独立主格
I.独立主格结构的基本概念、特点及构成形式:
由一个名词或代词作为逻辑主语,加上一个动词不定式、分词、形容词、副词、或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成,这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系,通常被称为独立主格结构。
独立主格结构的特点:
1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
2)名词或代词与后面的不定式,分词,形容词,副词,介词等是主谓关系。
3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
4)独立结构的位置比较灵活,可置于句首、句中或句尾。
构成形式有:
1)名词(代词)+不定式:
The two boys said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to his friend’s.两个男孩彼此道了别,一个回了家,另一个去了他朋友家。
2)名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词:
Winter coming, it gets colder and colder.冬天来了,天气越来越冷了。
The experiment done, we went home.实验做完了,我们回家了。
3)名词(代词)+形容词:
The clothes very dirty, you\'d better wash them quickly.衣服很脏,你快点儿洗洗吧!
4)名词(代词)+副词:
The lights off, we could not go on with the work.灯熄了,我们不能继续工作了。
5)名词(代词)+名词:
He received many gifts, many of them books.他收到了很多礼物, 其中很多是书籍。
6)名词(代词) +介词短语:
He came in, book in hand / a book in his hand.他进来了,手里拿着本书。
II.独立主格结构功能:
独立主格结构主要起状语作用,相当于一个状语从句,多用来表示行为、方式、伴随等情况,有时也可用来表示时间、原因、条件等情况。
1) 表示时间
Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea.= After/ When her work was done, she sat
down for a cup of tea.她干完活后,坐下来喝茶。
2) 表示条件
Time/ Weather permitting, we\'ll have a holiday at weekends.如果时间/天气允许,我们周
= If time / weather permits末就去度假。
3) 表示原因
There being no taxis, we had to walk.= Because there was no taxi, we had to walk.
没有出租车,我们只好步行。
4) 表示伴随情况
Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all.
=Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.
几乎所有的金属都是良导体,而银则是最好的导体。
注: 独立主格结构中的being done 表示“正在被”时,being不可省; 当独立主格结构的逻
辑主语是it、there时,being常不省略。如:
Food being cooked, I fell asleep.
It being fine, we went hiking.There being no time left, we had to speed up.