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初三英语教案：指示代词
提起 this、that 和 it ,大家对它们并不陌生。 this、that 既可作为形容词,又可作为指示代词,而 it 只能作代词用,使用时要注意它们的区别。
1.this 指离说话人较近的人或物, that 则指离说话人较远的人或物。如:
This is a book.这是一本书。(指近处)
That is a banana tree.那是一棵香蕉树。(指远处)
如:
2.向别人介绍某人时,要说“ This is …”,而不说“ That is …”,也不能说“ He is …”或“ She is …”。This is Li Mei.Li Mei,this is Wei Hua.这是李梅。李梅,这是魏华。
3.叙述在一起的两样东西时,先说的用 this ,后说的用 that .如: This is a computer.That is a TV set. 这是一台电脑,那是一台电视机。
4.在回答 this 或 that 作主语的疑问句时,要用 it 代替 this 或 that .如: It\'s a ruler.这是尺子。
- Is that a car? 那是一辆小汽车吗?
- Yes, it is.是的。
其实,我们平时在第一次提到某物时,常用 this 或 that 来指代,后文中再出现此物时,就用 it 来代替 this 或 that 了。
5.有时候,人们在打电话时,向对方介绍自己用 this 指代“我( I )”,询问对方则用 that 指代“你( you )”。如:
- Hello, is that Mike? 喂,你是迈克吗?
- No, this is Tom.不,我是汤姆。
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此时切不要用“ I am …”、“ Are you … ? ”或“ Who are you? ”等句式,但可以用 it 替换 this 或 that .如:
- Hello,is it Mr Green? 你好!你是格林先生吗?
- Yes,it is Mr Green.Who is it?
是的,我是格林先生。你是谁?
6.当指性别不明的婴儿、身份不明的人或是只闻其声不见其人的时候,用 it 而不用 this 或 that .如以下敲门时的对话:
- Who\'s it? 是谁呀?
- It\'s me.是我。
最后提醒同学们注意: this 和 is 不能缩写,但 that、it 与 is 连用时可分别写为 that\'s 和 it\'s .如:
This is a bike.(不可写成: This\'s a bike.)
It is a pencil-box.(可以写成: It\'s a pencil-box.) (一) 知识概要
连词是一种在句子与句子之间,短语之间以及名词等其他词语之间起连接作用的虚词,它不能单独作句子的成份。按其意义可分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词连接的双方是对等的。常有的并列连词有and, both…and, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, as well as等。但如果连接的两部分意义不趋向一致,意义有转折的并列连词有:but, however, while (而),only (只不过)。还有表示选择关系的并列连词,如:or, or else, otherwise… 再有的是连接双方,互为因果,或表示前因后果的连词有:for, so, therefore (因此),then等。从属连词在初中范围内常常用来连接名词性从句,如:that, if, whether, 其次用来连接状语从句。其中有原因状语从句,常用的连接词有:when while, as, since, before, after, once, as soon as, until, till 连接条件状语的连词有:if, unle, as long as 等,而原因状语的连接词有because, since, as, now that (既然)。目的、结果、方式、比较、地点等状语从句的连接词有:so that, so…that, such…that, as…as, than, where… 它们在句子与文章中几乎无处不见。具体用法见下表。
连词用法一览表
种类 功用 例句
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并列连词 连接具有并列关系的 词 He knows neither English nor French.
短语 Are you going by bus or on foot?
分句 Mary was a good girl, but she had one shortcoming. 从属连词 引导: 状语从句 I\'ll do it as you told me. You will be late unle you hurry. 连接代词和连接副词 主语从句 What he said proved true. When we\'ll start has not been decided yet. 表语从句 This is why he didn\'t come yesterday. That is where he lives.
宾语从句 The man asked me which I liked best.
I can\'t understand why she is so late.
关系代词和关系副词 定语从句 Nicotine is a drug that gets one into the habit of smoking.
He came last night when I was out.
(二) 正误辨析
[误] Both my parents are not here.They went to the concert just now.
[正] Neither of my parents is here.They went to the concert just now.
[析] 在英语中both一般用于肯定句中,如用于否定句中,其意义也不同于汉语,如:Both of us are not right.在英语中应被理解为\"我们俩不都对。\"而Neither of us is right。 才能被理解为\"我们俩无一正确\"。
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[误] He or his parents has some tickets for the film.
[正] He or his parents have some tickets for the film.
[析] 由or 连接两主语时,谓语动词应与相临近的那一个主语保持一致。
[误] You should study hard, and you won\'t pa the exam.
[正] You should study hard, or you won\'t pa the exam.
[析] or作为连词,这里的意思为\"否则\"。又如:Hurry up, or you\'ll be late for school.
[误] Though he is poor, but he is ready to help others.
[正] Though he is poor, he is ready to help others.
[正] He is poor, but he is ready to help others.
[析] \"虽然……但是\"是中文中的常用结构,但在英文中用了\"虽然\"则不要用\"但是\",用了\"但是\"则不能再用\"虽然\",二者只可用其一。
[误] Either you or I are on duty.
[正] Either you or I am on duty.
[析] either…or 连接两个主语时,其谓语动词与相临近的一个主语相呼应,这也叫作就近原则。类似的用法还有or, neither… nor, not only…but also等。
[误] Tom is our English teacher and teaching English in our school now.
[正] Tom is our English teacher and is teaching English in our school now.
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[析] 并列句中常常在后面的句子中作一些省略,以免重复,但不是所有词都可作任意的省略的。当你连接的是两个系动词时,后面的那个系动词不可省略,也就是讲连接的部分不可省略。
父亲节初三作文:My Father There is always a brilliant image living in my heart.That is my dear father.Seen through the eyes of many other people, father seems to be a very ordinary person.But he is quite extraordinary in my eyes, I have never lost my wonder at his good-personalities such as diligence, devotion, care, optimism ever since my childhood.
Being a farmer, father works very hard in the fields all the year round.He works from dawn till dusk every day and even till midnight when it is the harvest season.He seldom enjoys leisure with other farmers even if the farm work is not much.He chooses to live a busy life with reluctance to stop for a while.
Father devotes all himself to our family.As we are poor, he always tries his best to support our family and afford the tuitions for my brother and me.For the whole family, for brother and me, he never stops working laboriously in the fields throughout the year.Now he has got a wrinkled face and white hair because of exceive hard work, looking much older and weaker than any other person of his age.In spite of all this, father never complains to us.It is his full devotion that we\'re living a better life now.It is his full devotion that both my brother and I are able to study at college.
Father shows much care to us children and my mother as well.Whenever there is any delicious food on the table, he just leaves it to us while he takes the simple one himself.If my brother and I fall ill, he will not hesitate a moment to get some medicine for us or take us to see the doctor.My mother suffers a bad disease.Father looks after her very carefully.He never lets mother do any heavy work both at home and in the field.Mother appreciates him m much that she often praises him as a model husband before others.
Father is a person full of optimism.He never complains about our poor life.He is never frustrated by trouble.He often tells us that everything will be all right if we have enough confidence in life.Due to his optimism, we are all confident to face our life and work.
We all think that father is not in the least an ordinary man.He plays an extraordinary role in my family.We can\'t have anything without him.Now I\'m pursuing further studies at college far away from father.I mi him very much.And I often see him in my dreams.His great image is deeply carved in my mind.
评语：
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本文作者以朴实的语言充满感情地刻画了父亲的不平凡的形象，分别从四个不同的角度描述了父亲的勤劳、奉献、关爱和乐观。内容真实感人，行文简洁流畅，结构清晰，组织有条有理，首尾呼应，给读者以强烈的感染力。
作者用词简洁精确，并能很好地尝试一些新学的词汇及表达，使简洁的行。文更为生动。作者没有运用太多复杂的句式，但能适当运用介词短语、分词结构、强调及重复的手法，恰到好处 地突出了行文句式的变化，使文章更耐读。 资料来自：悦考网www.daodoc.com 悦考网www.daodoc.com
