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英语读写范文(精选多篇)

发布时间:2022-07-18 18:01:30 来源:其他范文 收藏本文 下载本文 手机版

推荐第1篇:英语读写读书笔记

Title :Don’t forget to make time for yourself

Author(s) /Date of acce /URL (or Resources):Unknown

ArticleDo you feel busy with things to do but feel like you don’t get enough “personal” time ?There are so many things that can keep us occupied; such as career, family and friends.Although your responsibilities may sometimes seem overwhelming, you can create more time for yourself.It is important to create some “me time”.If you’d like to carve out a piece of your life just for you, take a look at these ideas and inspirations.

1.Consider arising an hour earlier in the morning.

Even if you’re not sure this method will work for you, try it just a few days a week.Mornings can be quiet and interruption-free, which make them an ideal time to indulge in your favorite activities.? Try reading a good novel for an hour, practicing meditation, or even doing artwork.You’ll feel nourished if you engage in some of these pleasures without phones ringing or someone needing your attention.

2.Use your evenings just before bed.

If you have young children, perhaps you can put them in bed a couple of hours before you retire for the night.Late evening can be ideal for capturing some personal time.Although you might normally use that time to complete chores or other preing activities, consider making at least one night a week sacred and uninterruptable.This evening is just for you to enjoy your personal activities.

3.For those who love to read, don’t leave home without your current book.

You’ll be surprised at the minutes you can capture throughout a day to read a page or two.If you’re allowed some 15 minute breaks at work, but often don’t take them, try using some of them to catch up on your reading.Riding public transportation can also bring opportunities to read during your commute to and from work.

4.Train yourself to find and appreciate visual beauty wherever you are.

Perhaps you often hurry from place to place or task to task.In doing so, you may mi noticing something beautiful right in front of you.Make a point of savoring the richne of nature.For example, during your walk to the public transportation area, maybe flowers, bushes, and trees surround you.Perhaps you hear birds calling or feel the warm sun on your skin.Growing plants provide one of nature’s greatest shows.Watch as they change throughout the seasons.

5.Use technology to find time for yourself.

If you’re a technology aficionado, you most likely have discovered the many ways of gaining personal time through technology.Use your favorite gadget to listen to music, hear a podcast, or view a short video.This will help you capture personal time throughout your day.You can learn a foreign language or delve into various other subjects using your mp3 player or smart phone.

6.Talk with your partner.

Being part of a loving partnership can be helpful when looking to find some personal time.Talk with your partner about your need to find more personal time to pursue activities that interest you.Negotiate a couple of hours weekly to do whatever your heart desires.Agree that your partner gets an equal amount of personal time as well.You’ll both be pleased with the mutual arrangement for more “me time.” You can help protect each other’s sacred time from interruptions, and give each other the gift of better quality time alone.

7.Get a babysitter.

Single parents can call on a friend, family member or neighbor to trade babysitting for a few hours a week.An agreement like this one ensures you’ll receive your special time each week and so will your friend, family member or neighbor.Making time for your needs might not seem easy at first.However, with some planning and creative thinking, you can capture a few hours a week to engage in activities you truly enjoy.Consider the ideas above as you pursue your personal time.After all, you deserve it!

Ⅰ.Information about your reading

The reasons why you selected the article (≥20 words)

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

The amount you spent reading the article __________________________________________

Ⅱ.Comments on the article

ⅰ.Note down five useful words you learned from your reading and translate them into Chinese.

1.overwhelming2.carve out3.interruption-free 4.chore 5.__

ⅱ.Note down five useful expreions you learned from your reading and make one sentence for each expreion.

1.(useful expreion and translation)_____________________________________________(sentence you made)________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

2.(useful expreion and translation)_____________________________________________(sentence you made)________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

3.(useful expreion and translation)_____________________________________________(sentence you made)________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

4.(useful expreion and translation)_____________________________________________(sentence you made)________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

5.(useful expreion and translation)_____________________________________________(sentence you made)________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

Ⅲ.Choose any one among the four topics to finish a short paragragh more than 60 words, including at least half of the words and expreions mentioned in the two parts above.a.What are the strengths and weaknees of the article?

b.What is the part of the article that had the greatest impact on you? Why?

c.Is the writing effective, powerful, peaceful or beautiful?

d.What new facts did you learn that you hadn’t known before?

e.If you could talk to the author, what would you say?

f.What did you learn about yourself as a result of reading this article?

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

推荐第2篇:英语读写读书笔记

Title :

Don’t forget to make time for yourself

Author(s) /Date of acce /URL (or Resources):

Unknown Article

Do you feel busy with things to do but feel like you don’t get enough “personal” time ? There are so many things that can keep us occupied; such as career, family and friends.Although your responsibilities may sometimes seem overwhelming, you can create more time for yourself. It is important to create some “me time”.If you’d like to carve out a piece of your life just for you, take a look at these ideas and inspirations.1.Consider arising an hour earlier in the morning.Even if you’re not sure this method will work for you, try it just a few days a week.Mornings can be quiet and interruption-free, which make them an ideal time to indulge in your favorite activities.? Try reading a good novel for an hour, practicing meditation, or even doing artwork.You’ll feel nourished if you engage in some of these pleasures without phones ringing or someone needing your attention.2.Use your evenings just before bed.If you have young children, perhaps you can put them in bed a couple of hours before you retire for the night.Late evening can be ideal for capturing some personal time.Although you might normally use that time to complete chores or other preing activities, consider making at least one night a week sacred and uninterruptable.This evening is just for you to enjoy your personal activities.3.For those who love to read, don’t leave home without your current book.You’ll be surprised at the minutes you can capture throughout a day to read a page or two.If you’re allowed some 15 minute breaks at work, but often don’t take them, try using some of them to catch up on your reading.Riding public transportation can also bring opportunities to read during your commute to and from work.4.Train yourself to find and appreciate visual beauty wherever you are.Perhaps you often hurry from place to place or task to task.In doing so, you may mi noticing something beautiful right in front of you.Make a point of savoring the richne of nature.For example, during your walk to the public transportation area, maybe flowers, bushes, and trees surround you.Perhaps you hear birds calling or feel the warm sun on your skin.Growing plants provide one of nature’s greatest shows.Watch as they change throughout the seasons.5.Use technology to find time for yourself.If you’re a technology aficionado, you most likely have discovered the many ways of gaining personal time through technology.Use your favorite gadget to listen to music, hear a podcast, or view a short video.This will help you capture personal time throughout your day.You can learn a foreign language or delve into various other subjects using your mp3 player or smart phone.6.Talk with your partner.Being part of a loving partnership can be helpful when looking to find some personal time.Talk with your partner about your need to find more personal time to pursue activities that interest you.Negotiate a couple of hours weekly to do whatever your heart desires.Agree that your partner gets an equal amount of personal time as well.You’ll both be pleased with the mutual arrangement for more “me time.” You can help protect each other’s sacred time from interruptions, and give each other the gift of better quality time alone.7.Get a babysitter.

Single parents can call on a friend, family member or neighbor to trade babysitting for a few hours a week.An agreement like this one ensures you’ll receive your special time each week and so will your friend, family member or neighbor.Making time for your needs might not seem easy at first.However, with some planning and creative thinking, you can capture a few hours a week to engage in activities you truly enjoy.Consider the ideas above as you pursue your personal time.After all, you deserve it! Ⅰ.Information about your reading The reasons why you selected the article (≥20 words) ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

The amount you spent reading the article __________________________________________

Ⅱ.Comments on the article

ⅰ.Note down five useful words you learned from your reading and translate them into Chinese.1.overwhelming

2.carve out 3. interruption-free 4. chore 5. __

ⅱ.Note down five useful expreions you learned from your reading and make one sentence for each expreion.1.(useful expreion and translation) _____________________________________________

(sentence you made) ________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2.(useful expreion and translation) _____________________________________________

(sentence you made) ________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3.(useful expreion and translation) _____________________________________________

(sentence you made) ________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4.(useful expreion and translation) _____________________________________________

(sentence you made) ________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5.(useful expreion and translation) _____________________________________________

(sentence you made) ________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

Ⅲ.Choose any one among the four topics to finish a short paragragh more than 60 words, including at least half of the words and expreions mentioned in the two parts above.a.What are the strengths and weaknees of the article?

b.What is the part of the article that had the greatest impact on you? Why? c.Is the writing effective, powerful, peaceful or beautiful? d.What new facts did you learn that you hadn’t known before? e.If you could talk to the author, what would you say?

f.What did you learn about yourself as a result of reading this article? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

推荐第3篇:英语读写作业

凌晨一点二十,飞机降落在巴黎,机场外面下着大雪,一起前行的朋友中有两个年龄大的已经开始发烧,还有几个不会说英语的焦急的找着什么,其余人在坐了二十多小时的飞机后,困得无精打采。我却兴奋的手舞足蹈。因为这是我第一次出国,第一次去了我梦想已久的欧洲。我蹦蹦跳跳的到了宾馆,准备睡觉时才突然发现,我忘记了戴隐形眼镜保养液。无奈之下,我只能戴着眼镜睡了一晚。第二天一大早,我就满大街转着找眼镜店,好不容易在不知道走了多少个小巷后,找到了一家,进去以后,我就傻眼了,全是各种各样的眼镜,但是找不到一瓶液体,服务小姐很热情的用法语不知道跟我在说什么。我却不知道该怎样表达眼镜液

One twenty in the morning, the plane landed in Paris, under the snow outside, there are two older has a fever,there are a few boys who do not speak English found what they want anxiously, and there are some people lethargy after sitting twenty hours of plane, However, I was so exciting because this is my first time abroad and the first time I went to Europe where I always dreamed of.I bounce to the hotel, ready to sleep when suddenly find that I forgot to take contact

lens care solution.In desperation, I can only sleep one night wearing glaes.Early

optical shops after I next morning, I found Countle alley.I a was croed

dumbfounded when I saw all kinds of glaes, but can not find a bottle of liquid, the waitre is very enthusiastic with the French and I did not know how to expre contact lens care solution.I said:” I want to buy a bottle of glaes caring water” and I figured my eyes embarraingly.The witre gave me a Glaes cleaning fluid and I used it for Storing contact lenses.Eyes were stinging tears when I put the contact lenses in my eyes.Finally, I had to buy a new pair of glaes with my influent English.Since then, I began frantically learning English and understanding the culture of every country.I think we should become an international standard in today\'s era of globalization So as to better see the world, our life easy

她的下巴总是微微下含着,贴在蓝白相间的丝巾上,看上去甚至有些妩媚,头发顺从的躺在紫白格子呢子大衣上,显得的有些安详。中等身材,四十岁模样。当她那一双炯炯有神的大眼睛盯在手中拿的作业的时候,双唇紧闭,认真而又严肃。可是当这双明亮的眼镜看着我们的时候。嘴角总能露出慈祥的微笑。她的声音总让我想起美国百老汇的喜剧演员,磁性中带给我们欢笑,抑扬顿挫,高低起伏,就像清晨的鸟儿,总是鸣唱的那么动听。我很喜欢听她讲一些她自己的故事,像看到一个专注的演员用夸张的表情演绎一个特别生动的电影场景,手上下挥动着,眉毛锁在一起,嘴一撅的样子,可爱极了。她讲课的时候也很神情并茂,让我们很容易就跟着她,但我总觉得她的英语带点宁夏味,感觉又亲切,又奇怪!呵呵。。这就是我有史以来见过最可爱的英语老师!李女士!

Her chin always down slightly, attached to the blue and white scarves, looks

the some charming.Her black and hair submiively lie on

build, white plaid woolen coat, looks very serene.Medium forty-year-old looks like.When her piercing eyes fixed on the student’s work on her hand, her lips closed, serious and solemn.However,

when this bright eyes look at us, kind of smile is often exposed mouth.Her voice always reminds me of Broadway\'s American comedian, full

magnetic and self-aured,

bringing us laughter, like

morning Magpies’s song is

love to listen to her own story, just of always a always so pleasant.I’d like to see a dedicated actor with exaggerated facial

expreions and vivid interpretation of a particular movie scene, with the waving hands, locking eyebrows, and pouting, very cute! When she lectures to us, it’s easy for us to follow her, but I always feel a little Ningxia taste in her English, a little intimate and a little strange! Oh..This is the most lovely English teacher I ever seen! Ms.Lee!

推荐第4篇:英语高效读写计划

听说读写,构建和谐高效初中英语课堂

摘要:听、说、读、写是英语四项基本技能。作为初中英语教师,要吸取新的教学理念,探索新的教学方法,着重培养学生听说读写的英语实用能力,使学生乐学、爱学、自主探究和创新,立足教育,开拓视野,提高学生的英语素养和水平,打造全新、和谐、高效的初中英语课堂。

关键词: 初中英语

听说读写

课堂

教学

鲁讯先生说:必需如蜜蜂一样,采过许多花,才能酿出蜜来。用在英语教学中,也是如此。教师要引导学生在英语的海洋里吸取营养,多听,多读,才能开口说,动手写。只有视野的开阔,知识的丰富累积,才能灵活运用,提高综合英语水平。那么,教师应该如何让听说读写真正渗透到初中英语教学课堂呢?本文笔者根据现存的问题提出自己的教学观点:

一、学会听英语

“听”是培养学生说、读、写等英语技能的基础,英语课程新标准要求着重培养学生的听力理解能力。目前,我们的听力教育存在很多问题。对于初中生来讲,由于掌握的词汇量不足,听力中所遇到的生词多,往往不知所云,听时不解其意;有时语速过快,更不知道所说为何;很多学生语音根底薄弱,不能很好的把握和辨认单词的正确发单、语调、连续、重音等,听得胡里胡涂,不能很好领悟所听到的信息。

这就要求教师在教学过程中,要针对学生的现状和存在的问题,更新教学模式。其一,要重视日常教学中的听力训练,培养学生听的习惯。教师在课堂上要用英文讲课,再加上必要的表情和肢体语言,吸引学生的注意力,锻炼他们对英语的感知、想象和接受能力。其二,要加强对语音、语法、语汇等方面的基础教学,扩大学生的词汇量,加强在听力技能方面的强化训练,把好音标关,打好语音基础。其三,应对中考听力考试,重视培养学生听力解题的技巧和能力。教会学生在听力前先浏览习题中的有用信息,在听的时候,联系上下文,抓住要点和重点,捕捉和问题相关的正确信息,有利于锻炼学生的集中注意力和筛选有用信息的能力。

二、开口说英语

如何鼓励学生开口说英语,营造良好的语言环境和学习氛围,杜绝“哑巴英语”的现象,让英语成为一门有意义的交流工具,是值得英语教师探讨的重要课题之一。由于小学时对口语的训练不够重视,造成很多学生口语发音不标准、不顺畅;有的学生英语笔试成绩很好,口语却很糟糕;还有的学生不喜欢主动发言,不敢开口说英语,或是心里能想到,但语言却表达不出来。久而久之,学生对口语不兴趣,一说起来就紧张,不能很流利的表达。

教师要做到:

1、激发兴趣,让学生“敢说”。有了兴趣,有有信心,有敢开口说出来。敢说、自信心强的学生英语口语最好。教师要采取多种方式,利用初中生的好奇心,寻找学生感兴趣的、具有挑战

和辩论性的话题,让学生有话可说,乐于开口,并适时给于肯定和表扬,增强学生的信心。

2、创设情境,让学生“多说”。在学生树立起对口语信心的基础上,让学生“触景生情”,去多练多说。利用生动活泼的教学方式,创设教学情境,例如在教室布置上尽量英语化、设立”英语角“、组织开展英语口语竞赛活动等。

3、提高技巧,让学生“会说”。教师要注重培养学生养成良好的口语技巧,在整体掌握课文的基础上,注重大量的言语输入,把注意力放在能流利的说出来上。

三、用心读英语

阅读是提高学生语言能力的必经之路,阅读教学在初中英语教学中起着举足轻重的作用,它要求学生掌握语音、语法知识及丰富的词汇量,提高阅读理解能力。当前教学方法中存在的问题有:教学方法模式化,只注重知识和文章的表层解析,没有挖掘更深层次的意义;阅读前简单处理生词,忽视了词汇在文章中的特定含义,没有提供让学生通过上下文去猜测联想词义的机会;不能提供丰富全面的阅读资料,使学生的获取知识的途径有所局限;对语法的把握不当,要么过多的偏重语法教学,要么过分忽视语法,阻碍了学生对阅读材料正确和全面的理解,不能领悟文章的内涵信息等。

教师要改变教学模式:

1、以课文为基础,精读和泛读紧密结合。教师要吃透课文,对课内的教学内容、要求、方法等了然于心,并提供广泛多样、趣味性强的阅读题材。另外,单凭书本提供的阅读材料,不能满足学生的阅读需求,教师应要求学生课内精读和课外泛读,定时定量广泛阅读课外相关的资料,并注重阅读质量,扩充学生的语言知识。

2、精讲多练,整体教学。在课堂教学中,对于基础知识,要分清主次,抓住重点。讲解要精,才能以点带面,才可能多练。另外,要从整体入手,先训练学生通过预习了解全文的大概内容,寻找文章要旨,然后再通过习题来检测学习效果,能提高学生自主学习的能力。只有注重教学整体过程,才能确保教学实效。

3、提高阅读策略和技巧。教师要有意识的引导这生运用阅读策略和方法进行学习,对学生进行阅读策略引领,针对不同题材的文章寻求略读、找读、细读等方法,让学生由“学读”到“会读”,最终提高阅读能力和综合运用语言能力的技巧。

4、灵活处理词汇,加强文章挖掘。教师要依据学生的实际认知水平,对词汇教学把握好一个“度”,根据实际情况来实施教学方法,给学生猜测词义的机会和提高词汇学习的能力。并要引导学生主动从文章的意义和语言本身挖掘更深层的涵意,帮学生解读文章,更全面的悟透文章。

四、动手写英语

英语写作能全面反映学生灵活运用英语的能力,但对绝大多数初中生而言,写作水平欠缺,不能做到文句通顺、逻辑合理、语法正确;又因为没有良好的运用语言的环境,对英语作文话题生疏,无从下笔。

教师不可操之过急,应循序渐近,从学生的词、句、篇练习入手,打好写作基本功;再引导学生多读多练,以读促写,以练助写,鼓励学生阅读多种题材的范文,选取所学教材、生活中或课外阅读中等有关话题进行写作,让学生有话可说;作文写好后一定要做好批改和讲评,让学生之间自评,互评,再由老师进行点评,及时纠正文章中出现的错误,加深学生印象。

结论:中学英语教学大纲讲英语教学的目的是“对中学生进行听、说、读、写的基本训练,培养学生口头书面上初步运用英语的能力”。由此可以看出:说的出、读的精、写的妙,方才是英语教育的真谛。教师要创新思维,改革教学模式和方法,使听说读写协调发展,打造有效的课堂教学。

推荐第5篇:《研究生英语读写》试题

考试时间:2014年1月7日下午2:30-4:30

2013-2014学年第一学期期末考试2013级

《研究生英语读写》试题

Section A(请将题号1— 35 题的答案用2B铅笔涂在答题卡上)

Part I.Reading Comprehension (30%)

Directions: There are 3 paages in this part.Each is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

Part II.Vocabulary (10%)

Directions: There’re 20 incomplete sentences, for each one there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the most appropriate to complete them.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line in pencil through the center.课后练习

Part IIITranslation (20%)

Directions: Translate the following sentences from Chinese to English and English to Chinese.

5个英语句子,5个汉语句子,都是课文里的

Part IVWriting (10%)

写推荐信或者简历,注意课后应用文

推荐第6篇:英语读写教学设计

英语读写教学设计

“读写”在英语学习过程中,是相互依赖、相互促进的,首先我们要明白“读写”的作用,要提高写作能力就必须坚持大量的阅读,最好的资料就是学生学习的英语课本,作为最好的范文。从阅读到写作,是培养学生写作的能力的一个重要方法和途径。一个好的阅读前设计可以让学生有更大的阅读动机,充分发挥学习的主动性、积极性。

读——培养学生的朗读习惯

现在很多小学的朗读,读起来朗朗上口,有些学生的甚至都可以倒背如流了,但是在朗读时漫不经心,出现很严重的问题“滑句”,也就是我们所说的“假读”现象。有的学生的朗读根本就是机械的应付,没有节奏、和语速,发音不到位,无停顿等。为此教师要对症下药,转变教学方法,一个好的阅读前设计可以让学生有更大的阅读动机,充分发挥学习的主动性、积极性。阅读前设计可以采用多种方式,教师应该根据阅读文章本身的特点和内容采用多种多样的活动。

1、显示课文主标题,和部分重要信息,让学生猜想课文内容,增加新鲜感,提高学生的积极性。

2、通过主题,点明作者的教学思路,进一步分析,加深印象。

3、通过内容展示,激励学生的内容猜测,并加以鼓励。

4、朗读过程中、充分让学生理解朗读含义和作用。 同时多设置一些故事性的阅读材料,应该用最简练的语言来说名故事讲述了什么,不能拖泥带水,而且最好讲述该故事的启示或道理。总之,“读”不仅仅是倒背如流就是好的,要让学生理解,不要去走“机械流”,只有真正的“读”才能过渡到“写”。

写——培养学生良好的书写习惯

“写”是加深记忆最好的办法,也是“读”的深入,听不如读,读不如写,俗话说“读十篇文章,不如写一篇文章。”充分说明了写的重要性,让学生根据课文进行改写、缩写、仿写,最好是写体会,让学生不至于写作内容匮乏,是学生有话可写。

1、连词成句、遣词造句。

2、连句成段、默写听写。

3、英汉互译、写摘要。

4、改写、缩写、仿写。

总而言之,按课文内容进行改写、续写、缩写、扩写和写体会等,不至于习作内容空泛,使学生有话可写,也不如想象的那样高不可攀,学生们看到自己也能和作家似的产生灵感,写出心得,便可增强自信心,获得成就感和满足感。从而激发学生阅读的兴趣,调动学生学习的积极性,充分挖掘学生的潜力,更快、更有效地提高学生的阅读与写作能力,全面提高英语教学质量和水平。

推荐第7篇:小学英语读写课说课稿

说课稿是为进行说课准备的文稿,它不同于教案,教案只说“怎样教”,说课稿则重点说清“为什么要这样教”。下面是关于小学英语读写课说课稿,欢迎阅读。

一、说教学内容

今日我说课的内容是人民教育出版社出版的PEP Primary English Book IV Unit 6 At a Farm.的第一课时,主要学习sheep, lamb, goat, cow, horse, hen六个新词..二、说教材

本节课是单词教学。它是在同学们初步学习了句型“How many……do you have?之后进行教学的。通过学习新词,感知句子What are they? They are….How many….为下节课的教学打下基础。本课时容量大,但难度不大,并受到同学们的喜爱.三、说教学目标

《英语课程标准》指出:激发和培养同学们学习英语的兴趣,使同学们树立自信心,养成良

好的学习习惯和形成有效的学习策略,发展同学们自主学习的能力和合作精神是小学英语教学的基本任务。在认真分析教材的基础上,我针对同学们实际,将本课时的教学目标及重,难点确定如下:

1、知识目标

(1) 使同学们能听、说、认、读sheep, lamb, goat, cow, horse, hen等单词。

(2) 初步感知:“What are they? They are….How many….How many……”等句子,同学们能听懂并理解其意思.。

2、能力目标:

(1) 能听懂Let’s do中的指令并做出相应动作.,如Shear a sheep.(2) 能区分农场的动物, 培养同学们灵活运用所学知识进行交流的能力.

3、情感目标

(1) 培养同学们注意观察、认真模仿的良好习惯和主动竞争的竟识。

(2) 激发同学们学习英语的兴趣,使同学们树立学习英语的自信心。

(3) 培养同学们的合作交流能力。

四、说教学重点

学习新词sheep, lamb, goat, cow, horse, hen, 能正确认读.。

五、说教学难点

1.培养同学们合作学习的能力.,同时注意培养同学们学习英语的兴趣, 树立自信心。

六、说教学准备

教师准备新旧单词卡片、录音机、磁带、流动小红旗、写句子的纸条、挂图。

七、说教法、学法

为了突破这堂课的重、难点,根据小同学们好奇、好胜、好动、模仿力强、表现欲旺盛等生理和心理特点,我主要采取了以任务型教学模式为主,以活动,合作为主线,让同学们在教师的指导下,通过感知、体验、实践、参与和合作、游戏感悟等多法并用的方式组织教学。彻底改变传统的“授—受”的教学模式,促进语言实际运用能力的提高。

八、说教学过程

(一)歌曲导入,激发同学们学习的兴趣

教育家托尔斯泰说过:“成功的教学所必须的不是强制,而是激发同学们的兴趣,兴趣是推动同学们学习的强大动力,是同学们参与教学活动的基础。激发同学们参与学习的兴趣,是新课导入的关键。Well begun, half done.精彩的课堂开头,往往给同学们带来新意、亲切的感觉,不仅能使同学们迅速地兴奋起来,而且还会使同学们把学习当成一种自我需要,自然地进入学习新知的情景。

因此,在热身的时候,首先让同学们分角色演唱歌曲:“Old MacDonald had a farm”,这样的导入能很快吸引住同学们,同时还渲染了同学们学习英语的良好气氛。

(二)自由会话,促进语言实际运用能力的提高

同学们在一个平等尊重的氛围中,他们的思维是放松的,敢于说、敢于参与教学。教师要真心诚意地把同学们当成学习的主人,努力提高“导”的艺术,从而在教学中恰到好处地去启发、点拔、尽可能地给同学们多一点思考的时间,多一点活动的余地,多一点表现自己的机会,这样才能使课堂氛围充满活力。因此,我在这个环节与同学们进行了朋友式的会话。It’s time for cla.Are you ready ? Hello ! Boys and girls.How are you ? Nice to meet you.? 不仅复习了旧知识,还渲染了学习英语的良好气氛。

(三)呈现新知,合作互动。

在小学英语课堂中使同学们保持一种积极的紧张感,能够激发他们学习的外部动机,引发他们一系列的自主活动,促进外部动机向内部动机的转化。Today, we are going to learn“Unit 6.At a Farm.”.I’ll divide you into four groups .Which one is best, they’ll get the flag, OK? Now, Let’s start.于是我提出问题Do you like animals.引入学习主题,并通过挂图和音乐创设情景Let’s go to a farm.There are many animals自然引入新词的学习。在呈现新知时,我尤其注意了小同学们形象思维优于抽象思维的特点,通过对比,听音,看动作等不同的方式引出新词,给同学们以深刻的第一印象。游戏所带来的乐趣会使每一位参与者保持一种积极的心态。游戏是儿童学习的一种重要途径,也是激发同学们学习兴趣的最佳方法。正如苏霍姆林斯基指出:“如果用思考、情感、创造、游戏的光芒来照亮儿童的学习,那么学习对于儿童来说是可以成为一件有趣的事情”。因此,在操练时,我首先进行了一些机械的练习,如:“Listen, point and repeat.”听音、指词、跟读,“Look and Gue”看口形、猜单词。同时,我更注意抓住小同学们好动的特点,辅以全身反应法,如模仿动物的叫声,或与之相关的动作(挤牛奶)等有趣的活动,充分激发同学们学习的兴趣。同时在学习生词时感知句型,做到“词不离句,句不离词”,重视对同学们思维,观察能力的培养,特别是对同学们合作学习能力的培养,让同学们们们在师生,生生,小组等不同的合作方式中,学会倾听,学会评价,为同学们的终身学习奠定基础。

(四)课堂总结,及时评价。

通过对知识的小结,帮助同学们将本课的信息进行加工、储存,从而明确教学目标、重点和难点;对同学们的表现进行总结评价,以评价促发展,培养小组团队精神,激励同学们大胆开口,积极活动,为小组争得荣誉。最后做活动手册,是一个常规练习,其目的在于全方位地、及时检测同学们对本课时掌握的程度。

九、教学总结

这节课不论是新知识的呈现,还是游戏的设计,都能紧紧地抓住同学们,吸引同学们,让同学们积极参与到课堂中来。同学们在玩中学,学中用,提高了课堂实效,培养了同学们学习的兴趣。我相信通过这样的教学,充分让同学们主体参与、体验感悟、游戏巩固,是一定能圆满实现课堂教学任务的。

推荐第8篇:英语新课标读写课教案

读写课教案

一.教学目标

1.语言知识

目的在于学生能够理解并掌握以下重点词汇及句型:ignorance, belittle, disparage, inflict on, concentrate on, spend some time on sth以及从句的学习。

2.语言技能

能够使学生很好地运用本课所学的语言点进行日常的对话,养成用英语发言的习惯并学会抓住关键词句理解文章大意。

3.学习策略

学会掌握如何根据上下文及语境猜测词义,主动用英语交流并能分析一些复杂的句子。

4.情感目标 通过学习本课,学生将更多地关注自己的言行,善于吸取一些好的意见和建议。

5.文化意识

使学生可以明白不同国家的人对未来现在过去的不同的观点,和自己作比较可以反思总结一些useful things.二.教具准备

Computer

blackboard

chalk PPT 三.可能遇到的问题

1.The students might find it short of time to make logical and reasonable inferences.2.Most students might not understand the sentences“If you make your work your life, you are making your life into hard work.”

四.可采取的措施

1.The teacher should give them some hints or alternatives.

2.The teacher could paraphrase this difficult sentence in an easier way.五.教学过程

Step I .Pre-Reading【8mins】

1.如果给你一次机会回到过去你最想去做什么?为什么?﹝whole cla work with 5mins﹞ 2.读完文章的题目“Things I wish I’d known when was younger”,猜测一下作者在接下来的这篇文章里会谈写什么样的内容?请说说各自的观点。﹝3mins﹞

Step II.While-Reading【25mins】

1.快速阅读﹝5mins﹞

(1)迅速浏览文章用自己的一句话概括文章的主旨。 (2)划出生僻难懂的词汇,不明白的可以提问。 2.详细阅读(7mins)

Read the paage carefully and finish the following tasks: 任务1: Do the exercise true or false.任务2: Read the first and second paragraph and fill in the form.任务3: What do the underline word“it” in the paragraph 3 refers to?

3.语言重点(8mins)

(1)根据本课所学的重点词汇及词组完成下面一段话的填空。 (2)划出文章中的从句,尤其是定语从句并分析几句典型句。

(3)你是如何理解“Following the latest fashion, in work or in life, in spiritual and intellectual suicide”这句话的?可结合自己的经历说说自己的看法。

4.分析这篇文章的目的以及其结构。(3mins) (1)目的:…….(individual work) (2)结构:…..(pair work)

5.猜测句子的内涵意思(2mins)

What would you infer from the following two sentences? ①Trying to please other people is largely a usele activity.

②Every winner is destined to be a loser eventually.Step III.Post-Reading【10mins】

问题讨论(group work )

(1) What can we learn from the past and how to improve yourself in the future? (2) Do you agree with work to live or live to work? Why? Step IV.Homework【2mins】

(1) Retell the text in your own words especially the tips and talk about it at the beginning of next cla.(individual work)

(2) Create your own wise words about the topic “when I grown up”,no le than 120 words, and then share them with the whole cla next time.

英语062 沈意良

推荐第9篇:高考英语模拟读写任务(推荐)

真 题 体 验

(1) (2012·广东卷)阅读下面的短文,然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

My husband received a letter a month ago from a young woman who had been his student when she was in middle school.She was writing because she wanted to thank him for having a great influence on her life.In the letter she wrote, “You were the teacher who helped me discover my talent for math.Before you came to teach us, I had been terribly poor at math, and had never thought that I would be interested in it.To my surprise, you magically showed me the beauty of math.I gue that was the turning point of my attitude towards it.Gradually my interest in it began to grow.Thanks to your encouragement, I made continuous progre in math, and finally made up my mind to study it in the university.Today I am working as an accountant at Valley Medical Center in California.You played an important part.Thank you!”

What a wonderful gift to a retired teacher! My husband has received many letters from students over the years.This one was special, for it arrived at this time in his life when he is in very poor health.[写作内容]

1.以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。

2.以约120个词就老师影响学生的话题谈谈你的想法,内容包括: (1) 上文使你想起哪位对你帮助最大的老师; (2) 举例说明该老师对你学习或成长的影响; (3) 你怎样看待老师对学生的影响。 [写作要求]

1.作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事,也可以参照阅读材料的内容,但不得直接引用原文中的句子。2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。 [评分标准] 概括准确,语言规范,内容合适,语篇连贯。 【参考范文】

A thank-you letter from an old student of the writer’s husband meant a lot to the retired old man.From the letter, the writer learnt how great influence a teacher might have over his students.The encouragement from a teacher is really of great significance to his/her student, especially when the student has trouble with study.Timely encouragement can raise his confidence and inspire his motivation to work hard.When I was in middle school, I had some difficulty in learning English.I couldn’t remember the new words, so I always did poorly in the English exams.For some time I even decided to give up learning English.However, everything changed when I met Mrs Jones, my new English teacher.She encouraged me to try some different methods to remember English words, and when I made a little progre, she always praised me, so I worked harder than ever.Gradually I became interested in remembering new words and began to catch up with the other students in my cla.At the end of term I got the highest mark in English.Now I owe my progre in English to Mrs Jones whose encouragement has made me achieve what I have now.Here I want to send my sincere thanks from heart to her.

(2) (2011·广东卷)阅读下面的短文,然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

When Sam first got to his boarding school with his parents, he was very happy.He thought he would be able to go home every weekend.When he was told that he would not, he started crying because the thought of not seeing his parents was driving him crazy.He was given uniforms and all other things that he would need for the term.He started crying when it was time for his parents to leave.He was then taken to the dorm, where he saw other children happy.He tried as much as he could to fit in but he could not because his mind was at home.He started feeling homesick(想家) and wanted to go home as soon as poible.He got sick soon because he could not eat the school food.He could not concentrate in the claroom.All he could think of was being at home with his family.He had no mobile phone or other means to get in touch with his parents.He was angry and felt lonely.He thought his parents hated him and that was why they left him in a boarding school.[写作内容]

1.以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。

2.以约120个词讲述一次你(或你的朋友)想家的经历,内容包括: (1) 时间、地点和起因; (2) 想家给学习和生活带来的影响; (3) 你(或你的朋友)是如何应对的。 [写作要求]

1.作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事,也可以参照阅读材料的内容,但不得直接引用原文中的句子。2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。 [评分标准] 概括准确,语言规范,内容合适,语篇连贯。 【参考范文】

After being left in a boarding school, Sam felt so homesick that he was unable to concentrate on his study, which made him lonely and angry with his parents.The story reminds me of the last Mid-autumn Festival I spent alone at school.I was busy preparing for an important exam then, so I chose to study at school that day.I didn’t feel lonely at the beginning.Only after all my clamates had gone home did I begin to feel homesick.The feeling stopped me concentrating on my studies.I wish I had chosen to go home and spend the festival with my parents.What I could do at that time was to make a call to my parents, expreing my loneline.They comforted me and promised to see me the next day.As far as I am concerned, children are like kites in the sky.No matter where they are, there is always a piece of invisible string which links them to their homes.

专题六 读写任务 如何写概括

1.记叙文的概括

(2) 即时练习

(A) With his instructor’s help and his hard work, Scoresby, a stupid military man, did better than others in the history examination and even won the first prize in the mathematics examination! (B) The story is about an unforgettable leon of the writer from an old man while fishing, through which the writer realized patience was very important and that it was the secret of succe.2.说明文的概括

(2) 即时练习

(A) Koalas in wildlife parks can’t fall asleep because tourists keep disturbing them.Therefore, the government is thinking to make the tourists’ behavior illegal to protect the animals.(B) The Chinese historic towns’ names record the history and culture of ancient China.However, some have been changed just because they imply “doom”.Some researchers think it is ridiculous because it would destroy their rich historical and cultural connotations.3.议论文的概括

(2) 即时练习

(A) Generally, diligence contributes to succe while lazine results in failure.But working continuously is wrong and so diligence with right lazine gives rise to a wholesome life.(B) The paage tells us that stre is not an obstacle but a power of succe in your life.What’s more, it is good for us to stay young.According to the study, we know that stre is neceary in our life, which can motivate us to go ahead.

如何写段落主题句

2.即时练习

(A) Beavers are very diligent dam-builders who can build extremely good dams.However, they sometimes don’t know where to build the dams or which dams should be fixed only because they have no consciousne to make a plan.The beavers’ story illustrates the importance of planning.Without a plan the best intentions and efforts will not produce results.We shouldn’t work blindly but have a clear idea of our purpose, the actions needed to achieve it, and how these should be ordered.As a junior student, I achieved considerable succe in learning English through the combination of hard work and planning.I prepared good materials with the help of my teacher, made plans for my daily study and self-monitored the whole proce of my learning.I made rapid progre and became very confident.I think I couldn’t have done it without a good plan.Diligence is a key to succe, but in my opinion, good plan is also eential.Through planning, we can develop clear goals, find more efficient and effective methods and thus have more opportunities to reach our goals than through hard-working alone.(B)

Enjoy Being Alone The author prefers to spend his or her spare time with friends because he or she thinks friends can offer excitement and fresh ideas to a situation and they can comfort him or her if something bad happens.Personally, I prefer to spend most of my time alone.Friends are important in our growth, but we should not forget the shortcomings of spending too much time with friends.First, peer preure may direct us into some wrong doings.In order to please their so-called “friends”, teenagers may let their friends talk them into doing bad things.Moreover, even real friends may have different preferences.For example, I like claical music, but most of my friends love the noisy rock and roll.If we insist on spending our time together, both my friends and I would become unhappy.For this reason, I often feel like staying alone, especially when I want to do some reading.To sum up, it’s good to have real friends, but we also have something that is for us to do alone.

推荐第10篇:新视野大学英语读写2答案

新视野大学英语读写教程第二版第二册课后练习答案 unit 1 Section A: Vocabulary III.1.charge 2.convention 3.efficient 4.obtain 5.competent 6.aseing 7.fulfill 8.conducting 9.consequently 10.significance IV.1.behind 2.at 3.in 4.out 5.to 6.to 7.in 8.with 9.but 10.for V.1.L 2.C 3.D 4.N 5.O 6.A 7.E 8.G 9.I 10.K Word Building VI.1.commitment 2.attraction 3.appointment 4.impreion 5.civilization 6.composition 7.confusion 8.congratulation 9.consideration 10.explanation 11.acquisition 12.depreion VII.1.advisable 2.disirable 3.favorable 4.considerable 5.remarkable 6.preferable 7.drinkable 8.acceptable Sentence Structure VIII.1.much le can he write English articles 2.much le can he manage a big company 3.much le could he carry it upstairs 4.much le have I spoken to him 5.much le to read a lot outside of it IX.1.Having meals at home can cost as little as two or three dollars, whereas eating out at a restaurant is always more expensive.2.We thought she was rather proud,whereas in fact she was just very shy.3.We have never done anything for them, whereas they have done so much for us.4.Natalie prefers to stay for another week, whereas her husband prefers to leave immediately.5.Some praise him highly,whereas others put him down severely.Translation X.1.She wouldn\'t take a drink, much le could she stay for dinner.2.He thought I was lying to him,whereas I was telling the truth.3.How do you account for the fact that you have been late every day this week? 4.The increase in their profits is due partly to their new market strategy.5.Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency.6.We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project, so we have to carry on.XI.1.我认为他不会抢劫,更不用说暴力抢劫了.2.男工平均工资每小时10美元,而女工才每小时7美元.3.自然界的平衡一旦遭到破坏,就会带来很多不可预知的影响.4.期终考试迫在眉睫,你最好多花点时间看书.5.有趣的是,消费者发现越来越难以辨别某些品牌的原产国.其部分原因来自于全球化带来的影响,部分原因是由于产地的变化.6.最近一次调查表明,妇女占总劳动力的40%.Cloze XII.1.C 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.C 11.D 12.C 13.C 14.B 15.A Section B Comprehension of the Text II.1.D 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.B Vocabulary III.1.utilize 2.reject 3.considerable 4.temporary 5.acceptable 6.recognition 7.alleviate 8.appreciate 9.furthermore 10.interact IV.1.interact with 2.gone through 3.deal with 4.recovered with 5.adjusting to 6.familiar to 7.In spite of 8.were tired of 9.prevented from 10.came to unit2 Section A Vocabulary III.1.promosing 2.amusing 3.lowered 4.persisted 5.rank 6.swear 7.unfair 8.presence 9.frowning 10.approximately IV.1.on 2.upon 3.on 4.in 5.by 6.to 7.in 8.of 9.on 10.out V.1.O 2.K 3.D 4.H 5.J 6.E 7.M 8.G 9.B 10.A Word Building VI.1.observeskier: one who skis 3.visitlearner:one who learns something 5.reportdrinker:one who often drinks alcohol,esp.too much VII.1.tropical 2.musical 3.occasional 4.environmental 5.global 6.dangerous 7.natural 8.central Sentence structure VIII.1.They didn\'t lose heart despite of lots of frustration.2.Despite the heavy rain,the boys played football in the yard all afternoon.3.I will try my best despite the slim chances of succe.4.Despite a thorough search for the escaped prisoner in the mountain,no sign of him was found.5.Despite their increased income,their life became poorer because of the rising prices.IX.1.nor do I think it neceary to do so 2.nor would they go to my sister\'s 3.nor do we have her telephone number 4.nor would I like to go to work immediately 5.nor would I Translation X.1.Despite the fact that she is the only child in her family, she is never babied by her parents.2.Mike didn\'t come to the party last night, nor did he call me to give an explanation.3.The person sitting next to him did publish some novels, but he is by no means a great writer.4.He has no interest in football and is indifferent to who wins to loses.5.The manager needs an aistant that he can count on to take care of problems in his absence.6.This is the first time that he has made a speech in the presence of so large an audience.XI.1.尽管那项计划一开始就证明是不切实际的,但是他们还是坚持要实施.2.我无法说服他接受这项计划,也无法使他认识到这项计划的重要性.3.你是怎么把那么多东西塞进这个小行李箱的? 4.别人对他怎么看,他全不在意.5.我能否指出你犯了个小错误.6.他母亲让他开车慢一点儿,但是他从不把她的话放在心上.Cloze XII.1.B 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.A 9.B 10.D 11.B 12.D 13.B 14.C 15.D Section B Reading skills I.1.D 2.A 3.A 4.C 5.B Comprehension of the Text II.1.D 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.C 7.A 8.B Vocabulary III.1.sake 2.sacrificed 3.crack 4.pursuing 5.explosive 6.overcome 7.indicated 8.opponents 9.stripped 10.denied IV.1.Natasha made herself stand out in the group interview by acting as the leader in her group.2.To be succeful,you need a careful plan,good luck,help at the right time,and above all,hard work.3.They are not doing this to gain recognition or money;they are doing this for the sake of society.4.It was actually what he said rather than what he did that made me sad.5.Once my mother sets her mind on something,it will be very hard to stop her.6.Years of research had set the stage for their succe in their field.7.Local people are used to the phenomenon,so they are not surprised at all.8.Today at this meeting we are going to focus on the question of air pollution.9.He never expected that his best friend would charge him with cheating in the exam.10.His parents were so strict with him in his studies that he had little time to participate in any activities outside of cla.

unit3 Section A Vocabulary III.1.mutual 2.illusion 3.canceled 4.overlooked 5.proceeded 6.resolve 7.prejudice 8.compromise 9.confirm 10.subsequently IV.1.having nothing to do with 2.taking care of 3.met with 4.on the surface 5.work out 6.incompatible with 7.ups and downs 8.learned of 9.indication of 10.all along V.1.M 2.L 3.F 4.D 5.H 6.O 7.A 8.C 9.I 10.K Word Building VI.1.shopping 2.feeling 3.storage 4.cooking 5.ending 6.beginning 7.gathering 8.removal 9.arrival 10.paage 11.writing 12.marriage VII.1.relationship 2.citizenship 3.leadership 4.membership 5.boyhood 6.livelihood 7.brotherhood 8.authorship 9.adulthood 10.neighborhood 11.wisdom 12.ownership Sentence structure VIII.1.It is never too bad for us to do something about the situation.2.One is never too old to learn.3.It is never too late for you to put a stop to this madne.4.It is never too late for you to mend your ways.5.His income was never too small to support his family.IX.1.My best friend,Anna,was here last night.2.The company manager,Mr.Madison,gathered his staff and announced the decision.3.You should have seen an ophthalmologist, an eye doctor.4.He sent for the accountant,the most experienced person in accounting.5.\"Leave it to me,\" said David,the man on night duty.Translation X.1.You are never too experienced to learn new techniques.2.There remains one problem,namely,who should be sent to head the research there.3.Their relationship did meet with some difficulty at the beginning because of cultural differences.4.Though he has had ups and downs,I believed all along that he would succeed someday.5.I have some reservations about the truth of your claim.6.She isn\'t particularly tall,but her slim figure gives an illusion of height.XI.1.应尽早告知年轻人:必须认真对待法律.2.他现在面临一个重要决定,这个决定可能会影响他的整个前程.3.即使在情况最糟糕的时候,你也必须保持镇静和信心.4.人际关系的成功与否与双方相处是否融洽以及交流是否顺畅有很大关系.5.他受到袭击,身受重伤,随后不治而亡.6.他的举止至少在表面上像个正常人。 Cloze XII.1.A 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.D 9.C 10.D 11.B 12.A 13.D 14.C 15.D Section B Reading skills I.1.F 2.F 3.O 4.F 5.O 6.O 7.O 8.F 9.O 10.F Comprehension of the Text II.1.C 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D Vocabulary III.1.arrange 2.criticism 3.innocent 4.criticizing 5.miserable 6.modest 7.compelled 8.somehow 9.anticipate 10.birlliant IV.1.on 2.from...to 3.off 4.with 5.away 6.about 7.over 8.On 9.Concerning 10.to

unit4

Section A: Vocabulary III.1.forbid 2.identical 3.objectino 4.warmth 5.volunteers 6.overseas 7.declined 8.resisted 9.fancy 10.decrease/decline IV.1.without fail 2.volunteer for 3.as long as 4.right away 5.more than thankful...for 7.wrote back 8.forbidden from 9.vanished into 10.was free to V.1.O 2.J 3.G 4.H 5.L 6.A 7.E 8.B 9.C 10.N Word Building VI.1.sadne 2.weakne 3.carelene 4.illne 5.darkne 6.kindne 7.lazine 8.nervousne VII.1.noisy 2.wealthy 3.sunny 4.lucky 5.tasty 6.healthy 7.angry 8.icy Sentence structure VIII.1.It is neceary for the manager to finish the whole task before leaving for a holiday.2.It is a shame to take so much money for doing so little.

6.am 3.It is our responsibility to help people around us who are in trouble.4.It is a surprise for us all to realize he has been cheating us.5.It is pleasant fro the mother to see her daughter growing into a young lady.IX.1.as long as she got her father\'s agreement 2.As long as you set a goal for yourself 3.As long as she covers all the expenses herself 4.as long as she does her job well 5.As long as you never lose heart Translation X.1.It is a great pleasure to meet friends from afar.2.It doesn\'t matter whether the cat is black or white as long as it catches mice.3.You must let me have the money back without fail by ten o\'clock tomorrow morning.4.Allow me to take part in this project: I am more than a little interested in it.5.Everyone knows that he is special:He is free to come and go as he pleases.6.Watching the unhappy look on her face,I felt as though she wishes to say something to me.XI.1.现如今,仅仅受过中等教育的人要想找份好工作越来越难了。 2.留得青山在,不怕没柴烧.3.如果你对所购物品不满意,我们将很乐意退款.4.我们对这块伟大的美丽的土地心怀感激之情,多年来它迎接了众多的人来这里的海滩游览.5.让老师吃惊的是,没人自愿当班长.6.那条狗忠心耿耿地继续在火车站等待主人,直到两年后死去.Cloze XII.1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.A 7.D 8.D 9.C 10.A 11.A 12.B 13.D 14.C 15.C Section B: Reading skills I.1.I am almost dead.2.I am moving acro the landscape.3.I have achieved a modest amount of prosperity.4.A friend convinces me to go on a blind date with a lady friend of his.5.Roma gets a faraway look in her eyes.Comprehension of the Text II.1.D 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.A Vocabulary III.1.insurance 2.descended 3.precision 4.trace 5.stain 6.specify 7.accustomed 8.embraced 9.knelt 10.prosperity IV.1.The Rockefeller family achieved a hugh amount of prosperity in the oil busine.2.What all workers have in common is expecting better working conditions.3.You don\'t know what his feelings will be,as they change from day to day.4.This is generally a warm place,but we do get freezing weather on occasion.5.Every year at Christmas drunk driving takes its toll on the joyful atmosphere.6.Many people still cling to the hope that one day there will be place between the two countries.7.He was so angry that he lost control.8.The climate in Alaska is a far cry from that of Florida.9.How on earth did she manage to pa the test? 10.His career as a teacher came to an end when he broke his leg,but he continued to write textbooks for students.

unit 5 Section A: Vocabulary III.1.hardened 2.shelter 3.slim 4.weaken 5.Literally 6.noticeable 7.bunch 8.drag 9.grateful 10.hooked IV.1.leaned on 2.close at hand 3.die of 4.are starved of 5.coupled with 6.is directed...at 7.are...dreed in 8.grateful to 9.struggling to 10.a bunch of V.1.J 2.G 3.K 4.M 5.E 6.0 7.D 8.H 9.A 10.C Word Building VI.1.Under the pleasant situation the property prices are just beginning to harden again.2.In the past few years,these inside conflicts have weakened the government\'s position.3.Every Sunday the father takes his child to libraries,museums,exhibitions or natural parks,as he believes that this helps to broaden the child\'s mind.4.The days are lengthening as summer approaches.5.As she was waiting for the result to come out,her excitement heightened.

6.The taking on of a new secretary lightened his workload considerably.

7.As he listened to his aistant reporting on the progre of the project,the manager\'s face darkened with anger.8.Before night fell,the setting sun reddened the clouds.VII.1.arrival 2.expectations 3.understandable 4.Visitors 5.freedom 6.profitable 7.lucky 8.gathering Sentence structure VIII.1.John went to the cinema with his brother,which surprised me.2.The boy broke the window,for which he was criticized by the teacher.3.He tore up my photo,by which I was angered very much.4.It was raining hard,for which the team stayed indoors.5.Connie changed her mind for the second time,which came as no surprise to us.IX.1.The teacher spoke so quietly that the students could hardly hear her.2.The lecture was so boring that many listeners fell asleep.

3.The student has so many books that he does not know what to do with them.4.The old man was so ill that his neighbors had to send for a doctor.5.Her remarks are so funny that everyone laughs to tears.Translation X.1.He spoke confidently,which impreed me most.2.My father is so forgetful that he is always looking for his keys.3.I\'m very grateful to you for all the help you have given me.4.The bad light,coupled with the wet ground,made driving very difficult.5.Being starved of funds,they had to cancel their plan to start a busine.6.They always lean on us whenever they are in trouble.XI.1.飞机可能会晚点几个小时,要是那样,我们等着就没有什么意义了.2.乔治常常说谎,因此当他说他考试得了高分时没人相信他.3.初了附近位于十字路口的那家小工厂,一切都静悄悄的.4.缺少睡眠的人会感到很难集中心思干活.5.我安排人去机场接克拉克先生,然后带他去宾馆.6.一到达山顶,游客们都高兴地大叫起来.Cloze XII.1.C 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.B 11.D 12.A 13.A 14.D 15.C Section B: Reading skills I.1.giving them many material poeions 2.change continually and frequently 3.a sudden,uncontrollable feeling of regret 4.makes(the parent-child relationship)go wrong;taking(some of the happine and mutual respect)away from (parents and their children) 5.start a new course of improved behavior Comprehension of the Text II.1.A 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.C Vocabulary III.1.aigned 2.compensate 3.prompt 4.manner 5.tendency 6.undermined 7.submit 8.inferred 9.fluctuates 10.responded IV.1.Jean wrote the speaker\'s addre down in her notebook for fear that she might forget it.2.Paengers must show their tickets on demand.3.Officials are bound to investigate any poible corruption.4.I took it for granted that you would come with us,so I bought you a ticket.5.She has been selfish all the time,but she has promised to turn over a new leaf and become more loving toward others.6.People in this region have pined for a peaceful life since the religiou war broke out three decades ago.7.Poor health had made it difficult for Jim to hold down a job for more than a year.8.Betty gets very depreed at times because of the preure of her work.9.The boys at my school used to make fun of me because I have a flat nose.10.Jenny kept begging me for a new bicycle, and I finally gave in.

Unit 6 Vocabulary III.1.confeed 2.reserve 3.profeional 4.impreive 5.latter 6.convey 7.qualify 8.refined 9.substitute 10.approval IV.1.Correct from: fill out; synonym: fill in 2.Correct from: feel comfortable with; synonym: feel comfortable about 3.Correct from: attach first importance to; translation: 非常重视;把……放在第一位 4.Correct from: turned down; synonym: rejected; refused 5.Correct from: came (up) to; definition: moved toward 6.Correct from: preing me for; definition: try in a determined way to get something.7.Correct from: free from/of; definition: not influenced by 8.Correct from: stuck with; translation: 不得不接待;被迫接待

9.Correct from: for better or worse; definition: whether the result is good or bad 10.Correct from: took charge of; synonym: took responsibility for V.1.M 2.K 3.L 4.F 5.I 6.C 7.H 8.O 9.E 10.B Word Building VI.illegal impolite irregular impatient incapable irresponsible inconsistent inappropriate incorrect indefinite 1.impatient 2.irresponsible 3.inconsistent 4.illegal 5.inappropriate 6.incapable 7.irregular 8.impolite 9.incorrect 10.indefinite VII.unnoticeable unreasonable ungrateful unlimited uncertain uncover unrecognizable unfashionable undo untidy unfold unload 1.unreasonable 2.unfolded 3.uncertain 4.uncovered 5.ungrateful 6.unloading 7.unlimited 8.undid Sentence structure VIII.1.so is air to man 2.so is the eagle of all birds 3.so is beer to the British 4.so is tea to the Chinese 5.so do the English love their beer IX.1.While waiting at the doctor’s, I read an entire short story.2.After using the brush, put it in its proper place.3.Before being in the army, he was an engineer.4.I deliberately didn’t read the book before going to see the film.5.When buying a new car, it is best to seek expert advice.Translation X.1.(Just) as a machine needs regular running, so does the body need regular exercise.2.He learned to play the piano while studying in the United States.3.To our disappointment, he turned down our invitation.4.The reality is that, for better or worse, the world has changed with advance of new technologies.5.Most of the female students in my cla appear to be ill at ease when (they are) required to answer questions.6.The local government took charge of the security for the sports meeting.XI.1.足球之于意大利人,就像乒乓球之于中国人。

2.教师没急着要班里同学现在作决定,而是要他们仔细考虑后再下决心。

3.我不知道那是什么饮料,我喝了那么多;结果那些小伙子只能送我回家,因为我有点醉了。

4.在中国北方,三月份往往多风。

5.尽管如此,政府已经同意总支出增加6.2%。

6.信息被定义为通过陈述事实向大脑传达的知识,它可以有多种形式。Cloze XII.1.C 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.D 10.C 11.C 12.B 13.A 14.A 15.A Section B Comprehension of the Text II.1.F 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.F 6.T 7.T 8.F Vocabulary III.1.tidy 2.prevail 3.emotional 4.imitating 5.discourage 6.bargain 7.wander 8.superficial 9.concealed 10.accompanies IV.1.tuened out 2.is not really up to 3.went to great lengths 4.acting out 5.spoke of 6.Judging by 7.out of character 8.took sides 9.blow his cover 10.more or le

第11篇:新视野英语读写1课后汉译英

新视野英语读写1课后汉译英

孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、教育家,是儒家学派(Confucianism)的创始人,被尊称为古代的\"圣人\"(sage)。他的言论和生平活动记录在《论语》(The Analects)一书中。《论语》是中国古代文化的经典著作,对后来历代的思想家、文学家、政治家产生了很大影响。不研究《论语》,就不能真正把握中国几千年的传统文化。孔子的很多思想,尤其是其教育思想,对中国社会产生了深远的影响。在21世纪的今天,孔子的学说不仅受到中国人的重视,而且也越来越受到整个国际社会的重视。

Confucius was a great thinker and educator in Chinese history.He was the founder of Confucianism and was respectfully referred to as an ancient \"sage\".His words and life story were recorded in The Analects.An enduring claic of ancient Chinese culture, The Analects has had a great influence on the thinkers, writers, and statesmen that came after Confucius.Without studying this book, one could hardly truly understand the thousands-of-years\' traditional Chinese culture.Much of Confucius\' thought, especially his thought on education, has had a profound influence on Chinese society.In the 21st century, Confucian thought not only retains the attention of the Chinese, but it also wins an increasing attention from the international community.每 年 农 历(Chinese lunar calendar)八 月 十 五 是我 国 的 传 统 节 日 —— 中 秋 节(the Mid-Autumn Festival)。这时是一年秋季的中期,所以被称为中秋。中秋节的一项重要活动是赏月。夜晚,人们赏明月、吃月饼,共庆中秋佳节。中秋节也是家庭团圆的时刻,远在他乡的游子,会借此寄托自己对故乡和亲人的思念之情。中秋节的习俗很多,都寄托着人们对美好生活的热爱和向往。自2008年起,中秋节成为中国的法定节假日。 According to the Chinese lunar calendar, August 15 of every year is a traditional Chinese festival — the Mid-Autumn Festival.This day is the middle of autumn, so it is called Mid-Autumn.One of the important Mid-Autumn Festival activities is to enjoy the moon.On that night, people gather together to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival, looking up at the bright moon and eating moon cakes.The festival is also a time for family reunion.People living far away from home will expre their feelings of miing their hometowns and families at this festival.There are many customs to celebrate the festival, all expreing people\'s love and hope for a happy life.Since 2008, the Mid-Autumn Festival has become an official national holiday in China.中国航天业开创于1956年。几十年来,中国航天事业创造了一个又一个奇迹。1970年,中国成功发射了第一颗人造地球卫星,成为世界上第五个独立自主研制和发射人造地球卫星的国家。1992年,中国开始实施载人航天飞行工程(manned spaceflight program)。2003年,中国成功发射了\"神舟五号\"载人飞船,使中国成为第三个发射载人飞船的国家。2007年发射了\"嫦娥一号\",即第一颗绕月球飞行(lunar-orbiting)的人造卫星。2013年,第五艘载人飞船\"神舟十号\"发射成功,为中国空间站的建设打下了基础。

China\'s space industry was launched in 1956.Over the past decades, China\'s space industry has created one miracle after another.In 1970 China launched its first man-made earth satellite, ranking China the fifth country in the world to independently develop and launch man-made earth satellites.In 1992 China began to carry out the manned spaceflight program.In 2003 China launched Shenzhou-5, a manned spaceship.The succeful launch made China the third country to launch manned spaceships.In 2007 Chang\'e-1, the first lunar-orbiting man-made satellite, was sent to space.In 2013 Shenzhou-10, the fifth manned spaceship, was launched succefully, laying the foundation for building the Chinese Space Station.

郑和是中国历史上最著名的航海家(maritime explorer)。公元1405 年,明朝的统治者为了稳固边防(border defense)和开展海上贸易,派郑和下西洋(the Western Seas)。在此后的28 年里,郑和带领船队七下西洋,前后出海的人员有10 多万人,访问了30 多个国家和地区。船队纵横南亚、西亚,一直到非洲大陆。郑和下西洋是世界航海(navigation)史上的壮举,它展现了郑和卓越的航海和组织才能,同时展现了明朝的国力和国威(national strength and prestige),加强了明朝和海外各国之间的关系。

Zheng He was the most famous maritime explorer in Chinese history.In 1405 AD, the ruler of the Ming Dynasty sent Zheng He on a voyage to the Western Seas in order to strengthen border defense and develop trade by sea.In the following 28 years, Zheng He led his fleet, made seven voyages to the Western Seas with over 100,000 crew members in total, and visited more than 30 countries and regions.The fleet traveled far into South Asia and West Asia, and made all the way to the continent of Africa.Zheng He\'s voyages to the Western Seas were a great feat in the world\'s navigation history.It showed Zheng He\'s outstanding navigation and organization talents; meanwhile, it exhibited the national strength and prestige of the Ming Dynasty, and strengthened the relationships between the Ming Dynasty and the overseas countries.太极拳(Tai Chi)是一种武术(martial arts)项目,也是一种健身运动,在中国有着悠久的历史。太极拳动作缓慢而柔和,适合任何年龄、性别、体型的人练习。太极拳既可防身,又能强身健体,因而深受中国人的喜爱。太极拳在发展的过程中,借鉴并吸收了中国传统哲学、医术、武术的合理内容(element),成为特色鲜明的一项运动。作为中国特有的一种运动形式,太极拳也越来越受到众多外国朋友的喜爱。

Tai Chi is a kind of martial arts, and a fitne exercise as well.It has a long history in China.With slow and gentle movements, Tai Chi is suitable for people of any age, sex, or body type to practice.It can be used to provide self-defense as well as build the body.Therefore, it has become very popular among Chinese people.During its development, Tai Chi borrowed and absorbed desirable elements from traditional Chinese philosophy, medicine, and martial arts, and it has developed into a sport with unique features.As a unique sport in China, Tai Chi is also gaining increasing popularity among many foreign friends.改革开放以来,中国的教育事业得到了快速发展,取得了引人瞩目的成就。中国政府把教育摆在优先发展的地位,坚持科教兴国(revitalize the country),全面提倡素质教育 (quality-oriented education)。同时,积极推进教育公平,保障人人有受教育的机会。中国的教育成就反映在两个不同的层面:一个是全面普及了九年义务教育(nine-year compulsory education),另一个是实现了高等教育大众化(ma higher education)。教育的发展为中国的经济发展和社会进步作出了重大贡献。近年来,为适应社会、经济发展的需要,中国政府不断加快培养各领域的急需人才。

Since its economic reform and opening-up to the world, China\'s education has gone through rapid development and made remarkable achievements.The Chinese government gives top priority to the development of education, persists in revitalizing the country by science and education, and fully advocates quality-oriented education.Meanwhile, it actively promotes equality in education to guarantee everyone acce to education.China\'s achievements in education can be reflected in two different layers: One is the popularization of the nine-year compulsory education; the other is the realization of ma higher education.The development of education has made significant contributions to China\'s economic development and social progre.In recent years, to satisfy the needs of social and economic development, the Chinese government has sped up the training of qualified personnel urgently needed in various fields.为人诚信,以和为贵是中华民族的传统美德。\"和\"的思想体现在很多方面。在处理人与人的关系上,中国传统思想主张\"和为贵\"以及\"家和万事兴\",从而创造一个和谐的社会环境。在人与自然的关系上,人类应当学会认识自然,尊重自然,保护自然。人与人、人与社会、人与自然都需要\"和谐\"。如今,和谐发展依然是我们的治国之本和管理人才之道。随着我国社会经济和文化的发展,\"和\"的思想更加深入人心。中国正在向构建社会主义和谐社会的目标迈进。

Integrity and harmony are traditional Chinese virtues.\"Harmony\" is demonstrated in various aspects.In regard to interpersonal relations, traditional Chinese thoughts hold that \"Harmony is most precious\" and \"A family that lives in harmony will prosper\".A harmonious social environment can be created based on these principles.As for relations between human beings and nature, people should learn to understand, respect and protect nature.Harmony is eential to interpersonal relations, relations between human beings and society, as well as between human beings and nature.Nowadays, harmonious development is still the way of running the country and managing talented personnel.With the development of China\'s society, economy and culture, the idea of \"harmony\" goes even deeper into people\'s hearts.China is on its way toward the goal of building a harmonious socialist society.新中国成立后,中国坚持(persist in)独立自主的和平外交政策,在外交领域取得了巨大成就。截至2011年,中国已与172个国家建立了外交关系(diplomatic relations)。近年来,随着中国综合国力的提升(enhancement),中国在国际事务中的作用越来越重要,中国的国际地位得到进一步提升。在地区性事务中,中国积极推动各种区域合作,为维护地区和平、促进地区发展作出了重要贡献。中国外交(diplomacy)将高举\"和平、发展、合作、共赢\"的旗帜(banner),在和平共处五项原则的基础上,通过全面发展同各国的友好合作,为建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界作出不懈的努力(make unremitting efforts)。

Since the founding of the People\'s Republic of China, China has persisted in the independent foreign policy of peace, and made tremendous progre in foreign affairs.By 2011, China had established diplomatic relations with 172 countries.Over recent years, with the enhancement of its comprehensive national strength, China has been playing an increasingly important role in international affairs, and China\'s international status has been further enhanced.In regional affairs, China actively promotes all kinds of regional cooperation.It has made important contributions in maintaining regional peace and promoting regional development.China\'s diplomacy will hold high the banner of \"peace, development, cooperation and mutual benefit\".On the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence and through all-round and friendly cooperation with various countries, China will make unremitting efforts to build a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity.

第12篇:大学英语读写教程3Unit3翻译

品德至上

1.海德中学的办学宗旨是:如果你向学生传授诸如求真、勇敢、正直、领导能力、好奇心和关心他人等美德的话,学生的学习成绩自然就会提高。该校的创始人约瑟夫·高尔德声称学校的教学很成功。海德中学位于缅因州巴思市,每年的学费高达1.8万美元,因其教导问题少年有方而闻名遐迩。

2.‚我们并不把自己看作一所专为某一类孩子而开设的学校,‛马尔科姆·高尔德说。他是约瑟夫的儿子,毕业于海德中学,现任海德中学校长。‚我们把帮助孩子培养一种生活方式看作自己的职责,办法是倡导一整套能影响所有孩子的价值观念。‛

3.现在,乔·高尔德(约瑟夫·高尔德)正试图将他尚有争议的‚品德第一‛的理念向旧城区的公立学校推广。这些学校愿意将用于传统教学计划的税金用于实施这一新的教学方法。海德公立学校第一个教学计划始于1992年9月。但几个月后,该计划即告暂停。教师们对教学计划的高要求以及高强度工作所带来的压力表示抗议。 4.今年秋天,海德基金会计划在巴尔的摩启动初步的公立学校教学计划。教师要接受培训,以便今后能在整个巴尔的摩体系内胜任工作。美国其他学校的领导们也在关注这个教学计划。去年秋天,在家长的一片抗议声中,海德基金会在康涅狄格州纽黑文市郊区的一所中学内启动了一个引人注目的教学计划。当地居民担心该校可能招进来旧城区的少数民族学生和问题学生。 5.就像在缅因州那样,求真也在康涅狄格州的这所中学得到广泛推崇。在一堂英语课上,11名学生用最后的5分钟展开激烈的讨论,依照1-10的评分标准相互评价他们当天的课堂表现。 6.‚我得10分。‛

7.‚我有意见。你既没做语法作业,也没做拼写练习。‛ 8.‚那好,就7分吧。‛ 9.‚你只能得6分。‛

10.‚等等,我可是全力以赴的。‛ 11.‚是的,可你今天没提问。‛

12.在解释自己的教育方法时,乔·高尔德指出,对传统的教育体制不能只是改革。他说‚无论怎样改革‛,用马和马车‚是改革不出汽车的‛。海德中学认为‚每一个人都有自己的独特潜能‛,这种潜能的基础是品格而不是智力或财富。良知和苦干受到推崇。成功由不断进步来衡量,而不是由学习成绩来评定。学生必须相互负责。为了避免美国中学使用的其他品格培养方案所引发的争议,高尔德解释说,‚全力以赴‛这一概念并不是要强迫学生接受某一套道德原则或宗教观念。

13.海德中学的课程与那些为升入大学做准备的传统学校所开设的课程相似,包括英语、历史、数学和自然科学。但所有的学生都必须选修表演艺术和体育,还要提供社区服务。在每门课程中,学生都会得到一个综合了学习成绩和‚努力程度‛的分数。在巴思市,97%的海德中学毕业生都升入了大学本科。 14.在海德中学的综合教育中,父母的参与是一个关键的组成部分。为了使孩子被该校录取,家长也必须同意接受并实践学校的思想和观点。家长们签约同意每月出席一次区域小组会议(共20个区域小组),每年去区域休养所三天,每年至少参加三次巴思市的研修班、讨论组和研讨会。在很多活动中,缅因州学生家长的出席率高达95%。乔和马尔科姆·高尔德都说,当孩子们见到自己的父母都在全力以赴时,他们也会竭尽全力。他们说,对许多家长而言,最困难的是让他们意识到自己的不足。

15.公立学校学生家长的活动计划仍在制定之中。这项工作的困难要大得多,因为很难使家长相信他们的参与很有价值。在纽黑文市录取的100名学生中,有30%左右的家长出席了各类特别会议。这一低出席率违背了他们在教学计划开始实施时所做的承诺,当时海德中学的官员曾与300个家庭进行了面谈。

16.巴思市一名在公立学校教书达14年之久的教师说,一旦问题得到解决,海德教学计划就会在公立学校中获得成功。他乐观地认为,一旦家长们投入到计划当中,他们就会成为孩子们日常行为的榜样,这与寄宿学校的学生家长完全不同。

17.一名曾任教于旧城区学校的教师如今在从事纽黑文教学计划。他说,教师也能从中受益。‚在这里,我们真正开始集中精力与每一个学生建立卓有成效的关系。我们的重点真的是先考虑师生关系,然后是师生共同探讨学业。而在传统的中学里,是先考虑教师和教材的关系,然后再考虑师生关系。‛师生关系在海德中学被进一步深化了。对教职员工的评估由学生来进行。

18.19岁的吉米·迪巴蒂斯塔今年5月将从巴思校区毕业,并准备升入大学。对此他感到惊奇。几年前,他还觉得自己的前途‚是在监狱,而不是在大学‛。迪巴蒂斯塔还记得他刚到海德中学时的情景。 19.‚我来这儿时,见人就侮辱,就咒骂。其他每所学校都会说:‘滚出去!我们这儿不要你。’我来到这儿,他们却说:‘我们有几分喜欢这种活力,但并不喜欢它消极的一面,我们要将它转化成积极的东西。’‛

第13篇:高三英语一轮复习读写任务

广东一轮复习模拟试卷

(二)——读写任务

In his speech Li Hua spoke of an overseas Chinese student who couldn’t find a job because of his dishonesty.The story shows us that honesty really is the best policy.

After reading this speech, I felt really sorry for the student who had ruined his own promising future just for some short-term benefits.On the other hand, I also thought it was correct to punish someone who had been dishonest.

My clamate Wang Tao once made a similar mistake.During a math quiz, he was having trouble working out a problem.When the teacher looked away, he peeked and copied the answer from his clamate.He was glad that he had a high mark in the quiz.But when he came acro a similar question in the final exam, he didn’t know how to solve it and eventually failed the test.

From these stories, I really learned the leon that honesty is the best policy.In life we are often tempted to be dishonest, but for a happy and guilt-free life we know what the best choice is.

第14篇:英语初二读写课听课反思

听课反思

南流中学徐海文 2014-03-06

三月六号下午跟学校的其他老师到文化国际中学听了两节英语课,给了我们一次学习的机会。通过这次听课,近距离的领略到优秀教师的课堂风采,他们扎实的教学功底和自身的教学特色使我受益匪浅。

1、情景的设置

第一节赵老师的课在刚开始就有一种让我耳目一新的感觉。这一节课是关于一篇到洛杉矶学习英语的广告,赵老师在开始就模拟了轻松地教学环境,幻灯片上放着异国他乡的照片,在欢快的音乐当中,学生们浏览着展示板上的图画文字,消除了在几百号来自各地老师面前的紧张情绪。在这样的氛围当中,学生们潜意识里的一些关于上辅导班或者出国的记忆被激活,和实际生活联系起来,调动了学生们的积极性。

2、教师扎实的基本功。

赵老师和来自北京师范大学附属中学的刘老师口语流利,发音准确,全堂课都用英语教学。其中刘老师在整堂课当中用简单到位的英语解释一些陌生的单词,让我很受启发。老师们都很亲切自然,让整堂课感觉很舒服。此外,老师们的指令非常明确,让我不禁反思自己教学过程中在这一方面做的还不够好。往往认为自己明白这节课进行到哪一步要做什么,想当然的也以为学生们明白。但有时候事实却非如此,下一步,自己一定会注意课堂上对学生们提要求下指令的方式方法,提高课堂效率。

3、课堂结构清晰,注重基础知识

赵老师的课堂结构非常清楚,这一节是读写课,赵老师先从段落整体阅读——具体分析——视频听读——填写表格——讨论的语言输出,符合学生们的认知结构。而赵老师在处理这篇文章基础知识方面更让我受益匪浅,出题形式多种多样,有连线题、填空题、翻译、选择等,在一定程度上吸引了学生的注意力。尤其是精读时,赵老师设计的问题很详细,反思自己在设计问题时往往按照课本上来,缺少自己的思考,设计形式也比较单一,以后应该在研读教材上再下功夫。

4、过渡语自然

自己在教学时,往往按照设计的步骤一步一步来,中间缺少过渡语。听了赵老师的课,发现赵老师在讲解每一段时都会设铺垫,过度的非常自然,而且引发学生们的思考,使整节课非常自然完整。

5、阅读的思维层面

刘老师的课给我印象很深,因为我在教学过程中往往不注意教学生们认识世界,如何去判断这个世界上的事物,以为这是语文老师的事情。而刘老师则注重教学生们如何去判断世界,形成自己的价值观。以后在教学过程中对这方面要好好领悟。

6、多媒体的使用

现代化英语教学中,黑板已经不是传统意义上的黑板了。挂图、投影仪、多媒体等的加入,使得黑板的内容更加丰富。此次活动,老师们都运用了多媒体这现代的教学工具,以鲜艳的色彩、活动的图像和有声的对话,让教学内容更形象化,给人一种赏心悦目的感觉,创造了一个轻松愉快的学习氛围。

这次听的课没有想象中那么花哨,老师们给学生提供了静心阅读的空间。老

师们设计的结构非常清晰,一环扣一环,从而使学生们一步一步实现教学目标,同时提高了整节课的课堂效率。通过这次听课,我开阔了眼界,看到了自己的不足,以及自己与其他优秀教师的差距,同时对自己也提出了许多问题去思考,怎样让自己的语言更优美?怎样让学生喜欢上课?怎样培养孩子的能力?怎样让课堂效率更高?我相信通过自己的努力,会一步一步解决这些问题,也希望以后能有更过给我们这些老师充电的机会,提高自己。

第15篇:新视野大学英语读写4总结

新视野大学英语读写教程4 summary Unit2 Chaplin is a great comic not only for his own mother country but more for the world.Chaplin’s Tramp was considered a little _crude_ and thought that he had too much of an eye for the ladies and that his clothes gave him an_appearance_ more like an Italian waiter than anything else.He resisted making a _talking_ movie until 1936 when he made up a_nonsense_ language which sounded like no known nationality.Chaplin achieved great succe because he was an immensely _talented_ man and the kind of comic who used his _physical_ senses to invent his art as he went along.

However, the _collision_between the need to be loved and the fear of being _betrayed_ resulted in disaster in his _emotional_ life which was shown in his movies.Eventually, life gave Chaplin the stable _happine_, that is, his marriage with Oona O’Neil.Chaplin died on _Christmas_ Day 1977.

Unit3

Life in a wheelchair is tough.Living on welfare is just like sharing a dinner of raw pet food _with_ the cat.Many welfare _clients_ do not have money to _live_a decent life.As a result, lying and cheating the _welfare_ system for _extra_ money becomes normal.However, some unusual individuals, who have made a choice to live a life of complete _honesty_, do tell the truth to caseworkers and _declare_ any extra income they make.Being honest, however, is not without its problems.

Caseworkers will greatly _increase_ the frequency of their visits and leave behind a small mountain of paper work for the client to _fill_ out.The rules say that not a penny is to be _unaccounted_ for.Not a single gift, no matter how small, is to be unreported.These rules and the natural consequent lying unfortunately tend to transform caseworkers from being helpers of the poor to being _detectives_ constantly searching for any forms of cheating. Unit4 Telecommunications is widely conceived as a key to _developing_ countries’ dream of jumping into the modern world.Although there is some dispute as to how _fast_ they can push ahead with their plans, different developing countries are still seeking their own ways of leaping over their _backwardne_ with one jump in this direction.Surely, they will catch up with _developed_ countries on the information super-highway as long as they _persist_ in their efforts. Unit7 The book The History and Geography of Human Genes was written after the _researchers_ have spent 16 years examining the _genetic similarities_ between the populations of the world.This was achieved largely by taking the blood of hundreds of thousands of _individuals_ from all around the world, and then analyzing their _blood proteins_.Scientifically this has allowed the writers to discover the _routes_ taken by early people migrating around the world and also to show that _under the skin_we are all very similar on a genetic level.The ultimate goal of the study, however, is not just _scientific_: it hopes to have a _social_ effect by proving that there is no biological basic for _racial prejudice_. Unit10 If a busine does not adapt to changes in the busine environment, then _it will fail_.Recently it has been argued that _smart but inflexible employees_ don’t necearily have the abilities to _smart but inflexible employees_.It would appear that _flexibility and Emotional Intelligence_ rather than IQ is a more accurate measure of intelligence.It is also _a more accurate predictor of succe_.This is an important point for businees to understand because customers don’t really care about _how highly intelligent a busineman is_: they will take their busine to _wherever they are understood and respected_.Such a place will be a busine staffed with

people _with a high Emotional Intelligence who have the ability to understand and relate well to others_.

第16篇:第四届全国青少年英语读写大赛

第四届全国青少年英语读写大赛

主办单位:中国翻译协会、世界华人华侨社团联合总会、全国青少年英语读写大

赛组委会

征稿对象:四~六年级学生

征稿形式及内容:

1、反映中国传统文化的历史经典故事、民间传说、成语故;

事的改编等;

2、反映当代中国青少年学习、生活、思想等各个方面的文章及优秀学生习作;

3、英语短剧,反映中国传统文化及当代青少年生活,适合青少年表演。

征稿办法:

1、每位参赛者限一篇英文文章(并附中文),字数不限,大赛组委

会对参赛优秀作品会结集出版;

2、参赛作者姓名、性别、年龄、家庭通信地址、电话、学校班级等详细信息应于正文前注明。

3、文稿要求:宋体,小四,1.5倍行距,照片宽度580像素。

4、作品完成后发给本班英语老师: 汤老师: qianse721@yahoo.cn 截稿时间:2013年2月25日

作品评选:专家评委会由北京高校、中国翻译协会英语专家教授及英文杂志资深

编辑组成。评委会将对作品进行初评和定评,奖项设置一等奖、二等奖、三等奖,颁发荣誉证书和奖牌。特别设立优秀英语短剧创作奖,颁发荣誉证书。

第17篇:《大学英语》(一级)读写课程教学大纲

《大学英语》(一级)读写课程教学大纲

课程中文名称:大学英语读写(一级)

课程英文名称:College English (Intensive Reading)(Band One) 课程编号:TS15001-1 课程性质:通识教育课 学 时:40 学 分:2学分

适用对象:非英语专业一年级统招本科生 先修课程:高中英语课程

一、课程性质、目的与任务:

大学英语教学是高等教育的一个有机组成部分。大学英语读写一级课程是一年级上学期大学生的一门必修公共课,关系到学生是否能够顺利进行大学英语二级的学习以及学校的人才培养规格和学生的人才质量标准。

大学英语读写一级课程是以英语语言知识与应用技能、学习策略和跨文化交际为主要内容,以外语教学理论为指导,集多种教学方法和手段为一体的教学体系。 大学英语读写一级课程需要培养学生的英语综合应用能力,使他们能够顺利进行大学英语二级的学习,在今后的工作和社会交往中能阅读本专业领域的报刊杂志、能用英语有效地进行信息交流,同时增强其自主学习能力,提高综合文化修养,以适应我国社会发展和国际交流的需要。

二、教学基本要求:

大学英语读写一级教学必须把重点放在打好语言基础上。语言基础包括语言知识和语言应用能力,前者指语音、语法和词汇等方面的知识,后者指综合运用这些知识进行读、写、译等语言活动的能力。正确的语音语调、扎实的语法、一定的词汇量和熟练的词汇运用能力的提高有助于提高外语学习的效率,有利于提高语言应用能力。语言应用能力的提高也必将促进语言知识的加深和巩固。大学英语教学还应有助于学生开阔视野,扩大知识面,加深对世界的了解,借鉴和吸收外国文化精华,提高文化素养。文化和语言有着密切的联系,一定的文化背景知识有助于促进语言应用能力的提高。他们已掌握基本的英语语音和语法知识,领会式掌握1,800个英语单词(其中复用式掌握的单词1,200个),并在读、写等方面受过初步的训练。本科一级具体要求如下:

1.建议词汇量: 领会式掌握2500个单词,复用式掌握1500个词。 2.阅读理解能力:能够基本读懂语言难度一般的普通题材的文。学会基本的阅读技能。一般阅读速度达到每分钟60词,在快速阅读篇幅较长、难度略低的材料时,阅读速度达到每分钟70词。

3.书面表达能力:能根据所给的关键词和提纲在半小时内写出120词左右的短文。内容比较连贯,语法基本正确。

三、课程内容与学时分配

大学英语精读第一册由课文、生词、注释、练习、阅读练习和有引导的写作六部分组成。课文全部选用原文材料, 但有少量删改。生词释义采用英、汉结合的方式, 便于学生理解、记忆。课后注释尽量用英语, 供学生预习时参考。练习是按照教学大纲和本册教程的要求编写的, 练习量较大, 难度适当, 教师可根据学生的具体情况有选择地加以使用。按照教学大纲和本册教程的要求,本课程的

重点放在读写能力的培养和应用。教学过程主要由教师讲解和学生自主学习两种模式组成。原则上,学生每学习16~20学时,教师应给予至少1学时的辅导。

大学英语一级读写课程总学时量为40。精读教材全书共有十个单元, 每单元4个学时左右。教学时间主要用于课文分析和欣赏。

四:参考教材及图书资料(一) 参考教材

1.《大学英语精读(学生用书)》(第一册).上海: 上海外语教育出版社.2006.2.《新视野大学英语读写教程(学生用书)》(第一册).北京: 外语教学与研究出版社.2003.3.《710分大学英语同步水平练与考》(第一册).上海: 东华大学出版社,2008

(二) 学生课外阅读参考资料

1.《大学英语精读(教师用书)》(第一册).上海: 上海外语教育出版社.2006.2.《大学英语精读导学》(第一册).大连: 大连理工大学出版社.2006.

3.《大学英语课程教学要求(试行)》.北京: 外语教学与研究出版社.2004.4.《牛津英汉双解词典》.北京: 商务印书馆.2003.5.《剑桥英语学习词典》.北京: 外语教学与研究出版社.2002.6.《张道真英语语法》.北京: 商务印书馆国际有限公司.2002.7.《大学英语语法手册》.上海: 上海外语教育出版社.2004.8.为了扩大学生的阅读量,建议学生在学有余力的情况下,到我校图书馆借一些英语简易读本或原著进行阅读。

第18篇:广东高考英语读写任务满分作文

2009年广东高考英语读写任务满分作文

(1)

Should tourists take photos with animals?

Koalas in wildlife parks can’t fall asleep because tourists keep disturbing them.The government is thinking to make the tourists’ behavior illegal to protect theanimals.

When people are visiting wildlife parks, they like to take photographs with animals.Reasons for this are varied.Some contrast with taking photos with animals are funny in contrast with taking photos with other persons.Others may think that it will be interesting experience to take photos with animals during their visit.

If I were an animal in the wildlife park, I would feel annoyed when peoplekeep photographing with me.My life would be greatly influenced and I won’tfeel happy at all! I think I should have some private space and time to relax myself.

However, I don’t agree if it is announced illegal to take photos with animals.Tourist pay for tickets to visit the wildlife park and it will be a pity for them if they can’t have a photo with an animal.Perhaps wildlife park can set some special time, during this time, tourists can take photos with animals.It can both satisfy tourists and protect the animas.

(2)

Give Animals Freedom

The koalas had to be awoken as the tourists wanted to take photos with them, though the koalas felt sleepy or fell asleep.This could be an annoying thing, so the Auie government took some measures to ban such practice.

People like to take photos with animals when visiting the zoos.I really canunderstand the visitors because everyone has curiosity about the animals, maybe

for humans’ failure of reaching animals or just for the animals’ cutene.However, I don’t admire what the visitors had done.Animals in the zoos originally belong to the amazing nature world, on no account should they be trapped in cages or only be offered such limited zones.If I were those animals, I might get extremely furious as I was being awoken every time when trying to have a sound sleep.I might not bear being disturbed by others whenever I was attempting to get a good rest.

Since animals are humans’ good friend on the earth, we human beings should be in their shoes to think for them and respect their freedom.In my opinion, Idon’t think it is a right thing to allow visitors take pictures with animals.Animals need their space, freedom and what’s more, they totally have the right of resting as they are members of the earth.Why not respect animals? Give animals enough freedom and do not try to take photos with them all the time, but rather try to comfort tem with soft touching if being allowed!

(3)

The author takes Jackie as an example to tell us that koalas don’t like to be awoken because tourists want to hug and make photos with koalas.Besides, the native government tries to make the pratice illegal.

Naturally, people love to make photos with animals.On the one hand, they’d like to use the photos as something that reminds them of the travel.It can be understood that everyone wants to remember the happy moments.On the other hand, some people are crazy about lovely animals, such as deer, sheep and so on.As a result, they can’t help hugging with the animals and taking photos with them.

However, if I were those animals, I would not feel excited when tourists do that.Maybe my first reaction is to walk round and round, which helps me to avoi

d being touched.Then I would shout at them loudly to frighten them away.At last, I could pretend to be sleeping, which is a good way to let them down.

Since I would feel annoyed if I were an animal, the real animals must be upset.So I strongly oppose to be the behavior that tourists take photos with animals.They are our friends and share the same world with us.We ought to treat them better and respect them more.

(4)

Koalas at wildlife park in Australia are annoyed because they constantly awoken from their deep sleep to be photographed by visitors so that the park can profit from this.However, the government now is acting to make this pratice illegal, which is quite understandable.

People tend to take photos with animals in order to satisfy their curiosity to have a better look at the animals.Moreover, keeping photos of interesting animals will surely leave one a beautiful memory.

If I were an animals which is being photographed, I would certainly become scared when being touched by so many strangers.What’s more, I would lose my freedom to do whatever I want and that would drive me annoyed and crazy! Finally, facing all sorts of cameras would exhaust me or even make me weaker.

I believe that taking photos with animals should be banned.For one thing, animals are lives, too and they have the rights to live in freedom and happine.No one is to take their rights away.For another, taking photos with animals may lead to some unexpected dangers.Terrible virus carried by animals can spread to visitors and visitors may also be hurt by animals’ attacks.

All in all, taking photos with animals should be banned considering the good of both animals and visitors.

第19篇:《英语读写技能训练》实训报告

《英语读写技能训练》实训报告 姓名:杨云越 学号4090601133 班级 09英本1班

一、实训内容

1、阅读:

理解主题,猜测词义,理解作者意图。

实训中,老师讲授了一些阅读的方法和技巧,并配有相关的练习来将大家如何应用。并提出了做好阅读所应具备的一些基本要求。首先要提高阅读的基础水平,平时注重训练,多记一些专有名词和常用词汇,扩充词汇量。其次要求学生掌握一些词法、句法。第三,要求学生掌握语法知识是最重要的。并强调这三方面是“阅读训练”的基础,要求我们务必抓牢。

写作:记叙文和应用文写作

写作主要包括单词拼写、用词造句和书面表达三个方面。要提高书面表达的能力,首先应拥有一定的词汇量,记住和掌握一些常用的词汇是非常必要的。正如一些人所说:词汇是构建语言大厦的砖瓦。有了词汇的积累,才能连词成句,连句成篇。我们也进行了相应的练习,学习了一些识记词汇的技巧方法,进行了一些翻译练习。同时,老师重点讲解了记叙文和应用文写作,介绍了写作的框架结构和格式等,并针对同学们写作中出现的一些问题进行了指导。

2、书面表达

书面表达是综合运用英语的能力,特别是表达和传递信息的能力,所以对英语专业的我们相当重要。

第20篇:新视野大学英语读写2课文翻译

Unit 1 Section A 时间观念强的美国人

Para.1 美国人认为没有人能停止不前。如果你不求进取,你就会落伍。这种态度造就了一个投身于研究、实验和探索的民族。时间是美国人注意节约的两个要素之一,另一个是劳力。 Para.2 人们一直说:‚只有时间才能支配我们。‛人们似乎是把时间当作一个差不多是实实在在的东西来对待的。我们安排时间、节约时间、浪费时间、挤抢时间、消磨时间、缩减时间、对时间的利用作出解释;我们还要因付出时间而收取费用。时间是一种宝贵的资源,许多人都深感人生的短暂。时光一去不复返。我们应当让每一分钟都过得有意义。

Para.3 外国人对美国的第一印象很可能是:每个人都匆匆忙忙——常常处于压力之下。城里人看上去总是在匆匆地赶往他们要去的地方,在商店里他们焦躁不安地指望店员能马上来为他们服务,或者为了赶快买完东西,用肘来推搡他人。白天吃饭时人们也都匆匆忙忙,这部分地反映出这个国家的生活节奏。工作时间被认为是宝贵的。Para.3b 在公共用餐场所,人们都等着别人吃完后用餐,以便按时赶回去工作。你还会发现司机开车很鲁莽,人们推搡着在你身边过去。你会怀念微笑、简短的交谈以及与陌生人的随意闲聊。不要觉得这是针对你个人的,这是因为人们非常珍惜时间,而且也不喜欢他人‚浪费‛时间到不恰当的地步。

Para.4 许多刚到美国的人会怀念诸如商务拜访等场合开始时的寒暄。他们也会怀念那种一边喝茶或咖啡一边进行的礼节性交流,这也许是他们自己国家的一种习俗。他们也许还会怀念在饭店或咖啡馆里谈生意时的那种轻松悠闲的交谈。一般说来,美国人是不会在如此轻松的环境里通过长时间的闲聊来评价他们的客人的,更不用说会在增进相互间信任的过程中带他们出去吃饭,或带他们去打高尔夫球。既然我们通常是通过工作而不是社交来评估和了解他人,我们就开门见山地谈正事。因此,时间老是在我们心中的耳朵里滴滴答答地响着。

Para.5 因此,我们千方百计地节约时间。我们发明了一系列节省劳力的装臵;我们通过发传真、打电话或发电子邮件与他人迅速地进行交流,而不是通过直接接触。虽然面对面接触令人愉快,但却要花更多的时间, 尤其是在马路上交通拥挤的时候。因此,我们把大多数个人拜访安排在下班以后的时间里或周末的社交聚会上。

Para.6 就我们而言,电子交流的缺乏人情味与我们手头上事情的重要性之间很少有或完全没有关系。在有些国家, 如果没有目光接触,就做不成大生意,这需要面对面的交谈。在美国,最后协议通常也需要本人签字。然而现在人们越来越多地在电视屏幕上见面,开远程会议不仅能解决本国的问题,而且还能通过卫星解决国际问题。

Para.7 美国无疑是一个电话王国。几乎每个人都在用电话做生意、与朋友聊天、安排或取消社交约会、表达谢意、购物和获得各种信息。电话不但能免去走路之劳,而且还能节约大量时间。其部分原因在于这样一个事实:美国的电话服务是一流的,而邮政服务的效率则差一些。

Para.8 有些初来美国的人来自其他文化背景不同的国家,在他们的国家,人们认为工作太快是一种失礼。在他们看来,如果不花一定时间来处理某件事的话,那么这件事就好像是无足轻重的,不值得给予适当的重视。因此, 人们觉得用的时间长会增加所做事情的重要性。 但在美国,能迅速而又成功地解决问题或完成工作则被视为是有水平、有能力的标志。通常,工作越重要,投入的资金、精力和注意力就越多,其目的是‚使工作开展起来‛。

Unite 1

section B 文化冲击

Para.1 你认为在异国留学是一件听上去非常令人兴奋的事情吗? 会像许多离家去另一个国家学习的年轻人一样感觉很有趣吗? 这当然是一种崭新的经历,它会给你带来机会,让你发现许多迷人的东西,获得一种自由感。然而,尽管有这些好处,你也会遇到挑战。因为你的观点可能会与存在于不同国家的不同信念、准则、价值观念和传统发生冲突。你也许会感到很难去适应一种新的文化以及该文化中你不熟悉的那些部分。这就是‚文化冲击‛。人们经历文化冲击的过程至少包括四个主要阶段。 Para.2 第一阶段叫做‚蜜月期‛。在这一阶段,你会感觉到生活在一个不同国度里很兴奋,而且每一样东西看上去都妙不可言。你什么都喜欢,而且好像每个人都对你很好。另外,新的文化中的生活乐趣好像是无穷无尽的。

Para.3 然而,文化冲击的第二阶段终究会出现,这就是‚敌对期‛。你开始注意到并不是每样东西都像

1 你原先认为的那样好。你会对新的文化里的许多东西感到厌倦。此外,人们也不再把你当作一个客人来对待了。所有最初看上去非常美好的东西现在变得让人讨厌了,而且每一样东西都使你感到苦恼和厌倦。

Para.4 通常,在你适应一种新文化的这一阶段中,你会想出一些防卫性的办法来帮助你应付难关,保护自己免受文化冲击的影响。其中一种办法叫做‚压抑法‛。当你假装所有的东西都可以接受,没有什么东西令你感到烦恼的时候,你就是在运用压抑法。另一种防卫性办法称做‚倒退法‛。当你的行为举止开始显得比你实际年龄要小的时候,你就是在运用这种办法。这时,你的行为举止像一个小孩。你把什么都忘掉了,而且有时你会变得粗心大意,不负责任。第三种防卫性办法叫做‚孤立法‛。你宁可一个人呆在家里,不想和任何人交流。你想把自己封闭起来以避免文化冲击的影响,至少你是这样认为的。孤立法也许是人们用来对付文化冲击的最糟糕的办法之一,因为你把那些能真正帮助你的东西和你隔离开来了。最后一种防卫性办法叫做‚排斥法‛。这一办法让你觉得自己不需要任何人帮助。你觉得你可以独自把事情处理好,所以你就不想求助于人。

Para.5 你在敌意阶段使用的这些办法并不能解决问题。如果你仅仅是偶尔运用一下其中一个应付办法来帮助你生存下去,这也无妨。但是你必须谨慎。这些办法可能会真的使你受到伤害,因为它们会阻碍你对新的文化作出必要的调整。

Para.6 在克服了自己的敌对情绪后,你就会开始认识到文化冲击的短暂性。然后你就会步入被称为‚恢复期‛的第三阶段。在这个阶段,你会开始变得积极起来,而且你会努力去理解所有你不理解的东西。整个形势开始变得对你有利了,你会从前面两个阶段出现的症状中恢复过来。而且你开始使自己适应新的准则、新的价值观念,乃至这个新的国家的各种信念和传统。你开始明白,虽然这种新的文化的特点和你自己国家的文化特点有所不同,但其中也必定有值得你学习和欣赏的东西。 Para.7 文化冲击的最后一个阶段被称为‚适应期‛。在这个阶段,你真正达到了感觉良好的境界,因为你已经学到了很多东西, 已经能理解这种新的文化了。最初使你感到不舒服或陌生的东西,现在已成了你能理解的东西。这种理解会减轻你的许多压力。现在你感到自在了,你已经适应了新的文化。

Para.8 文化冲击是生活在异国他乡的人无法避免的东西。当你在经历文化冲击的这四个阶段时,它似乎并不是一件有益的事。然而,当你完全适应了某一种新的文化时,你会更加充分地喜爱这种文化的。

你学会了如何和他人交流,而且你还了解了大量与自己不同文化背景的人们的生活情况。此外,了解其他各种文化,以及懂得当你身处其中时如何去适应所受到的冲击,可以帮助你更好地了解自己。

Unit2学习奥林匹克标准的爱

Para.1 尼克莱•彼得罗维奇•安尼金一点都不像我想象的那么吓人。不,他不可能是我父亲特地送我来见的那位前苏联教练。

Para.2 可他的确是尼克莱•彼得罗维奇•安尼金本人。他请我进门,在沙发上坐了下来,又拍了拍身边的垫子,让我坐在他旁边。在他面前,我真的很紧张。 Para.3 ‚你还年轻,‛ 他的英语带着俄语口音:‚如果你愿意试着向奥林匹克运动会进军,我想你能行。长野奥运会来不及参加了,但你可以准备参加2002年盐湖城奥运会。‛

Para.4 ‚完全可以,不是吗?‛ 看到我脸上惊愕的表情,他又说道。我那时是一个很有前途的业余滑雪运动员,但在国内决不是顶尖选手。‚当然,你需要进行很多艰苦的训练,你会哭鼻子,但你一定会进步的。‛

Para.5 的确,后来我经历了无数痛苦的训练,还为此流了不少眼泪。但在后来的五年里,我总能从尼克莱讲的有趣故事和他的幽默感中得到鼓励。 Para.6 他开始总是说:‚我的朋友们常去看电影,去跳舞,去和女孩子约会,‛ 然后他会降低声音接着说:‚我就在运动场上训练、训练、再训练。第二年,我的15公里滑雪比赛成绩缩短了1.5分钟。‛ Para.7 ‚朋友们问我:‘尼克莱,你怎么做到的呢?’我回答:‘你们去看电影、跳舞、和女孩子约会,而我一直在训练、训练、再训练。’ ‛

Para.8 故事通常到这儿就结束了。但有一次——后来我们知道那天是他结婚25周年纪念日——他穿着一件旧的毛衣,很自豪地站着,微笑着轻声说道:‚告诉你们,我可是在26岁那年才第一次亲吻女孩子。她后来就和我结了婚。‛

Para.9 不管他是不是懂得浪漫,尼克莱知道什么是爱。他以一贯的幽默、默默的感恩、敏锐的感觉和真

2 诚的态度为爱设立了奥林匹克般的标准。即使在我结束了滑雪生涯之后,我仍一直努力去达到这个标准。 Para.10 但他又从不娇惯我。二月里的一天,我头很疼,感到十分疲倦。我在一片空地上遇见了了他,大概在寒风中的雪地里滑了十五分钟后,我赶上了他,有点小题大做地说:‚嘿,尼克莱,我感觉我要死了。‛

Para.11 ‚如果活到一百岁,人人都会死的,‛ 他对我的痛苦无动于衷,态度坚决地接着说:‚但你现在必须滑、滑、再滑。‛

Para.12 在滑雪板上,我照他说的去做。但在其他事情上我会反抗他。在一次经费并不宽裕的滑雪露营活动中,他让我们十个人挤在一个单身汉住的芬兰式屋子里。第一天我们醒来时发现尼克莱正在做早餐。然后我们坐在临时拼凑起来的椅子上,围着张小小的牌桌,用勺子很快地吃完早饭。吃完后,尼克莱把摞起来的油腻腻的碗向我和我唯一的另一个女队友前一推,专断地说:‚女孩子们,现在去洗碗吧!‛

Para.13 我把餐巾往地上一扔,向他骂道:‚让该死的男孩子们去洗吧! 这不公平!‛ 他没再让我去洗碗,也没对我的大发脾气显得太在意。他只在滑雪时才显露出强烈的情感。 Para.14 训练的时候,他会跟着我们迈步的节奏大声发出指令:‚对,就这样,一二三,一二三。‛ 我祖父的一个好朋友——一位上了年纪的女士——看了尼克莱带我训练的录像带后问道:‚他也教舞蹈吗?‛

Para.15 在训练时,我一刻不停地纠正着尼克莱指出的错误。每完成一个动作,我都会问他自己是否有了进步。

Para.16 ‚是的,还行。但如果膝盖能屈得更快些就更好了。‛

Para.17 ‚可我滑得够快了吗?‛ 我坚持问他。

Para.18 最后他会皱起眉头说:‚你得无数次地重复,动作才能达到完美。‛ 他提醒我‚必须有耐心‛,言语之间流露出‚我已经告诉过你无数次了‛的意思。

Para.19 尼克莱的耐心和我的勤奋使我在全国名列第四,并开始为奥运会季前赛做准备。但后来我没能被选拔参加2002年奥运会。

Para.20 去年夏天,我回去拜访尼克莱。他给我沏了茶•还自己洗了碗!我们坐在沙发上聊天。怀念起前一年的奥林匹克队,我一时沉默,回想起自己曾经获得的一切——很重要的一点就是我和这个穿着颇具热带风情衬衫、个子不高的男人之间形成了并不张扬但又牢不可摧的纽带。

Para.21 尼克莱教会我即使需要无数次的努力,也要有勇气、热情和严格的纪律来坚持下去。他还教会我为了能在这世界上生活一辈子而预先心存感激,并每天提醒自己:即便面临许多挑战,‚现在心里有的必须是爱、爱、爱。‛

奥林匹克的卓越标准

Para.1 奥林匹克运动会依然是一个为竞争而竞争的最纯粹的例子。运动员们在事业和身体上作出牺牲,他们冒着受伤、受挫和彻底失败的危险,仅仅为了国家和自身的荣誉而竞争。为了获得这样的荣誉,运动员必须发挥在自己的项目上的最佳水平,在世界最大的竞技舞台上发挥模范作用。虽然必须承认,有的运动员利用兴奋剂来提升自己的表现,从而取得优势,但他们从未获得过奥运会所能给予的唯一真正的奖赏,那就是荣誉。而且他们也从未体验过通过刻苦训练与决心这些美德而获胜所带来的光荣感。 Para.2 迄今为止,卡尔•刘易斯是奥运会田径项目最伟大的选手,也是奥运精神的典范。这不仅是因为他屡屡获得金牌——刘易斯在四个项目的比赛中获得过九枚金牌,在100米短跑和跳远比赛中保持世界记录——而且是因为他天性中所富有的竞争力和从1984年到1996年间在每一届奥运会上所表现出的竞争和获胜的能力。如果不是美国拒绝出席1980年奥运会,他也会参加那一年的奥运竞赛。凭着速度、稳定的发挥、诚实,尤其是获胜的渴望,刘易斯的表现非秒表所能计量,甚至使时间也停滞不前。他要求自己发挥出最佳水平,而且他取得最好成绩靠的不是服用药物,而是无与伦比的自制力和训练时的完全投入。

Para.3 令人惊讶的是,卡尔•刘易斯的父母在他年幼时鼓励他去上音乐课,而不是去参加田径训练。但是他不愿去,而是把一条胶带粘在地上,以此标出跳远世界记录的距离,然后以非凡的决心开始向着目标练习跳远。他的父亲评价道:‚有些孩子今天想着以后当消防员,明天又梦想成为电影明星。卡尔决心练习田径, 后来始终没有改变。他说他想成为最好的,就这些。‛ 他多年的训练和从容的自信为他以后卓越的田径生涯打好了基础。

Para.4 然而在1985年,卡尔•刘易斯的运动生涯蒙上了一片阴影:加拿大短跑运动员本•约翰逊在100

3 米短跑中频频击败刘易斯。虽然1988年刘易斯参加汉城奥运会时满怀信心,但就算对径赛知之甚少的旁观者们也都认为约翰逊会获胜。全世界都急切地观望着,等待着,想知道谁是‚世界上跑得最快的人‛。当选手们在最后一轮比赛中站在起跑线上时,所有照相机的镜头都对准了刘易斯和约翰逊。发令枪‚啪‛地一声响过之后,运动员从起跑线上冲了出去。人们习惯于看到刘易斯在赛程的前一半落在后面——他就是这种与众不同的风格——最后来个大跨步的奋力冲刺。因此,当他们看到约翰逊凭着起跑时的爆发力领先时都屏住了呼吸,不知道刘易斯最后的冲刺是否能够击败对手。当他们逼近终点线的时候,刘易斯奋力加速,但是,可惜的是,刘易斯9.92秒的个人最好成绩不敌约翰逊9.79秒的世界记录。约翰逊被称为‚历史上跑得最快的人‛,而刘易斯看来以后的比赛中只能争夺第二名了。但两天以后,约翰逊因赛后的药检结果显示其服用了类固醇而被取消了金牌,并被国际奥委会送回国。金牌被转而授予刘易斯,可很多人并不认为他获得了真正的胜利,而他也被席卷进对田径赛的一片指责声中。更糟糕的是,刘易斯以前的一个对手指控他也服用了类固醇。刘易斯对此坚决予以否认,并在法官面前证明杂志刊登这样的消息是毫无根据的行为,以此作为反击。他一次次地参加药检以证明自身的清白。刘易斯反对在比赛中服用类固醇。除了在谣言中,他从未和使用药物的丑闻联系在一起过。

Para.5 凭着对运动的持续奉献和对竞技的热爱,刘易斯消除了人们对径赛项目的一些疑虑,阻止了汉城奥运会后民众对奥运会支持下降的颓势。他以自己的不断努力和对短跑和跳远的诚实参与向世界证明,奥林匹克精神并未消亡。1992年,刘易斯第三次参加奥运会,并在跳远和4×100米接力赛中获得两枚金牌。他在公众中所受到的欢迎不亚于一位国王受到的礼遇。

Para.6 令人惊叹的卡尔•刘易斯已经证明自己不同于历史上任何一位运动员。这并不是因为他能获胜,而是因为他能诚实地获胜,他热爱竞争,他能在最长的时间里做出最大的努力。他对体育竞技的热爱真正为奥林匹克的卓越设立了新的标准。

UNIT 3

SECTION A跨国婚姻

Para.1 我和盖尔计划举行一个不事张扬的婚礼。在两年的相处中,我们的关系经历了起伏,这是一对情侣在学着相互了解、理解和尊重时常常出现的。但在这整整两年间,我们坦诚地面对彼此性格中的弱点和优点。

Para.2 我们之间的种族及文化差异不但增强了我们的关系,还教会了我们要彼此宽容、谅解和开诚布公。盖尔有时不明白为何我和其他黑人如此关注种族问题,而我感到吃惊的是,她好像忘记了美国社会中种族仇恨种种微妙的表现形式。

Para.3 对于成为居住在美国、异族通婚的夫妻,我和盖尔对未来没有不切实际的幻想。相互信任和尊重才是我们俩永不枯竭的力量源泉。

Para.4 许多夫妻因为错误的理由结了婚, 结果在 10 年、20 年或 30 年后才发觉他们原来是合不来的。他们在婚前几乎没有花时间去互相了解,他们忽视了严重的性格差异,指望婚姻会自然而然地解决各种问题。我们希望避免重蹈覆辙。事实更说明了这一点:已经结婚 35 年的盖尔的父母正经历着一场充满怨恨、令人痛苦的婚变,这件事给盖尔带来了很大打击, 并一度给我们正处于萌芽状态的关系造成了负面影响。

Para.5 当盖尔把我们计划举办婚礼的消息告诉家人时,她遇到了一些阻力。她的母亲德博拉过去一直赞成我们的关系,甚至还开过玩笑,问我们打算何时结婚,这样她就可以抱外孙了。但这次听到我们要结婚的消息时,她没有向我们表示祝贺,反而劝盖尔想清楚自己的决定是否正确。

Para.6 ‚这么说我跟他约会没错,但是如果我跟他结婚,就错了。妈妈,是不是因为他的肤色?‛ 盖尔后来告诉我她曾这样问她母亲。

Para.7 ‚首先我必须承认,刚开始时我对异族通婚是有保留意见的,也许你甚至可以把这称为偏见。但是当我见到马克时,我发现他是一个既讨人喜欢又聪明的年轻人。任何一个母亲都会因为有这样一个女婿而感到脸上有光的。所以,这事跟肤色没有关系。是的,我的朋友们会说闲话。 有些朋友甚至对你所做的事表示震惊。但他们的生活与我们的不同。因此你要明白,马克的肤色不是问题。我最大的担心是你也许跟我当初嫁给你爸爸一样,为了错误的原因而嫁给马克。当年我和你爸爸相遇时,在我眼中,他可爱、聪明、富有魅力又善解人意。一切都是那么新鲜、那么令人兴奋。而且我们两人都认为,我们的婚姻是理想婚姻,至少表面上看是如此,而且一切迹象都表明我们的婚姻会天长地久。直到后来我才明白,在我们结婚时,我并不十分理解我所爱的人——你的爸爸。‛

4 Para.8 ‚但是我和马克呆在一起已有两年多了,‛ 盖尔抱怨道。‚我们俩一起经历了许许多多的事情。我们彼此多次看到对方最糟糕的一面。我可以肯定时间只能证明我们是彼此深情相爱的。‛

Para.9 ‚你也许是对的。但我还是认为再等一等没坏处。你才 25 岁。‛

Para.10 盖尔的父亲戴维—— 我还未见过他的面—— 以知事莫若父的态度对待我们的决定。他问的问题基本上和盖尔母亲的问题相同:‚干吗这么匆忙? 这个马克是什么人? 他是什么公民身份?‛当他得知我办公民身份遇到了问题时,就怀疑我是因为想留在美国而娶他女儿的。

Para.11 ‚不过爸爸,你这话讲得太难听了,‛ 盖尔说。 Para.12 ‚那么干吗要这样着急?‛ 他重复地问。

Para.13 ‚马克是有公民身份方面的问题,但他总是在自己处理这些问题,‛ 盖尔辩解道。‚事实上,当我们在讨论结婚的时候,他清楚地表明了一点:如果我对任何事情有怀疑, 我完全可以取消我们的计划。‛

Para.14 她父亲开始引用统计数据说明异族通婚的离婚率比同族结婚的要高,而且还列举了接受过他咨询的、在婚姻上有麻烦的异族通婚夫妇的例子。 Para.15 他问道:‚你考虑过你将来的孩子可能会遭受的苦难吗?‛

Para.16 ‚爸爸,你是种族主义者吗?‛

Para.17 ‚不,当然不是。但你必须得现实一点。‛

Para.18 ‚也许我们的孩子会遇到一些问题。但谁的孩子不会呢?可是有一样东西他们将会永远拥有,那就是我们的爱。‛

Para.19 ‚那是理想主义的想法。人们对异族通婚生下的孩子是会很残酷的。‛

Para.20 ‚爸爸,到时候我们自己会操心的。但是假如我们在做什么事之前,就必须把所有的疑难问题全部解决的话,那么我们几乎什么都干不成了。‛ Para.21 ‚记住,你什么时候改变主意都不晚。‛ Section B unit 3 里奇拜见未来的岳母 Para.1 经过反复思考,我终于想出了一个绝妙的计划:让里奇与我妈妈见面,并把她争取过来。事实上, 让我妈妈特地为他掌勺烧饭是我做的安排。

Para.2 一天,妈妈打电话给我,要我参加爸爸的生日宴。我弟弟文森特将带上他的女友莉萨 • 卢姆。我也可以带一个朋友去。

Para.3 我知道妈妈会亲自下厨的,因为烧菜做饭是表达她的爱、她的自豪和她在家中权力的方式,也可用以证明她比其他任何人都懂得多。‚千万记住在饭后告诉我妈妈,说她做的饭菜是你吃过的饭菜中最可口的,‛ 我对里奇说, ‚相信我的话。‛

Para.4 爸爸生日宴的前夜,我坐在厨房里看着妈妈忙乎,等待合适的时机来告诉她我们的结婚计划。我们已决定在 7 月结婚,大约还有 7 个月的时间。她正在把大蒜切成小方块,把卷心菜切成小片,同时闲聊着有关素媛姨妈的事: ‚她只会看着烹饪指南烧菜, 而我对烹饪了如指掌。我只要用鼻子闻闻就知道该放什么佐料了!‛ 她切得很快,好像一点也不注意她手中那把锋利的切菜刀,我真害怕她的手指尖也会成为紫色蔬菜烧猪肉的佐料。

Para.5 我希望她会先提起里奇。我注意到了她开门时的面部表情, 她当时勉强地笑了笑,从头到脚地打量着里奇,以验证素媛阿姨对里奇的评价。我尽力设想她会有哪些不满意的地方。

Para.6 里奇不仅不是华人,而且他还比我小几岁。更糟的是,由于他那头红色的卷发、光洁白晰的皮肤以及鼻子两边一片桔黄色的雀斑, 他看上去比我年轻了很多。他稍微矮了一点,长得很结实。他身穿深色套装,看上去讨人喜欢,但让人过眼就忘,就像追悼会上遇见的某个人的侄子。这就是为什么我们在公司里一起工作的第一年里我没有注意到他的原因。但是我妈妈却把一切都看在了眼里。

Para.7 ‚你认为里奇怎么样?‛ 终于, 我屏住呼吸问道。

Para.8 她把大蒜扔进了烧热的油锅里,发出了刺耳的响声。‚他脸上那么多斑点,‛ 她说。

Para.9

我听后感到背上起了鸡皮疙瘩。‚那是雀斑,你知道雀斑象征着好运。‛ 我感到我得为他辩解。我提高嗓门压倒厨房里的噪声,我自己也感到我太激动了点。 Para.10 ‚哦,是吗?‛ 她不经意地说。

Para.11 ‚是的,雀斑越多越好。人人都知道这一点。‛

5 Para.12 她想了一会儿, 然后笑了, 接着用汉语方言说:‚也许是这样。你小时候得过水痘。长了许多小痘痘,你只好在家里呆了 10 天。可真走运啊,你想想!‛

Para.13 我在厨房里救不了里奇,后来在餐桌上我也救不了他。

Para.14 他买了瓶法国葡萄酒,并不知道我父母不喜欢这玩意儿,我父母甚至连像样的红酒杯也没有。接着他又犯了个错误:他喝了不是一杯,而是满满两大毛玻璃杯的葡萄酒,而其他人的杯子里都只有半英寸高的酒,大家只是 ‚尝尝而已‛ 。

Para.15 最糟糕的是他批评了我妈妈的烹饪手艺,而他竟然没意识到自己做了什么。我妈妈总是要对她自己的烹饪发表一些评论,说一些自己的菜烧得不好之类的话,这是中国厨师的习惯。那晚她原打算说说自己的拿手菜——梅干菜蒸肉,上这个菜时她总是特别得意。

Para.16 ‚唉,这个菜不够咸,没味道,‛ 尝了一小口后,她抱怨道。‚太难吃了。‛

Para.17 这句话在我们家意味着让大家来尝一点,并且还要说这道菜是妈妈做得最好的一次。但是我们还没能来得及说一些这样圆滑得体的话,里奇就说:‚嗯,这菜只需要加一点点酱油。‛ 接着他无视我母亲惊诧的眼光,把许多咸乎乎、黑溜溜的东西倒进了瓷盘里。

Para.18 虽然吃饭时,我一直希望我妈妈能从某种角度看到里奇的善良、幽默感和魅力,但是我清楚里奇在她的眼里已经是一败涂地了。

Para.19 很显然,里奇对那晚有完全不同的看法。那晚我们回到家里,安臵肖莎娜上床睡觉后,他谦虚地说:‚嗯,我觉得我们相处得很不错。‛ UNIT 4 SECTION B纳粹统治下的爱

Para.1 1942年冬季的一天,寒冷刺骨。但在纳粹集中营中,这与别的日子没有什么差别。自我从家中被人带走并随着数万犹太人被带到这儿以来,我已濒临死亡,只能活一天算一天,活一小时算一小时。我们在纳粹可怕的皮鞭下受尽煎熬。明天我还会活着吗?今晚我会不会被带到毒气室去?或是被警卫简简单单地用来复枪射杀?

Para.2 我在铁丝网边踱来踱去。我并没有留意自己的脚步,只是机械地在这块地上移动,在发现可以用来生火的一小块木头.或其他东西时,我偶尔跪下来查看一下。突然,我看到一个小女孩从铁丝网那边走来。她的步履轻盈,仿佛不受重力的影响,宛如仙子。她停下来,用忧伤的眼睛看着我。集中营里的生活已经损害了我的健康。我想把目光挪开,因为我一副病容、枯瘦如柴,又穿着破烂肮脏的衣服,被一个陌生人这样打量,我感到特别害臊,但我的目光却无法从她的眼睛移开。

Para.3 这时她把手伸进口袋,掏出一个红苹果。噢,我有多久没有看到这样的苹果了!它又是多么地闪闪发亮——比任何水晶都耀眼!她非常谨慎地左右看看,然后一下子把它抛过铁栅栏。我把它捡起来,用我冻僵的手捧着它。在这充满死亡的世界中,这苹果无疑代表了生命,而她的举动就是爱的果实。我抬头瞥见那女孩在远处渐渐消失。

Para.4 第二天,就像被磁力吸引一样,我又来到了铁丝网边的那块地方。我希望她再次出现。我是不是疯了?当然是。但在这里,我不放弃任何一丝微小的希望。

Para.5 她又来了。她又一次给我带来了苹果,比上次更精确地将它抛过了铁丝网。苹果飞过铁丝网,正好从我的头顶上方落下来。我在空中接住了苹果,高举着让她看。她的眼中闪着光芒。

Para.6 接下来的七个月我们就这样相会,而我也习惯了这样的苹果餐,但不久一切都结束了。一天,我听到一个骇人的消息:我将被押往另一个集中营

Para.7 第二天,当我再见到她的时候,我的心都碎了,我几乎无法说话,但我必须说明白:‚明天别再给我带苹果了,‛我告诉她说:‚我将被押往另一个集中营。我们再也不能见面了。‛在我完全失去控制前我转身从铁丝网边跑开了。我实在不忍心再回头看。如果我转身,我知道,她会看见我的脸颊上滑落的眼泪。

Para.8 岁月流逝。转眼到了1957年。我住在纽约,生活状况与纳粹德国期间的情景相差何止天地。我做铝栅栏安装和回收的生意,并且发了点小财。我一个做保险的朋友劝说我与他的一位女性朋友相亲。我勉强同意了。她人还不错,叫罗玛,像我一样,她也是移民,因此至少在这一点上我们有共同之处。 Para.9 ‚你是在战争期间流亡来到这里的吗?‛罗玛用移民相互之间问及那段岁月时所特有的体贴方式柔声细语地问道。

Para.10 ‚不是。那时我在德国的集中营里,‛我答道。我没有说明哪个集中营,也没有说其他任何细节。这个故事太乏味了,因为我已经重复过许多次了。

6 Para.11 罗玛的双眼透出若有所思的神色,好像回忆起了某件痛苦而又甜蜜的事情。

Para.12 ‚你怎么了?‛我问她。

Para.13 ‚是这样,我小时候住在集中营附近。那儿有一个男孩,一个小囚犯,有很长一段时间我每天都去看他。我记得我常常带苹果去扔给他。我把苹果从铁丝网上扔过去,那时他会非常开心。‛ Para.14 我的心猛地一下子剧烈地跳动起来。我凝视着她问:‚是不是那个男孩有一天对你说‘明天别给我带苹果了。我将被押往另外一个集中营’?‛

Para.15 ‚没错,是啊,‛罗玛用颤抖的声音应道。‚但你怎么会知道的?‛

Para.16 我从桌边站起身来,拥抱着她说:‚因为我就是那个小男孩,罗玛。‛ UNIT 5 SECTION A我为女儿抽烟哭泣

我的女儿会抽烟。她做家庭作业时,脚搁在前面的长凳上,计算机嗒嗒地跳出几何题的答案。 我看着那包已抽了一半、她随意扔在紧靠手边处的骆驼牌香烟。 我拿起香烟,走到厨房里去仔细察看,那里的光线好一点——谢天谢地,那是有过滤嘴的。 可我心里却感到十分难过。我想哭。 事实上,站在炉子旁边, 我确实哭过。我手里捏着一支雪白雪白的香烟,制作得非常精致。那可是会致我女儿于死地的东西啊。 当她抽‚万宝路‛及‚运动员‛牌香烟时,我硬起心肠, 不让自己感到难过。我认识的人当中没有哪个抽过这两种牌子的香烟。

她不知道我父亲、也就是她外公生前抽的就是骆驼牌香烟。 但是在他开始抽机制卷烟之前——那时他很年轻、也很穷,但眼睛炯炯有神——他抽的是用阿尔伯特亲王牌烟丝自己手工卷制的香烟。 我还记得那鲜红的烟丝罐头,上面有一张维多利亚女王的丈夫阿尔伯特亲王身穿黑色燕尾服、手拿一支手杖的图片。

到40年代末、50年代初,我的家乡佐治亚州的伊腾顿镇上已没有人再自己手工制作卷烟了(而且几乎没有女人抽烟)。 烟草业,再加上好莱坞电影——影 片中的男女主角都是老烟鬼——把像我父亲那样的人完完全全争取了过去, 他们无可救药地抽烟上了瘾。

然而我父亲看上去从来就没有像阿尔伯特亲王那样时髦。他还是一个贫穷、过于肥胖、为养活一大家人而拼命干活的男人。他浑身漆黑,嘴里却总叼着一支雪白的香烟。

我记不清父亲是什么时候开始咳嗽的, 也许开始时并不明显, 他早晨一下床点燃第一支香烟时才有点微咳。 到我16岁, 也就是我女儿现在这般年龄时,他一呼吸就呼哧呼哧的,让人感到不安;他上楼时每走

三、四级楼梯就得停下来休息一会儿。他常常一连咳上一个来小时。

肺病把我父亲折磨得虚弱不堪, 一个严冬,他死于被叫做‚穷人的朋友‛的疾病—肺炎。 他咳嗽了这么多年,我想他的肺部已没有什么完好的地方了。 去世前几年,他的呼吸已经很虚弱了,他总得倚靠着某个东西。我记得有一次全家聚会,当时我女儿才2岁,他抱了她一会儿,好让我有时间给他俩拍张照片。 但是很明显,他是费了好大劲的。他生命行将结束前, 主要是因为他的肺功能已极度受损,他才戒了烟。 戒烟后他的体重增加了几磅,但当时他太瘦了,所以没人注意到这一点。

我到第三世界国家去旅行时,看到了许多像我父亲和女儿那样的人。 到处都有针对他们这两类人的巨大广告牌:强壮、自信或时髦、年龄较大的男人, 以及漂亮、‚世故‛的年青女人,都在吞云吐雾。 就像在美国的市中心区和印第安人的居留地上发生的事一样,

在这些贫困的国家里,那些本应该花在食物上的钱却流进了烟草公司。

久而久之,人们不但缺少食物,而且还缺少空气,这样不但大大地削弱了孩子们的体质,还使他们染上了烟瘾,最终还会致他们于死地。 我在报纸及我订阅的园艺杂志上看到, 烟蒂的毒性是很强的:一个婴儿如果吞下了一个烟蒂,就很有可能会死去; 沸水加一把烟蒂就成了很有效的杀虫剂。

作为一个母亲,我感到深深的痛苦。 有时我有一种无能为力的感觉。 我记得自己怀孕时,吃东西的时候是多么当心啊! 之后在教她如何安全穿过马路时,又是多么耐心啊! 有时我纳闷:自己这样做到底是为了什么? 难道是为了她今后大半辈子有气无力地挣扎着呼吸,然后再像她外公那样自己把自己毒死?

我特别喜欢一条写在受伤害妇女收容所里的语录:‚人间平安,始于家庭。‛ 我认为世上所有东西都是如此。我还想起了另一条写给那些想戒烟的人们的语录: ‚每个家庭都应该是禁烟区。‛ 抽烟是一种自我毁灭,而且也毁灭着那些不得不坐在你身边的人。那些人偶尔也会取笑或抱怨抽烟,可常常只能无可奈何地坐在一边看。我现在意识到了,当我还是一个孩子时,许多年中我实际上是一直坐在旁边,看

7 着我父亲自杀。 对那些生意兴隆的烟草公司的巨头们来说,能在我家取得这样一种胜利,肯定是够满意了。

UNIT 5 SECTION B别再宠坏孩子

Para.1

我四处奔波,应约作各种演讲,常在他人家里过夜,被安排在孩子的卧室里。 我经常发现孩子房间里玩具实在太多了,甚至几乎连我盥洗用具小包也无处可放。还有壁橱通常也是塞满了衣服,因此我几乎无法把我的夹克衫塞进去。

Para.2 我不是在抱怨谁,只是在表明一种观点。我发现给孩子们买太多的玩具和衣服的倾向在美国家庭已是司空见惯。我不仅认为孩子们把家长的慷慨大方视作理所当然的家庭实在太多了,而且认为这种做法的后果实际上对孩子们来说也是有害的。

Para.3 家长为什么要给孩子们那么多的东西?或者要给孩子们买他们买不起的东西?我认为这有好几方面的原因。

Para.4

一个颇为常见的原因就是父母亲们是出于内疚感而溺爱孩子的。都是全日上班的父母也许会因为不能常常和孩子在一起而感到内疚。他们可能想通过给孩子们大量物质的东西作为对他们的补偿。

Para.5 其它类型的父母给孩子买这买那,是因为他们想让孩子拥有他们自己童年时所拥有的每一样东西,再加上那些他们过去想得到而未能得到的东西。还有些家长不愿拒绝孩子们永无休止的买玩具的要求,是因为他们害怕孩子会认为父母不爱他们,或者害怕如果他们得不到和小伙伴相同的玩具会被人取笑。

Para.6 当家长无法顶住孩子的无理要求时,也会发生宠孩子的现象。这样的父母会在拒绝和让步之间动摇不定 — 但是好像没有哪种办法能使他们感到满意。如果他们拒绝孩子的请求,他们会立即因为对孩子太严格或太不慷慨而感到一阵后悔。如果他们让步了,也会因为太容易让步而感到懊悔和自责。这样的反复无定不但削弱了父母管教孩子的能力,同时也在某种程度上使父母与子女之间的关系变味 — 使家长和子女失去存在于健康家庭里的某些幸福和相互尊重。

Para.7 但是, 用物质的东西来宠爱孩子几乎不能减轻父母的内疚感(因为父母从不会感到他们给孩子的东西已经够了), 也不会使孩子们觉得自己得到了更多的爱(因为孩子真正想要的是父母的时间和对他们的注意)。相反,给的东西太多可能是有害的。在一定程度上,孩子可能变得贪婪、自私、忘恩负义,对他人的需要和感觉变得麻木不仁,而且首先从对自己父母的态度开始。给孩子的东西太多会逐渐削弱他们对父母的尊敬。事实上,孩子们已经开始感到父母的无限制的慷慨大方是不对的。这种矛盾的结果可能是这些孩子会反过来提出更高的要求,并下意识地希望:如果他们逼得凶些,他们就能迫使他们的父母亲建立起教育子女的规范。

Para.8 另外, 被宠坏的孩子不象那些拥有玩具较少的孩子会在做游戏时被激发出更大的创造性。由于他们一提出要求时,每一样东西都马上就能得到满足,他们了解金钱价值的机会就比别人少,而且他们在一时不能得到满足的情况下如何应对方面经验也比别的孩子少。

Para.9 讨论这个问题的真正目的不是要告诉家长们应该给孩子们多少才适当。确切地讲,我的目的是帮助那些已经意识到自己也许是在宠坏孩子、但又不知道如何纠正这一做法的家长们。

Para.10 有时你也许会对自己是否要对孩子提出的许多要求做出让步感到没有把握。 这并不意味着你不能改变。首先,你应该设法弄清楚是什么东西使你让步、或者让你感到内疚的。然后,即使没能找出原因,你也该开始做出果断的决定,并试着用迅速、果断的方式对孩子的要求做出反应。

Para.11 一旦你改变了以往的做法,你也不能指望马上有效果。有时你肯定会摇摆不定的。关键是你要对逐渐的进步感到满足,要预见到并接受可能伴随这种改变而来的偶尔失误。还有,即使你以更坚定、更自信的方式实施着你的决定,也不能指望你的孩子会马上做出反应。在一段时间内,他们会继续对你施加曾经很有效的、老一套的压力。但一旦他们知道不停的抱怨和争论再也不会起作用时,他们最终是会尊重你的决定的。这样做的结果是:你和你的孩子都会对此感到比以前更加开心。

UNIT 6 SECTION A

人如其名

Para.1 在她人生最初的24年里,人们一直叫她戴比——一个和她的漂亮容貌和优雅举止不相配的名字。‚我的名字总是使我觉得自己应该是一个厨子,‛ 她抱怨道,‚我真的不想要戴比这个名字。‛

Para.2 一天,在填写一份出版工作职位的申请表时,这位小姐一时冲动,用她的中名林恩替了她的名字戴比。 ‚这是我一生中干得最漂亮的一件事,‛ 现在她对人这样说,‚一旦我不再称自己为戴比,我就感到好多了• 而且其他人也开始更认真地对待我了。‛ 顺利地通过那次工作面试两年后,这位昔日的女

8 服务员现在成了一位成功的杂志编辑。朋友和同事们都叫她林恩。

Para.3 当然,戴比(或林恩)的职业成就并不是改名带来的,但是这肯定给她带来了好处,虽说改名仅使她对自己的才能增加了一点点自信。社会科学家认为你叫什么名字会影响你的生活。从古至今,名字不仅被用来识别人,而且也被用来描述人。《圣经》上说:人如其名。此外,《韦伯斯特大词典》也对名字作了如下的定义:表达某种特点的一个或几个字,这种特点被认为反映了某人或某事的本质,或描述了某人某事,常表示嘉许或不赞成的意思。请好好注意这几个词:‚嘉许或不赞成‛。不管是好是坏,诸如友好或拘谨、相貌平平或漂亮妩媚等特征已经在你的名字中有所暗示,甚至他人在见到你本人之前就已经知道你的这些特征了。

Para.4 名字是与特定形象相关联的,任何一个被称为‚相貌平常的简‛或‚普普通通的乔‛的人都能证明这一点。后面的那个名字特别使我烦恼,因为我也叫乔。有些人认为这个名字使我更适合于做一名棒球运动员而不是别的什么职业,比如说艺术评论家。然而,尽管有此局限,我确实曾一度设法成为了一名艺术评论家。 即便如此,一家著名杂志一直拒绝把‚乔‛作为我的文章署名,而是用我名字的首字母 J.S.来代替。我怀疑,假如我的名字是比较文雅的阿瑟或艾德里安的话,我的名字早已完整地出现在杂志上了。

Para.5 当然,有积极含义的名字对你是有好处的,甚至能促进你结交新朋友。最新调查表明:美国男士认为苏珊是最有吸引力的女性名字,而女士则认为理查德和戴维是最有吸引力的男性名字。我认识一位女士,她就拒绝了一次与一位叫哈里的男人见面,因为‚这人的名字听上去没劲‛。 可就在几天后的一个晚间聚会上,她走到我身边,催我把她介绍给一位气度不凡的男人;他们俩人整个晚上都在互送秋波。‚哦,‛ 我说:‚你指的是哈里呀。‛ 她听了后感到很尴尬。

Para.6 虽然我们中大多数人会认为自己没有这样的偏见,但在某种程度上,我们都多多少少对名字产生过成见。说实话,你碰到一个名叫奈杰儿的木匠会不会感到惊讶呢? 或是一个叫伯莎的物理学家? 抑或是一个叫梅尔的教皇? 正如我的一位女性朋友在照看托儿所里四岁的儿童时所发现的那样,我们常常把由名字引起的固有想法加到他人身上。‚在托儿所里,有一次我想让一个很活跃的名叫朱利安的小男孩静静地坐下来看书,而把一个喜欢沉思、名叫罗里的孩子推出去打球。因为他们的名字,我把他们的性格给搞混了!‛

Para.7 很明显,这样的偏见也会影响课堂成绩。在一项由圣迭戈州立大学的赫伯特•哈拉里及乔治亚州立大学的约翰•麦克戴维主持的研究中发现,教师总是给署名为埃尔默和休伯特的作文打较低的分数,但当把这两篇作文的署名改为迈克尔和戴维时,老师给的分数就要高些。但是教师的偏见不是造成课堂成绩差别的唯一原因。 坦普尔大学的托马斯•V•布塞博士和路易莎•瑟拉里达里安发现:那些名叫琳达、黛安、芭芭拉、卡罗尔及辛迪之类的女孩们在评分较客观的智力测验和学业成绩测验中的表现比那些名字不太有吸引力的女孩要好。(一个与之相关的研究表明:女孩受同伴欢迎的程度也与她们的名字受欢迎的程度有关系,虽然对男孩来说这种关系不太明显。)

Para.8 虽然你父母很可能想让你的名字用一辈子,但记住,他们选这个名字的时候几乎还没有见到你呢。而且,他们在选名字时所看重的希望和梦想也许并不符合你的希望和梦想。如果你的名字看上去已不再适合你,不要苦恼;你不必一辈子用这个名字。影星们就经常改名,下点决心,你也可以这样做。

UNIT 6 SECTION B 以貌取人

Para.1 人们通常批评说:社会学研究不遗余力去证明的只是一些大多数有常识的人都已经知道的东西。我并不想明确表示支持或反对此类批评,只是想描述一次社会学考察活动,这次活动似乎也证明了人们的上述说法——但对于我和我的一位同学(也许还有那些看到这篇报道的人)而言,这次活动使一个人人皆知的观点变得真真切切了。

Para.2

在本地一所大学放春假期间,我和朋友到市中心去购物。但是我们首先把自己打扮得几乎连朋友甚至家人都认不出来。我们穿上了与天气稍稍不配的衣服,虽很干净但没有熨过。很明显,大多数到这个地区来的游客都不会穿这种式样的衣服。我们提着塑料袋,里面装着杂七杂八的物品。我俩都有点衣冠不整。我的朋友在T恤衫外面套了一件褪了色的全棉衬衣,还在运动裤外面套了一条皱巴巴的裙子。我戴着一顶羊毛帽子把头发掩盖住,穿着一件老式的外套, 并戴一副夹着遮阳镜片的眼镜。 Para.3 我们的目的是为了让自己看上去像漂泊街头的人,以观察别人对我们会有何不同反应——贫穷的外表是否会招致别人对我们的歧视。我们也准备做出一些稍微有点不正常的行为,以表明我们精神上有点问题,但看上去又不是神经很不正常或对他人具有危险性。结果证明:我们无须夸张做作,人们单凭

9 我们的穿着就叫我们离开或不理睬我们。

Para.4 我们 (把汽车停在铁路附近以后) 的第一个停留地点是由一家本地慈善团体经营的廉价商店。在店里我们彬彬有礼地请求使用洗手间,但却被拒绝了。接着我们走进了一家大旅馆的大堂,打听咖啡厅和洗手间在哪里。门卫说:‚你们得上20楼。‛我们的演技还达不到上高档餐厅一试身手的水平,所以我们在底楼兜了一圈就走了。离开那里后,我们就去了一家旧货商店,在那里我们多多少少和顾客融为一体了。然后我们又到了几家高档商店,吃午饭的时候又去了几家咖啡馆。

Para.5 这一段时间我们饱受歧视。我们遇到了一些孩子,他们盯着我们看,对我们指指点点,而且还放声大笑;成年人用充满怀疑的目光看着我们。商店营业员紧紧地跟着我们,监视我们的一举一动。在一家快餐店,一个帮工赶紧走到收银员的身边。他们收下了我两美元的支票,连身份证也没看。好像用这个代价把我们赶出门是很合算的。在一个入口处,一名营业员用身体挡住了大门,显然是想打消我们进去的念头。

Para.6 我们身上有些钱,可买些小东西,而且除了穿低档衣服外,我们没有在上述任何情况下做过任何吸引他人注意力的事:我们仅仅是以我们习惯的方式静静地购物。在一个饭店里,我们点了法式小面包,另加两杯特制咖啡,这确实暴露了我们的身份:这也许与女流浪者的身份太不相称。在所有其他地方,我们受到嘲弄、被人模仿、遭遇怀疑及无礼的目光。

Para.7

我们了解到什么呢? 在很大程度上是我们所预料到的、人所共知的东西:人们以貌取人。仅仅是外表寒酸就会招来歧视,同时在很多场合,我们大多数人视为理所当然的社交礼仪也不复存在了。因为我们缺少在文化上可被认同的属于这个环境的标志,在某种程度上,我们就成了物品,缺少了做人所固有的尊严。

Para.8 然而,还有一件让人感到吃惊的事——更准确地讲,是让人感到震惊的事。在我先前提到过的那家商店门口,就是有位营业员一见到我们就明显地堵住大门的那家商店,这种令人震惊的事表现得最为突出。那时我刚注意到这个地方,转向我的同伴,对她说:‚我从未见过这家商店。咱们进去吧。‛她居然惊慌地看着我说:‚你不是真地想进去吧?‛

Para.9 我知道她的意思,我也理解她的感受。这不是我们该去的地方。没过几小时, 我们发觉自己正在接受并适应着那些我们遇到的人所普遍持有的肤浅看法和偏见;我们也对自己进行了归类。毫无疑问,这是值得学习的一课,对社会学家来说也许更是如此。 UNIT 7 SECTION A 减轻负担, 拯救生命

Para.1 如果你常常生气、身心疲乏,好像你生活中的压力正在快速地失去控制,那么你可能是在损害你的心脏了。

Para.2 假如你不想损害自己的心脏,你就需要努力学会在力所能及的范围内控制自己的生活——并且承认有许多东西你是无法控制的。

Para.3 这是罗伯特•S•埃利奥特博士的观点。他是内布拉斯加大学的临床医学教授,新书《从压力到力量:怎样减轻你的负担,拯救你的生命》的作者。

Para.4 埃利奥特说在这个世界上有一类他称之为‚热核反应堆式的人‛(即易怒的人)。对这些人来说,紧张会导致他们血压大幅度迅速上升。

Para.5 埃利奥特说,研究人员已经发现,有压力的人除了其他症状外,胆固醇的含量也较高。‚我们已经做了多年研究,证明过分忧虑或紧张所产生的化学物质的确会损伤心肌纤维。这种情况发生时往往很快,不到5分钟。它会造成许多短路,而且这种短路会引起严重的心律不齐。心脏跳起来不像一个泵,而像一只装着蠕虫的袋子(杂乱而又绵软无力)。当这种情况发生时, 我们就活不成了。‛

Para.6 现年64岁的埃利奥特,在44岁时曾有过一次心脏病发作,他把那次心脏病发作的部分原因归于压力。多年来,他一直是一个‚热核反应堆式的人‛。表面上, 他显得沉着、冷静、泰然自若,但他内心深处的压力使他筋疲力尽。他现在身体状况很好。

Para.7 他说,压力破坏性程度的主要预测指标是FUD因素¾¾ FUD 指的是恐惧、犹豫和怀疑 ¾¾ 再加上可察觉到的缺乏控制力。

Para.8 对许多人来说,压力的根源是愤怒,而对付愤怒的诀窍是找出怒从何来。埃利奥特问道:‚这种愤怒是否来自这么一种感觉:希望一切事物都必须完美无缺?‛

Para.9 ‚这在职业女性中是很常见的原因。她们觉得要让人人感到她们无所不能, 而且要把样样事情都做得完美无缺。她们认为,‘我应该这样,我必须这样,我不得不这样。’追求完美永无止境。完美主

10 义者事必躬亲。他们生气是因为他们不得不把什么事情都扛在自己肩上,还为之发脾气。随后他们就感到内疚,接着他们就再把整个过程重复一遍。‛

Para.10 ‚还有的人生气是因为他们的生活没有方向。他们把交通阻塞看得和家庭纠纷一样重,‛ 他说:‚如果你生气超过5分钟 ¾¾如果你生闷气,没有安全的发泄渠道的话¾¾你就必须弄清你为何生气。‛

Para.11 ‚此时就会发生这种情况¾¾人们由于心理压力在生理上变得越发激动,他们的身体就越可能因为某种心脏病而崩溃。‛

Para.12 让自己平静下来的做法就是承认你存在这种倾向。通过改变你的某些看法和消极思想,学会对事物不再抱有那么强烈的敌视态度。

Para.13 埃利奥特建议人们控制自己的生活。‚如果有什么能取代压力,那就是控制。你所需要的不是FUD因素而是NICE因素¾¾ NICE 是指新的、使人感兴趣的、有挑战性的经历。‛

Para.14 ‚你必须确定你能控制自己生活中的哪些部分,‛他说:‚停下你的脚步,对自己说,‘我要把指南针拿出来,弄明白自己需要什么。’‛

Para.15 他建议人们写下他们觉得自己生活中最重要的、最想做成的6件事。本•富兰克林在32岁时就是这样做的。‚他写下了他想要做的事情,诸如要做一个更慈爱的父亲、更体贴的丈夫、经济上独立、思维上活跃,而且还要保持性情平和——这一点他也做得不好。‛

Para.16 埃利奥特说,你可以先列出12件事,然后压缩到6件,要确定轻重缓急。‚别让自己去做不可能做到的事。要做那些会影响你的个性、控制能力和自我价值的事情。‛

Para.17 ‚把它们记在一张可以随身携带的卡片上,需要的时候看看。既然我们无法让一天有26个小时,我们就得确定先做哪些事情。‛

Para.18 请记住:随着时间的推移,优先要做的事会有所改变。‚孩子会长大,狗会死去,你所优先考虑做的事也会改变。‛ Para.19 根据埃利奥特的观点,控制压力的另一关键因素是‚要承认你生活中还有一些棘手的、你几乎无法或完全无法控制的东西——比如经济以及政客们。‛ Para.20 你必须认识到,有时候像交通阻塞、最后期限及讨厌的老板这类事情,‚你无法抗争,也无法逃避。你必须学会如何与之相容。‛

UNIT 7 SECTION B 你是工作狂吗?

Para.1 努力工作和工作狂之间有很大的区别。 Para.2 努力工作是指工作有条有理、精力集中,完成许多工作,知道何时歇手,知道除了工作还有生活。而工作狂常常是缺乏条理,总在寻找理由想做得更多些,没有工作可做时就感到不知所措,想通过工作来躲避问题。他们不知道怎样或何时放松一下,经常把办公室里的活儿带回家里去做,不善于和同事及家人交流沟通,生活作息不平衡,单调乏味。

Para.3 工作狂,就像那些老是醉醺醺的人一样,有一种无法摆脱的习惯,这种习惯通常被定义为不顾消极后果的强迫性行为。他们有时是被自己的工作信念、工作狂的行为模范以及一种自动认可工作狂的工作方式所逼而养成了这种习惯的。大多数雇主尽管口头上说得很漂亮(‚生活作息保持平衡的雇员是效率高的雇员‛),可他们需要的是忠心耿耿的、愿意加班的雇员,并用高薪和更多的福利来奖励他们。在许多公司里,不愿意开夜车的职工处境岌岌可危。他们只在正常时间内工作就肯定是在拿自己的饭碗冒险。美国人往往会陷入一种由商人们所推动的工作然后花钱消费的模式之中,这种模式引诱他们抬高自己的期望值。

Para.4 根据某些心理顾问的观点,迷恋工作对我们来说既是好事,又是坏事。它可以激发一种自我价值和成就感,而且我们还能因此得到报酬和表扬,这会给我们带来我们不一定能从生活的其他方面获得的良好感觉。

Para.5 工作狂自石器时代起就成了一个很明显的问题了——每当有人试图通过工作来逃避他们生活中的某些方面时,这个问题就出现了。我们的父母和祖辈们工作都很努力,但是他们的劳动基本上是体力劳动。而我们的工作则压力更大,尤其是在当今竞争日趋激烈、公司规模日趋缩小的时代。由于经济形势黯淡,公司不断裁员,雇员担心失去工作,因此他们工作时间更长。与过去相比,我们更经常地行驶在快车道上。

Para.6 心理咨询顾问已经注意到了三种类型的工作狂:

● 精力充沛、需要释放的人。竞争心很强、急需证明自己、并把自我价值和工作联系起来的人。

● 想通过工作来逃避诸如悲伤、沮丧和内疚之类东西的人。他们让自己处于极度忙碌的状态,这样他

11 们就没有时间或精力去对付他们的现实问题了。

Para.7 这三类人通常有同样的特点:他们忍受不了懒懒散散,他们发觉很难抽出时间去度假,与跟家人和朋友们在一起相比,他们觉得和同事们在一起更舒服自在。他们把自我价值和成功与拼命工作等同起来。他们宁可干活,而不愿到别的地方去或做其他事情。

Para.8 工作狂可能会通过否认和辩护来解释自己的工作习惯。他们否认自己在工作上花了太多的时间,他们自我辩解说他们的工作是为了家庭,同时对升职也至关重要。他们也往往认为他们本人及他们的工作对公司来说是不可或缺的,他们超时工作是对公司的一种奉献。当然他们的奉献、抱负和持久的精力均无可指责,错的是这些东西是以牺牲他们的健康和他们家庭幸福的高昂代价才得以实现的。 Para.9 因为工作狂把一切希望都寄托在一件事上——他们的工作,因此帮助他们的办法是把他们的希望分散到几件事上去。例如,心理顾问常常可以通过询问他们过去喜欢的、而现在却丢得一干二净的业余爱好来帮助他们。此类问题往往能促使他们开始更多地恢复他们生活的平衡。

Para.10 一些心理学专家概括说,为了做一个生理和心理上都健康的人,我们必须过一种平衡的生活。那些小事情——如阅读推理小说、打排球、花时间和家人及朋友在一起、跟狗一起玩耍、去钓鱼——对实现健康的目的而言,似乎是一些不太起眼的方法,但它们至少可以和工作一样对你有益。 第八单元A

第八单元B

第九单元A

第九单元B

第十单元A

第十单元B

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