英汉互译
礼仪祝词
Ceremonial Speech
一、词汇、句型口译
1、词汇口译
载人航天飞行
manned space flight
攀登世界科技高峰
to scale the heights in science and technology
和平探索和利用太空
to peacefully explore and utilize the space
联合国宪章
the UN Charter
壮举
feat
纪元
era
contradiction
矛盾
status
地位
head of state
国家元首
一个有着重要历史意义的日子
a day of historic significance
Historic 和 historical区别
a historic occasion 有着重要历史意义的场合
a historical event; historical background; 历史事件/历史背景
2、句型口译
是……的日子
It is a day …when
标志着/表明/显示了
It demonstrates/represents/shows/reflects/indicates
进入新纪元/时代
usher in a new era of; enter into a new stage of
令世界瞩目 The world has witneed …; 或 … have attracted the attention of the world
二、口译技巧
1．英汉语序调整
※ 英语状语可前可后，汉语状语一般前置。
China’s first manned space flight succefully circled the earth 14 times during its 21-hour trip. 中国首次载人航天飞机在21小时的飞行中成功地绕地球14圈。
香港在国家走向盛事的背景下回归到祖国的怀抱，实行“一国两制”，是我们向港人的幸运。 We are lucky to have returned to the motherland under “One Country, Two Systems” at the time of her rise to power.
※ 汉语的主语如果前面的修饰语较长或者主语本身由短语或长句构成，译成英语一般把主语提前，前置定语转换为英语的定语从句；或者采用形式主语it的方式。
中国首次载人航天飞行取得圆满成功的日子是一个有着重要历史意义的日子。（强调句型） Itwas a day of historic significance when China completely succeeded in its first manned space flight.工业化国家(发达国家)和发展中国家之间科学和信息技术分配不均衡的问题也值得关注。 The uneven distribution of science and information between the industrialized and developing countries also raises concern.（2004年11月真题）
振兴经济、改善民生、改善施政、依照基本法推动香港民主向前发展，是市民对本届政府的诉求，也是本届政府义不容辞的责任。
Itis the expectation of people in HK and unshirkable duty of SAR government to revitalize the economy, improve people’s livelihood, improve standards of governance and promote democratic advancement according to Basic Law.反之，英语中带有很长修饰成分的主语或宾语在译成汉语时，需要将修饰成分提前。 On behalf of all my colleaguesin every part of the UN, in every corner of the globe, who have devoted their lives – and in many instances risked or given their lives in the cause of peace – I thank the Members of the Nobel Committee for this high honor.
我谨代表在联合国各个部门、在全球每个角落全心全意地工作、在很多情况下为和平事业冒着生命危险生殖奉献出生命的所有的同事，感谢诺贝尔和平委员会成员给予我们这一从高荣誉。
2．意译（在理解的基础上灵活翻译，不能逐字逐句死译）。
新一届领导人在今年年初顺利产生。
We rejoiced early this year as our new state leaders were inaugurated.
Inaugurate （多用被动语态）举行就职典礼、落成仪式
Barak Obama will be inaugurated as the President of the U.S.in January 2009.The new theatre was inaugurated by the mayor.
3．省略法
在一个近十三亿人口的国家，能够使人民的生活达到小康水品，是中华民族发展历史上的一个新的里程碑。
Building a well-off society for about 1.3 billion people is an impreive landmark in the history of the Chinese nation. 其他的例子还有： 提供有益的经验
新一届领导人在今年年初顺利产生。 一条正确、成功地路线
4．长句拆分法 + 增词法
我们伟大的祖国，坚定不移地沿着一条正确、成功地路线，// 以更加积极的姿态，更大的规模和更高的水平持续发展，// 用中国人的勤劳，勇敢和智慧，为十三亿人的福祉，为人类文明的进步，书写更加辉煌的篇章。
这是一个段落句，可拆分为两个或三个英文句子。
Our great motherland is marching unswervingly/steadfastly on the path to succe.// Future development will be even more ambitious in approach, more maive in scale and more exacting in its standards.// With the aiduity, courage and wisdom of the Chinese people, we are about to write a new and even more brilliant chapter in the lives of our 1.3 billion countrymen and the advancement of human civilization.// （拆分成三句）
由于长句被拆分，需要第三个句子中添加主语“我们”。
Our great motherland is marching unswervingly/steadfastly on the path to succe with greater ambition to develop economy in a more maive scale and at a higher level.// With the aiduity, courage and wisdom of the Chinese people, we are about to write a new and even more brilliant chapter in the lives of our 1.3 billion countrymen and the advancement of human civilization.//
（拆分成两句）
5．归纳法
Securing real and lasting improvement in the lives of individual men and women is the measure of all we do at the United Nations.
寻求切实并持久地改善个人的生活是我们在联合国所做的一切工作的衡量标准。
6．被动语态转化为主动语态（英语介词by引导的短语译成汉语的原因状语从句）
My own path to service at the U.N.was made poible bythe sacrifice and commitment of my family and many friends from all continents.
我走上服务于联合国的道路，是因为有我的家人和各大洲许多朋友做出的牺牲和奉献。
7．词性转换 动词转化成名词
这表明中国愿意与联合国和世界各国在和平利用外空方面进行合作，同时也表明中国支持联合国宪章宗旨和原则的决心。
This indicates China’s willingne to cooperate with the UN and countries around the world in peaceful use of the outer space and China’s determination to support goals and principles of the UN Charter.
动词转化成介词
香港在国家走向盛事的背景下回归到祖国的怀抱，实行“一国两制”，是我们向港人的幸运。 We are lucky to have returned to the motherland under“One Country, Two Systems” at the time of her rise to power.名词转化为形容词
Sadly, a prize for peace is a rarity in this world.遗憾的是，和平奖世间少有。
8．合并短句
全国社会稳定，政治稳定，处处呈现出生机勃勃的景象。(因果关系) Social and political stability throughout the country makes for a vibrant outlook.
make for 导致、造成、促成
The large print makes for easier reading.大号印刷字体容易读。
For one thing, it provides a special day to remind people to take care of the Earth.It also gives special interest and environmental groups an opportunity to motivate their members to take action in their communities.
一方面是这一活动可以提醒人们要细心照看好我们的地球，同时也使特别礼仪团体和环保组织有机会动员自己的成员在各自的社区采取行动。
9 短语/句子成分单独成句
For me, as a young African beginning his career in the UN a few months later, those two men set a standard that I have sought to follow throughout my working life.
我是几个月后再联合国开始职业生涯的一名非洲青年。对我来说，这两人确立了我在整个工作生涯中一直努力依循的标准。
课文口译(一)
课文口译(一)
一、分配注意力和理解能力的培养
1、目的：学习分配注意力
在语篇层次上对原语意义的理解，而不是对原文文字进行逐字逐句地翻译。
2、方法：跟读后复述出大意
（刚开始时跟读可以和原语同步开始，操练一阵以后，可以迟于原语片刻跟读，
为口译打下扎实的基础）
加强语言外知识的积累，关心国内外大事，听广播、读报纸
3、要求：抓住关键信息即可，不必过多要求细节的累述
4、示范：香港庆祝中华人民共和国成立五十四周年发言 （中译英）
安南秘书长接受诺贝尔和平奖发言
（英译中）
中译英提纲：
1) 聚会目的：庆祝中华人民共和国成立５４周年
2) 两件大事：领导换届、抗击非典
3) 回归是幸事
4) 责任及具体措施
5) 展望与呼吁
