国务院新闻办公室新闻发布材料
2006年中国环境状况
（2007年6月5日） 国家环境保护总局
2007年6月5日，国家环保总局发布了《2006年中国环境状况公报》。《公报》指出：党中央、国务院高度重视环境保护工作。胡锦涛总书记主持中央政治局常委会专门研究了新时期环保工作的思路，并就做好新时期环境保护工作多次做出重要指示。国务院发布《关于落实科学发展观加强环境保护的决定》（以下简称《决定》），召开了第六次全国环境保护大会，对新时期环境保护工作做出明确部署。一年来，各地区、各部门以科学发展观为统领，认真贯彻落实党中央关于新时期环境保护工作的部署，不断加大工作力度并取得重要进展。
一是十届人大四次会议批准《国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划纲要》，将单位国内生产总值能源消耗降低20%左右，主要污染物排放总量减少10%，确定为“十一五”经济社会发展的约束性指标，把节能减排摆上了十分突出的战略位置。
受国务院委托，国家环保总局与各省级人民政府和华能等六家电力集团公司签订了减排目标责任书，出台了化学需氧量和二氧化硫总量分配指导意见，主要污染物减排指标层层分解。国务
— 1 — 院批准召开了全国大气污染防治工作会议和水污染防治工作电视电话会议，提出了加强大气污染防治的“气五条”和水污染防治的“水六条”措施。国家环保总局将饮水安全作为环保工作的首要任务，集中力量开展了饮用水源保护区专项执法检查，全国共检查水源地7600多个，取缔和搬迁危及水源安全的污染源1400多个，解决了一批长期危害群众饮水安全的突出环境问题。重点流域（区域、海域）污染防治继续推进，松花江流域水污染防治“十一五”规划经国务院批准实施。国务院有关部门出台了脱硫机组上网电价优惠、中央环保专项资金支持电厂脱硫贷款贴息等优惠政策，污染防治稳步推进，主要污染物排放量增长幅度开始明显回落。2006年，全国化学需氧量排放量1428.2万吨，比上年增长1.0%；二氧化硫排放量2588.8万吨，比上年增长1.5%。与上年增幅相比，2006年化学需氧量和二氧化硫排放量增幅分别回落4.6和11.6个百分点。
二是各级环保部门严格执行环境影响评价和“三同时”制度，对新开工的固定资产投资项目进行了全面清理，加大污染严重的落后生产工艺装置、生产能力和产品淘汰力度，促进宏观调控和产业结构调整。国家环保总局就加强环境影响评价管理工作向全社会做出“便民高效、公开透明、接受监督、廉洁自律、公平公正、严格审批、强化验收”的承诺。国家环保总局对163件报告书做出暂缓批准或不予批准的决定。规划环评试点全面启动。环境准入作为改善宏观调控、优化产业结构的重要手段，在抑制固 — 2 — 定资产投资过快增长、提高经济发展质量方面，发挥着越来越重要的作用。
三是继续开展整治违法排污企业保障群众健康环保专项行动，加强环境监管，严厉查处了一批环境违法行为。全国共出动环境执法人员167万人次，检查企业72万多家，立案查处环境问题2.8万件，其中取缔关闭违法排污企业3176家，对5701个环境违法案件实行了挂牌督办。对近年来审批、总投资近10152亿元的7555个化工石化建设项目进行了环境风险排查，对3794家企业提出了整改要求。检查矿山企业2.5万家，关闭、取缔矿山4709家，消除环境安全隐患1461家。
四是科学应对、妥善处置了各类突发环境事件。2006年是污染事故高发的一年。国家环保总局共接报处置161起突发环境事件，比上年增加85起。2006年，顺利完成松花江水污染事件化冰期中俄联合监测任务，安全度过松花江水污染危机；全国各级环保部门深刻汲取松花江水环境污染事件的经验教训，大力加强环境应急管理工作，使吉林市牤牛河水污染事件、湖南岳阳新墙河砷污染事件、甘肃徽县铅中毒事件等一大批群众反映强烈、社会高度关注的突发环境事件得到了妥善处置。
五是生态保护、核与辐射安全监管、环境国际合作进一步深化。环保系统思想、组织、作风、业务和制度“五大建设”深入推进，环境保护基础保障能力和队伍建设得到加强。2006年，全国环境污染治理投资为2402.8亿元，占同期国内生产总值的
— 3 — 1.15%。国务院批准开展第一次全国污染源普查，“水体污染控制与治理”中长期科技发展规划重大专项、全国土壤污染状况调查全面启动。成功召开了全国环保科技大会，团结各方面的力量，调动各方面的积极性，形成共同推进环境保护事业的新局面。
2006年，在党中央、国务院的正确领导下，经过各地区、各部门的共同努力，在国内生产总值比上年增长10.7%、能源消费总量比上年增长9.3%的形势下，全国环境质量状况总体保持了稳定。
全国地表水总体水质属中度污染。在国家环境监测网监测的745个地表水监测断面中，Ⅰ～Ⅲ类，Ⅳ、Ⅴ类，劣Ⅴ类水质的断面比例分别为40%、32%和28%。七大水系中，珠江、长江水质良好，松花江、黄河、淮河为中度污染，辽河、海河为重度污染。太湖、滇池为劣Ⅴ类水质，巢湖为Ⅴ类水质。重点城市集中式饮用水源地总体水质良好，根据107个环保重点城市的382个集中式饮用水源地的监测结果统计，监测的达标水量占72.3%。163个城市的地下水水质监测结果表明，地下水水质以良好～较差为主。深层地下水水质优于浅层地下水，开采程度低的地区地下水水质优于开采程度高的地区；地下水水位总体保持稳定态势。
全国近岸大部分海域水质良好，局部海域污染依然严重，远海海域水质良好。近岸海域
一、二类海水比例为67.7%，比上年上升0.5个百分点；三类海水为8.0%，下降0.9个百分点；四类、劣四类海水为24.3%，上升0.4个百分点。南海、黄海近岸海域水质良好，渤海、东海近岸海域分别为轻度和中度污染。
— 4 — 全国监测的559个城市中，空气质量达到一级标准的城市占4.3%、二级标准的城市占58.1%、三级标准的城市占28.5%、劣于三级标准的城市占9.1%。与上年相比（可比城市），城市空气质量达到或优于二级的城市比例增加4.7个百分点；劣于三级的城市比例减少2.1个百分点，城市空气质量总体有所改善。113个重点城市空气质量达标城市比例比上年增加1.7个百分点，劣三级城市增加0.9个百分点，二氧化硫平均浓度比上年略有降低，二氧化氮、可吸入颗粒物浓度基本持平。酸雨分布区域保持稳定，主要集中在长江以南，四川、云南以东的区域。
城市声环境质量较好。与上年相比，重点城市区域噪声平均等效声级下降超过1dB(A)（含1dB(A)）的城市17个、上升超过1dB(A)（含1dB(A)）的城市11个。道路交通噪声平均等效声级较上年增加超过1dB(A)的城市8个，降低超过1dB(A)的城市21个。城市各类功能区声环境质量，昼间达标率高于夜间，3类功能区好于其它类功能区。
全国辐射环境质量状况良好。电离环境质量总体仍处于天然本底水平，重点电离辐射污染源、城市放射性废物库未对周围环境造成可监测到的污染。电磁辐射环境基本属于环境背景水平。
截止2006年底，全国共有各种类型、不同级别的自然保护区2395个，总面积15153.50万公顷。2006年，全国耕地净减少460.2万亩，与上年相比，耕地面积减少0.25%。全国共有水土流失面积356万平方公里，占国土总面积的37.08%。
— 5 — 根据第六次全国森林资源清查（1999～2003年）结果，全国森林面积17490.92万公顷，森林覆盖率18.21%。林木年均净生长量4.97亿立方米，年均采伐消耗量为3.65亿立方米。中国拥有包括荒草地在内的各类天然草原近60亿亩，居世界第二位，占国土面积的41.7%。2006年，全国累积种草保留面积4亿亩，草原围栏面积7.87亿亩，禁牧休牧轮牧草原面积13亿亩；全国天然草原平均超载牲畜34%左右；草原鼠害危害面积5.6亿亩，比上年减少1.8%。草原虫害危害面积2.52亿亩，比上年减少9.9%。
2006年，全国平均年降水量较常年略偏少，其中冬季全国平均降水量较常年同期略偏多，春季接近常年，夏、秋季偏少。全国平均年降水量为596.7毫米，较常年偏少16.2毫米。全国平均气温9.9℃，较常年偏高1.1℃，是1951年以来最暖的一年。各类气象灾害中，热带气旋所造成的直接经济损失和死亡失踪人数最多，干旱造成的受灾人口和农作物受灾面积最多。全国未发生大范围严重洪涝灾害，暴雨洪涝受灾面积较常年偏小。2006年，中国境内共发生5级以上地震34次，中国大陆地区有9次地震成灾事件。全国共发生滑坡、崩塌、泥石流、地面塌陷等各类地质灾害102804起。全年共发生风暴潮、海浪、海冰、赤潮和海啸等灾害性海洋过程179次。
— 6 — Material for the pre conference of the State Council Information Office
State of the Environment in China 2006
(June 5, 2007) State Environmental Protection Administration
On June 5, 2007, State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) iued the 2006 Report on the State of the Environment in China.The Report points out that the Central Committee of Communist Party of China and State Council attach great importance to environmental protection work.General Secretary Hu Jintao chaired a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of CCCPC, which made a topic discuion on the philosophy of environmental protection work in the new era, and presented many important instructions on doing well environmental protection work.The State Council has iued the Decision on Implementing the Outlook on Scientific Development and Strengthening Environmental Protection (hereinafter referred to as the Decision) and held the 6th National Conference on Environmental Protection, which present clear arrangement for environmental protection work in the new era.Under the guidance of the outlook on scientific development, each province (region) and sector has earnestly carried out the arrangements of CCCPC for environmental protection work in the new era over the past year and put increasing efforts with important progre.First, the Outline of the 11th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development approved by the Fourth Seion of the 10th National Peoples Congre sets the compulsory targets of reducing energy consumption per unit GDP by 20% and total emiions of major pollutants by 10% compared with that of 2005.It puts energy saving and emiions reduction at a salient strategic position.
— 7 — Entrusted by the State Council, SEPA has signed the reduction target responsibility documents with the people’s government of each province (autonomous region and municipality) and six key power corporations including Huaneng and iued the guidance on the quota of COD and SO2 emiion, which divides the reduction targets at different levels.National Meeting on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution and National Teleconference on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution approved by the State Council have put forward the “five measures” for enhancing the prevention and control of air pollution and “six measures” for the prevention and control of water pollution respectively.SEPA takes drinking water safety as its top priority and concentrates its efforts in carrying out special law enforcement inspection on drinking water source protected areas.A total of over 7,600 drinking water sources have been inspected and more than 1,400 pollution sources threatening the safety of drinking water sources have been banned and removed, which has addreed a number of salient environmental problems threatening drinking water safety for a long time.Pollution control activities of key river basins (regions, or sea areas) are going on.The 11th Five-Year Plan for the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution of the Songhua River Basin has been carried out after the approval by the State Council.Relevant departments of the State Council has iued the favorable policies such as preferential price for on-grid electricity from desulphurization generating sets and loan discount by special environmental fund of central government to support sulfur removal of power plants.With steady progre in the prevention and control of environmental pollution, the increase pace of the emiions of major pollutants begins evident drop.In 2006, total discharge of COD acro China was 14.282 million tons, up by only 1.0% than in last year; total SO2 emiion was 25.888 million tons, up by 1.5% than that of 2005.The increasing range of COD discharge and SO2 emiions in 2006 dropped by 4.6 and 11.6 percentage points respectively compared with that of the last year.Second, environmental protection departments at all levels have taken — 8 — such measures as strict implementation of the EIA system and “Three synchronizations” system, comprehensive streamlining of new investment projects on fixed aets and acceleration of the phasing out of lag-behind production technology, productivity and products with heavy pollution in order to facilitate macro regulation and industrial restructuring.SEPA has made such commitments as “Convenience, efficiency, openne, transparency, accepting public supervision, honesty, self disciplining, fair and justice, strict examination, and check & acceptance” to the public on strengthening EIA management work.SEPA has decided the suspension or rejection to the EIS of 163 projects.The trial work on planning EIA has been initiated in an all round way.As an important means for macro regulation and optimization of industrial structure, environmental acce is playing more and more important role in stifling too rapid growth of the investment in fixed aets and improving the quality of economic development.Third, the authority has continued its special environmental campaigns on streamlining enterprises that discharge pollutants against the law and ensuring public health.It has strengthened environmental supervision and administration and investigated and sanctioned many environmental infringements.A total of 1.67 million person • times of workers on environmental law enforcement have been mobilized acro China with more than 720,000 enterprises inspected and 28,000 cases filed for investigation.Among them, 3,176 enterprises discharging pollutants against the law have been banned or shut down and 5,701 environmental infringement cases on the supervision list.It has carried out investigations on environmental risks of 7,555 construction projects approved in recent years in chemical and petrochemical industries, which involve a total investment of 1,015.2 billion yuan RMB, and demanded 3,794 enterprises for corrections.In addition, it has inspected 25,000 mining enterprises.Among them, 4,709 enterprises were shut down or banned and 1,461 have eliminated their environmental risks.Fourth, the authority has appropriately handled various sudden
— 9 — environmental accidents in a scientific way.2006 is the year with high occurrence of pollution accidents.SEPA received the report of 161 sudden environmental accidents, up by 85 than that of 2005.In 2006, we have smoothly completed the China-Ruia joint monitoring on water quality in thawing period following the Songhua River water pollution accident and pull through the crisis of the water pollution accident.Having learned the leons and experience from the water pollution accident of the Songhua River, environmental protection departments at all levels acro China have put more efforts in strengthening environmental emergency response activities and appropriately handled a number of sudden environmental accidents with strong public concerns such as the water pollution of the Mangniu River in Jilin City, the Xinqiang River arsenic pollution accident in Yueyang, Hunan Province and lead poisoning accident in Hui County of Gansu Province.Fifth, further activities in ecological conservation, supervision and management on nuclear and radiation safety and international environmental cooperation.The “Five developments”──namely the idea development, organization development, work style development, profeional development and system development of all environmental protection institutions at all levels have enjoyed further progre.The basic ensuring capacity in environmental protection and workforce development has been strengthened.In 2006, the total investment in the prevention and control of environmental pollution acro China was 240.28 billion yuan, accounting for 1.15% GDP of the year.The State Council has approved the launching of the first national census on pollution sources.Important projects like the key special research of “Control and Treatment of Water Pollution” listed in the Mid and Long-Term Plan for Scientific and Technological Development and National Investigations on Soil Pollution have been initiated in an all round way.SEPA has succefully held the National Meeting on Environmental Science and Technology.A new aspect of joint promotion of environmental protection has been developed with the unity of all social forces and the initiatives of all stakeholders. — 10 — In 2006, under the wise leadership of CCCPC and the State Council and common efforts of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities and sectors, the overall environmental quality of China maintained stable with 10.7% growth of GDP and 9.3% increase of energy consumption compared with that of 2005.The overall quality of surface water acro China is under intermediate pollution.Among the 745 monitoring sections of surface water under national environmental monitoring program, 40% meet Grade I～III National Surface Water Quality Standard, 32% meet Grade IV~V National Water Quality Standard and 28% fail to meet Grade V standard.Among the seven big rivers in the mainland of China, the Pearl River and Yangtze River enjoy good water quality.The Songhua River, Yellow River and Huaihe River are under intermediate pollution, while the Liaohe River and Haihe River are under heavy pollution.The water of Taihu Lake and Dianchi Lake fails to meet Grade V Standard and water of Chaohu Lake meets Grade V standard.On the whole, the water quality of concentrated drinking water sources of key cities is good.According to the monitoring results of 382 concentrated drinking water sources of 107 key cities on environmental protection, 72.3% samples meet water quality standard.The groundwater monitoring results of 163 cities show that the quality of most groundwater samples ranges from good to relatively poor.The quality of deep groundwater is better than that of shallow one and the quality of groundwater of the region with le development level better than that of the region with high development level.On the whole, water table acro China keeps stable.The quality of much coastal sea waters acro China is good with heavy pollution in part of sea areas.The quality of distant sea waters is quite good.67.7% of coastal water samples meet Grade I~II National Marine Water Quality Standard, up by 0.5 percentage point than in 2005.8.0% water samples meet Grade III Marine Water Quality Standard, down by 0.9 percentage point than in 2005.24.3% of marine samples meet or fail to meet Grade IV standard, up by 0.4 percentage point than in 2005.The
— 11 — quality of coastal waters of the South China Sea and Yellow Sea is good.But the coastal waters of the Bohai Sea are subject to slight pollution and that of East China Sea to intermediate pollution.Among 559 cities under air quality monitoring, 4.3% of them meet Grade I National Air Quality Standard, 58.1% meet Grade II Air Quality Standard, 28.5% meet Grade III standard and 9.1% fail to meet Grade III standard.Compared with that of last year, the percentage of cities meeting or superior to Grade II Air Quality Standard goes up by 4.7 percentage points.The percentage of cities failing to meet Grade III Air Quality Standard goes down by 2.1 percentage points.The overall urban air quality has some improvement.Among the 113 key cities on environmental protection, the proportion of cities meeting Grade II National Air Quality Standard goes up by 1.7 percentage points and the proportion of cities failing to meet Grade III Air Quality Standard rises by 0.9percentage point.Average SO2 concentration has some reduction compared with that of 2005.While the concentrations of NO2 and inhalable particulate basically maintain the same.The areas of acid rain maintain the same, mainly concentrated on the region south to the Yangtze River and east to Sichuan and Yunnan.Cities have relatively good acoustic environment.Compared with in 2005, 17 key cities have their average equivalent sound level of regional noise reducing by over 1dB(A) [including 1dB(A)] and 11 have the increase over 1dB(A) [including 1dB(A)].Eight cities have the increase of their average equivalent sound level of road noise over 1dB(A) and 21 cities have the reduction over 1dB(A).For the acoustic environment of various urban function areas, they have higher up-to-the-standard rate in daytime than in the might.And the performance of the third type functions areas is better than that of other kinds of function areas.The radiation environmental quality acro China is good.The overall ionization environmental quality is still under the natural level.Key ionization radiation pollution sources and urban radioactive waste storage sites do not cause measurable pollution to the surrounding environment. — 12 — Electromagnetic radiation environment basically falls into the natural baseline level.Up to the end of 2006, there were 2,395 various nature reserves at different levels acro China with total area of 151.535 million ha.In 2006, there was a net reduction of 4.602 million mu (15 mu = 1 ha) of arable land acro the country, down by 0.25% compared with that of 2005.A total of 3.56 million km2 of land were subject to water and soil erosion, taking up 37.08% of total land area.According to the findings of the 6th National Investigations (1999～2003) on Forest Resources, total forest area of China is 174.9092 million ha with coverage of 18.21%.Average net annual woods growth is 497 million m3 with annual logging of 365 million m3.China has nearly 6 billion mu various natural graland including weed land, ranking No.2 in the world.The area of total graland takes up 41.7% of total land area.In 2006, there were accumulated 400 million mu land reserved for gra planting, 787 million mu of fence graland and 1.3 billion mu of graland banning, suspending or rotating grazing.On the average, natural graland of China overgrazed by about 34%.A total of 560 million mu of graland were subject to damage by rats, down by 1.8% than in 2005.252 million mu of graland were subject to damage by insects, down by 9.9% than that of 2005.In 2006, annual average precipitation acro China was le than that of normal years.Among the four seasons, average precipitation in winter was a bit more than that of normal year, it was same in spring but le in summer and autumn.Average annual precipitation was 596.7 mm, down by 16.2 mm than that of normal years.Average temperature in 2006 was 9.9℃, up by 1.1℃ than the normal level, the warmest since 1951.Among various meteorological disasters, tropical cyclones have caused the largest direct economic lo and most casualties and miing people.Droughts cause the biggest affected population and cropland area.There has been no widespread serious flood in China with le area subject to storms and flood disasters.In 2006，there were 34 earthquakes acro China with
— 13 — Richter scale over 5 within the territory of China and 9 quakes caused disaster in the mainland of China.There were a total of 102,804 various geological disasters such as landslide, collapse, mud-rock flow and subsidence in the country.There were also 179 disastrous marine activities such as storm surge, big wave, sea ice, red tide and tsunami in China.
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