焊接缺陷
1.裂缝：crack （焊缝/弧坑/热影响区裂纹:weld metal/crater/ heat-affected Zone (HAZ) crack） 2.焊瘤:overlap 3.冷隔：cold lap 4.未焊满: under fill / incompletely filled groove 5.咬边: undercut 6.道间没有圆滑过渡/焊缝凹陷：bum effect / Exceive concave 7.未溶合: lack of fusion / incomplete fusion 8.气孔:gas pore / blowhole (针尖状气孔:pinhole; 密集气孔:porosity; 条虫状气孔:wormhole) 9.夹渣: slag inclusion (夹钨:tungsten inclusion; 夹杂物:inclusion) 10.未焊透:incomplete penetration / lack of penetration 11.过度焊缝加强高：exceive reinforce / Exceive weld metal 12.电弧烧伤：Arc strike / Arc burn 13.焊接变形: welding deformation 14.烧穿:burn through 15.塌陷: exceive penetration 16.凹坑:pit / dent 17.过度打磨：exceive grinding 18.焊疤：scar 19.飞溅：spatter 20.焊缝成行不好：poor profile 21.焊角不足：lack of weld leg
附录 attachment
焊接工艺方法
1.熔焊:fusion welding 压焊:preure welding 钎焊:brazing welding 2.焊缝倾角:weld slope, inclination of weld axis.3.焊缝转角:weld rotation, angle of rotation 4.平焊:flat position of welding, downhand welding 横焊:Horizontal position welding.5.立焊:vertical position welding
仰焊:overhead position welding.6.7.8.9.向下立焊:vertical down welding, downward welding in the vertical position.向上立焊:vertical up welding, upward welding in the vertical position.倾斜焊;inclined position welding 上坡焊: upward welding in the inclined position 10.下坡焊: downward welding in the inclined position 11.对接焊:butt welding 角焊:fillet welding 搭接焊:lap welding 12.船形焊: fillet welding in the downhand / flat position 13.坡口焊:groove welding 14.I 形坡口对接焊:square groove welding 15.Y形坡口对接焊:flare groove welding 16.纵缝焊接:welding of longitudinal seam.横缝焊接:welding of transverse seam.17.环缝焊接:girth welding, circumferential welding 18.螺旋缝焊接:welding of spiral seam, welding of helical seam.19.环缝对接焊:Butt welding of circumferential seam.20.单面焊:welding by one side 双面焊:welding by both sides 21.单道焊:single-pa welding, single-run welding 多道焊: multi-pa welding..22.单层焊:single layer welding
多层焊:multi-layer welding 23.分段多层焊:block sequence, block welding 24.连续焊:continuous welding 打底焊:backing welding 封底焊:back sealing weld 25.自动焊:automatic welding 半自动焊:semi-automatic welding 26.手工焊:manual welding, hand welding 27.车间焊接:shop welding
工地焊接:site welding, field welding 28.堆焊:surfacing welding, building up welding, overlaying welding.29.衬垫焊:welding with backing.30.焊剂垫焊:welding with flux backing 31.电弧点焊:arc spot welding.32.套环:ferrule 试板test piece 随机检查random check 33.单面/双面串联点焊:direct/indirect serial spots welding.34.机械性能试验mechanical properties test 35.简历curriculum vitae 36.分类category 37.风险评估risk aement 38.第三方notified body 39.基准modules
坡口, 焊缝
1.焊接工艺参数:welding parameter 2.坡口: groove
钝边:root face
3.坡口面角度: angle of bevel, bevel angle.4.坡口角度: Included angle, groove angle.5.坡口高度:groove depth 6.开坡口:beveling of the edge, chamfering.7.single-V/U groove (with root face) 8.焊缝区:weld metal zone
热影响区:heat-affected Zone (HAZ) 9.工艺/使用/热/焊接性:fabrication/service/thermal weldability.10.碳弧气刨:carbon arc air gouging.火焰气刨:flame gouging 11.等离子切割:plasma arc cutting(PAC)
激光切割: laser cutting (LC) 12.喷沙: sand blast 清渣:slag removal 清根: back chipping 13.碳/铬/镍当量:carbon/chromium/nickel equivalent.
电弧焊
1.手工电弧焊:manual metal arc welding 2.直流电弧焊:direct current arc welding 3.交流电弧焊:alternating current arc welding 4.三相电弧焊:three phases current arc welding 5.熔化极电弧焊: arc welding with consumable electrode 6.金属极电弧焊:metal arc welding
电弧堆焊:arc surfacing 7.碳弧焊:carbon arc welding
自动堆焊:automatic surfacing 8.埋弧焊:submerged-arc welding (SAW) 9.自动埋弧焊:automatic submerged-arc welding (SAW) 10.半自动埋弧焊:semi-automatic submerged-arc welding (SAW) 11.气体保护焊:gas shielded arc welding 12.惰性气体保护焊:inert-gas arc welding 13.氩弧焊:argon arc welding 14.钨极惰性气体保护焊:tungsten inert-gas arc welding 15.活性气体保护焊:metal active gas arc welding 16.Co2气体保护焊:carbon-dioxide arc welding.17.电渣焊:electro-slag welding (ESW)
电阻焊:resistance welding (RW) 18.点焊:spot welding
摩擦焊:friction welding (FW) 爆炸焊: explosive welding (EW) 19.热切割: thermal cutting (TC) 气割: gas cutting 20.塑性/脆性:plastic/brittle 21.焊缝\\环焊缝\\打磨:welding seam\\circumference seam\\grind 22.发证:certification iue
焊接检验
1.试件/试样: test piece/specimen 2.直射/斜射/水浸超声探伤:straight/angle beam/immersed ultrasonic inspection 3.射线探伤:radiographic inspection 超声探伤:ultrasonic inspection 4.磁粉探伤:magnetic particle examination 渗透探伤: penetration inspection 5.荧光检验:fluorescent penetration inspection 6.着色检验:dye penetration inspection 7.电磁法探伤:electromagnetic test 8.密封性检验:leak test 气密性检验: airtight test 10.破坏检验:destructive test 9.耐压检验:preure test 水压试验:hydraulic test 气压试验:pneumatic test 10.声发射:acoustic emersion 11.淬火：quenching 回火：tempering退火：annealing 熔炼：smelting 12.强制检验:mandatory inspection 13.拉伸试验\\弯曲试验\\冲击试验:tension test\\bend test\\impact test 14.金相检查:metallographic exam 15.面弯\\背弯\\侧弯\\断口\\弯曲条件:face bend\\root bend\\side bend\\break\\condition of bend 16.合格级别\\评定级别\\底片编号acceptable grade\\interpretation level\\radiograph no 17.铱同位素:iridium isotope
welding inspection clearance groove, aembly space whether it meets the requirements, positioning it firmly welding, weld around is not oil, rust; 清理焊口：焊前检查坡口、组装间隙是否符合要求，定位焊是否牢固，焊缝周围不得有油污、锈物；
开孔前要按照图纸给定的方位、标高，结合排版图进行放样、测量、号孔、划线。 Openings in accordance with the drawings before a given position, elevation, combined with layout plans for setting out, measurement, and its hole, croed. 如果发现压力下降是因为某处泄漏而造成的，系统应降压，修理，并重新试验。 If preure drop is found during the test due to leakage at some joints, the system shall be depreed , repaired and re-testing shall be done.
