【第一类:图画类】
先把图画研究透，然后着手开始写作。
第一段: 对图画进行描述。〔万能开头句+图画描述句+过渡句+主题句〕
第二段: 阐述图画深层含义。〔常用因果论证法/例证法/下定义法〕
模板:
万能开头:
1.The picture shows that......,
2.From this picture,we can see......
3.As is shown in the picture......
4.As is seen in the picture......
衔接句:
1.As we all know,......
2.As is known to all,......
3.It\'s well known that....
4.In my opinion,....
5.As far as I am concerned,......
6.This sight reminds me of something in my daily life.
结尾句:
1.In conclusion,.....
2.In brief,....
3.On the whole,.....
4.In a word,.....
5.Generally speaking,.....
6.As has been stated......【第二类：图表类】
图表类细分为表格、曲线、柱形图、圆形图。
表格类主要考察对所给出的大量数字数字进行比较。
曲线图主要考察对坐标所显示的数据信息进行分析（主意横纵坐标的单位） 柱形图通过观察柱形高度的差别来判断事物的发展趋势。
圆形图通过观察一个被分成不同切片的圆形来理解所传送的信息。
常用模板：
1 The graph/chart/table above shows that......
2 From the above graph/chart/table,it can be seen that......
3 As is shown in the graph/chart/table that....
4 It has been shown from the above graph/chart/table that.....
表原因的句型：
1 The reason why.....is that....
2 One may think of the change as a result of.....
3 This brings out the important fact that....
4 There are several causes for this significant growth
表结论的句型：
1 There is no doubt that attention must be paid to.....
2 Obviously/Apparently,if we want to....,it is neceary...
3 From what has been discued above,we can drew the conclusion that....【第三类：书信类】
★ 书信类作文中称呼、落款必须顶格写。
★ 结束语要用表示礼节的套语。可用Yours sincerely....,Yours truly....,Yours respectfully....Yours faithfully....
★{ 特别提示}书信类应用文不需要写日期。
★ 常用各类称呼：
Mr.男性 Ms.女性 Dr./Prof.学术界教授 Pres.董事长 总经理 大学校长 会长 Hon.市长 议员 法官
★常用句型：
A 表示感谢
(1) My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond words.
(2) Words fail me when I want to expre my sincere gratitude to you.
(3) I take this opportunity to show my heartfelt appreciation for thekind aistance you rendered me.
B 期待回信
(1) I am looking forward to your reply/hearing from you soon
(2) I look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.
(3) Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.
C 客套语
一.问候
I haven’t seen you for such a long time.How are you getting along withyour work二.祝贺 I want to congratulate you with all my heart.I warmly congratulate you on what you’ve achieved.
三.致谢
I am most grateful to you for your help.I want to thank you heartily for what you have done.
四.询问
I wonder if you could tell me what to do.I’d be most grateful if I could have your full support.Please could you let me know something about it.
五.邀请
Is there any chance of your coming to have dinner with us at our home?We are wondering if you could come to have dinner with us at our home.
六.接受邀请
I’m delighted to accept your invitation.Thanks for your invitation.I’m certainly looking forward to joiningyou.I haven’t heard from you for ages.How are you doing?
七.拒绝邀请
I’m sincerely sorry that we can’t join your dinner party.I regret to say “no” to your invitation.Thank you for your invitation but unfortunately…
八.抱歉
I do apologize for having kept you waiting.I’m awfully sorry for giving you so much trouble.
九.同情
I’m more than sorry to hear of your illne.I can’t tell you how sad I felt when I heard of…
十.安慰
It was a great shock to hear…I just can’t tell you how saddened I am…
【第四类：口头通知类】
①口头通知一般是由一方向另一方口头传达的通知，叙述表达尽可能口语化，简洁明了，说清意思就行。
②口头通知不用写通知时间和发通知的单位。
③口头通知一开头可有称呼语，具体因通知对象
而异。常用的称呼语有“Comrades and friends”、“Boys and girls”、“Teachers and fellow students”、“Ladies and gentlemen”，也有的不用开头语，直接开始。
④口头通知的一些常用的开头语和结束语
★开头语结束语
1 May I have your attention please?I have an announcement to make.
2 Attention,please? I have something important to tell you.
★结束语
Any questions?
Does everyone understand?
That\'sall.Thankyou.
★正文可用句型
There will be a party/speech/meeting held by...where...when...
Everyone should take.....
Please get there before......
Please wait at...
★★★精选范文，可参考
①Please be quiet, everyone.There\'s something you need to know.As our teacher is ill,we\'re to have reading cla together with the students of Cla Three today.Please take your benches with you to their claroom.The oral cla will be put off until tomorrow.That\'s all.Thank you.
②Attention please, comrades.There is going to be a talk on American Family in the Lecture Hall this afternoon.It\'ll be given by an American profeor _____ Mr.Smith.Those who want to attend please be there at 2∶30 Anyquestion? If no, that\'sall.Thankyou.
③Listen, please, I have something important to tell you.We\'re going to hold a get-together with some foreign students at 7∶00 p.m.on Friday in the Foreign Student\'s Dining Hall.Any one who wants to take part in it, please be there on time.Thank you.
④Ladies and gentlemen, Listen, please.This afternoon we\'re going to visit the Great Wall,the bus will stop at the foot of the Great Wall.Three hours later, we\'ll get together here and back to the hotel.When you go to visit the Great Wall, please take your valuable things with you.And remember to come back to the bus at five o\'clock.Do be there on time.
【第五类：议论文】
★★★常用模板和框架
(1) 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）
There is a widespread concern over the iue that __作文题目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think
that _ 观点一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.
（2）利弊型的议论文
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the iue that)___作文题目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___优点一______.And secondly ___优点二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, \"every coin has two sides\", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺点一______.In addition, ____缺点二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.
( 3 ) 答题性议论文Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the iue that)__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途径一______.In addition, another way contributing to succe of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.
( 4 ) 谚语警句性议论文
It is well know to us that the proverb: \" ___谚语_______\" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____谚语的含义_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.( also theoretically )A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importanceto practice the proverb ____谚语_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying,
★★★英语作文常用的连接词
1． 并列关系
and, furthermore, more than that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, for instance, for example
2． 转折关系
although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, neverthele, yet, otherwise, despite
3． 顺序关系
first, second, third, and so on, then, after, before, next
4． 因果关系
as a result, for, thus, because, for this reason, so, therefore, as, since, consequently, on account of
5． 归纳关系
as a result, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short, thus, consequently, in conclusion, so, in brief, in a word
★★★英语文章及结尾常用过渡词
一.文章及段落起始过渡词语
1.To begin with
2.Generally speaking
3.First of all
4.In the first place
二.文章及结尾常用的过渡词语
1.Therefore
2.Thus
3.This way
4.In conclusion
5.To sum up
6.In a word
7.In brief
8.As a matter of fact
三.常见的表示先后顺序的过渡词语
1.First,… Second, … Next, … Finally, …
2.Afterwards, …
3.Meanwhile, …
4.Then, …
5.Firstly,… Secondly, … Eventually, …
6.At last
7.Immediately
8.suddenly
9.soon
四.常见的对称关系的过渡词语
1.For one thing, … for another thing, …
2.On one hand, … on the other hand, …
五.常见的表示因果关系的过渡词语
1.For this reason
2.As a result
3.because of
4.Due to
5.Thanks to
6.Thus
7.In this way
8.Accordingly
9.Therefore
★★★逻辑词
a.表示开场to begin with , in the first place , in general , generally speaking b.表示总结to summarize , to sum up , to conclude , in conclusion , finally c.表示举例a case in point , a good illustration / example of … is …,
d.表示原因because , since , for , the cause of , the reason for , now thate.表示结果as a result , as a consequence , consequently
f.表示比较both , like , likewise , similarly , in common , in the same way
g.表示对照on the contrary , on the other hand , despite , in spite of , howeverh.表示列举first , firstly , in the first place , first of all , to begin with
i.表示强调especially , particularly , certainly , surely , chiefly , actuallyj.表示让步even though , although , in spite of , however , but , yet,title
