宾宾
语语
从从
句句
一 .定义
简单的说 , 宾语从句就是一个或是几个从句充当主句中的宾语成分。
二 .主要类型
11））
..由由连连接接代代词词或或连连接接副副词词引引导导。。
连接代词或连接副词引导的从句只是在某些动词后能用作宾语，这些动词有see , say , tell , ask , answer , know , decide , wonder , understand , discu , show等等：
e.g Do you know what he has said ?
Can you tell me which cla you are in ? Do you know what kind of person she is ? Let’s see how we can finish the hard work .
Have you decided whom you would visit tomorrow ? Please show me where your paport is . Lucy still wondered why he couldn’t pa the exam .
22））
..
由由连连词词
wwhheetthheerr
或或
iiff
引引导导。。（（口口语语中中常常用用
iiff
））
e.g She asked me if she could borrow these books . Lily wanted to know if / whether her grandma liked the handbag . 注：1)中所列的动词后也常可用 whether , if 引导的从句作宾语；
e.g I’m wondering if the letter is over - weight .I don’t know whether this answer is right .
另外，这种从句前面有时还可以另有宾语。
e.g Please tell me which book I should read first .
You may ask the man over there how you can get to the bus stop .
Did she say anything about how the work was to be done ？
33))由由tthhaatt引引导导。。（（
在在口口语语或或非非正正式式文文体体中中常常省省略略
））
e.g He knew ( that ) he should work hard . He said ( that ) he would like to see the Headmaster .
注意：在某些句型中，特别是带复合宾语的句子中，that 引导的从句常常移到后面去，前面用一个 it 作形式上的宾语。(但是，有时 it 也可以省略）
e.g We all thought it a pity that she couldn’t come .
I took his word for it that he would try his best to help us .（他说他要想一切办法帮我们，我相信他说的是真话。）
I take it that we are to leave early .（我想我们动身是会很早的。）
三 .宾语从句中应该注意的一些情况
11..引引导导词词
由陈述句变来的宾语从句，用连词 that 等引导，并且在口语中常常省略此词： e.g He said （ that ）he had a new dictionary . I know ( that ) Lucy can play football very well .
但是，如果 that 引导的是几个表示并列关系的宾语从句时，最后一个 that 不能省略。 e.g I know ( that ) Tom comes from France and that he teaches in Guilin now .由一般疑问句转换而来的宾语从句，用 whether 或 if 引导，并且两词可以互用。但是 whether 可以和 or not 连用，而 if 不能。
e.g I want to know whether ( if ) she still lives there . Please tell me whether you can come or not . 由特殊疑问句变来的宾语从句，由特殊疑问词 who , whom , whose , which , when , where , why , how 等引导 。
e.g I don’t know whose book it is .The teacher asked what was happening .Do you know where our English teacher lives ? He wanted to know why you can play the piano so well .2
2..
语语句句的的顺顺序序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。
e.g Could you tell me how I can get to the Science Museum ? He asked him where he came from . Did you know what’s the name of the handsome boy in the claroom yesterday？
Please tell me where I can buy the beautiful flower .3
3..
时时态态的的变变化化
.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。
e.g I hear ( that ) Tom has been to Guilin twice . I hear ( that ) she will come tomorrow . I hear ( that ) Jim went to work an hour ago . I hear ( that ) he is interested in English .当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。
e.g He said ( that ) he would go to Xi’an .
He said ( that ) he was ill yesterday . He said ( that ) he was reading a book . He said ( that ) he had had supper already .当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。
e.g He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon . The teacher told the students that no news is good news . The PE teacher said that doing morning exercise is useful to our health .4
4..
标标点点符符号号
宾语从句末尾的标点符号由主句决定，不受从句的限制。如果主句是陈述句或者是祈使句时用句号；而主句是疑问句时，句末则用问号。
e.g He asked me if / whether I could help him .Do you know where Li Ping is ? Please tell me which colour you like best . Could you tell me how to go the No.28 Middle School ? Would you please tell the teacher how old you are ?
5
5..
宾宾语语从从句句的的否否定定形形式式
一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定式是一样的。但若主句谓语动词是 think , expect , believe , gue , imagine , suppose 等表示“认为，猜想”的词时，一般要把宾语从句中的否定式转移到主句中。 e.g I don’t think it’s going to rain .I don’t believe she will lend you the money .
但是，如果主句中的谓语动词是 hope ，则不适用于这种规则。
e.g I hope he won’t come .
66
..
宾宾语语从从句句中中的的特特殊殊情情形形
在把简单句变为复合句的练习中，千万要注意：
句式的转变：若原句是祈使句，不能用宾语从句改写，而应该用 “ ask sb.to do sth.” 的句式。
e.g Don’t open the door .（用 they 作主语变为宾语从句）
They ask not to open the door . 代词的变化：如果将某人的原话变为宾语从句时，我们就应该考虑代词的变化。
e.g “ I come from Canada ” , Lucy says .
—— Lucy says that she comes from Canada .若由一般疑问句或特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，应该用陈述句语序。具体如下：当助动词是 does 或 did 时，要去掉助动词，并把动词恢复为第三人称单数形式或过去式；当是其它的助动词时，则要把这些助动词放在主语的后面。
e.g I asked Tom , “ What do you like best ? ”
—— I asked Tom what he liked best . The teacher asked me : “ Have you read the book ? ”
—— The teacher asked me if I have read the book . He asked , “ Who can carry the box ? ”
—— He asked who could carry the box . 五 .专项练习
1、Do you know how much hot water ______ ? A．Mum is needed B．does Mum need C．Mum needs D．did Mum need
2、Can you tell me ______ ? A．where he is B．where is he C．he is where D．what is he
3、I didn’t know how ______ to London? A．would they go B．are they going C．they would go D．they are going
4、I want to know how long ______ .
A．has he been back B．has he come back C．he has been back D．he has come back
5、Do you know ______ ? A．what the news are B．what is the news C．what the news is D．what are the news 6.______ is true that she may fall behind the others. A.There B.This C.That D.It 7.The foreign friends think ______ the Chinese people are very friendly. A.that B.if C.since D.because
8.I’d like to know ______ Chinese. A.when he began to learn
B.when did he begin to learn C.when did he begin learning
D.for how long he began to learn 9.The teacher asked us ______ the claroom after school. A.cleaned B.clean C.to clean D.cleans
参考答案： CACCC CAAC
（广西壮族自治区桂林市高新区穿山中学
褚继荣
ianchu1172@sina.com
http://ienglish.yeah.net/ ）
