新起点暑假国际音标教案
授课人：韩珠婉Leon 1 音素、音标及分类
音素是最小的语音单位。英语共有48个音素，其中20个为元音音素，24个为辅音音素。元音可分为单元音和双元音。单元音又有长元音和短元音之分。长元音用/：/符号表示。辅音有清辅音和浊辅音之分。
元音的发音特点是气流通过口腔时，不受任何阻碍，声带振动。学习元音时，最主要的是掌握舌、唇、牙床三者的位置。
辅音的发音特点是气流通过口腔或鼻腔时，受到舌、唇、齿等发音器官的阻碍。发音时声带不振动的是清辅音；声带振动的是浊辅音。发辅音时，要注意不可加入元音成分。
音标是音素的书面符号，用来注明字母和单词的读音。每一个音标代表一个音素，写在方括号[ ]或双斜线/ /内。
元音
辅音
似微笑状。
e be me he she we
[ i：] 发音要领：口微张，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部尽量抬起，但不能触到上颚，双唇向两旁伸开，呈扁平型， ee see meet week tree sleep free three green ea meat sea teacher clean read beach bean eat jeans leaf e e Chinese these evening [ ɪ ] 发音要领：舌尖抵下齿，双唇自然张开，齿间可容下一小手指。双唇自然张开，两颊放松，口腔肌肉放松。
i it in is film six ship sit fish y dirty very lucky city many busy easy happy {词尾的y} ey monkey money donkey 例：he she we me feet bee meet beef feed heel meat pea peach read tea pig kick ship dish big city busy happy easy money monkey donkey
爆破音 [ p ] [ b ]
[ p ] 发音要领：双唇紧闭，形成完全阻塞，气流经双唇突然冲出，爆破成音。它是清辅音，声带不振动。
p pen park pick pig panda piano parrot
apple puppet mop stop lamp sleep sheep ship [ b ] 发音要领：发音位置与口型与 [ p ]相同。不同的是[ b ]是浊辅音，发音时声带振动
b big bat butter bat big but bike rubber number table member rubbish
Review and Test
一、将你听到的音正确排序。
/bi:p/
/p/
/bɪp/
/b/
/pi:b/
/pɪb/
二、听单词，写出你所学过的音标。
big
leaf
peach
pull
black
pen need
blue
syllable
duty
Chinese
三、请标出划线字母的音标
Leon 2 前元音 [e] [æ]
[ e ] 发音要领：舌尖抵住下齿，舌前部抬至硬腭，口腔为半张半闭。牙床半开，齿间可容下一个食指。双唇松弛地展向两侧
e bed red pet desk egg hen ten leg ea weather head bread health question a many any at [ æ ] 发音要领：舌尖抵住下齿，牙床开得较大，齿间可容下两个食指。唇形稍扁，向两边平伸
a apple bad cat fat black flag hand rabbit ant bat family happy cap map fat bad bank catch match man lamp fan mat bag hat 短语练习： A fact is a fact.That’s that. A black cat is catching a fat rat.Don’t let the cat out of the bag.对比练习：pen-pan gue-gas beg-bag set-sad head-had lend-land I have a pen and a bag.Apples are red and yellow.
爆破音 [ t ] [ d ] [ t ] 发音要领：舌尖紧贴上齿龈，形成完全阻塞。气流从舌尖和上齿龈间冲出，舌尖弹开，爆破成音。它是清辅音，声带不振动。
[ d ] 发音要领：发音位置和口形与[ t ]相同，不同的是[ d ]是浊辅音，发音时声带振动。
短语练习：hot tea take a taxi tell the time a good friend hand in hand
Review and Test
一、将你听到的音正确排序。
/tæp/ /b/ /dept/ /i:pɪd/ /tæbɪp/ /pɪdɪd/ /di:d/ /fi:t/ /hæt/ /hi:/ /red/ /bred/
二、听单词，写出你所学过的音标。
dad eat bed table bad map desk sad pet red hat foot branch sharp
三、请标出划线字母的音标。 Leon3 中元音 [ ɜ：] [ ə ]
[ ɜ：] 发音要领：舌中部升至口腔中部，使口部半张半合，舌身放平．双唇像发[ i：]那样向两侧展开。
[ ə ] 发音要领：是[ ɜ：]的短音，唇既扁也不圆，口腔肌肉松弛。舌尖抵下齿，舌中部稍稍抬起。
短语练习：Give me some butter and sugar.
My younger brother is a doctor.
[ ʌ ] 发音要领：舌后部抬至软腭，舌中部抬至稍高于嘴巴自然张开时的舌位。舌尖稍稍离开下齿。唇形稍扁，向两侧咧开。
爆破音 [ k ] [ g ] [ k ] 发音要领：舌后部抬起，顶住软腭，形成完全阻塞。气流从舌后部与软腭间冲出，爆破成音。它是清辅音，声带不振动。
[ g ] 发音要领：发音位置和口形与[ k ]相同，不同的是它是浊辅音，发音时声带振动
Review and Test
一、写出你所听到的音标。
[ ɜ：]
[ ə ]
[ k ]
[ g ]
[ t ]
[ d ]
[ p ] [ b ]
[ i：]
[ ɪ ]
[ e ]
[ æ ]
二、听单词，写出你所学过的音标。
pick
lack
pig
come
bird
cut
banana
cool
milk
early key
gate
door
Leon4 [ ɑ：] 发音要领：舌位很低，舌尖离开下齿，舌向后缩，舌身低平。牙床全开，口要张大。双唇自然张开。
短语练习：He laughs longest who laughs last.
A car is paing by the park.
唇齿摩擦音 [ f ] [ v ] [ f ] 发音要领：下唇稍向内收，轻触上齿下沿，形成部分阻塞。气流从上下唇间泄出摩擦成音。它是轻辅音，声带不振动。
短语练习：I left my food in my office.Frank has a set of beautiful flat.[ v ] 发音要领：发音位置和口形与[ f ]相同，不同的是[ v ]是浊辅音，发音时声带振动。
短语练习： I love my vase very much.Vivian plays the violin very well.
Review and Test
一、写出你所听到的音标。
[ ɜ：] [ ə ] [ ʌ ] [ f ] [ v ] [ ɑ：]
二、听单词，写出划线字母的音标
Leon5 后元音 [ ɒ ] [ ɔ：] [ ɒ ] 发音要领：舌身后缩，将舌后部升至最高，舌尖离开下齿，牙床几乎全开。张开双唇，略成圆形，但不向前突出。
o top mop box soft stop shop fox coffee clock doctor body orange a wash watch want what
短语练习：The clock has stopped.A little pot is soon hot.
[ ɔ：] 发音要领：将舌后部抬至中位，舌身后缩舌尖稍稍离开下齿。床开的较宽但比[ ɔ ]稍小。双唇更圆，口腔肌肉紧张。
or horse short door floor born corn fork morning short torch story ar warm war
aw law draw saw all all ball tall wall hall fall call mall alk talk walk chalk
augh naught caught daughter ough ought thought bought
短语练习：George saw a saw on the wall.The tall horse saw the short horse
I
舌尖摩擦音 [ θ ] [ ð ]
[ θ ] 发音要领：舌尖接近上齿，形成部分阻塞，气流通过这个缝隙而摩擦成音.它是轻辅音，声带不振动
th thin thick three throw think thank birthday something bathroom mouth math teeth month bath tooth 短语练习： Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy
[ ð ] 发音要领：舌尖稍向前伸，轻触上齿下缘，形成部分阻塞。气流从齿缝中泄出，摩擦成音。它是浊辅音，声带振动。
th this that these those there the than then they their father mother brother feather leather smooth with clothe 短语练习：I go to park with my father, mother and brother.
Review and Test
一、写出你所听到的音标。
[ æ ] [ ɔ：] [ ɔ ] [ θ ] [ ð ] [ ə ] [ ɑ：] [ f ] [ v ] [ ɪ ] [ ʌ ] [ b ] [ ə：] [ e ]
二、听单词，写出你所学过的音标。
orange autumn hot all thanks car bus birthday four thirsty dog sorry teeth doctor box coffee three those that mouth
后元音 [ u：] [ ʊ ]
[ u：] 发音要领：舌身后缩，舌后部向软腭抬起。牙床近乎全合，口腔肌肉紧张。双唇收圆，并向前突出，双唇肌肉较紧。
o do to who whose two shoe
oo moon tooth food school cool choose noon soon cool zoo ou soup group you ui juice fruit u ruler bule true
短语练习：blue moon a pair of shoes a gla of juice It’s cool in autumn.
[ ʊ ] 发音要领：舌后部抬得比[ u：]低一些。舌身的肌肉紧度略小于[ u：]。双唇不向前突出，肌肉也不像发[ u：]那么紧
o wolf woman
u put push sugar full pull bullet bush oo book cook good foot look ou could would should
短语练习：a good book a good cook some good sugar Look before you leap.a good-looking woman Leon7 合口双元音 [ əʊ ] [aʊ ]
[ əʊ ] 发音要领：从元音[ ə ]起始，滑向元音[ ʊ ]。口形从扁平过渡到收圆，中间不能停顿。
o go no both over joke so oh oa boat goat coat soup ow show know snow window ol old cold fold hold sold
o e home nose those hope note bone
短语练习：go home I hope so.The postman close the post office [aʊ ] 发音要领：从舌位很低的元音[a：]起始。舌身先平放于口腔中，然后抬向放松的舌位元音[ ʊ ]，双唇逐渐收圆。
ou mouse cloud loud out house mouth about ow bow cow now brown towndown tower mountain 短语练习：a brown tower house without sound a thousand flowers Open your mouth and round your lips
舌端齿龈摩擦音 [ s ] [ z ]
[ s ] 发音要领：舌尖抬起，靠近上齿龈，但不贴住。气流从齿尖与齿龈间泄出，摩擦成音它是轻辅音声带不振动。
s sea sky sit snake sun star small last fast lost horse bus this socks lips pa gla gra
c city circle cycle rice juice face 短语练习：some sweets sing a song this season I’m sad.some juice some rice in the bag [ z ] 发音要领：发音位置和口形与[ s ]相同。不同的是它是浊辅音，发音时声带振动
z zoo zebra zero zone size gaze breeze freeze s his has please 元音、浊辅音加s读[ z ].
短语练习：There is a zebra in the zoo.
Review and Test
一、写出你所听到的音标。
[ ɑ：] [ u：] [ ɔ：] [ ɔ ] [ ʊ ] [ f ] [ v ] [ s ] [ z ] [ θ ] [ ð ]
二、听单词，写出你所学过的音标。
spoon sweet simple snake sun sing blue nose there that this school he she bird car cat egg zebra leon8 合口双元音 [ eɪ ] [ aɪ ]
[ eɪ ] 发音要领：从舌位稍低的[ e ]开始，向[ ɪ ]的舌位滑动。舌在发音过程中，舌位逐渐抬高
a table baby lady paper station a_e save face name late cake wave tape game ai wait mail strait fail paint rain tail train ea break great ei eight weight ey grey obey ay say way stay day play 短语练习：No pains, no gains.Haste makes waste.Better late than never.[ aɪ ] 发音要领：舌尖抵下齿，口由开到合，由 [ ɑ：]向[ ɪ ]滑动，中间不能停顿，舌位逐渐抬高
i _e life time fine nine bike like kite rice size y fly try sky why cry by ie die tie lie ye eye bye igh light high right night
短语练习：How time flies! Five times five is twenty-five.Great minds think alike
舌端齿龈后部摩擦音 [ ʃ ] [ ʒ ]
[ ʃ ] 发音要领：舌身抬起，舌身与上齿龈、硬腭间形成一窄小缝隙。双唇突出，略呈喇叭形。气流从缝隙中泄出。它是清辅音，声带不振动。
sh ship sheep short shirt （词首）
brushes dishes washes （词中） push rush wish rubbish （词尾） s sure sugar
短语练习：an English ship a shark shock
[ ʒ ] 发音要领：发音位置和口形与[ ʃ ]相同。不同的是它是浊辅音，发音时声带振动
sua usual casual
sure pleasure leisure measure
sion decision television occasion
短语练习：measure the pleasure the decision on that occasion
Review and Test
一、写出你所学过的前元音
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
二、写出你所学过的爆破音。
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
三、写出你学过的中元音 { } { } { }
四、写出你学过的后元音
{ } { } { } { } { }
五、写出你学过的摩擦音
{ } { }{ } { }
六、连线，给单词找到合适的音标。
purple / t u：θ/ bread / kəʊld / breathe / li：st / arm / ‘p3:pl / cold / bri：ð / least / ɑ：m/ tooth / bred / Leon9合口双元音 [ ɔɪ ] 集中双元音 [ ɪə ]
[ ɔɪ ] 发音要领：由[ ɔ ]滑向[ ɪ ]，口形由圆到扁平，从开到合，舌位逐渐抬高。[ ɪ ]发的音较轻
oi oil join coin voice noise choice spoil oy boy toy joy enjoy employ soy
短语练习：the boy and his toy join the boys avoid the choice toil and noil [ ɪə ] 发音要领：由[ ɪ ]音快速滑向[ ə ]，口形随之变化，舌位逐渐降低
ea really idea theatre
ear ear dear clear hear near tear beard eer beer deer steer sneer cheer ere here sphere mere
短语练习: near here real beer a clear idea Come here, dear! We are near the end of the year. Clear the rubbish out of here and don’t put it anywhere near.
舌尖齿龈后部摩擦音[ r ] 声门摩擦音[ h ]
[ r ] 发音要领：舌尖向上齿龈后部卷起，双唇收圆微突，气流从舌面和硬腭间泄出，摩擦成音。它是浊辅音，声带振动。
r read red run rain round rose right carrot parrot throw 短语练习：right or wrong the real reason a bright room Merry Christmas These red roses are really pretty. The railway bridge acro the river is over 100 feet high.[ h ] 发音要领：口张开，口形不定，随后面的元音而变化。气流从口腔泄出不受阻，仅在通过声门时有轻微摩擦。它是轻辅音，声带不震动
h house head hot ham hat horse home wh+o whose who whom 短语练习：a hat in hand a high hill How horrible! a happy holiday hold one’s head high
读下面的句子，把可以连读的地方划出来，并标出连读后的音标。 What time is it? I like a pair of sunglaes. Can I have an apple? This is a black kite. If it is good, I’ll eat it.Don’t shout in my ear leon10 集中双元音 [ Ɛə ] [ ʊə ]
[ Ɛə ] 发音要领：由[ Ɛ ]向[ə ]滑动，中间无停顿，声音逐渐减弱。在发音过程中，舌位逐渐抬高，双唇变化不大
air air hair chair fair pair stair eir their
ear bear pear wear
are share square care dare stare ere there where
短语练习：repair their chairs prepare to declare share and share fair and square
[ ʊə ] 发音要领：由[ ʊ ]向[ ə ]滑动，中间无停顿，声音逐渐减弱。在发音过程中，舌位逐渐降低，双唇由圆到不圆。
oor poor moor our tour gourd
ure sure pure cure
短语练习：The tourists are touring the moor.The heart attacks became fewer and fewer
破擦音 [ tʃ ] [ dʒ ]
[ tʃ ] 发音要领：舌前部抬起，舌尖及舌端抵住上齿龈，形成完全阻塞。双唇向前突出，气流冲破阻碍，爆破摩擦成音。它是清辅音，声带不振动
ch
China chair chocolate chick cherry teacher kitchen watches touch which lunch much watch beach ture picture nature century tion question 短语练习：a cheerful chap such a charming child choose a chocolate [ dʒ ] 发音要领：发音位置和口形与[ tʃ ]相同。不同的是它是浊辅音，发音时声带振动。 j jam jeep join jump jeans g(在i; e; y前) giraffe George large bridge age 短语练习：a large bottle of jam John and Jane George can jump on the large bridge.
一、将下列音标配对。
元音 / i：/ / ɜ：/ / ɔ：/ / u：/ / æ / /ɑ：/ / ʌ / / Þ / / ɪ / / ə / / e / / ʊ / 辅音 / p / / t / / k / / θ / / s / / ʃ / / f / / z / / v / / ʒ / / g / / b / / d / / ð /
二、读下面的句子
1.She is the first teacher. 2.There are some good food.. 3.Three books are dirty, two books are clean. 4.-Can you jump? -Yes, I can. 5.A fox is eating meat.leon11 半元音 [ w ] [ j ] [ w ] 发音要领：双唇收得很小，并向前突出。舌位较高，舌后部向软腭抬起，但不接触。一经发出，迅速向后面的元音滑动。声带振动
w wash window wear warm wood week work water swim swing wh whale which when where what why white 短语练习：word for word as weak as water between wind and water
[ j ] 发音要领：舌尖触下齿部，舌前部尽量向硬腭抬起，但不接触。双唇扁平，气流从舌面与硬腭间通过。半元音也称为“滑动音”
y yes yellow young your yo-yo year yesterday u use unit uniform music excuse Europe ew new nephew few
短语练习：year in, year out by yourself yesterday’s newspaper beautiful music your yellow new suit
鼻辅音 [ m ] [ n ] [ ŋ ]
[ m ] 发音要领：双唇紧闭成完全阻塞。气流从鼻腔泄出，是浊辅音声带振动。
m monkey money mask much meet man mouth smoke smooth small smart room am home drum mm summer swimmer mb climb
mn autumn hymn solemn
短语练习：man and women make room for Tom make ends meet
[ n ] 发音要领：舌尖和舌端抵住上齿龈成完全阻碍。气流从鼻腔泄出。浊辅音
n
noodles
not
need
nice
new
nurse
pencil
dentist
angry banana piano cannot pen run in plane kn know knew known knock
短语练习：neck or nothing now or never to learn with an open mind
[ ŋ ] 发音要领：舌后部抬起紧贴软腭，成完全阻碍，气流从鼻腔泄出。浊辅音。
n ink tank bank ng sing king ring thing wing long song wrong strong hang finger 短语练习：sing a song a long string king of England Leon12舌侧音 [ l ] [ l ]
[ l ] 发音要领：发音时舌尖抵住上齿龈，使气流从舌的一侧或两侧泄出,质清晰。它是浊辅音，声带振动。
l look like lemon lion lake love large learn close floor sleep clap 短语练习：leave him alone a long line last but not least live and let live
[ l ] 发音要领：舌端紧贴上齿龈，舌前下陷，舌后上抬，舌面形成凹形，气流在此凹陷中产生共鸣，音质模糊，它是浊辅音，声带振动
l build walk talk milk help elbow child girl little bowl meal bell doll ll will hill smell
短语练习：a spoilt child Please tell Will to fill the pail with milk. It’s never too old to learn.A little pill may well cure a great ill.
破擦音 [ tr ] [ dr ]
[ tr ] 发音要领：舌尖向上卷起，抵住上齿龈后部，双唇收圆，略向前突出。它是清辅音。
tr tree train trousers truck try 短语练习：a train under a tree
Tracy, Tracy, Tracy, Tracy , the mouse lives in a tree.She sees many trains and trucks.She tries and tries to catch the train.Train, train, train, But the train was too fast to catch. [ dr ] 发音要领： 双唇收圆向前突出，舌尖上翘抵住上齿龈，声带震动．
dr draw drink dre dragon driver drop dream 对比练习：treat- cheat tree-cheese trip- chip tree- drink treat- dream Are you dreaming? Are you dreaming? Brother dragon, brother dragon? Yes, I am dreaming.Drive a car, To get my toy.To get my toy.
Leon13[ ts ] [ dz ] [ ts ] 发音要领：舌尖抵住上齿龈，舌前部抬向硬腭，形成阻塞。气流冲破阻碍先爆破，后摩擦。它是清辅音，声带不振动
ts beats seats sheets lets sets gets fits bits hats cats arts lots shorts boots cuts tes gates kites
My dad sells coats and hats.He said he might sell boots.But then came the bats, And he went to buy some cats.Cats, cats, cats, Don’t be afraid of the bats, They are just rats brothers [ dz ] 发音要领：发音位置和口形与[ ts ]相同。但它是浊辅音
ds reads beads bids lids beds adds lads cards gods birds words des hides spades
复合辅音
ch chair beach lunch cheese bench church chicken cherry sh shoes sheep shirt ship fish dish push wh white whale wheel wheat whip ph elephant photo telephone alphabet th brother feather leather father mother th three thumb bath thirsty mouth teeth kn knife knob knee knock knit wr write wrist wrinkle wrap wreath mb thumb lamb bomb comb crumb numb bl black blue blonde bloom blanket fl flower flat fly flag floor pl plane play plus plate platform cl clock cloud close clean climb clap gl glove globe glue glider gla cr cry cream crayon crab crocodile gr green gray gra grapes ground pr prince prize pre prince price pray br brown bright bread brother bridge fr fruit frog Friday friend tr tree train truck triangle Mi liu is a pretty girl.I will work hard.Never give up.
Leon14混合辅音
dr drive dream drum dry drop draw dre drink sm smile small smell smoke smooth sn snowman snow snack sl sleep slow slide sw sweater swallow swing swim sweet sweat sp spoon spider spell sport st stand store star stamp stuent sc scarf scanner scrub sk skirt skim skin
开音节与闭音节
开音节：1}以发音的元音字母结尾的单节
be he she
2}以辅音字母r 除外＋不发音的e结尾的音节 make like 闭音节：以一个或几个辅音字母r除外结尾而中间只有一个元音字母的音节，称为闭音节．
Map desk is 字母a,e,i,o,u在开音节闭音节中的读法 A 开音节[ eɪ ] name take game late 闭音节[ æ ]map bag cat cap hat man E 开音节[ i：] be he me we she 闭音节[ e ] egg best neck bed pen ten i 开音节[ aɪ ]
like kite tie life 闭音节[ ɪ ] bit pick give fish big o 开音节 [ əʊ ] note no old cold 开音节 [ Þ ] dog lot clock stop hot U 开音节[ ju: ] mute use 闭音节[ ʌ ] bus cut fun cup gun a＿e name sake bake cape tape lake game e_e these meke pete fede lede i_e five nine life time fine o_e nose home pose rose u_e tube mute flute cube dute 写出你所学过的前元音。
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] 写出你所学过的中元音。
[ ] [ ] [ ] 写出你所学过的后元音。
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] 写出你所学过的爆破音。
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] 写出你所学过的摩擦音。
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
将下列音标配对。
元音 / i：/ / ɜ：/ / ɔ：/ / u：/ / æ / /ɑ： / ʌ / / Þ / / ɪ / / ə / / e / / ʊ / 辅音 / p / / t / / k / / θ / / s / / ʃ / / f / / z / / v / / ʒ / / g / / b / / d / / ð /
