五、引申讨论
前述分析可为企业实施接力创新提供一般性的指导。但另一个问题随之产生，既然接力创新是生物等新兴产业的基本创新模式，为什么成功实施接力创新的中国企业却不多见？进一步讲，就是接力创新是否还受到其他深层次、却相对隐性的因素的影响，尤其是在中国情境下，企业运用接力创新有没有特殊的技巧和策略可供采纳？如果前述分析更接近“显性知识”的话，这些问题则更接近“隐性知识”。就华大的经验而言，企业技术选择惯例、学术型企业家的特质、社会资本等因素发挥着重要作用。
（一）技术选择惯例
惯例是组织的重要特征和企业完成任务的主要手段（Feldman & Brian，2003）[ ]。Nelson & Winter（1982）[ ]将惯例比作企业的基因，决定着组织可能的行为（尽管实际行为同时也受环境的决定），该观点虽然存在局限性，但直观的体现出惯例的特性，本文采用这一观点。惯例嵌入到多种组织现象之中，涵盖了组织结构、规则、过程、传统、战略、技术及文化等诸多方面（Levitt & March，1998）。华大在历史发展过程中逐步形成了自己的技术选择惯例，按照这些惯例取得了一个又一个成功，也指导其坚定地走向与CG的接力创新。
华大在1999年借助承担人类基因组计划中国部分的任务开始其创业历程，而人类基因组计划的核心是基因测序，这成为华大技术选择的起点。此后，华大几乎所有的研究项目都是围绕各类基因组测序展开（或以基因组测序为基础），通过完成一系列具有重大影响力的基因组测序研究而树立起在全球的地位（如图2所示）。由于华大不断在重要的基因组测序计划中取得成功，积累的知识和经验越来越多，在基因组测序方面的能力不断得到强化，加之在国际顶级期刊上发表了数量众多的论文，国际影响力不断攀升。这又帮助华大持续获得中国各级政府的科研经费支持以及各类科研和医疗机构、制药公司等的委托研究资金，使其可以不断更新基因测序仪等硬件设备的规模和水平，并坚持开发自主知识产权的分析软件 。软硬件水平提升与基因组测序能力提升之间形成了互相促进的态势，使华大在基因组测序领域几乎“无往不利”，促使其形成了专注于基因组测序研究的技术选择惯例。在向商业领域的大规模扩展中，华大的技术选择也顺理成章的集中于以基因组测序为基础的业务 。
客观而言，华大在基因组测序方面的技术选择惯例固然使其形成了强大的竞争力，但也面临一定的威胁，因为华大至始至终都不拥有基因测序仪的技术能力。支撑公司核心技术的上游关键能力被其他竞争对手所掌控，而企业技术选择惯例又驱动公司将发展战略集中于全基因组测序，这种尖锐的矛盾迫使华大必须突破基因测序仪的能力障碍，在自主研发未果、合作研发无望的情况下，只能选择接力创新。
启示6：企业惯例会影响企业的技术选择，当企业逐步形成专注于特定领域的技术选择惯例并建立起相应的核心能力时，也会将发展战略聚焦于该领域，这时如果在创新链的上游或下游面临关键能力的缺失，企业采取接力创新的动机将更加强烈。
Fifth, the extended discuion
Generality of the foregoing analysis may provide guidance for enterprises to the Relay innovation.But another problem arises, since the relay innovation is the fundamental innovation model of emerging industries such as biological, Why do succeful relay innovation of Chinese enterprises is rare.Furthermore, whether it is also influenced by other deep, relatively receive factors, especially in the China situation,Special skills and strategies have been adopted in enterprises?If the foregoing analysis is more close to \"explicit knowledge\", these iues are more close to the \"tacit knowledge\" .In terms of experience on Huada, enterprise technology selection practice, academic entrepreneur\'s qualities, social capital and other factors play an important role.(a) technology selection practices
Practice is an important feature of the organization and the primary means of enterprises to complete the task.(Feldman & Brian，2003)[ ].Nelson & Winter（1982）[ ]The practice has often been compared to enterprise gene,which determines the behavior of organizations (Although the actual behavior is also affected by the decision of the environment)This opinion has limitations, but intuitive reflects the the characteristics of practice,this paper adopts the idea.Practice embedded into a variety of organizational phenomena, covering organizational structure, rules, procedures, traditions, strategy, technology,culture and many other aspects（Levitt & March，1998)Huada, in the proce of historical development gradually formed its own technology selection practice, according to the practice has made one succe after another, and also guides its firmly towards to the relay.innovation of CG.
Huada with the help of undertaking the task of part of China\'s human genome its entrepreneurial journey,the core of the human genome project is gene sequencing,which became the starting point of technology selection.Since then, almost all of the Huada research projects are launched around the various types of genome sequencing(or on the basis of the genome sequencing),which has set up a status by completing a series of genome sequencing studies have significant influence in the global(as shown in figure 2)Because of huada continuously succeed in Magnificent important genome sequencing project, the more and more accumulation of knowledge and experience,coupled with the large number of papers published in top international journals, international influence is rising.It also helps huada sustainable acce to scientific research funds supported by the Chinese Government at all levels,all kinds of scientific research , medical institutions, and pharmaceutical companies commiioned research funding so that it can constantly update scale and level of gene sequencing machines and other hardware devices,adhere to the development analysis software with independent intellectual property rights.The improvement of hardware and software levels and genome sequencing ability Formed a mutual promotive situation,making huada in the field of genome sequencing almost\"be benefited in every way\",Prompting to focus on the study of genome sequencing technology selection practices.Huada technology choices are naturally focused on genome sequencing-based busine in the maive expansion of commercial areas.
Objectively speaking,huada in genome sequencing technology selection practices course to forming a strong competitive edge,while it facing certain threats without the technical capacity of gene sequencing instrument from beginning to end.Upstream key capable of supporting the company\'s core technology dominated by other competitors,and enterprise technology selection practices drive the company focus development strategy on whole genome sequencing,the sharp contradiction forcing huada must break through gene sequencing instrument disabilities.in the case
of unsucceful independent research, cooperative R & D hopele, can only choose the relay innovation.
Revelation 6:enterprise practices will affect the choice of enterprise technology,when enterprises gradually formed to focus on specific areas of technology selection practices and establish appropriate core competencies,development strategies will also be focused on the field,at this time if faced with miing key capabilities in upstream or downstream innovation chain,companies will adopt more intense motivation about relay innovation .
