外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com
初中英语词组总结
1 (see、hear、notice、find、feel、listen to、look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump
2 （比较级 and 比较级） 表示越来越怎么样
3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人
5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界
7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去
the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树
8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的
10 ask for ……求助 向…要…（直接接想要的东西） eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么
12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事
13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的开始
15 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后；尽头；末尾 eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候
17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心，自信
eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pa the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时
19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原） 能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing
21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么
eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视
23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气
25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高
26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开
29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好
http://down.tingroom.com 外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心；小心 33 be different from…… 和什么不一样
34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好
36 be from = come from 来自 eg ：He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ?
37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the gla is full of water the gla is filled with water
38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v(原） 将来时
40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于……
41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English 42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事
43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处
eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处
Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处
44 be in good health 身体健康
45 be in trouble 处于困难中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble 46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣
47 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for cla 上课迟到
48 be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother 49 be mad at 生某人的气
50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)
51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料) 52 be not sure 表不确定
53 be on a visit to 参观 54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎
55 be quiet 安静 56 be short for 表**的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰
57 be sick in bed 生病在床 58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you 59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you 61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying noles
62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格
63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么
65 be sure 表确定 66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure http://down.tingroom.com 外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com of learning English well
67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大脑（老师）
68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm suer that he can pa the test 我相信他能通过考试
69 be sure to do sth一定会做某事eg: We are sure to pa the test 我们一定会通过这次考试 We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语
70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕…… 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事
72 be the same as … 和什么一样 73 be used to doing sth习惯做某事
eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早He is used to sleeping in cla 他习惯上课睡觉
74 be worth doing 值得做什么 75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句
76 because+句子 because of +短语
eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache
77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事 start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么
eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home 78 between…and… 两者之间
79 borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给……什么东西
eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen 80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同
81 bother 打扰 bother sb to do sth
eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station 我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站
the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了
He's bothering me to lend him money
82 by the end of 到……为止 83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang
84 care 关心 eg : Don't you care about this country's future ?你为什么不关心国家的未来
85 catch up with sb 赶上某人 86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈 take sb to + 地点 带某人去某地
87 come in 进88 come over to 过来
89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一个好办法吗？
90 communicate with sb 和某人交流
91 consider + doing 考虑做什么 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 为什么不考虑去泸http://down.tingroom.com 外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com 州？
92 dance to 随着……跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞
93 decide to do sth 决定做某事 94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查 95 do better in 在……方面做得更好
96 do wrong 做错 97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事 98 Don't mind +doing /从句 /名词 不要介意……
99 each +名（单）每一个…eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书 100 end up +doing 101 enjoy +doing喜欢 102 escape from 从……逃跑eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来 103 expect to do sth 期待做某事 104 fall down 摔下来 fall off 从哪摔下来 105 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上什么
106 far from 离某地远 eg : The school is far from my home 107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样
108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样 eg : I find the book interesting 109 finish 完成+doing（名词）
110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人 111 forget to do 没有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Don't forget to go home I forget closing door 112 from…to… 从某某到某某 eg: From me for her
113 get /have sth down 做完，被（别人）做…eg: I have my hair cut 我理了发(头发被剪了）
Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了（被牙医拔掉了）
114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job 115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好
116 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处 117 get ready for = be ready for为什么而准备eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math 118 get sb in to trouble 给某人麻119 get sb to do sth
120 get…from… 从某处得到某物 121 give a talk 做报告 eg: He is give a tall 122 give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物 123 go fish 钓鱼 go swimming 游泳
124 go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 继续做这件事 125 go out away from go out of 126 go to school 上学（用于专业的）go to the school 去学校（不一定是上学） 127 good way to 好方法
128 hate to do 讨厌没做过的事 hate doing 讨厌做过的事
129 have a party for sb 举办谁的晚会 130 have a talk 听报告 谈一谈
131 have been doing 现在完成进行时 eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since 132 have been to …( 地方）……去过某过地方 have gone to …（地方） 去了某地还没回来
133 have fun +doing 玩得高兴 134 have sth to do 有什么事要做
http://down.tingroom.com 外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作业要做 I have nothing to do 我没什么事情做
135 have to do sth 必须做某事
136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦
137 have…time +doing
138 have…(时间)…off 放……假 eg: I have month off 我请一个月得假
139 hear sb +do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事
140 help a lot 很大用处
141 help sb with sth \one's sth 帮助某人某事（某方面） help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事
142 hope to do sth 希望做某事
143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing)
144 how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法
145 if : 是否＝wether
eg: I don't know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会
He don't know if (wether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达
146 if :如果，假如（全部接一般时态）＋条件语态从句
eg: I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain 假如明天不下雨，我就去泸州
If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他们要改变计划，他们会让我知道的
I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足够的钱，我就要去英国
147 in one's opinion = sb think 某人认为
148 in some ways 在某些方面
149 in the end = finally(adv) 最后
150 in the north of… 什么在什么的北方 （north 北 sowth 南 west 西 east 东 ）
151 in the sun 在太阳下
152 increase 增加
eg : They've increased the prece of petrol by 3% 他们把石油价增加了3% the population has increased from 12 million ten years ago to 18 million now 153 instead of +（名 ） 代替
eg: I'd like an apple instead of a pear 我想要苹果，而不要梨子
http://down.tingroom.com 外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com I like English instead of math 我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学
154 introduce sb to sb 介绍某人给某人 introduce oneself 自我介绍
155 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事
156 It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少时间
eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homework It takes me half an hour to cook 157 It's +adj +for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事怎么样
158 It's +adj +to do 做某事怎么样
159 It's +adj for sb 对于某人来说怎么样 It's +adj of sb 对某人来说太怎么样
160 It's +adj(for sb) to do（对某人来说） 做某事怎么样 It's +adj of sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事太怎么样
eg : It's nice of you to help me with my English
161 It's a good idea for sb to do sth 对…… 来说是个好主意
162 It's important to sb 对某人来说很重要 eg: It's important to me 163 It's time to do sth It's time for sth 到了该去做某事的时间
eg : It's time to have cla It's time for cla 该去上课了
164 join = take part in 参加
165 just now 刚才
166 keep +sb /sth +adj /介词短语 让什么保持什么样？
167 keep out 不让 …… 进入
168 keep sb adj 让……保持…… eg: I want to keep my mother happy keep healthy 保持健康
169 key to +名词 表示：某物的钥匙或某题的答案
170 key to… anser to … key 可以是答题或钥匙
171 laugh at… 取笑…… eg : Don't langh at others We langhed at the joke 172 learn by oneslfe 自学
173 learn from sb 向某人学习eg: We should learn from Lei Feng 174 learn to do sth 学做某事
175 let sb do sth 让某人做某事
176 Let sb down 让某人失望 eg ： We shouldn't let our farents down 我们不应该让我们的父母失望
177 live from :离某地远
http://down.tingroom.com 外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com 178 live in +大地方 /at +小地方 居住在某地 eg: I live in LuZhou She lives at XuanTan 179 look after = take care of 照顾 照看
180 lose one's way 谁 迷 路 eg : Lose your way 你迷路
181 make a decision to do sth 决定做某事
182 make friends with sb 和谁成为朋友 eg : I want to make friends with you 183 make it early 把时间定的早一点
184 make on exhibition of oneself 让某人出洋相
185 make sb /n +n 使什么成为什么 eg : I made her my step moller I made you my wife 186 make sb /sth +adj 使某人（某物）怎么样 eg : You must made your bed clean 187 make sb /sth adj 使某人/某物怎么样
188 make sb do sth 让某人做某事 eg : I made him write 我以前让他写
189 make up be made up of (被动语态）由……组成
190 make…difference to…
191 mind sb to do mind one's doing 介意……做什么
192 most +名 most of +代
193 much too +形容词 194 must be 一定 195 need +名词
196 need sb do sth 需要某人做某事 197 need to do (实义动词） need do (情态动词）
198 no /neithr of hate to do no /neithr of hate doing 199 no +名词
200 not anymore = no more 再也不…… eg: He didn't cry any more He cried no more 他再也不哭201 not… (形、副）at all eg: He's not tall at all she doesn't junp far at all
202 not…at all 一点都不
203 not…either 表否定，也不 eg : I don't japanse either I don't have sister, either 我也没有姐姐
204 not…until 直到……才……
eg: I didn't sleep until my mother came back The child didn't stop crying until I give her sugar 205 offer / provide sb with sth 给某人提供
206 offer sb sth ( offer sth to sb 提供什么东西给某人 eg : I offer you water (I offer water to you 我给你提供水
http://down.tingroom.com 外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com 207 on one's way to… 在谁去那的路上
208 on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面
209 on the phone = over the phone 用电话交谈
210 on time 准时 in time 及时
211 one day ＝some day ＝someday 一天，有一天
212 one of +可数名词的复数形式
213 one to another 一个到另一个
214 over and over agin 一遍又一遍的 eg : He cleaned the floor over and over agin 215 part-time job 兼职工作 fall-time job 全职工作
216 pay for… 付……钱 pay the bill 开钱 ，付钱
217 please +do 218 please help yourself 219 pleased with sb 220 pool into = pore into 221 practice +doing 练习做某事
222 prefer sth to sth 相对……更喜欢…… eg : I prefer physics to chemisty 在物理和化学中，我更喜欢物理
prefer doing to sth 更喜欢去做…不愿意去做… eg: He prefers riding a bike to diving 他更喜欢骑自行车，不开小车
prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做…也不愿
eg: My unde prefers to buy a now car rather than repaiv the used one 我叔叔更喜欢买新的车，也不去修旧车
prefer sb not to do sth 更愿意… eg: I prefer her not to come 我不喜欢她不来
223 pretend to do sth 装着去做什么 pretend that 从句
eg : The two cheats pretended to be working very hard 这两个骗子装着努力工作
He pretended that he did not know the answer 他装着不知道答案
224 rather…than 宁可……也不……
eg : I would rather be a doctor than a teacher 我愿肯当医生，也不当老师
He likes dogs rather than cats 他喜欢狗，不喜欢猫
225 regard…as 把……当作……
eg: Please give my best regards to your family 请带我向你的家人我最好的问候
http://down.tingroom.com 外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com I regard you as my friend 我把你当作我的朋友
He shows little regard for others 他不爱关心别人
226 remid sb about sth 提醒某人什么事 remid sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事
eg : he remids me about cooking (he remids me to cook 他提醒我做饭
227 remid sb of sth 使某人想起什么
eg : the pictures remind me of my school days 这照片使我想起了我的学校
the words that (which) the teacher talke to remind me of my mother 228 return sth to sb 还什么东西给某人
229 say to oneself 对自己说
230 say to sb 对某人说
231 sb spend somemoney on sth 花了多少钱在某事上
232 sb spend sometime with sb 花了多少时间陪谁
233 sb spend sometime(in) doing sth 花了多少时间做某事
234 sb with sb +is sb and sb +are
235 see sb do 看见某人做过某事 see sb doing 看见某人正在做某事
236 seem to do/be +adj 显得怎么样 eg : You seem to be tired You seem to be happy 237 send +sb sth 送给某人某物
238 send…to…把什么寄到哪里去？
239 shock 使……震惊 eg : Oh , It's only you ! You give me a shock 啊，是你呀！吓我一跳
240 show sb sth 向某人展示某物 eg : I show her the book.
241 show sb sth = show sth to sb 拿什么东西给某人看 eg: Show me your pen Show your pen to me
242 show sth to sb 向某人展示某物 eg : I show the book to her. 243 some…others… 一些……另一些……
244 start…with… 从……开始 begin…with… 从……开始
245 stay away from 远离……
eg : We're told to stay away from the animals whe visiting the zoo 当我们参观zoo 时，我们要远离动物
If you want to lose weight you'd better stay auay from the sweet food 徒工你想减肥，你最好远离甜食
246 stop doing 停下正在做的事
http://down.tingroom.com 外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com 247 stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
248 stop sb(from) doing 阻止某人做某事
249 stop to do 停下正在做的事去做下一件事
250 such +名 这样 ，这种
251 suit sb 适合某人
252 surprise sb 使某人惊奇 to one's surprise 令某人惊奇
253 take claes 上课
254 take sb to 把某人带去 eg : I take you to the hospital 255 take walks = take a walk ＝ go for a walk 散步
256 ①talk to 对谁说 eg : I talk to you ② talk with 和谁说 eg : I talk with him ③ talk of 谈到 eg : we talked of you ④ talk about 谈论关于…… 257 talk with sb 和某人说话
258 teach sb sth 教某人做某事
259 tell sb do sth 告诉某人做某事
260 tell sb sth tell sb that 丛句 tell sb not to do sth tell a story 261 tell sb sth 告诉某人某事
262 tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做什么 tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要做什么
263 tell…from… 264 thank you for +doing
265 the same +名词(doing)+as……
266 the same…(名)…as as…(adj adv)…as 相同
267 the way to do sth ＝ the way of doing st做某方面 的方法the way to +地方 去哪的路
e g :Do you know the way to learn English Do you know the way of learning English
268 the way to…（地点） 到哪的269 too…to… 太怎样而不能……adj +enough to 足够…能… so…that +丛句
eg: He is too young to go to school = He is so young that he can't go to school He is old enough to go to school ＝ He is so old that he can go to school 270 transalte ……into…… 把什么翻译成什么 eg : Trasalte English into chinese
271 travel with sb和某人去旅游272 try one's best to do sth尽某人最大的努力去做某事eg: I will try my best to learn English well 273 try to do sth 想干什么，但没成功 try doing sth 想干什么，已经做过了
http://down.tingroom.com 外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com eg ：He tried to climb 他想爬上去，但没成功 He tried climbing 他想爬上去，已经做过了
274 try…试衣服 have a try 试一下 275 turn down 开小 ←→ turn up 开大
276 turn off 关上 ←→ turn on 打开 open 拆开 277 upside down 倒着
278 visit to… 参观某个地方 279 wait for sb 等某人
1.宾语从句：
1.主句若是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况用适当时态。He says (that) he will have a walk soon.The teacherasks who is the cleverest in the school.I want to know who came here late this morning.2.主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用过去时。
He wondered if I would come.She told me that her son had got well.She said that she liked watching TV.We thought Jim was wrong.3.无论主句是何时态，从句若表客观真理，要用一般现在时。 Mr.Li said the moon is smaller than the earth.4宾语从句无论有何引导词，都要用陈述句语序。
Could you tell me when you will get back to Wuhan?（不是will you） Do you know which sweater she is wearing? (不是is she) 2.状语从句：
1主句若是一般将来时、祈使句或含不表过去的情态动词等，则if(如果), unle(除非)，when(当…的时候), as soon as(一…就…)，before, after, until, till, as(当…的时候)所引导的状语从句用一般现在时。
You may take a rest when you finish doing your work.I will call you up if I leave for Shanghai next week.Wait for your brother at the bus station until he arrives.2而主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用过去时，如： I would give the money to the charity if I had a million dollars.When he got to the park, his clamates had left.My son ran towards me as soon as he saw me on the street.3.定语从句：
关系代词who只指人，which只指物。that既可指人又可指物。whose 后必须跟有名词，既http://down.tingroom.com 外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com 指人，也可指物。关系词作主语时，不可省略，作宾语时可省略。whom只指人，只作宾语。关系副词where指“在那里”，when指“在那时”。 She is a girl who/that is beauti l and kind-hearted.She is a girl (who/whom/that) I know very well.That boy whosehair is very long is my brother.(所属) The girl whois tall is my sister./ I own a bike whoseprice is high.I bought a watch (which/that) I paid 100 yuan for.（指物） I prefer a place which/thatis clean and quiet.I prefer a place whereI can live a quiet life.（在这儿） I shall never forget the day whena boy helped me find my dog.4.wish和hope:1wish可接to do sth./sb to do sth./that从句.I wish to spend my summer holiday in Qingdao.I wish youto join my party this Sunday.I wish (that) I could be a scientist.2hope接to do sth.或that从句.但不接sb to do sth.I hope to receive a letter from you some day.I hope (that) everything goes well./I hope you will get well soon.5.thanks for和thanks to: Thanks for your helping me with the work.(表达对对方为自己做了某事的感谢，后无补充的结果。) Thanks to your suggestion, I didn’t make such mistakes.(表达感谢由于某方所做的有利的事，出现了后面的结果。) 6.感官动词用法之一：see, hear, listen to, watch, notice, feel等词，后接宾语，再接动词原形/ 动词ing, 分别表示全过程和正在进行。句中有频率词时，以上的词也常跟动词原形。 I heard someone knocking at the door when I fell asleep.(正进行) I heard someone knock at the door three times.(听的是全过程) I often watch my clamates play volleyball after school.(频率词) 若以上词用于被动语态，后面原有动词原形改为带to不定式： We saw him go into the restaurant with his wife.→ He was seen to go into the restaurant with his wife.7.感官动词用法之二：look, sound, smell, taste, feel可当系动词，后接形容词。He looks .It sounds good.The flowers smell beauti l.The sweets taste sweet.The silk feels soft.I felt tired.http://down.tingroom.com 外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com 这些动词不用于被动语态。The sweets are tasted sweet.是错误的。 注意：如果加介词like, 则后不可接形容词，而接名词或代词： He looks like his mother.That sounds like a good idea.It smells like a flower.
It tastes like salt.8.find和think部分用法: + 宾语 + 宾语补足语。(代替宾从) 宾补有以下情况：1.名词短语，John found his son a clever boy.2.形容词短语，Mrs.Smith thinks her husband kind of lazy.3.有时宾补后可接带to不定式，I found it hard to fool the girl.9.would like/want/feel like: 1 would like，和want类似：◇都可接名词短语：I would like/ want another three desks.◇都可接带to 不定式：I would like/ want to go out for a walk.◇都可接sb,然后再跟带to 不定式: I would like you to give me a hand.2 feel like: ◇后也可接名词短语：Do you feel like some tea? ◇后若接动词，须用动词ing形式：Do you feel like having a walk? I don’t feel like drinking tea.【feel like常用于疑问句或否定句中。】 10.词序易错的短语：1 形容词修饰不定代词或不定副词，形容词在后面。Is there anything delicious in the fridge? Nothing serious.
There is something wrong with the computer.I want to go somewhere warm.2 else修饰疑问词和不定代词、不定副词，也放在后面。 What else can you see in the picture?
Who else is in the room? Do you have anything else to say?
Where else can you see it? 3 enough修饰形容词和副词，enough 放在后面。 This sweater is cheap enough.Nemo is old enough to work.He ran fast enough to catch up with the dog.11.对“评价”、“天气”的提问之区别：1What do you think of …?=
How do you like …? “你对…怎么看？”(How…?句中有like，是动词。) 2What’s the weather like in…? = How is the weather in…?“…的天气什么样?”(What…?句中有like，是介词“像”。) 12.take, cost, pay, spend区别： 1 It + take + sb + some time + to do sth.
It took us half an hour to cut down the tree.2 物+cost+sb+钱: The bag cost me thirty yuan.(cost, cost, cost) http://down.tingroom.com 外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com
若cost后无sb, 则译作“价钱是”：The bag costs 30 Yuan.3 人+ pay +sb + 钱+ for sth: I paid the seller 200 Yuan for the bike.(pay, paid, paid).(pay后所加内容可视具体情况取舍。) 4 人 + spend + 时间/ 钱 + on sth / (in) doing sth.
The girl spent two hours (in) searching the Internet.
The girl always spends much money on her clothes.
spend 有时可指“度过”：spend holiday/ weekends/ winter 13.双宾结构：pa/ give/ teach/ offer/ lend/ send/ sell/ call/ show/buy/ ask/ tell/ build等可加双宾结构。即后接sb + sth.其中pa, give, offer, lend, send, sell, show等可接sth + to sb.buy, build等可接sth + for sb.另外，若sth是代词时，不用双宾结构。Please pa it to me.14.部分词作连词与介词：（连词接句子，介词接名词或代词） Keep care l when you are listening to the teacher.（连词） Keep care l when listening to the teacher.（介词） 类似的，while, than, before, after, as, since, until等。 如：I’ll wait until I hear from her.（连词） I’ll wait until next Friday.（介词）
15.动词ed与动词ing作形容词用法之一: 1.动词ed作形容词：表示被动或已发生,常作定语。The boy named Peter is my friend.那个叫做彼得的男孩是我的朋友。划线部分起修饰作用，下同。 He’s eating fried chicken.他在吃炸鸡。There is no time left.I have read a novel writtenby Lu Xun.我读了一部鲁迅写的小说。 He lives in a house builttwenty years ago.2.动词ing作形容词：表示正进行或功能，常作定语。
the ing boy, a running bus, the rising sun, a bus running on the road, the boy ing in the corner (正进行) a sitting room, the sleeping car, the bathing suit (功能) 16.动词ed与动词ing作形容词用法之二：和心理感受有关，但ed修饰人，ing常修饰物。I felt surprised at his words.How exciting the film is! / I want to go to a place which is relaxing.http://down.tingroom.com 外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com 17.动词ing和带to不定式作主语：
To be a teacher is my dream.
Working hard brings you succe.Taking care of our environment is very important.To plant trees makes me happy.（谓语用单数） Reading books gives you knowledge.(谓语用单数) Listening and writing are both difficult.(谓语用复数)
18.later / after / ago /before: 1later“…时间后”结构：时间段+later 常用于一般过去时。They went to Beijing five days later.(later单独在句尾，常用于将来时：I’ll see you later.)
2after“…时间后”结构：after+时间段，常用于一般过去时，和1相同。They went to Beijing after five days.(after也可加句子：I’ll send you an e-mail after I get home.
He found out the information after he had searched the Internet for thirty minutes.) 3ago“…时间前”结构：时间段+ago, 用于一般过去时。The Greens moved to Shanghai four weeks ago.(since +时间段+ago，主句用现在完成时) 4before 单独放在句尾，常用现在完成时：“以前” I have been to London before.He has seen the film before.(若是时间段+before, 则常用过去完成时，译为“…时间前”：
I had seen the film two weeks before.
We had found out the answer to the problem an hour before.) 19.四季：spring春；summer夏；autumn秋；winter冬；season季 20.月：January, 一月；February, 二月；March, 三月；April, 四月； May, 五月；June, 六月；July, 七月；August, 八月；September, 九 月；October, 十月；November, 十一月；December, 十二月。 21.星期：Sunday, 星期日；Monday, 星期一；Tuesday, 星期二； Wednesday, 星期三；Thursday, 星期四；Friday, 星期五； Saturday, 星期六。Sunday为第一天，Saturday为最后一天。
22.“也”：either, 用于否定句的末尾。also, 通常挨着动词，少用于句尾。too, 通常在句尾，前常有逗号。as well, 只用于句尾。 注意：后三个词都不用于否定句。
http://down.tingroom.com 外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com 23.带to不定式用法之一：带to不定式有逻辑宾语在前时，to后动词用及物动词，不及物时需加介词。The apples are too tall for the boy to reach./The zoo is not a good place for animals to live in.24.(a) little / (a) few: 1few，little“几乎没有；少”否定词。few加可数名词复数, little加不可数名词。2a few“一些”肯定词，加可数名词复数; a little“一些；一点”也是肯定词，加不可数名词。3另外，在too, very, so等词后用few, little; 在only, just, still等词后用a few, a little.而quite a few/ a little译为“很多”
25.及物动词+副词：put on/off/away/up/down/out; break off/down; turn on/off/up/down; get back;
use up; give away/out/up/back;
try out/on; ring/call up; let down; clean up/out; set up; think up;
hand in/out; fix up; work out; ;dre up;pick up;
help out; keep off/out/down
cut down; write down; wake up(叫醒); take off/away; sell out; look up/over; eat up; throw away/off 宾语是名词时，可放在中间或后边，是代词时只放在中间。 26.as……as用法：1和…一样… His room is as big as mine.He runs as fast as I /me.2as…as poible/sb can “尽可能…”
We went there as soon as poible.我们尽可能快地去了那儿。 Listen to the teacher as carefully you can.
3有些短语有几个意思：as soon as 和…一样快；一…就…；as much as和…一样多；多达；as long as和…一样长；长达；只要；as well as和…一样好；和…一样；as far as远达；就…来说；
27.prefer用法：prefer sth/doing sth to sth/doing sth比起…更喜欢… prefer to do sth rather than do sth宁愿…也不愿… prefer to do sth / prefer doing sth 更喜欢做某事
28.some-, any-, every-用法：1some-“某～，一些～”，用于肯定的陈述句中。I have something to tell you.Maybe somebody has taken it.若用于疑问句中表示期待对方肯定的回答或表示请求或建议.Why not ask somebody to help you? Shall we give him something to eat? What about some milk? Could you please lend me some chairs? 2any-, 在疑问句中仍译为“某～，一些～”Do you have anything to say？Is anybody in the house？在肯定句和否定句中译为“任何～”You may put the box anywhere in the room.He is taller than any other student in the cla.We don’t have anything to eat this morning.
3every-“每～”，强调所有，既包括此也包括彼。Is everybody here？-No，Tom and Lucy have asked for leave.The gla was broken, and the water went everywhere.29.动词时态和形式：八个时态：一般现在时、现在进行时(am/is/are + v.ing)、一般将来时(will/shall/be going to+动词原形)、一般过去时、过去进行时(was/were +v.ing)、现在完成时(have/has + v.过去分词)、过去完成时(had + v.过去分词)、过去将来时(would + v.原形)
六个形式：原形；过去式；过去分词；第三人称单数(加s/es)；现在分词(v.ing)；带to不定式。
http://down.tingroom.com 外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com 30.if/whether区别：if 如果(引导条件状从) / 是否(引导宾从) whether无论(引导让步状从) / 是否(引导宾从) 都译为“是否”时，whether可接or not, 也可接带to不定式。 if 则不可。另外，if可接any-单词，常不接some-单词。 If you have any water, please give me some.31.因为：because, 常是对why的回答，语气最强。
since, 位置：Since…，….Since it’s already late, I must go now.for, 位置：…，for….语气最弱。I drove carefully, for it’s snowing.as有时也指“因为”，用法基本无限制。 32.表推测：must, may, might, can, could, can’t must“一定”，可能性最大，常用于肯定句。 There is the door bell, it must be Tom.may / might“也许”一般用于肯定句， may比might可能性大。 She is coming to us.She might be our new teacher.can / could“可能”could比can语气更委婉。但can多用于否定。 You could be right, but I don’t think you are.
The light in the office is off.The teacher can’t be there now.
33.so与such区别：so是副词，后跟形容词/副词，so tall/slowly… such是形容词，后跟名词短语。such bad weather / good news…; such a beautiful girl / an important leon / a heavy stone…; such kind boys / new desks / friendly people / amazing movies…; 若名词前形容词是many, much, few, little时，不用such, 而用so.so many flowers / much rain / few friends / little water… 也常有“so / such …that…”句型，译为“如此…以致于…”。 34.so的另两个用法：1so + be/情态动词/助动词+主语，“…也” 上下文所指不是同一个人或物。The twins are working, so am I.I will stay up tonight, and so will Peter.以及对话形式：A: I woke up late this morning.B: So did I.2so + 主语 + be/情态动词/助动词，“的确…是”上下文所指是同一个人或物。A: We have lunch at school.B: So you do.http://down.tingroom.com 外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com 又如：A: Bruce can work out the problem.B: So he can.35.neither/nor用法之一：neither/nor+ be/情态动词/助动词+主语 “…也不”上文是否定句。She didn’t get well, nor did her brother.或对话形式：A: Jim hasn’t had breakfast.B: Neither have I.36.keep, make, get,have用法：
1keep + sb/sth doing sth “让…一直做…” I’m sorry for keeping you waiting so long.
keep + doing sth “坚持做某事”
2make + sb/sth do sth让…做某事I’ll try to make you understand what I mean.
I feel sorry that I have made him wait for long.3get + sb/sth to do sth.让…做某事。He got Peter to buy him a pen.4have + 宾语+ 动词原形 /ing /过去分词
Have him do it, please.让他做它吧。We had the machine working.我们让那台机器一直工作着。We had the machine repaired.我们让人修理了那台机器（让那台机器被修理了）。 5也都可接形容词：keep safe/busy,
keep the door closed/open, make us happy, get the door closed, have everything ready.37.used短语：used to + 动原，“过去常常”He used to smoke.be used to 译为“被用来…”，后接动原。It is used to cut things.be used to 译为“习惯于…”，后接动词ing或名词/代词.如：He’s used to working late./ We are all used to following others.be used for + 目的（名词或动词ing）如：
English is used for busine./Knives are used for cutting things.38.through/past/acro: 都可作介词，“穿过”前常有位移动词。 He climbed through the window and saw what he could take away.He went past me without saying any words.He swam acro the river.【through,内部; past,旁边; acro,表面。】 位移动词+ past 相当于动词pa; 位移动词+acro相当于cro.39.the number of / a number of: 前者“…的数量”；后者“许多的”
都跟可数名词复数。前者作主语，谓语用单数；后者作主语，谓语用复数。The number of the trees is two thousand.用单数is.A number of trees have been cut down.用复数have.http://down.tingroom.com 外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com 40.延续性动词：How long，since，for，(以上见84）until/till等所在肯定句中的主句谓语要用延续性动词。
How long may I keep this novel?
I’ve lived here since 2002.Let’s wait until he comes back..
但否定句中可用短暂性动词： I haven’t seen you for a long time.41.all/each/both/none/either/neither: 1All boys/All of the boys are from China.all 接可数复数，谓语也用复数。All of the water is polluted.若接不可数，谓语用单数。
2Each boy/Each of the boys has a different bag.
each接名词单数或接of + 限定词+复数，后谓语都用单数。
3Both of the twins are clever.后面谓语用复数。 4None of the students has/have been there before.none +of +限定词+复数, 谓语用单、复数都可。另见88 5-When shall we meet, Saturday or Sunday? -Either day is OK./ Either of the days is OK.
谓语用单数。 6-When shall we meet, Saturday or Sunday?
-Sorry, I have to look after my mother these two days.That is, neither time is OK./ neither of the days is OK.谓语用单数。
all/each/none分别指三者或更多中的“都”/ “每一个”/“没有一个”。both/either/neither两者中“都”/“任何一个”/“没有一个”
42.计量表达法：数量+单位+形容词。
The building is twenty meters tall./ The street is forty meters wide.The fish is five kilos heavy./ This baby is only six months old.若计量表达的后面跟有名词，则要用连字符，单位不用复数。 They dug an eight-meter-deep hole./.I bought a 10-kilo-heavy fish.It’s a piece of 2-meter-thick ice./ They built a 50-meter-wide street.It’s a two-month holiday.(此处计量中的形容词long可省略。) 43.Must I / May I / Need I …? 用法：1Must I …?我必须…吗？ A: Must I finish the work? B: Yes, you must./ No, you needn’t.2May I …?我可以…吗？A: May I go out for a walk now? http://down.tingroom.com 外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com B: Yes, you can./ No, you mustn’t/can’t.3Need I…?我有必要…吗？
A: Need I clean the house?
B: Yes, you must./ No, you needn’t.
44.hundred/thousand/million/billion: 前有具体数字，不加s及of.否则加s, 加of.如：thousands of trees; many millions of people.nine hundred people, ten thousand students等。但前若有several,后常不加s和of：several million pounds 45.反意疑问句(QT)部分用法:1something, nothing, anything, everything作主语，QT主语用it.Something is wrong, isn’t it? / Nothing is difficult, is it? 2I think Lucy can do well in the exam, can’t she? I don’t think he will come here on time, will he? QT要结合think后的从句而定。
3祈使句的QT一般用will you? 而Let’s …用shall we? Get up now, will you? Don’t be noisy, will you? Be quiet, will you?
Please don’t talk, will you? Let us do it now, will you? Let’s do it now, shall we? 4There be句型，QT主语用there.There is a man working in the field, isn’tthere? There used to be a meeting on Friday, didn’tthere? There won’t be a movie in the theatre, willthere?
46.put on, wear, dre, in: 1put on,“穿上”后接物。表行为，是短暂动词。You should put on your coat when you leave.2wear,“穿，穿着”后接物，表状态，是延续性动词。He always wears the yellow sweater in winter./I like wearing beautiful clothes.3dre, “给…穿衣”后接人。You can dre yourself, baby.Lucy is dreing her little brother now.be dreed in后常接具有某种特征的衣物。
The lady is dreed in a white skirt / white.可直接加表颜色的词。
4in, “穿着”后接具有某种特征的衣物，表状态，是介词，不可作谓语，可作状语。The woman in a white skirt is my teacher.Do you know the girl in a red coat? I’ve seen the boy in yellow.
http://down.tingroom.com 外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com 47.虚拟语气部分用法：在非真实条件句中要用虚拟语气，即if 从句中用一般过去时，而主句动词用would/should+动词原形，表示与现在相反的主观设想，也可以表示在说话人看来实现的可能性很小的情况。（注意：虚拟语气中的be动词都要用were.） If there were no air, people would die.(与现在事实相反) If I got rich, I would travel around the world.(可能性很小) 48.other/others/the other/the others/another: 1如果不特定指出哪一个，是泛指，“另一个”要用another, 后加可数名词单数。If you are still thirsty, you may have another cup of tea.（没特定指出哪一杯茶，是泛指。cup是单数。） another也可+数字+可数复数：The meeting will last another two hours./ We need another six desks.2如果只有两个或只有两部分，就给出了范围，其中另一个或另一部分是特指 (other前有the.)，有如下用法：
第一种，所说内容只有两个：
Mrs.Green has two sons, one is interested in math, the other (one / son) is good at science.【只有两个，用the other, 不加s, 后面名词可省略。】 又如：This pair of shoes is strange.One is blue, yet the other is green.这双鞋子很怪，一只蓝色，而另一只绿色。
第二种，只有两部分：此种情况下the other后接可数名词复数，或不接名词而只在the other后加s.Two fifths of the students in our cla are boys, the other students are girls / the others are girls.Two children went, but the others stayed.（其他孩子都留下了。） 3如果没有显示出只有两部分，未给出范围，则是泛指，不加the.Lei Feng liked helping other people / others.Have you any other questions? Alice didn’t like that dre, so she asked to see some others.4other的另一用法：用比较级的形式，体现最高级的含义。 He is taller than any other boy in his cla.(划线中boy用单数) = He is taller than all the other boys in his cla.(划线中boy用复数) 他比班里任何男孩都高（他是班里男孩中最高的）。
49.how long/how often/how soon/how far: 1how long 是对长度或时间段提问。How long is the river? -It’s 5,000 kilometers long.
How long have you lived there?
-For five months./ Since 2002.2how often是对频率提问，如：never, sometimes, often, usually, always, once a week, twice a day, three times a year, every day等。
How often do you watch TV?
-Every two days./ Twice a week.http://down.tingroom.com 外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com 【若只有次数，则用how many times 提问：
How many times do you watch TV a week? -Twice./ only once.】 3how soon 是对“in + 时间段”提问：
How soon will you return to Beijing?
-In a week./ In two days.4how far是对时间段’s + walk/ride/drive或计量表达提问。 -How far is it from your home to the school? -Five minutes’ walk./An hour’s ride./Thirteen minutes’ drive.或者说：It’s about 20 kilometers (far) away.（问和回答不同。） 50.分数表达：二分之一: half a/an 或a half.如：
half an hour= a half hour半小时 It’s half past seven.(省略冠词) 以下情况中，分子(基数词)若超过一，分母(序数词)需加s： 三分之一: a /one third 三分之二: two thirds 四分之一: a/one fourth 或a/one quarter 四分之三: three fourths或three quarters.五分之一: a/one fifth
五分之二: two fifths 其它类推。 若分数所在of短语作主语，谓语依of后的名词而定：
Two fifths of the students are on time.(指名词复数时，谓用复) Two fifths of the land is polluted.（指不可数时，谓用单）
51.到达：1get to + 地点 get to Shanghai/London/China 接地点副词时，不带to.get there/home/here.2arrive in+大地点(Beijing/Zhengzhou)，arrive at+小地点(school/hospital)， arrive只作不及物动词。所以也可单独用：Please ring me up when you arrive.reach只作及物动词，后直接加地点：reach Beijing/England 但常不说reach home/there/here.52.感叹句：What + 名词短语+主语+谓语！
What lazy boys (they are)! What hard work! What good news! What a good idea!
What bad weather (it is)!
What a pity! How +形容词 / 副词+ 主语+ 谓语！
How hard the work is!
How fast he runs!
How rude you are! http://down.tingroom.com 外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com How carefully they are listening!
How bad the weather is! 53.because/ instead / out等与加of的区别： 1because 后接句子，because of 接名词或代词。 He didn’t come because he was ill./ because of his illne.2instead是副词，单独在句尾。instead of 还要接名词或代词。 We didn’t have rice, we had noodles instead./ instead of it.3out 副词，可单独用，但若接地点，先加of.（也可作介词， “向…外”，可不加of.一般不要求掌握。) He went out early.或He went out of the house early.54.too much, too many与much too: much too“过于”，加形容词或副词原级。much too big/slowly等。 too much“太多的”，加不可数名词。too much work/rain等。 too many“太多的”，加可数复数。too many books/people等。 55.alone / lonely: 1alone,“独自一人；单独”不含感情色彩。 可当形容词，但只在系动词后作表语：Jack is alone.杰克是单身。 The old woman is alone in the house.那位老妇一个人在屋里。 可当副词，修饰动词：She lives alone.她独居。
Can you move the stone alone? 你能独自搬动那块儿石头吗？ Dick is walking on the beach alone.狄克独自在海滩漫步。 （注意：不可说very alone.但可说very much alone.是特例） 2lonely, “孤独的；寂寞的”带有伤感色彩。只当形容词。 可在系动词后作表语：The old man is lonely.这位老人是孤独的。
He has many relatives, but he feels lonely.他有很多亲戚，但感到孤独。（lonely 和心理感受有关，而alone和心理感受无关。） 也可在名词前作定语：a lonely person一位孤独的人 a lonely village一个偏僻的村庄 （alone不可作定语） 56.belong to与be: This suit belongs to me /Lucy /my brother.(人) This suit is mine /Lucy’s /my brother’s /hers.（某物是某人的）
57.by常见用法：1“通过”I study English by memorizing grammar.
You can know it by looking it up in a dictionary.He travels by bike.http://down.tingroom.com 外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com 2“截止到”Will you finish the task by tomorrow? The train had left by the time he got there.3“被”This novel was written by Lu Xun.4“经过”He paed by me without noticing me.
5“在……旁边”Sit by me.
They are playing by the river.
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