3.现在进行时
表示现在正在进行的动作。
构成: be动词+动词分词doing (必背)
表示状态,思想,感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作
(1) 表示感觉,感官的词
see, hear, like, love, want,
(2) have, has当”拥有”讲时没有进行时。
I’m having my lunch.(√) I’m having a book.(Х)
4.现在完成时
构成:助动词have, has+过去分词
用法:
1) 表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作,常和just, usually, already, since等
时间副词连用
He has had a cup of tea.(不渴了,不用再喝)
The boy has already read the book.(已经知道书的内容了,不用再看了)
2) 询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时:
Have you finished your homework?
Have you been to Beijing?
3) 表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作
I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.
I have worked for this school for 1 year.
4) 表示一种经历,经验:去过…地方,做过…事情,经历过…事情I have never had a bath.
I have never seen a film.
Have been to表示去过,have gone to 表示去了
I have been to London.(人已经回来)
He has gone to London.(人还在那里)
5) 表示一种结果, 一般不和时间副词联用
I have lost my pen.
I have hurt myself.
句型变化:
★变疑问句将助动词移到句首,变否定句在助动词后面加not.
e.g.Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, I have.No, I have not.
★特殊疑问句:
What have you done?
What has he done?
一般过去时与现在完成时的区别:
凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时
注意:有些动词表示的动作有一个终点,不能再延续,因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用 错:I’ve left Beijing for 3 days.
对:I left Beijing 3 days ago.I have been away from being for 3 days.