初中英语日常用语
一、问候(Greetings)
1.初会
常见表达：How do you do?/Hello!/I\'m glad to see you./Nice to meet you.用法点津：a.回应时，只要重复一下对方所说的问候语即可。b.同样是初会问候语，How do you do？和I\'m glad to see you.较正式，而Hello!和Nice to meet you.较随便。c.Nice to meet you.主要表示初次见面时的问候，而Nice meeting you.则是初次见面分手时的用语。
2.日常问候
常见表达：Hello!/Hi!/Good morning (afternoon, evening)!/How are you?/How are things going?/How are you getting on?
用法点津：a.回应前三个交际用语时，只要重复对方的话即可。b.How are you？是日常生活中用来问候他人身体情况的用语，回应时，用Very well, thank you.(And how are you?)或用Fine, thanks.(And you?)。假如身体确实不太舒服并想让对方知道，不妨说Not too well, I\'m afraid.对经常见面的人说How are you？时后面还可加上具体时间。c.Hello！和Hi！是互相熟悉的人之间的招呼语，比较随便，一天中任何时候都可以用。有时，后面还可加上对方的名字，以示亲热。d.Good evening!一般用于晚上(通常是九点以前)，有时后面还可加上对方的姓名或称呼。需要注意的是，不可用Good day.来打招呼。Good morning！省略good 时，也可用来打招呼，但一般用于比较熟悉的人之间。e.与英美人见面寒暄时，不应问及他(她)的年龄、婚否、收入等个人隐私情况。
二、介绍(Introductions)
常见表达：May I introduce myself? My name is Jim./ How do you do? I\'m Jim./Let me introduce B to you.A, this is B.用法点津：a.自我介绍时，男子不必自称Mr, 说姓名或姓就可以了。而女子在自我介绍时，一般需将姓和名同时用，有时为区别婚否，还可在姓名前加上Mrs或Mi。b.介绍他人时，常把年轻的介绍给年长的，把身份低的介绍给身份高的，把男子介绍给女子，把客人介绍给主人，以示对后者的尊重。c.经介绍后，人们常用的问候语有Nice to see you./How do you do? 回应时重复一下即可。
三、告别(Farewells)
常见表达：Good-bye!/Bye-bye!/Bye!/See you tomorrow(later, soon,at six o\'clock)!Good night!/ Have a good (nice) day!
Goodbye, Jim, and good luck！
用法点津：a.Bye-bye.用于比较随便的场合。b.Good night./Night!只限于晚上告别或上
床睡觉时使用。c.Have a nice day！限于白天告别时用(如早餐后家人互相道别)。d.回应第一组告别用语时只要重复一下那些用语即可，对See you tomorrow(later, soon, at six o\'clock).的回应也可用Fine.或OK.，表示对约定时间的认可。回应第二组用语时要将语序调整一下，即Good luck to you, too.Goodbye.e.告别前通常要说一两句客套话，如：I\'m afraid I must be off(going) now.长久告别时，还可同时表达希望今后多联系(Keep/Get in touch.)，要对方保重身体(Take care.)，问候对方家人(Please send my best wishes/regards to your family.)等。
四、打电话(Making phone calls)
1.打电话人自我介绍
常见表达：Hello! Mike (here)./ Hello! This is Mike (speaking).用法点津：用英语打电话时，开头打招呼的第一句话通常是Hello，然后便自报姓名，再告知想与谁通话。
2.打电话人要某人接电话
常见表达：May(Can) I speak to Kate, please?/Is that Kate? /Is Kate in?/Who\'s that?
用法点津：需要证实对方的身份时，不能说Are you...?或Who are you?
3.本人接电话
常见表达：Hello, 8244011./Good morning.This is Kate (speaking)./Yes, speaking.
用法点津：a.接电话时，第一句招呼语可以是Hello.,也可以视情况说Good morning!紧接着再报自己的电话号码或姓名,也可报单位名称。不打招呼，直接介绍自己，再问对方是谁也可以。b.问对方是谁时可以这样说Who\'s calling?/Who is that speaking?/Is that Mike speaking?/Is that you, Mike?
4.代接电话人叫某人接电话
常见表达：You are wanted on the phone./
There\'s a call for you./For you.
用法点津：如果来电要找的人就在电话机附近，也听见了电话铃声，则可简单地说一声For you.或It\'s (a call) for you.
五、感谢和应答(Thanks and responses)
1.一般场合
常见表达：A: Thank you./Thank you very much (indeed)./Many thanks.B: Not at all./That\'s OK(all right)./That\'s nothing./You are welcome./Don\'t mention it.
用法点津：感谢可用于得到别人的帮助、受到别人的赞赏、接受别人的礼物和祝愿以及谢绝别人的好意等多种场合。
2.特定场合
常见表达：A: Thanks for your help.B: (It\'s) My pleasure./It\'s a pleasure.
A: Here\'s a ticket for you.
B: Thank you.It\'s very nice (kind) of you.
用法点津：My pleasure./It\'s my pleasure./
It\'s a pleasure.这三句的意思均为\"这是我们乐意做的事\"或\"甭客气\"。
六、祝愿、祝贺和应答(Greetings, congratulations and responses)
1.节日问候
常见表达：A: Happy New Year!/Merry Christmas!/I wish you a Happy New Year.
B: Thanks, the same to you./Thanks and I wish you the same./A merry Christmas to you, too.
用法点津：回应对双方共有节日的祝愿时，通常会顺祝对方节日愉快。如果节日只为一方所有，回应时只要表示感谢就可以了。对生日祝贺的回应也只表示感谢即可。
2.祝贺成功
常见表达：A: Congratulations (on your succe)!/Let me congratulate you on your progre./Well done./That\'s great!
B: Thank you (for your congratulations)./It was very kind of you to say so.用法点津：祝贺语中的名词Congratulations总是用复数形式。
3.离别寄语
常见表达：A:I hope you have a good journey./Have a good time in Beijing.
B: Thank you./Thanks.I will.
七、意愿(Intensions)
1.表达意愿
常见表达：I will help you with your English./I\'m willing to let Mike help you.用法点津：要表达不愿意做某事时，将上述句子改为否定句就可以了。
2.询问意愿
常见表达：A: Will you go with us?/Are you willing to go with us? /Do you mind going with us? /Would you like (us) to visit Beijing?
B: Of course, I will (am)./No, not at all.
用法点津：not at all可以看作是I don\'t mind at all.的省略形式。
3.转述意愿
常见表达：She\'d like (me) to stay at home tomorrow./He is thinking of giving us a talk.
八、道歉和应答(Apologies and responses)
1.表示道歉
常见表达：Sorry to have kept you waiting./I\'m sorry, but I\'m busy./Excuse me (for being late)./I beg your pardon for not telling you that./I\'m afraid we are not free this weekend.
用法点津：sorry主要用于因犯了某种过失而于事后向他人表示歉意，也可表示因不能满足他人要求或请求而表示歉意。Excuse me 通常用于下列情形：需要打断别人谈话或工作时；有求于他人时；因故需要暂时离开时；就某事表示不同意见时；自己的言行将会影响他人时。
2.表示原谅
常见表达：Not at all./Don\'t mention it./Never mind about that./Forget it./That\'s OK./It doesn\'t matter./Don\'t worry about it.用法点津：用Never mind.作答时有时可表达说话人多少有点不高兴或无可奈何的意味。如：
A: Could you help me hang this picture?
B: I\'m just going out.
A: Oh, never mind.I\'ll do it myself.
又如：
A: What was that you said? I didn\'t hear you.
B: Never mind.It wasn\'t important.
九、遗憾和同情(Regrets and sympathy)
常见表达：What a pity you can\'t come with us./I\'m sorry to hear your mother is ill./The young man died last night.How terrible!
十、邀请和应答(Invitations and responses)
1.提出邀请
常见表达：What about playing football
with us?/Do come to play with us tomorrow./
Would you like to have a dinner with us this
evening?/Do you feel like taking a walk now?/
Won\'t you come in and sit down?/ I\'d like to invite you to dinner this Saturday, Mr Smith.
用法点津：a.在发出\"邀请\"前常有一个引子，尤其在客气的场合，如可先这样问一下对方是否有空：Are you free this evening? b.Would you like to...和I\'d like to invite you to...的句式较为客气，带有商量、询问的口气，多用于不知对方能否接受邀请的场合。
2.接受邀请与拒绝邀请
常见表达：Yes, I\'d like to./Yes, great./Sure.That\'s a good idea./Yes, with pleasure./That\'s very kind of you.Thank you./Sure, why not? I\'ll be glad to./That sounds nice (great).
I\'d love to, but I\'m afraid I can\'t./I wish I could, but I\'m too busy./Thank you, but I\'m afraid I must finish my homework first.
用法点津：a.接受他人邀请时通常还要表示一下感谢。b.如果是稍有保留地接受，可这
样说：I will if I can./ It\'s very kind of you to invite me, but I\'m not sure if I can come.c.拒绝他人的邀请一般不直接说No,而要婉言谢绝，并要声明自己是愿意接受\"邀请\"的，但因某种原因不能接受，并表示歉意或感谢。
