一、定语从句的概念
定语从句的用法和精练
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
定语从句在句子中的功能类似于一个形容词用于修饰名词或代词，由于它是以句子为单位的超大号形容词（较长），所以 一般放在被修饰的名词或代词的后面，而被修饰的名词或代词放在定语从句前，叫做先行词。
二、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
常见的关系代词包括：that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,在从句中做主、宾、表、定语等成分。 常见的关系副词包括：where, when, why等。在从句中做时间、地点、原因等状语。 关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法
1.that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如: Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)
2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)
3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如:
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)
注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that, which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:
This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。
This is the house that we lived in last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。（这里不能用 in that）
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
Please tell me who you borrowed the English novel from.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。 (2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:
This is the person whom you are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人。
(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:
The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。
(4)关系词只能用that的情况:
a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
He was the first person that paed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。
b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d.先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:
c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:
Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:
a.先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如:
What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。
c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.例如:
Tom came back, which made us happy.汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
五、关系副词的用法
(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:
This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:
This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
(3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
一、用关系代词（that、which、who、whom、whose）或关系副词（when、where、why）填空。 1．This is the man _______________ wants to see you.2．The student __________________ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3．The man _________________ you went to see has come.4．The man __________________I met yesterday lent me some money.5．The woman ______________________ you saw is our geography teacher. 6．Here is the pen ________________ you lost the day before yesterday.7．These books ____________________ you lent me were very useful.8．A clock is a machine __________________ tells people the time.9．This is the shirt ______________________I bought yesterday.10．The book ___________________ is on the table is mine.11．The film ___________________ they are talking about is very interesting.12．I will never forget the people and the places ____________ I have ever visited.13．Is there anyone ___________________ family is in Beijing?
14．Show me the boy ______________ mother is a well-known singer.15．The boy_____________ father is a teacher is good at English.16.I dont know the reason __________________ he was late for the cla.17．A birthday is the date ____________ one was born.
18．Do you know the reason ________ no one questioned Aristotle\'s theory for about 2,000 years? 19．Do you still remember the days ___________________we spent together last term? 20．Shanghai is the city ______________ I was born.21．The house _____________ I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.22．I still remember the day ______________I first came to the school. 23．The time ______________we got together finally came.24．Please tell me the reason ______________ you mied the plane. 25.I don’t know the reason_______________ he looks unhappy today.26．Everything _____________ I know will be taught to the students.27．This is the best film _____________ I have ever seen.28．The manager walked toward the gate ____________ the workers are waiting.29.You can’t go into this room ____________ they are having a meeting. 30．I still remember the days _____________ we studied together.31．The picture ____________ has a house and flowers is the one I like best.32．He failed in the exam, _____________ surprised us all .33.Her parents wouldn’t let her marry anyone ____________ family was poor.34．Tom, ____________ parents are poor workers, always goes hungry.
二、单项选择。
( )1.This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.A.that B.who C.whom D.this ( )2.The man _____ lives next to us is my English teacher. A.whom B.which C.who D./ ( )3.The girl _____ you saw in the street is Mary. A.that B.whose C.which D.as ( )4.Is this the factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday? A.the one B.which C.who D.whom ( ) 5.Is this factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday? A.the one B.that C.which D./ ( ) 6.The only language _____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue. A.which B.that C./ D.it ( )7.The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the street to the police. A.which B.in which C.that D.all ( )8._____ cleans the blackboard should be praised.
A.That B.Who C.The one who D.The students who ( )9.Please show me the book _____ you bought yesterday.A.which B.whom C.whose D.this
( )10.This is the best book _____ I have been looking for all this year.A.who B.whom C.which D./ ( )11.This is the only article of these that _____ written by him.A.was B.were C.is D.are ( )12.The man _____ was here just now is a doctor. A.whom B.who C./ D.he ( )13.The boy _____ has two lovely dogs.A.who live next door B.which lives next door C.whom lives next door D.that lives next door ( )14.Those _____ made no mistakes in today’s exercises please raise your hands.A.which B.whom C.that D.who ( )15.Don’t go in, this is the shop _____ we have just been _____.A./, to B.that, / C.where, to D.which, there ( )16.He is the most careful boy _____ I know.A.what B.which C.as D../ ( )17.This is the school _____ Mr.Smith once taught. A.in that B.when C.where D.there
( )18.Have you visited the house _____ the famous scientist was born? A.where B.in that C.that D.which ( )19.The factory _____ Mr.Li used to work was closed last week.A.when B.where C.that D.which ( )20.Do you still remember the day _____ we first met? A.that B.when C.what D.on that ( )21.The time _____ we studied together is not easily forgotten.A.that B.when C.where D.in which ( )22.October 1,1949 is the day _____ we’ll never forget. A.when B.that C.where D.in which ( )23.October 1,1949 was the day _____ the People’s Republic of China was founded. A.which B.when C.where D.in which ( )24.Is this the shop _____ sells children’s clothing? A.which B.where C.in which D.what ( )25.Is this museum _____ they visited last month? A.that B.which C.where D.the one ( )26.I still remember the sitting-room _____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening. A.what B.which C.that D.where
三、句型转换
1．The film is interesting.They saw it last night.
_______________________________________________________________________ 2．The students will not pa the exam.They don’t work hard. _______________________________________________________________________ 3．The lady is our teacher.You saw her just now. _______________________________________________________________________ 4．I was reading a book.The book is about a boy. _______________________________________________________________________ 5．He is the young writer．He wrote the book．
_______________________________________________________________________ 6．I like Chinese tea with nothing in it.I like Chinese tea _______________ ______________nothing in it． 7．The girl who is wearing the red coat is very clever． The girl ______________ the red coat is very clever．
8．The strange thing with three legs was used for drinking long before．
The strange thing _______ ________ three legs was used for drinking long before．
参考答案 答案：
1.that 2.that 3.where 4.where 5.when 6.which/ that 8.which 9.that 10.whose 11.whose 一． 单项选择 定语从句1~5 A C A B A 6~10 B C C A D 11~15 C B D D A 16~20 D C A B B 21~26 B B B A D D 二． 在下列定语从句中，用适当的介词填空。
1.with 2.through 3.from 4.by 5.of 6.under 7.without 8.to 9.in 10.at 11.on 12.on 13.of 14.against 15.of
I.单项填空。
1.-Do you know the man ______is talking with your father?
-Yes, he’s our headmaster.
A.he B.who C.which D.whom
2.Is this the river _____I can swim?
A.which B.in which C.that D.the one
3.This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.
A.where B.which C.that D.it
4.Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day?
A.that you bought B.you bought it
C.that you bought it D.which you bought it
5.Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.
A.which agrees B.who agree
C.who agrees D.which agree
6.My watch is not the only thing ______ is miing.
A.that B.it C.which who
7.The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate
A.who’s B.whose C.that of which.
8.The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.
A.which; is B.whom; was C.who; is D.who; was
9.I love places ______the people are really friendly.
A.that B.which C.where D.who
10.The world ______ is made up of matter.
A.in that we live B.on which we live
C.where we live in D.we live in
Ⅱ.用适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom填空。
1.The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.
2.April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in the west.
3.The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.
4.The house _____we live in is very old.
5.Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now?
答案：CBCAC
ABCCB
That ,which ,which ,who ,whom .
