过去分词在句中都可以作定语，但在语态和时间概念上有区别，在语态上，现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动，在时间上，现在分词表示动作正在进行，而过去分词则表示动作完成。例：

boiling water (主动、进行) boiled water (被动、完成) 有时过去分词则表示被动，不表示完成的动作，有时则表示动作的完成，不表示被动的动作。例：

the fallen leaves (动作已完成) developed countries (动作已完成) an interested party (被动) 单个分词作定语置于被修饰词前。例： China is a developing country. He lit a fire and from it took a burning stick. America is a developed country. 有些单个分词（尤其是现在分词）作定语时也可以置于被修饰词之后，特别如一些不定代词 anything, something, everything, nothing 等则应后置。例：

the experience gained (获得的经验) for the time being (暂时) for years running ( 一连数年) She found the window open and something stolen. There is nothing doing. There is nothing interesting in today’s paper. They can see everything happening on the line. Is there anything interesting in the book? 分词短语置于被修饰词之后

The pen lying on the table belongs to you. The boy making faces is my son. I like songs performed by Mao Aming.其实作定语的分词短语可以扩展为定语从句。如上述三句可改为： The pen which is lying on the table belongs to you. The boy who is making faces is my son. I like songs which was performed by Mao Aming.现在分词作后置定语表示一个（现在或将来）正在进行的动作，或者表示某经常性动作或状态。例：

Can you see the star moving in the sky? There is a piano standing in the corner. 如果分词所表示的动作在时间上同谓语动词所表示的动作不一致，不能使用现在分词，而应使用定语从句。例：

I want to know the man breaking the window.是一个错句 Break 的动作是先发生

上例不能用现在分词，应改为定语从句。如：….who broke the window. Do you know anyone having lost money.(X) Do you know anyone who lost money.(V) 因此我们就知道在那种情况下定语从句可以用现在分词代替，即：定语从句动词所表示的时间同主句谓语动词的时间一致时。例： Did you see the man (who was) talking to the headmaster? The hospital which stands /standing acro the street was set up last year. (stands 表示一个经常性的状态) 过去分词在时间上，表示的动作发生在谓语动词之间，表示与句中谓语动词相应的经常性动作；或表示一个正在进行的动作，用being +过去分词结构。例： Is this the book written ( which was written) by Henry James? He was then a teacher respected ( who was respected ) by all his students. The matter being discued ( which is being discued ) is of great importance. He was invited to a meeting to be held ( which was to be held ) the next day.动名词作定语 动名词单个词作定语时也置于被修饰词前，表示被修饰词的用途、类属等。例 ； a writing table = a table for writing (动名词) a sleeping child = a child who is sleeping （现在分词） a swimming pool = a pool for swimming （动名词） a waiting room = a room for waiting （动名词） drinking water = water for drinking （动名词）

No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.（动名词） That is a shop dealing in walking stick.（动名词） The sleeping child was in a sound sleep.（现在分词）

All bedrooms in this hotel have hot cold running water.(现在分词) 从上述看，单个动名词和现在分词都可以作前置定语，但现在分词和被修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系，表示被修饰名词自身发生的动作或行为，而动名词和被修饰的名词不表示这种关系，只表示与被修饰名词的用途、类属等。

动名词作介词宾语构成的介词短语可定语。例：

He is in the habit of rising early.( of rising 修饰名词habit ) She has a good idea of playing snowball.( of playing 修饰名词idea ) 有些名词有时也可接不定式和其接“介词＋动名词”在意义上没有区别。例： That is the way of setting the problem. That is the way to settle the problem.这类名词常用的有：

time for doing sth.Reason of doing sth. Time to do sth.Reason to do sth. Freedom in doing sth.Chance of doing sth. Freedom to do sth.Chance to do sth. Failure in doing sth.Patience in doing sth Failure to do sth.Patience to do sth. Choice of doing sth.Opportunity of doing sth. Choice to do sth.Opportunity to do sth. 但有些名词和purpose, method, idea, habit 等后面只能接of + 动名词，不接不定式，有些名词如promise, effort, desire, attempt, ability, refusal, determination, failure 不接of + 动名词，但可以接不定式。例：

It is surprising that they should choose this method of paing the evening. (不用……method to pa) The old man is in the habit of reading the newspaper at breakfast.(不用……habit to do )

I don’t trust his promise to come for a visit.（不用……promise of coming ） She had persisted in her refusal to spend Christmas in Brusly.（不用……refusal of spending）

But his efforts to get her back were vain.(不用……efforts of getting) [示例]

考题1 --- What do you think of the middle school? --- It is a very good __________. A.school to study B.School to study in C.Studying school D.school for children to study 解析 从本题的答案看并结合提干的要求接上一个名词school，后在这个名词后面使用不定式作该名词的定语，从答案中看给的不定式 to study，在此是作不及物动词，因此不定式的后面应加上一个介词in才合乎题意，所以选Ｂ。

考题２ Snow was falling when they went along a mountain path __________ to the front. A.to lead B.Led C.Leading D.being led 解析 据题意提干前有一个名词path，其后是介词组to the front ，即要求一个现在分词和to the front连成现在分词短语修饰名词path作定语，path名词虽表示物不能使用过去分词，是小路本身延伸到前线的，所以选Ｃ。

考题３ They set up an __________ table in a small temple to operate on the __________ soldiers. A.operating; wounded B.operated; wounding C.operated; wounded D.operating; wounding 解析 据题意在第一个提干里应使用动名词作tale的名词的定语，修饰table，说明战士是被枪击伤的即受伤的士兵，表被动完成的动作，所以选Ａ。 ［训练］

1.The cadre told me that he had a meeting __________. A.to attend B.Attend C.Attending D.to be attended 2.He asked for a piece of paper __________ and a pen __________. A.to write; to write B.To write; to write on C.To write on; to write with D.writing; writing 3.Are you going to the dinner party __________ at the hotel. A.to give B.To be given C.Giving D.to giving 4.The man drinking __________ water was scalded (烫伤) by __________ water yesterday. A.boiled; boiled B.Boiling; boiling C.Boiled; boiling D.boiling; boiled 5.Holding a __________ stick he went into the dark cave. A.burn B.Burnt C.To burn D.burning

第20篇：德语分词的Partizip_I_und_II_als_Attribut

Partizip I und II als Attribut

(一) 第一分词

（1） 构成：动词不定式 + d （2） 意义：表示正在进行的动作，具有主动的意义，如： In die kochende Brühe gibt man das Fleisch.(die kochende Brühe=die Brühe, die kocht)

Der im Seel sitzende Mann liest ein Buch.(der im Seel sitzende Mann = der Mann, der im Seel sitzt)

Der Gastgeber, der die Gäste begrüßt, ist Chef einer großen Firma.Der Mann, der am Etisch saß und eine Zeitung las, ließ sich von seiner Frau bedienen.

（3） 用法：

1） 与被限定名词保持性、数、格的一致，如： Im kommenden Jahr wird hoffentlich alles beer.Trotz der steigenden Arbeitslosigkeit ist die Gesamtproduktion gestiegen.Immer mehr vollautomatisch funktionierende Geräte werden auf den Markt geworfen.

2）反身动词的第一分词作定语时保留sich， 如：

Es wurde sofort in ein sich in der Nähe befindendes Krankenhaus eingeliefert.

（二）第二分词

意义及用法：

（1）由及物动词构成的第二分词具有被动的意义，表示动作已经完成；其词尾变化如形容词的一样须与被限定的名词保持性、数、格的一致，如： Das ist ein sehr gefragtes Produkt.Die gewünschte Temperatur kann mit dem Regler eingestellt werden.

Die Grammatiik, die heute im Unterricht vom Lehrer eingeführt worden ist,müen die Studenten intensiv üben.Das Wohnzimmer, das schon von der Mutter aufgeräumt worden ist, ist wieder von den Kindern durcheinander gebracht worden.

（2）部分不及物动词也可构成第二分词，同时该第二分词具有主动的意义，表示动作已经完成，如：

Jetzt sind studierte Chemiker sehr gefragt.Die eingetroffenen Postsendungen werden zuerst sortiert.

Die Kinder, die vor einer halben Stunde eingeschlafen waren, wurden geweckt.

（三）其他规则

（1）分词直接置于被限定名词之前，分词前还有其他成分时，该成分按通常语序排列，如：

Die in große Würfel geschnittenen Kartoffeln werden zuerst gebraten.

（2）有些分词已转化为形容词；有的已名词化，但仍按形容词变化，如： ausgezeichnet – Der Artikel ist ausgezeichnet.spannend

– Der Film ist sehr spannend.gespannt

- Ich bin schon gespannt.geschloen

Einem 100 Jahre alt gewordenen Chinesen sind jetzt wieder Zähne gewachsen.1.Meng Longxiang, der am 12.Dezember 1889 in de Provinz Guizhou geboren wurde, kann sich übe 11 neue Zähne im Ober- und 16 im Unterkiefer freuen.2.Meng a Zeit seines Lebens nur Nahrungsmittel, die von ihm selbst angebaut wurden, wie z.B.Reis, Paprikaschoten und Bohnen.3.Herr Meng, der nie verheiratet war, vermied Ärger und Stre, rauchte und trank nicht.4.Mit den Zähnen, die neu gewachsen sind, kann er sogar Erdnüe knacken.5.Diese Zeitungsmeldung aus Peking basiert auf Angabe, die offiziell bestätigt wurden.

Übung 3

Plötzlicher Reichtum

Ein älterer Mann, der gerade aus dem Gefängnis entlaen worden war, gewann am letzten Wochenende 1,5 Mio.Euro im Lotto.Daraufhin warf er im wahrsten Sinn des Wortes das Geld mit beiden Händen zum Fenster hinaus auf Paanten, die unten vorbeigingen.Die Paanten, die total überrascht waren, staunten über die Geldscheine, die in der Luft herumflogen.Die Polizei, die sie alarmierten, konnte gerade noch verhindern, da der 58-jährige noch zusätzlich 45.000 DM aus einer Schublade, die offen stand, ins Freie warf.Der ältere Mann, der vor Aufregung über seinen plötzlichen Reichtum verrückt geworden war, wurde in eine Klinik gebracht, die sich in der Nähe befindet.Das Geld, das auf der Straße herumlag, konnte wieder eingesammelt werden.

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