英文单位格式范文（精选多篇）

推荐第1篇：英文单位介绍信

the embay of germany in beijing

此处写单位英文名称 people’s republic of china presents its compliments to the embay of germany in beijing and has the honor to request for the iue of entry visas of germany for 此处写学员姓名的汉语拼音, who is leaving china on october, 3, 2008.

此处写单位英文名称avails itself of this opportunity to renew to the embay of germany the aurances of its highest consideration.

·介绍信模板 ·介绍信格式 ·实习介绍信 ·入党介绍信 ·自我介绍信

此处写英文单位名称，并盖章

july 5, 2008

推荐第2篇：美国签证单位证明信英文

【】

【Addre】 Chaoyang, Beijing

People’s Republic of China

【Date】

To: Embay and Consulates of United States Dear Sir/Madame:

We hereby certify that 【】, the visa applicant, whose paport number is 【】, has been working for 【】 since January 2010 and has heretofore kept a good record of performance.The current tile of 【】 is 【】, and his current salary is s【】 (CNY 【】) per month.

【】 applied for an annual leave of 【】 days from 【】 to 【】 to spend his vacation in your country at his own expense.He will return to his position when vacation is over.We have approved his application and will reserve his position during his leave.

Please kindly afford him any appropriate aistance concerning visa affairs.

Sincerely,

Head of HR Department:【人事部负责人姓名】

【日期】

If any questions, please contact us at 【】.

推荐第3篇：英文称呼公司单位

 校长（大学） President of Beijing University

校长（中小学） Principal of Donghai Middle School

院长（大学下属） Dean of the Graduate School

系主任（大学学院下属）Chair/Chairman of the English Department

会长\\主席（学\\协会） President of the Student Union, Shanghai University

厂长（企业） Director of the Machine Tools Manufacturing Plant

院长（医院） President of Huadong Hospital

主任（中心） Director of the Busine Center

主任（行政） Director of Foreign Affairs Office

董事长（企业） President/Chairman of the Board of Directors

董事长（学校） President/Chairman of the Board of Trustees

首席长官的汉语称谓常以“总…….”表示，而表示首席长官的英语称谓则常带有chief,

general, head, managing这类词，因此当翻译冠以“总”字的头衔时，需遵循英语头衔的

表达习惯：

总书记 general secretary

总工程师 chief engineer

总会计师 chief accountant

总建筑师 chief architect

总编辑 chief editor; editor-in-chief; managing editor

总出纳 chief cashier; general cashier

总裁判 chief referee

总经理 general manager; managing director; executive head

总代理 general agent

总教练 head coach

总导演 head director

总干事 secretary-general; commiioner

总指挥 commander-in-chief

总领事 consul-general

总监 chief inspector; inspector-general

总厨 head cook; chef

有些部门或机构的首长或主管的英译，可以一些通用的头衔词表示，例如下列机构的负责

人可以用director, head 或chief 来表示：

司（部署） department

厅（省署） department

署（省属）（行署） office； administrative office

局 bureau

所 institute

处 division

科 section

股 section

室 office

教研室 program/section

例：局长: director of the bureau, head of the bureau, bureau chief.

国务院 the State Council 属下的部为ministry, 所以部长叫做minister.另外，公署专

员叫做commiioner, 其办事机构叫做 “专员公署”，英语为prefectural commiione

r’s office.

汉语中表示副职的头衔一般都冠以“副”字，英译时需视词语的固定搭配或表达习惯等情

况，可选择vice, aociate, aistant, deputy等词。相对而言，vice 使用面较广，例

如：

副总统（或大学副校长等） vice president

副主席（或系副主任等） vice chairman

副总理 vice premier

副部长 vice minister

副省长 vice governor

副市长 vice mayor

副领事 vice consul

副校长（中小学） vice principal

行政职务的副职头衔与学术头衔的“副”职称往往用不同的词表达，最为常用的英语词是

aociate, 例如：

副教授 aociate profeor

副研究员 aociate research fellow

副主编 aociate managing editor

副编审 aociate senior editor

副审判长 aociate judge

副研究馆员 aociate research fellow of …(e.g., library science)

副译审 aociate senior translator

副主任医师 aociate senior doctor

当然，有些英语职位头衔，如manager和headmaster，其副职头衔可冠以aistant, 例如

：

副总经理 aistant/deputy general manager, aistant/deputy managing director

大堂副理（宾馆） aistant manager

副校长（中小学） aistant headmaster

以director 表示的职位的副职常以deputy director表示。此外，secretary, mayor, de

an 等头衔的副职也可冠以deputy,例如：

副秘书长 deputy secretary-general

副书记 deputy secretary

副市长 deputy mayor

副院长 deputy dean

学术头衔系列除了含“正”“副”级别的高级职称和中级职称外，还有初级职称如“助理

”，“助理”常用aistant来表示，例如：

助理教授 aistant profeor

助理研究员 aistant research fellow

助理工程师 aistant engineer

助理编辑 aistant editor

助理馆员 aistant research fellow of… (e.g., library science)

助理教练 aistant coach

助理农艺师 aistant agronomist

还有一些行业的职称头衔，其高级职称不用“正”或“副”表示，而直接用“高级”或“

资深”来表示，我们可以用senior 来称呼，例如：

高级编辑 senior editor

高级工程师 senior engineer

高级记者 senior reporter

高级讲师 senior lecturer

高级教师 senior teacher

高级农艺师 senior agronomist

有一些行业的职称或职务系列中，最高级别的职位冠以“首席”一词，英语常用chief 来

表示：

首席执行官 chief executive officer (CEO)

首席法官 chief judge

首席顾问 chief advisor

首席检察官 chief inspector/ prosecutor

首席仲裁员 chief arbitrator

首席监事 chief supervisor

首席播音员 chief announcer/ broadcaster

首席代表 chief representative

首席记者 chief correspondent

除了用“总”“高级”“首席”等词语来表示一些机构或行业的最高级职务之外，还有一

些高级职务则使用带“长”字的头衔，例如：

检察长 procurator-general

审判长 presiding judge; chief judge; chief of judges

护士长 head nurse

秘书长 secretary-general

参谋长 chief of staff

厨师长 head cook, chef

有的头衔会含有诸如“代理”，“常务”，“执行”，“名誉”这类称谓语。一般说来，

“代理”可译作acting,例如：

代理市长 acting mayor

代理总理 acting premier

代理主任 acting director

“常务”可以managing 表示，例如：

常务理事 managing director

常务副校长 managing vice president (first vice mayor)

“执行”可译作executive,例如：

执行主任 executive director

执行秘书 executive secretary

执行主席 executive chairman, presiding chairman

“名誉”译为honorary, 例如：

名誉校长 honorary president/principal

名誉主席/会长 honorary chairman/president

有些职称或职务带有“主任”，“主治”，“特级”，“特派”，“特约”等头衔，英译

不尽相同，例如：

主任编辑 aociate senior editor

主任秘书 chief secretary

主任医师 senior doctor

主任护士 senior nurse

主治医师 attending/chief doctor; physician; consultant

特级教师 special-grade senior teacher

特级记者 accredited correspondent

特派员/专员 commiioner

特约编辑 contributing editor

特约记者 special correspondent

许多职称，职务的头衔称谓其英语表达法难以归类，需要日积月累，逐步登录在自己的称

谓语料库中。以下所列举是其中的一部分：

办公室主任 office manager

财务主任 treasurer

车间主任 workshop manager/director

编审 senior editor

博导 doctoral student supervisor

研究生导师 graduate student supervisor

客座教授 visiting profeor

院士 academician

译审 senior translator

村长 village head

领班 captain, foreman, gaffer

经纪人 broker

税务员 tax collector

研究馆员 research fellow of…

股票交易员 stock dealer

红马夹 (stock exchange) floor broker

业务经理 service/busine/operation manager

住院医生 resident(doctor), registrar

国际大师 international master

注册会计师 chartered/certified public accountant; registered/incorporated acco

untant

我国有一些常见的荣誉称号（honorary title）在许多英语国家没有对应的表达语，现列

举部分英译供参考：

标兵 pacemaker

学习标兵 student pacemaker; model student

劳动模范 model worker

模范教师 model teacher

优秀教师 excellent teacher

优秀员工 outstanding employee, employee of the month/year

青年标兵 model youth/youth pacemaker

青年突击手 youth shock worker

三好学生 “triple-A” outstanding student; outstanding student

三八妇女红旗手 “March 8th Red Banner” outstanding woman pacemaker

推荐第4篇：单位干部英文自荐信

Dear xxx:

Hello! Very presumptuous letter to you.Allow me to introduce myself to you.My name is Bin温毅, Hunan Yiyang City Intermediate people\'s Court of cadres, has long been engaged in trial work and legal theory research, has accumulated a wealth of trial experience teaching and have made more of the legal theory research.I have a strong ability to think rationally, a rich social experience, broad knowledge, but a more paive personality, temperament relatively detached, does not do publicity, poor self-promotion.Sentiment over the years with great concentration of traditional culture, self-cultivation, happy-go-lucky, but always in the pursuit of inner tranquility, being indifferent to contain a number of vitality, hope厚积薄发total, do something, to have a better platform to play their own expertise and capacity, for the party and make due contributions to the country.Engaged in the course of the study, I proposed a lot of legislative proposals, a lot of original ideas and theories, have been the Supreme Court, China Women\'s Federation, people\'s Court News,检察日报, Legal Daily, Southern Weekend and other agency leaders and editors, as well as some experts jurisprudence fully endorsed.I petition the court for many years engaged in supervision and case work, dealing with many complex problems of major cases, and Yiyang City House Judicial Committee of the National people\'s Congre has a close working relationship for many years and has 7 years transferred to the Municipal people\'s Congre engaged in during the National people\'s Congre the work of the National people\'s Congre are more familiar with the work.So I think from their own ability and personality suitable for the work of the NpC.I do not covet any fame or fortune, only to have a better platform to play and display their talents in order to achieve the one-China intellectuals in the world as the vision, do not live up to the party and the state more than I have years of training and education.X is a city I was impreed by the local, university graduation, I have worked in the X city, while leaving more than 10 years, but has always been a place where I魂牵梦萦is complex mind puzzles.So I hope to be able to work in X city, especially to self-recommend you take the liberty, if not poible, please do not stock.I have attached the relevant circumstances, and the more样刊paper, is not convenient to send only to the list attached, some papers and the situation can www.daodoc.com and www.daodoc.com search for \"温毅-bin.\"

Sincerely,

Salute!

推荐第5篇：英文单位名词小结

英语“单位名词”有多少

在英语学习中，经常有人反映，单位名词太多太杂，不易掌握。英语自学者由于各种条件所限，对单位名词更感“头痛”。在多年的教学实践中，笔者发现单位名词并非那么“杂乱无章”，而是有章可循的，并对单位名词进行了归类，供学习时参考，急用时查阅。笔者认为，灵活掌握单位名词的用法，可以丰富

词汇量，进而提高英文的语言表达能力。

单位名词是用来表示不可数名词的数量，即不可数名词的个体性；它也能与可数名词搭配，表示“一双”、“一群”等意义。现将英语中常见的单位名词归纳为以下六类：

1．最常用的、搭配能力极强的单位名词有： a piece of advice一个忠告； apiece of information一条消息； a piece of news一则新闻； a piece of cake一块蛋糕 ；一件轻松愉快的事； a piece of cheese一块乳酪； a piece of furniture一件家具；a piece of kindne一番好意； a piece of paper一张纸； a piece of wood一段木材； apiece of luggage一件行李；a piece of land 一块地；a piece of string一根绳子。

有时可用 bit和 article，如：a bit of advice一点建议； a bit of paper一片纸；a bit of information一点信息； an article of clothing一件衣服； an article of furniture一件家具； an article of luggage一件行李。 2．表示形状的单位名词有：a ball of string一团线；a bar of chocolate一块巧克力糖；a bar of soap一条肥皂； a blade of gra一根草； a block of ice一块冰； a bunch of bananas／grapes／keys一串香蕉／葡萄／钥匙； a bunch of flowers一束花； a cluster of flowers一束花 ；a cluster of grapes一串葡萄； a loaf of bread一块面包； a roll of cloth一匹布；a roll of film一卷胶片； a sheet of gla一片玻璃 ；a slice of bread／meat／cake一片面包／肉／蛋糕；a strip of territory一条狭长地带；a string of lies／excuses一连串谎话／借口；a string of pearls一串珍珠；a stick of chalk一支粉笔 ；a stretch of land一片土地 ； a tube of toothpaste一管牙膏。

3．表示容积、重量的单位名词有： a bag of flour一袋面粉； a basket of fruit一筐（篮）水果； a bottle of milk／ink一瓶牛奶／墨水； a bowl of rice一碗米饭 ； a box of sweets一盒糖；a cup of coffee／tea一杯咖啡／茶； a gallon of oil／wine一加仑油／酒；a gla of beer一杯啤酒；a handful of soil一把土；a kilogram of sugar一千克糖； a pack of cigarettes一包香烟； a spoonful of salt一匙盐。

4．表示成双、成对的单位名词有：a pair of glaes一副眼镜；a pair of gloves一副手套； a pair of sciors 一把剪刀； a pair of shoes／socks一双鞋／袜； a pair of jeans／trousers一条工装裤／裤子；a pair of chopsticks一双筷子；a couple of players一对选手。

5．关于人的单位名词有： a group of people一群人； a crowd of people一群人 ；a throng of people一群人； a gang of slaves／prisoners一群奴隶／囚犯； a gang of thieves／robbers一帮窃贼／强盗； a board of directors董事会 ；a regiment of soldiers一群士兵。

6．关于鸟、兽、虫、鱼的单位名词有： a cloud of birds一群鸟； a flock of birds一群鸟；a flight of birds一群鸟；a flock of geese一群鹅；a flock of sheep／goats一群绵羊／山羊；a herd of cows／deer／goats一群牛／鹿／山羊；one hundred head of cattle／sheep一百头牛／绵羊 ；a band of dogs一群狗 ；a pack of wolves一群狼 ； an army of ants一大群蚂蚁； a nest of ants一群蚂蚁（一般指同住一穴的）； a swarm of ants一群蚂蚁；an army of bees一大群蜜蜂； a swarm of bees 一群蜜蜂；a swarm of flies／locusts一群苍蝇／蝗虫； a cloud of locusts一大群蝗虫； a school of whales一群鲸；a run of salmon一群鲑鱼。

推荐第6篇：签证用单位证明信英文

签证用单位证明信英文模板（标准版）

一、国家机关出具中文版正文、英文版附件模板

（注：政府机关出具公函，用本单位专用信笺打印，并加盖公章。红色部分是需要申请人根据自身具体情况修改的地方。）

XX省教育厅用笺

在职及收入证明

大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国驻华大使馆（驻上海领事馆）：

兹证明张三（个人护照号G88888888）为我厅公务员，自1993年7月起任职至今，工作表现良好；现职法规处副处长，月收入（税后）人民币伍仟伍佰圆（CNY 5,500）。

张三申请于2008年10月1日至10月7日自费赴贵国旅游度假，并保证在贵国期间遵守当地法律法规，度假结束后按期返回。我厅已予准假，并为其保留职位及薪金。请贵方协助办理有关签证手续。

如有问题，请联系我厅人事处，电话+86 (10) 8678-5588转1234。

此致

XX省教育厅

人事处（公章）

二〇〇八年五月二十八日

（注：政府机关证明函英文部分另外用空白A4纸打印，不要盖章，附在中文证明信后。红色部分是申请者根据自身具体情况，对应中文版本应该修改的地方。）

Division of Personnel DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION OF XX PROVINCE, P.R.CHINA 28th May 2008 EMBASSY大使馆 / CONSULATE领事馆 of THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND To whom it may concern Dear Sir or Madam: We hereby confirm that Mr.Zhang San, the visa applicant, whose national paport number is G88888888, has been working for the Department of Education of XX Province (abbreviated to XPDE hereinafter) as a civil servant for fifteen years since July 1993 and has heretofore kept a good record of performance.The current title of Mr.Zhang is Vice-Director of Division of Legal Affairs, XPDE and his current salary (after-tax) is five thousand and five hundred Renminbi yuan (CNY 5,500) per month.Mr.Zhang applied for a leave of 7 days from 1st to 7th October 2008 for his vacation that he planned to spend in your country at his own expense.He aures to comply with UK laws when in your country and return to his position when the vacation is over.We have approved his application and made sure that we will reserve his position and salary during his leave.Please kindly afford him any appropriate aistance concerning visa affairs in case of need.If any questions, please do not hesitate to contact the Division of Personnel, XPDE at +86 (10) 8678-5588 ext.1234.Sincerely, Division of Personnel Department of Education of XX Province (Sealed)

二、民间机构出具证明信模板 （注：企业及民间团体等非政府机构可以不用中文，直接用英文，在本单位专用信笺上打印。红色部分为申请者根据自身具体情况，应修改的地方。）

※兴隆股份有限公司

地址：XX省XX市XX区XX路888号兴隆大厦邮编：800000 电话：(088) 8788-6688传真：(088) 8788-5588 网址：www.daodoc.com电子函件：service@xinglong.com Department of Human Resource XINGLONG INC.28th May 2008 VISA OFFICE AUSTRALIAN EMBASSY大使馆 / CONSULATE领事馆

To whom it may concern Dear Sir or Madam: We hereby confirm that Mr.Zhang San（张三，注：用汉字标示一下）, the visa applicant, whose national paport number is G88888888, has been working for Xinglong Inc.for fifteen years since July 1993 and has heretofore kept a good record of performance.The current title of Mr.Zhang is Deputy General Manager of the Department of Sales and his current salary (after-tax) is fifteen thousand and five hundred Renminbi yuan (CNY 15,500) per month.Mr.Zhang applied for a leave of 7 days from 1st to 7th October 2008 for his vacation that he planned to spend in your country at his own expense.He aures to comply with Australian laws when in your country and return to his position when the vacation is over.We have approved his application and made sure that we will reserve his position and salary during his leave.Please kindly afford him any appropriate aistance concerning visa affairs in case of need.If any questions, please do not hesitate to contact Li Si, the Department of Human Resource at +86 (88) 8788-6688 ext.1234.Sincerely, （人事部负责人签名）

Li Si（李四）

Manager of Department of Human Resource Xinglong Inc.（公司盖章）

单位证明函撰写说明：

单位出具的《在职及收入证明函》可以说是签证申请的核心材料之一。格式、内容规范，措辞郑重、得体的信函，可以从一个侧面表现出申请者所在单位的良好形象，给签证官留下较好的印象，起到为申请加分的作用。对单位函件的要求有以下几个方面：

一、办理签证所要求的内容要素必须完整

外国驻华使、领馆一般要求单位证明函包含以下内容：

1．单位确认申请者姓名、护照号、在本单位工作年限、现任职务、现工资水平等；

2．单位确认申请者此行是公费，还是自费；

3．单位确认是否担保在申请者出国期间，为其保留职位和工资。

以上是单位证明函内容的一般要求。而不同类型单位的证明函出具也有不同的讲究。

二、国家机关出具证明函应遵循外交外事规范 国家机关包括各级人民代表大会及其常务委员会（也就是我国的各级议会）、政府机关和司法机关。一般来说，国家机关的公务员工作和收入都相当稳定，有利于签证办理。但是千万不要被内容不完整、形式草率的单位证明函给拉后腿。

国家机关出具证明函应注意以下几点：

1．中国是一个主权国家；汉语言文字是国家的官方语文。而依照外交规范和惯例，国家机关向外国政府及其派出的使节出具的公函，也属于外交照会的范畴。因此，国家机关出具证明信，只出具中文版本，并加盖公章，作为正式的语言版本；英文翻译稿不盖章，附在中文正本后面，作为非正式附件，以方便使馆领事人员阅读理解。

2．信函要打印在单位套头印刷的专用信笺上。如果有外文版的外事专用信笺就更好。可盖人事部门的部门章，也可盖单位公章。

3．英文稿既然是非正式附件，就不用打印在单位套头印刷的专用信笺上，可打印在空白的A4纸上，且不盖章，也不签名。但仍应采用正式公文体的格式、字体和措辞（如“whereas鉴于”、“hereby兹/特此”、“hereinafter以下/下文”等公文用的文绉绉的“拽”词可以适当运用）。

4．无论是中文稿，还是英文稿，我方、外方的国号、政府机构名称都必须规范。如英国的全称是“大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”。

要弄清楚对方是驻华大使馆（embay）还是驻某个城市的领事馆(consulate)，级别是不一样的。

各国的规范英文全称附在本文后面。

如果实在搞不准规范的国号全称，可以用规范的简称，如：Embay of the Commonwealth of Australia（澳大利亚联邦驻华大使馆），可以简称为Australian Embay in China；但英国大使馆不可以简称为British Embay，应为Embay of the United Kingdom；美国大使馆不可以简称为American Embay，而是Embay of the United States，或U.S.Embay。

各级国家机关、公务员职务的名称，都有其对应的规范的英文名称。外交部曾经发布过规范译名。现附于本说明之后。

以上是国家机关出具外事证明函的一般外交规范。一般来说，地、市级以上国家机关都设有外事办公室。具体的外事公文规范，以外事办的解释为准。

三、民间机构出具证明函的要求

民间机构出具的函件，规格不必像国家机关的那样正式。但所要求的内容要素一样也不能少。

格式上，也显得郑重一些，采用一般商业公函的格式。措辞上可以免去政府公文的一些文绉绉的“拽”词儿，显得更加简洁、更加straight一些。

对外国驻华使馆的英文称呼可以不用全称，但一定要用规范的简称。如，英国驻华大使馆，可以简称Embay of the United Kingdom（英国正式的全称是the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland），或Embay of the UK，不要用不规范的British Embay；美国大使馆，可以简称Embay of the United States（美国全称the United States of America），或者U.S.Embay，不要用American Embay。

民间职业、职位、职称等实在太多，本文无法一一列举。驴友可参考以下帖子，那里有一份长达53页的职位、职称大全（但是注意里面的许多国家公务员职务名称是不规范的，不要采用）：

http://leez.blog.zj.com/ 附录一：公务员职务名称规范英文译名列表

中共中央总书记 General Secretary, the CPC Central Committee 政治局常委 Member, Standing Committee of Political Bureau, the CPC Central Committee 政治局委员 Member, Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee 书记处书记 Member, secretariat of the CPC Central Committee 中央委员 Member, Central Committee 候补委员 Alternate Member „省委/市委书记 Secretary, „Provincial/Municipal Committee of the CPC 党组书记 secretary, Party Leadership Group 中华人民共和国主席/副主席 President/Vice President, the Peoples Republic of China 全国人大委员长/副委员长 Chairman/Vice Chairman, National People’s Congre 秘书长 Secretary-General 主任委员 Chairman 委员 Member （地方人大）主任 Chairman of Local People’s Congre (of„地名) 人大代表 Deputy to the People’s Congre 国务院总理 Premier of the State Council 国务委员 State Councilor 秘书长 Secretary-General （国务院各委员会）主任 Minister in Charge of Commiion for „

（国务院各部）部长 Minister （中国人民银行）行长 Governor (of the People’s Bank of China) （审计署）审计长 Auditor-General (of the National Audit Office of P.R.China) （司法部）部长 Attorney-General (of the Ministry of Justice of P.R.China) 部长助理 Aistant Minister 司长 Director General (of the Department of „) （中央政府副部级）局长 Director General 省长 Governor (of „ Province) 常务副省长 Executive Vice Governor 自治区人民政府主席 Chairman, Autonomous Regional Peoples Government （××厅）厅长 Director General (of the Department of „) 地区专员 Commiioner (of Prefecture of „ 地区名) 香港特别行政区行政长官 Chief Executive, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 市长/副市长 Mayor/Vice Mayor 区长 Chief Executive (of „ District Government) 县长 Chief Executive of County Government 乡镇长 Chief Executive of Township Government 秘书长 Secretary-General （地方政府）办公厅主任 Director of General Office （地方政府部委办）主任 Director 处长/副处长 Division Director/Deputy Division Director 科长/股长 Section Chief 主任科员 Principal Staff 科员 Staff Member 办事员 Clerk/Officer 发言人 Spokesman 顾问 Adviser 参事 Counselor 巡视员 Inspector/Monitor 特派员 Commiioner 人民法院院长 President, Peoples Courts 人民法庭庭长 Chief Judge, Peoples Tribunals 审判长 Chief Judge 审判员 Judge 书记 Clerk of the Court 法医 Legal Medical Expert 法警 Judicial Policeman 人民检察院检察长 Procurator-General, People’s Procuratorate 监狱长 Warden 律师 Attorney at Law（不用lawyer，那是泛称）

公证员 Notary Public 总警监 Commiioner General 警监 Commiioner 警督 Supervisor 警司 Superintendent 警员 Constable 附录二：世界各国与地区英文全称及简称（按汉语拼音音序） 阿尔巴尼亚 Albania AL 阿尔巴尼亚共和国 Republic of Albania 阿尔及利亚 Algeria DZ 阿尔及利亚民主人民共和国 Democratic Peoples Republic of Algeria 阿富汗 Afghanistan AF 阿富汗伊斯兰国 Islamic State of Afghanistan 阿根廷 Argentina AR 阿根廷共和国 Republic of Argentina 阿联酋 United Arab Emirates AE 阿拉伯联合酋长国 United Arab Emirates 阿鲁巴 Aruba AW 阿鲁巴 Aruba 阿曼 Oman OM 阿曼苏丹国 Sultanate of Oman 阿塞拜疆 Azerbaijan AZ 阿塞拜疆共和国 Republic of Azerbaijan 埃及 Egypt EG 阿拉伯埃及共和国 Arab Republic of Egypt 埃塞俄比亚 Ethiopia ET 埃塞俄比亚联邦民主共和国 Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia 爱尔兰 Ireland IE 爱尔兰共和国 Republic of Ireland 爱沙尼亚 Estonia EE 爱沙尼亚共和国 Republic of Estonia 安道尔 Andorra AD 安道尔公国 Principality of Andorra 安哥拉 Angola AO 安哥拉共和国 Republic of Angola 安圭拉 Anguilla AI 安圭拉 Anguilla 安提瓜和巴布达 Antigua and barbuda AG 安提瓜和巴布达 Antigua and barbuda 奥地利 Austria AT 奥地利共和国 Republic of Austria 澳大利亚 Australia AU 澳大利亚联邦 Commonwealth of Australia 澳门 Macau CN 中国澳门特别行政区 Macau, Special Administrative Region of China 巴巴多斯 Barbados BB 巴巴多斯 Barbados 巴布亚新几内亚 Papua New Guinea PG 巴布亚新几内亚独立国 Independent State of Papua New Guinea 巴哈马 Bahamas BS 巴哈马联邦 Commonwealth of the Bahamas 巴基斯坦 Pakistan PK 巴基斯坦伊斯兰共和国 Islamic Republic of Pakistan 巴拉圭 Paraguay PY 巴拉圭共和国 Republic of Paraguay 巴勒斯坦 Palestine PS 巴勒斯坦国 State of Palestine 巴林 Bahrain BH 巴林国 State of Bahrain 巴拿马 Panama PA 巴拿马共和国 Republic of Panama 巴西 Brazil BR 巴西联邦共和国 Federative Republic of Brazil 白俄罗斯 Belarus BY 白俄罗斯共和国 Republic of Belarus 百慕大 Bermuda BM 百慕大群岛 Bermuda Islands 保加利亚 Bulgaria BG 保加利亚共和国 Republic of Bulgaria 北马里亚纳 Northern Marianas Islands MP 北马里亚纳自由联邦 Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands 贝宁 Benin BJ 贝宁共和国 Republic of Benin 比利时 Belgium BE 比利时王国 Kingdom of Belgium 冰岛 Iceland IS 冰岛共和国 Republic of Iceland 波多黎各 Puerto Rico PR 波多黎各 Puerto Rico 波黑 Bosnia and Herzegovina BA 波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那共和国 Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina 波兰 Poland PL 波兰共和国 Republic of Poland 玻利维亚 Bolivia BO 玻利维亚共和国 Republic of Bolivia 伯利兹 Belize BZ 伯利兹 Belize 博茨瓦纳 Botswana BW 博茨瓦纳共和国 Republic of Botswana 不丹 Bhutan BT 不丹王国 Kingdom of Bhutan 布基纳法索 Burkina Faso BF 布基纳法索 Burkina Faso 布隆迪 Burundi BI 布隆迪共和国 Republic of Burundi 布维岛 Bouvet Island BV 布维岛Bouvet Island 朝鲜 Korea, Democratic Peoples Republic of KP 朝鲜民主主义人民共和国 Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea 赤道几内亚 Equatorial Guinea GQ 赤道几内亚共和国 Republic of Equatorial Guinea 丹麦 Denmark DK 丹麦王国 Kingdom of Denmark 德国 Germany DE 德意志联邦共和国 Federal Republic of Germany 东帝汶 East Timor TP 东帝汶 East Timor 多哥 Togo TG 多哥共和国 Republic of Togo 多米尼加 Dominican Republic DO 多米尼加共和国 Dominican Republic 多米尼克 Dominica DM 多米尼克联邦 Commonwealth of Dominica 俄罗斯 Ruia RU 俄罗斯联邦 Ruian Federation 厄瓜多尔 Ecuador EC 厄瓜多尔共和国 Republic of Ecuador 厄立特里亚 Eritrea ER 厄立特里亚国 State of Eritrea 法国 France FR 法兰西共和国 Republic of France 法罗群岛 Faroe Islands FO 法罗群岛 Faroe Islands 法属波利尼西亚 French Polynesia PF 法属波利尼西亚 French Polynesia 法属圭亚那 French Guiana GF 法属圭亚那 French Guiana 法属南部领土 French Southern Territories TF 法属南部领土 French Southern Territories 梵蒂冈 Vatican VA 梵蒂冈城国 Vatican City State 菲律宾 Philippines PH 菲律宾共和国 Republic of the Philippines 斐济 Fiji FJ 斐济群岛共和国 Republic of the Fiji Islands 芬兰 Finland FI 芬兰共和国 Republic of Finland 佛得角 Cape Verde CV 佛得角共和国 Republic of Cape Verde 福克兰群岛（马尔维纳斯）Falkland Islands (Malvinas) FK 福克兰群岛（马尔维纳斯）Falkland Islands(Malvinas) 冈比亚 Gambia GM 冈比亚共和国 Republic of the Gambia 刚果（布） Congo CG 刚果共和国 Republic of Congo 刚果（金） Congo, the democratic republic of the CD 刚果民主共和国 Democratic republic of Congo 哥伦比亚 Columbia CO 哥伦比亚共和国 Republic of Columbia 哥斯达黎加 Costa Rica CR 哥斯达黎加共和国 Republic of Costa Rica 格林纳达 Grenada GD 格林纳达 Grenada 格陵兰 Greenland GL 格陵兰 Greenland 格鲁吉亚 Georgia GE 格鲁吉亚 Georgia 古巴 Cuba CU 古巴共和国 Republic of Cuba 瓜德罗普 Guadeloupe GP 瓜德罗普 Guadeloupe 关岛 Guam GU 关岛 Guam 圭亚那 Guyana GY 圭亚那合作共和国 Cooperative Republic of Guyana 哈萨克斯坦 Kazakstan KZ 哈萨克斯坦共和国 Republic of Kazakstan 海地 Haiti HT 海地共和国 Republic of Haiti 韩国 Korea,Republic of KR 大韩民国 Republic of Korea 荷兰 Netherlands NL 荷兰王国 Kingdom of the Netherlands 荷属安的列斯 Netherlands Antilles AN 荷属安的列斯 Netherlands Antilles 赫德岛和麦克唐纳岛 Heard Islands and McDonald Islands HM 赫德岛和麦克唐纳岛Heard Islands and McDonald Islands 黑山 Montenegro 黑山共和国 Republic of Montenegro 洪都拉斯 Honduras HN 洪都拉斯共和国 Republic of Honduras 基里巴斯 Kiribati KI 基里巴斯共和国 Republic of Kiribati 吉布提 Djibouti DJ 吉布提共和国 Republic of Djibouti 吉尔吉斯斯坦 Kyrgyzstan KG 吉尔吉斯共和国 Kyrgyz Republic 几内亚 Guinea GN 几内亚共和国 Republic of Guinea 几内亚比绍 Guinea-biau GW 几内亚比绍共和国 Republic of Guinea-biau 加拿大 Canada CA 加拿大 Canada 加纳 Ghana GH 加纳共和国 Republic of Ghana 加蓬 Gabon GA 加蓬共和国 Gabonese Republic 柬埔寨 Cambodia KH 柬埔寨王国 Kingdom of Cambodia 捷克 Czech Republic CZ 捷克共和国 Czech Republic 津巴布韦 Zimbabwe ZW 津巴布韦共和国 Republic of Zimbabwe 喀麦隆 Cameroon CM 喀麦隆共和国 Republic of Cameroon 卡塔尔 Qatar QA 卡塔尔国 State of Qatar 开曼群岛 Cayman Islands KY 开曼群岛 Cayman Islands 科科斯（基林）群岛 Coccs(Keeling) Islands CC 科科斯（基林）群岛 Coccs(Keeling) Islands 科摩罗 Comoros KM 科摩罗伊斯兰联邦共和国 Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros 科特迪瓦 Cote dIvoire CI 科特迪瓦共和国 Republic of Cote dIvoire 科威特 Kuwait KW 科威特国 State of Kuwait 克罗地亚 Croatia HR 克罗地亚共和国 Republic of Croatia 肯尼亚 Kenya KE 肯尼亚共和国 Republic of Kenya 库克群岛 Cook Islands CK 库克群岛 Cook Islands 拉脱维亚 Latvia LV 拉脱维亚共和国 Republic of Latvia 莱索托 Lesotho LS 莱索托王国 Kingdom of Lesotho 老挝 Lao LA 老挝人民民主共和国 Lao Peoples Democratic Republic 黎巴嫩 Lebanon LB 黎巴嫩共和国 Republic of Lebanon 立陶宛 Lithuania LT 立陶宛共和国 Republic of Lithuania 利比里亚 Liberia LR 利比里亚共和国 Republic of Liberia 利比亚 Libya LY 大阿拉伯利比亚人民社会主义民众国 Great Socialist Peoples Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 列支敦士登 Liechtenstein LI 列支敦士登公国 Principality of Liechtenstein 留尼汪 Reunion RE 留尼汪 Reunion 卢森堡 Luxembourg LU 卢森堡大公国 Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 卢旺达 Rwanda RW 卢旺达共和国 Republic of Rwanda 罗马尼亚 Romania RO 罗马尼亚 Romania 马达加斯加 Madagascar MG 马达加斯加共和国 Republic of Madagascar 马尔代夫 Maldives MV 马尔代夫共和国 Republic of Maldives 马耳他 Malta MT 马耳他共和国 Republic of Malta 马拉维 Malawi MW 马拉维共和国 Republic of Malawi 马来西亚 Malaysia MY 马来西亚 Malaysia 马里 Mali ML 马里共和国 Republic of Mali 马绍尔群岛 Marshall Islands MH 马绍尔群岛共和国 Republic of the Marshall Islands 马提尼克 Martinique MQ 马提尼克 Martinique 马约特 Mayotte YT 马约特 Mayotte 毛里求斯 Mauritius MU 毛里求斯共和国 Republic of Mauritius 毛里塔尼亚 Mauritania MR 毛里塔尼亚伊斯兰共和国 Islamic Republic of Mauritania 美国 United States US 美利坚合众国 United States of America 美国本土外小岛屿 United States Minor outlying Islands UM 美国本土外小岛屿 United States Minor outlying Islands 美属萨摩亚 American Samoa AS 美属萨摩亚 American Samoa 美属维尔京群岛 Virgin Islands, U.S.VI 美属维尔京群岛 Virgin Islands of the United States 蒙古 Mongolia MN 蒙古国 Mongolia 蒙特塞拉特 Montserrat MS 蒙特塞拉特 Montserrat 孟加拉国 Bangladesh BD 孟加拉人民共和国 Peoples Republic of Bangladesh 秘鲁 Peru PE 秘鲁共和国 Republic of Peru 密克罗尼西亚 Micronesia FM 密克罗尼西亚联邦 Federated States of Micronesia 缅甸 Myanmar MM 缅甸联邦 union of Myanmar 摩尔多瓦 Moldova MD 摩尔多瓦共和国 Republic of Moldova 摩洛哥 Morocco MA 摩洛哥王国 Kingdom of Morocco 摩纳哥 Monaco MC 摩纳哥公国 Principality of Monaco 莫桑比克 Mozambique MZ 莫桑比克共和国 Republic of Mozambique 墨西哥 Mexico MX 墨西哥合众国 United States of Mexico 纳米尼亚 Namibia NA 纳米尼亚 Republic of Namibia 南非 South Africa ZA 南非共和国 Republic of South Africa 南极洲 Antarctica AQ 南极洲 Antarctica 南乔治亚岛和南桑德韦奇岛 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands GS 南乔治亚岛和南桑德韦奇岛

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 瑙鲁 Nauru NR 瑙鲁共和国 Republic of Nauru 尼泊尔 Nepal NP 尼泊尔王国 Kingdom of Nepal 尼加拉瓜 Nicaragua NI 尼加拉瓜共和国 Republic of Nicaragua 尼日尔 Niger NE 尼日尔共和国 Republic of Niger 尼日利亚 Nigeria NG 尼日利亚联邦共和国 Federal Republic of Nigeria 纽埃 Niue NU 纽埃 Niue 挪威 Norway NO 挪威王国 Kingdom of Norway 诺福克岛 Norfolk Island NF 诺福克岛 Norfolk Island 帕劳 Palau PW 帕劳共和国 Republic of Palau 皮特凯恩 Pitcairn PN 皮特凯恩 Pitcairn 葡萄牙 Portugal PT 葡萄牙共和国 Portuguese Republic 马其顿 Macedonia MK马其顿共和国 Republic of Macedonia 日本 Japan JP 日本国 Japan 瑞典 Sweden SE 瑞典王国 Kingdom of Sweden 瑞士 Switzerland CH 瑞士联邦 Swi Confederation 萨尔瓦多 El Salvador SV 萨尔瓦多共和国 Republic of El Salvador 萨摩亚 Samoa WS 萨摩亚独立国 Independent State of Samoa 塞尔维亚 Serbia塞尔维亚共和国 Republic of Serbia 塞拉利昂 Sierra Leone SL 塞拉利昂共和国 Republic of Sierra Leone 塞内加尔 Senegal SN 塞内加尔共和国 Republic of Senegal 塞浦路斯 Cyprus CY 塞浦路斯共和国 Republic of Cyprus 塞舌尔 Seychelles SC 塞舌尔共和国 Republic of Seychelles 沙特阿拉伯 Saudi Arabia SA 沙特阿拉伯王国 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 圣诞岛 Christmas Island CX 圣诞岛 Christmas Island 圣多美和普林西比 Sao Tome and Principe ST 圣多美和普林西比民主共和国 Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe 圣赫勒拿 Saint Helena SH 圣赫勒拿 Saint Helena 圣基茨和尼维斯 Saint Kitts and Nevis KN 圣基茨和尼维斯联邦 Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis 圣卢西亚 Saint Lucia LC 圣卢西亚 Saint Lucia 圣马力诺 San Marino SM 圣马力诺共和国 Republic of San Marino 圣皮埃尔和密克隆 Saint Pierre and Miquelon PM 圣皮埃尔和密克隆Saint Pierre and Miquelon 圣文森特和格林纳丁斯 Saint Vincent and Grenadines VC 圣文森特和格林纳丁斯 Saint Vincent and Grenadines 斯里兰卡 Sri Lanka LK 斯里兰卡民主社会主义共和国 Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka 斯洛伐克 Slovakia SK 斯洛伐克共和国 Slovak Republic 斯洛文尼亚 Slovenia SI 斯洛文尼亚共和国 Republic of Slovenia 斯瓦尔巴岛和扬马延岛 Svalbard and Jan Mayen SJ 斯瓦尔巴岛和扬马延岛Svalbard and Jan Mayen 斯威士兰 Swaziland SZ 斯威士兰王国 Kingdom of Swaziland 苏丹 Sudan SD 苏丹共和国 Republic of Sudan 苏里南 Suriname SR 苏里南共和国 Republic of Suriname 所罗门群岛 Solomon Islands SB 所罗门群岛 Solomon Islands 索马里 Somalia SO 索马里共和国 Somali Republic 塔吉克斯坦 Tajikistan TJ 塔吉克斯坦共和国 Republic of Tajikistan 台湾 Taiwan CN 中国台湾 Taiwan, Province of China 泰国 Thailand TH 泰王国 Kingdom of Thailand 坦桑尼亚 Tanzania TZ 坦桑尼亚联合共和国 United Republic of Tanzania 汤加 Tonga TO 汤加王国 Kingdom of Tonga 特克斯和凯科斯群岛 Turks and Caicos Islands TC 特克斯和凯科斯群岛 Turks and Caicos Islands 特立尼达和多巴哥 Trinidad and Tobago TT 特立尼达和多巴哥共和国 Republic of Trinidad and Tobago 突尼斯 Tunisia TN 突尼斯共和国 Republic of Tunisia 图瓦卢 Tuvalu TV 图瓦卢 Tuvalu 土耳其 Turkey TR 土耳其共和国 Republic of Turkey 土库曼斯坦 Turkmenstan TM 土库曼斯坦 Turkmenstan 托克劳 Tokelau TK 托克劳 Tokelau 瓦利斯和富图纳 Wallis and Futuna WF 瓦利斯和富图纳 Wallis and Futuna 瓦努阿图 Vanuatu VU 瓦努阿图共和国 Republic of Vanuatu 危地马拉 Guatemala GT 危地马拉共和国 Republic of Guatemala 委内瑞拉 Venezuela VE 委内瑞拉共和国 Republic of Venezuela 文莱 Brunei BN 文莱达鲁萨兰国 Brunei Darualam 乌干达 Uganda UG 乌干达共和国 Republic of Uganda 乌克兰 Ukraine UA 乌克兰共和国 Republic of Ukraine 乌拉圭 Uruguay UY 乌拉圭东岸共和国 Oriental Republic of Uruguay 乌兹别克斯坦 Uzbekistan UZ 乌兹别克斯坦 Republic of Uzbekistan 西班牙 Spain ES 西班牙王国 Kingdom of Spain 西撒哈拉 Western Sahara EH 西撒哈拉 Western Sahara 希腊 Greece GR 希腊共和国 Hellenic Republic 香港 Hong Kong CN 中国香港特别行政区 Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China 新加坡 Singapore SG 新加坡共和国 Republic of Singapore 新喀里多尼亚 New Caledonia NC 新喀里多尼亚 New Caledonia 新西兰 New Zealand NZ 新西兰 New Zealand 匈牙利 Hungary HU 匈牙利共和国 Republic of Hungary 叙利亚 Syria SY 阿拉伯叙利亚共和国 Syrian Arab Republic 牙买加 Jamaica JM 牙买加 Jamaica 亚美尼亚 Armenia AM 亚美尼亚共和国 Republic of Armenia 也门 Yemen YE 也门共和国 Republic of Yemen 伊拉克 Iraq IQ 伊拉克共和国 Republic of Iraq 伊朗 Iran IR 伊朗伊斯兰共和国 Islamic Republic of Iran 以色列 Israel IL 以色列国 State of Israel 意大利 Italy IT 意大利共和国 Republic of Italy 印度 India IN 印度共和国 Republic of India 印度尼西亚 Indonesia ID 印度尼西亚共和国 Republic of Indonesia 英国 United Kingdom GB 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 英属维尔京群岛 Virgin Islands, British VG 英属维尔京群岛 British Virgin Islands 英属印度洋领地 British Indian Ocean Territory IO 英属印度洋领地 British Indian Ocean Territory 约旦 Jordan JO 约旦哈希姆王国 Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan 越南 Viet Nam VN 越南社会主义共和国 Socialist Republic of Viet Nam 赞比亚 Zambia ZM 赞比亚共和国 Republic of Zambia 乍得 Chad TD 乍得共和国 Republic of Chad 直布罗陀 Gibraltar GI 直布罗陀 Gibraltar 智利 Chile CL 智利共和国 Republic of Chile 中非 Central Africa Republic CF 中非共和国 Central Africa Republic 中国 China CN 中华人民共和国 People’s Republic of China

推荐第7篇：出国留学单位英文推荐信

出国留学单位英文推荐信

Dear Sir or Madam,

I take great pleasure in recommending Mi Kathleen Lu for the acceptance into your distinguished communication Master program.Being the director of xxx in PR, Ogilvy China, I have a very good chance to observe her performance and communicate with her in our daily work in the past one month.

Ogilvy & Mather PR China is the China\'s number one public relations consultancy, covering a wide range of Technology, Health and Medical, Corporate and Finance, Public Affairs and Strategic Marketing practices.We offer profeional service for most top 500 multi-national companies and we have strict requirements for our employees.Even for intern, there are rigid paper-based test and interviews.Kathleen’s talent and potential outshined her among tons of applicants.

What impreed me the most is Kathleen’s strategic thinking.In interview, she presented an additional document, a report about HealthCare PR in Chinese market, in which she analyzed market share of each PR agencies and proposed Ogilvy’s HealthCare market expansion strategy.It is really surprise to see such a strategic statement from a student who had no related educational background.I think she is the very candidate we are looking for.

Kathleen is extremely smart and highly efficient in daily work.Her main responsibility is media monitoring—collecting information from every poible channel, filtering out the elite part as the material for news clipping.To offer a profeional and accurate consulting for the clients, she always self-learnt related knowledge when she got involved a new project.At very beginning of her internship, she finish an English xxxxxx (tell the nature of the report) report for clients in only one week, which received positive feedback from clients.She at the same time

participated in several projects.The heavy workload never frustrated her, and instead motivated her to find out efficient way to solve problems.

What impreed me most is that she is highly motivated to go extra miles to support her daily routine.To help the clients better response to the media in the pre conference, she initiatively prepared the briefing book of suggested answers to the poible questions from journalists.Such a report guaranteed the succe of the activity.To better administrate the data for projects, she established the internal “data library” which includes the frequently used Media information and industry information.So the other team members can quickly find out the circulation of some important media, and get the timely industry information.

Industrious, analytical, self-motivated and that is not all of her.(The sentence looks dull.Better to change another one.) Adding to her merits are teamwork, creativity, and good communication skill, which surely qualify her worthy aet in your unique program.Combined with my working experience, I have no doubt that Ni will be a promising PR in the future.Therefore, I recommend her without any reservation.Your favorable consideration will be highly appreciated.

推荐第8篇：签证用单位证明信英文

签证用单位证明信英文模板(标准版)一

一、国家机关出具中文版正文、英文版附件模板

(注：政府机关出具公函，用本单位专用信笺打印，并加盖公章。红色部分是需要申请人根据自身具体情况修改的地方。)

XX省教育厅用笺

在职及收入证明

大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国驻华大使馆(驻上海领事馆)：

兹证明张三(个人护照号G88888888)为我厅公务员，自1993年7月起任职至今，工作表现良好;现职法规处副处长，月收入(税后)人民币伍仟伍佰圆(CNY 5,500)。

张三申请于2008年10月1日至10月7日自费赴贵国旅游度假，并保证在贵国期间遵守当地法律法规，度假结束后按期返回。我厅已予准假，并为其保留职位及薪金。请贵方协助办理有关签证手续。

如有问题，请联系我厅人事处，电话_________________________。

此致

XX省教育厅

人事处(公章)

二〇〇八年五月二十八日

(注：政府机关证明函英文部分另外用空白A4纸打印，不要盖章，附在中文证明信后。红色部分是申请者根据自身具体情况，对应中文版本应该修改的地方。)

Division of Personnel

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

OF XX PROVINCE, P.R.CHINA

28th May 2008

EMBASSY大使馆 / CONSULATE领事馆 of THE UNITED KINGDOM OF

GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND

To whom it may concern

Dear Sir or Madam:

We hereby confirm that Mr.Zhang San, the visa applicant, whose national paport number is G88888888, has been working for the Department of Education of XX Province (abbreviated to XPDE hereinafter) as a civil servant for fifteen years since July 1993 and has heretofore kept a good record of performance.The current title of Mr.Zhang is Vice-Director of Division of Legal Affairs, XPDE and his current salary (after-tax) is five thousand and five hundred Renminbi yuan (CNY 5,500) per month.

Mr.Zhang applied for a leave of 7 days from 1st to 7th October 2008 for his vacation that he planned to spend in your country at his own expense.He aures to comply with UK laws when in your country and return to his position when the vacation is over.We have approved his application and made sure that we will reserve his position and salary during his leave.

Please kindly afford him any appropriate aistance concerning visa affairs in case of need.If any questions, please do not hesitate to contact the Division of Personnel, XPDE at +86 (10) 8678-5588 ext.1234.

Sincerely,

Division of Personnel

Department of Education of XX Province

(Sealed)

二、民间机构出具证明信模板

(注：企业及民间团体等非政府机构可以不用中文，直接用英文，在本单位专用信笺上打印。红色部分为申请者根据自身具体情况，应修改的地方。)

※兴隆股份有限公司

地址：XX省XX市XX区XX路888号兴隆大厦 邮编：800000

电话：_____________ 传真：_____________

网址：_____________ 电子函件：_____________

Department of Human Resource

XINGLONG INC.

28th May 2008

VISA OFFICE

AUSTRALIAN EMBASSY大使馆 / CONSULATE领事馆

To whom it may concern

Dear Sir or Madam:

We hereby confirm that Mr.Zhang San(张三，注：用汉字标示一下), the visa applicant, whose national paport number is G88888888, has been working for Xinglong Inc.for fifteen years since July 1993 and has heretofore kept a good record of performance.The current title of Mr.Zhang is Deputy General Manager of the Department of Sales and his current salary (after-tax) is fifteen thousand and five hundred Renminbi yuan (CNY 15,500) per month.

Mr.Zhang applied for a leave of 7 days from 1st to 7th October 2008 for his vacation that he planned to spend in your country at his own expense.He aures to comply with Australian laws when in your country and return to his position when the vacation is over.We have approved his application and made sure that we will reserve his position and salary during his leave.

Please kindly afford him any appropriate aistance concerning visa affairs in case of need.If any questions, please do not hesitate to contact Li Si, the Department of Human Resource at +86 (88) 8788-6688 ext.1234.

Sincerely,

(人事部负责人签名)

Li Si(李四)

Manager of Department of Human Resource

Xinglong Inc.

(公司盖章) 签证用单位证明信英文模板(标准版)二

一、国家机关出具中文版正文、英文版附件模板

(注：政府机关出具公函，用本单位专用信笺打印，并加盖公章。红色部分是需要申请人根据自身具体情况修改的地方。)

XX省教育厅用笺

在职及收入证明

大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国驻华大使馆(驻上海领事馆)：

兹证明张三(个人护照号G88888888)为我厅公务员，自1993年7月起任职至今，工作表现良好;现职法规处副处长，月收入(税后)人民币伍仟伍佰圆(CNY 5,500)。

张三申请于2008年10月1日至10月7日自费赴贵国旅游度假，并保证在贵国期间遵守当地法律法规，度假结束后按期返回。我厅已予准假，并为其保留职位及薪金。请贵方协助办理有关签证手续。

如有问题，请联系我厅人事处，电话__________________________。

此致

XX省教育厅

人事处(公章)

二〇〇八年五月二十八日

(注：政府机关证明函英文部分另外用空白A4纸打印，不要盖章，附在中文证明信后。红色部分是申请者根据自身具体情况，对应中文版本应该修改的地方。)

Division of Personnel

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

OF XX PROVINCE, P.R.CHINA

28th May 2008

EMBASSY大使馆 / CONSULATE领事馆 of THE UNITED KINGDOM OF

GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND

To whom it may concern

Dear Sir or Madam:

We hereby confirm that Mr.Zhang San, the visa applicant, whose national paport number is G88888888, has been working for the Department of Education of XX Province (abbreviated to XPDE hereinafter) as a civil servant for fifteen years since July 1993 and has heretofore kept a good record of performance.The current title of Mr.Zhang is Vice-Director of Division of Legal Affairs, XPDE and his current salary (after-tax) is five thousand and five hundred Renminbi yuan (CNY 5,500) per month.

Mr.Zhang applied for a leave of 7 days from 1st to 7th October 2008 for his vacation that he planned to spend in your country at his own expense.He aures to comply with UK laws when in your country and return to his position when the vacation is over.We have approved his application and made sure that we will reserve his position and salary during his leave.

Please kindly afford him any appropriate aistance concerning visa affairs in case of need.If any questions, please do not hesitate to contact the Division of Personnel, XPDE at +86 (10) 8678-5588 ext.1234.

Sincerely,

Division of Personnel

Department of Education of XX Province

(Sealed)

二、民间机构出具证明信模板

(注：企业及民间团体等非政府机构可以不用中文，直接用英文，在本单位专用信笺上打印。红色部分为申请者根据自身具体情况，应修改的地方。)

※兴隆股份有限公司

地址：XX省XX市XX区XX路888号兴隆大厦 邮编：_____________ 电话：_____________传真：_____________

网址：_____________电子函件：_____________

Department of Human Resource

XINGLONG INC.

28th May 2008

VISA OFFICE

AUSTRALIAN EMBASSY大使馆 / CONSULATE领事馆

To whom it may concern

Dear Sir or Madam:

We hereby confirm that Mr.Zhang San(张三，注：用汉字标示一下), the visa applicant, whose national paport number is G88888888, has been working for Xinglong Inc.for fifteen years since July 1993 and has heretofore kept a good record of performance.The current title of Mr.Zhang is Deputy General Manager of the Department of Sales and his current salary (after-tax) is fifteen thousand and five hundred Renminbi yuan (CNY 15,500) per month.

Mr.Zhang applied for a leave of 7 days from 1st to 7th October 2008 for his vacation that he planned to spend in your country at his own expense.He aures to comply with Australian laws when in your country and return to his position when the vacation is over.We have approved his application and made sure that we will reserve his position and salary during his leave.

Please kindly afford him any appropriate aistance concerning visa affairs in case of need.If any questions, please do not hesitate to contact Li Si, the Department of Human Resource at +86 (88) 8788-6688 ext.1234.

Sincerely,

(人事部负责人签名)

Li Si(李四)

Manager of Department of Human Resource

Xinglong Inc.

(公司盖章)

单位证明函撰写说明：

单位出具的《在职及收入证明函》可以说是签证申请的核心材料之一。格式、内容规范，措辞郑重、得体的信函，可以从一个侧面表现出申请者所在单位的良好形象，给签证官留下较好的印象，起到为申请加分的作用。对单位函件的要求有以下几个方面：

一、办理签证所要求的内容要素必须完整

外国驻华使、领馆一般要求单位证明函包含以下内容：

1.单位确认申请者姓名、护照号、在本单位工作年限、现任职务、现工资水平等;

2.单位确认申请者此行是公费，还是自费;

3.单位确认是否担保在申请者出国期间，为其保留职位和工资。

以上是单位证明函内容的一般要求。而不同类型单位的证明函出具也有不同的讲究。

二、国家机关出具证明函应遵循外交外事规范

国家机关包括各级人民代表大会及其常务委员会(也就是我国的各级议会)、政府机关和司法机关。一般来说，国家机关的公务员工作和收入都相当稳定，有利于签证办理。但是千万不要被内容不完整、形式草率的单位证明函给拉后腿。

国家机关出具证明函应注意以下几点：

1.中国是一个主权国家;汉语言文字是国家的官方语文。而依照外交规范和惯例，国家机关向外国政府及其派出的使节出具的公函，也属于外交照会的范畴。因此，国家机关出具证明信，只出具中文版本，并加盖公章，作为正式的语言版本;英文翻译稿不盖章，附在中文正本后面，作为非正式附件，以方便使馆领事人员阅读理解。

2.信函要打印在单位套头印刷的专用信笺上。如果有外文版的外事专用信笺就更好。可盖人事部门的部门章，也可盖单位公章。

3.英文稿既然是非正式附件，就不用打印在单位套头印刷的专用信笺上，可打印在空白的A4纸上，且不盖章，也不签名。但仍应采用正式公文体的格式、字体和措辞(如“whereas鉴于”、“hereby兹/特此”、“hereinafter以下/下文”等公文用的文绉绉的“拽”词可以适当运用)。

4.无论是中文稿，还是英文稿，我方、外方的国号、政府机构名称都必须规范。如英国的全称是“大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”。

要弄清楚对方是驻华大使馆(embay)还是驻某个城市的领事馆(consulate)，级别是不一样的。

各国的规范英文全称附在本文后面。

如果实在搞不准规范的国号全称，可以用规范的简称，如：Embay of the Commonwealth of Australia(澳大利亚联邦驻华大使馆)，可以简称为Australian Embay in China;但英国大使馆不可以简称为British Embay，应为Embay of the United Kingdom;美国大使馆不可以简称为American Embay，而是Embay of the United States，或U.S.Embay。

各级国家机关、公务员职务的名称，都有其对应的规范的英文名称。外交部曾经发布过规范译名。现附于本说明之后。

以上是国家机关出具外事证明函的一般外交规范。一般来说，地、市级以上国家机关都设有外事办公室。具体的外事公文规范，以外事办的解释为准。

三、民间机构出具证明函的要求

民间机构出具的函件，规格不必像国家机关的那样正式。但所要求的内容要素一样也不能少。

格式上，也显得郑重一些，采用一般商业公函的格式。措辞上可以免去政府公文的一些文绉绉的“拽”词儿，显得更加简洁、更加straight一些。

对外国驻华使馆的英文称呼可以不用全称，但一定要用规范的简称。如，英国驻华大使馆，可以简称Embay of the United Kingdom(英国正式的全称是the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)，或Embay of the UK，不要用不规范的British Embay;美国大使馆，可以简称Embay of the United States(美国全称the United States of America)，或者U.S.Embay，不要用American Embay。

民间职业、职位、职称等实在太多，本文无法一一列举。驴友可参考以下帖子，那里有一份长达53页的职位、职称大全(但是注意里面的许多国家公务员职务名称是不规范的，不要采用) 签证用单位证明信英文模板(标准版)三

附录一：公务员职务名称规范英文译名列表

中共中央总书记 General Secretary, the CPC Central Committee

政治局常委 Member, Standing Committee of Political Bureau, the CPC Central Committee

政治局委员 Member, Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee

书记处书记 Member, secretariat of the CPC Central Committee

中央委员 Member, Central Committee

候补委员 Alternate Member

„省委/市委书记 Secretary, „Provincial/Municipal Committee of the CPC

党组书记 secretary, Party Leadership Group

中华人民共和国主席/副主席 President/Vice President, the Peoples Republic of China

全国人大委员长/副委员长 Chairman/Vice Chairman, National People’s Congre

秘书长 Secretary-General

主任委员 Chairman

委员 Member

(地方人大)主任 Chairman of Local People’s Congre (of„地名)

人大代表 Deputy to the People’s Congre

国务院总理 Premier of the State Council

国务委员 State Councilor

秘书长 Secretary-General

(国务院各委员会)主任 Minister in Charge of Commiion for „

(国务院各部)部长 Minister

(中国人民银行)行长 Governor (of the People’s Bank of China)

(审计署)审计长 Auditor-General (of the National Audit Office of P.R.China)

(司法部)部长 Attorney-General (of the Ministry of Justice of P.R.China)

部长助理 Aistant Minister

司长 Director General (of the Department of „)

(中央政府副部级)局长 Director General

省长 Governor (of „ Province)

常务副省长 Executive Vice Governor

自治区人民政府主席 Chairman, Autonomous Regional Peoples Government

(××厅)厅长 Director General (of the Department of „)

地区专员 Commiioner (of Prefecture of „ 地区名)

香港特别行政区行政长官 Chief Executive, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

市长/副市长 Mayor/Vice Mayor

区长 Chief Executive (of „ District Government)

县长 Chief Executive of County Government

乡镇长 Chief Executive of Township Government

秘书长 Secretary-General

(地方政府)办公厅主任 Director of General Office

(地方政府部委办)主任 Director

处长/副处长 Division Director/Deputy Division Director

科长/股长 Section Chief

主任科员 Principal Staff

科员 Staff Member

办事员 Clerk/Officer

发言人 Spokesman

顾问 Adviser

参事 Counselor

巡视员 Inspector/Monitor

特派员 Commiioner

人民法院院长 President, Peoples Courts

人民法庭庭长 Chief Judge, Peoples Tribunals

审判长 Chief Judge

审判员 Judge

书记 Clerk of the Court

法医 Legal Medical Expert

法警 Judicial Policeman

人民检察院检察长 Procurator-General, People’s Procuratorate

监狱长 Warden

律师 Attorney at Law(不用lawyer，那是泛称)

公证员 Notary Public

总警监 Commiioner General

警监 Commiioner

警督 Supervisor

警司 Superintendent

警员 Constable

附录二：世界各国与地区英文全称及简称(按汉语拼音音序)

阿尔巴尼亚 Albania AL 阿尔巴尼亚共和国 Republic of Albania

阿尔及利亚 Algeria DZ 阿尔及利亚民主人民共和国 Democratic Peoples Republic of Algeria

阿富汗 Afghanistan AF 阿富汗伊斯兰国 Islamic State of Afghanistan

阿根廷 Argentina AR 阿根廷共和国 Republic of Argentina

阿联酋 United Arab Emirates AE 阿拉伯联合酋长国 United Arab Emirates

阿鲁巴 Aruba AW 阿鲁巴 Aruba

阿曼 Oman OM 阿曼苏丹国 Sultanate of Oman

阿塞拜疆 Azerbaijan AZ 阿塞拜疆共和国 Republic of Azerbaijan

埃及 Egypt EG 阿拉伯埃及共和国 Arab Republic of Egypt

埃塞俄比亚 Ethiopia ET 埃塞俄比亚联邦民主共和国 Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

爱尔兰 Ireland IE 爱尔兰共和国 Republic of Ireland

爱沙尼亚 Estonia EE 爱沙尼亚共和国 Republic of Estonia

安道尔 Andorra AD 安道尔公国 Principality of Andorra

安哥拉 Angola AO 安哥拉共和国 Republic of Angola

安圭拉 Anguilla AI 安圭拉 Anguilla

安提瓜和巴布达 Antigua and barbuda AG 安提瓜和巴布达 Antigua and barbuda

奥地利 Austria AT 奥地利共和国 Republic of Austria

澳大利亚 Australia AU 澳大利亚联邦 Commonwealth of Australia

澳门 Macau CN 中国澳门特别行政区 Macau, Special Administrative Region of China

巴巴多斯 Barbados BB 巴巴多斯 Barbados

巴布亚新几内亚 Papua New Guinea PG 巴布亚新几内亚独立国 Independent State of Papua New

Guinea

巴哈马 Bahamas BS 巴哈马联邦 Commonwealth of the Bahamas

巴基斯坦 Pakistan PK 巴基斯坦伊斯兰共和国 Islamic Republic of Pakistan

巴拉圭 Paraguay PY 巴拉圭共和国 Republic of Paraguay

巴勒斯坦 Palestine PS 巴勒斯坦国 State of Palestine

巴林 Bahrain BH 巴林国 State of Bahrain

巴拿马 Panama PA 巴拿马共和国 Republic of Panama

巴西 Brazil BR 巴西联邦共和国 Federative Republic of Brazil

白俄罗斯 Belarus BY 白俄罗斯共和国 Republic of Belarus

百慕大 Bermuda BM 百慕大群岛 Bermuda Islands

保加利亚 Bulgaria BG 保加利亚共和国 Republic of Bulgaria

北马里亚纳 Northern Marianas Islands MP 北马里亚纳自由联邦 Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands

贝宁 Benin BJ 贝宁共和国 Republic of Benin

比利时 Belgium BE 比利时王国 Kingdom of Belgium

冰岛 Iceland IS 冰岛共和国 Republic of Iceland

波多黎各 Puerto Rico PR 波多黎各 Puerto Rico

波黑 Bosnia and Herzegovina BA 波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那共和国 Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina

波兰 Poland PL 波兰共和国 Republic of Poland

玻利维亚 Bolivia BO 玻利维亚共和国 Republic of Bolivia

伯利兹 Belize BZ 伯利兹 Belize

博茨瓦纳 Botswana BW 博茨瓦纳共和国 Republic of Botswana

不丹 Bhutan BT 不丹王国 Kingdom of Bhutan

布基纳法索 Burkina Faso BF 布基纳法索 Burkina Faso

布隆迪 Burundi BI 布隆迪共和国 Republic of Burundi

布维岛 Bouvet Island BV 布维岛Bouvet Island

朝鲜 Korea, Democratic Peoples Republic of KP 朝鲜民主主义人民共和国 Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea

赤道几内亚 Equatorial Guinea GQ 赤道几内亚共和国 Republic of Equatorial Guinea

丹麦 Denmark DK 丹麦王国 Kingdom of Denmark

德国 Germany DE 德意志联邦共和国 Federal Republic of Germany

东帝汶 East Timor TP 东帝汶 East Timor

多哥 Togo TG 多哥共和国 Republic of Togo

多米尼加 Dominican Republic DO 多米尼加共和国 Dominican Republic

多米尼克 Dominica DM 多米尼克联邦 Commonwealth of Dominica

俄罗斯 Ruia RU 俄罗斯联邦 Ruian Federation

厄瓜多尔 Ecuador EC 厄瓜多尔共和国 Republic of Ecuador

厄立特里亚 Eritrea ER 厄立特里亚国 State of Eritrea

法国 France FR 法兰西共和国 Republic of France

法罗群岛 Faroe Islands FO 法罗群岛 Faroe Islands

法属波利尼西亚 French Polynesia PF 法属波利尼西亚 French Polynesia

法属圭亚那 French Guiana GF 法属圭亚那 French Guiana

法属南部领土 French Southern Territories TF 法属南部领土 French Southern Territories

梵蒂冈 Vatican VA 梵蒂冈城国 Vatican City State

菲律宾 Philippines PH 菲律宾共和国 Republic of the Philippines

斐济 Fiji FJ 斐济群岛共和国 Republic of the Fiji Islands

芬兰 Finland FI 芬兰共和国 Republic of Finland

佛得角 Cape Verde CV 佛得角共和国 Republic of Cape Verde

福克兰群岛(马尔维纳斯)Falkland Islands (Malvinas) FK 福克兰群岛(马尔维纳斯)Falkland Islands(Malvinas)

冈比亚 Gambia GM 冈比亚共和国 Republic of the Gambia

刚果(布) Congo CG 刚果共和国 Republic of Congo

刚果(金) Congo, the democratic republic of the CD 刚果民主共和国 Democratic republic of Congo

哥伦比亚 Columbia CO 哥伦比亚共和国 Republic of Columbia

哥斯达黎加 Costa Rica CR 哥斯达黎加共和国 Republic of Costa Rica

格林纳达 Grenada GD 格林纳达 Grenada

格陵兰 Greenland GL 格陵兰 Greenland

格鲁吉亚 Georgia GE 格鲁吉亚 Georgia

古巴 Cuba CU 古巴共和国 Republic of Cuba

瓜德罗普 Guadeloupe GP 瓜德罗普 Guadeloupe

关岛 Guam GU 关岛 Guam

圭亚那 Guyana GY 圭亚那合作共和国 Cooperative Republic of Guyana

哈萨克斯坦 Kazakstan KZ 哈萨克斯坦共和国 Republic of Kazakstan

海地 Haiti HT 海地共和国 Republic of Haiti

韩国 Korea,Republic of KR 大韩民国 Republic of Korea

荷兰 Netherlands NL 荷兰王国 Kingdom of the Netherlands

荷属安的列斯 Netherlands Antilles AN 荷属安的列斯 Netherlands Antilles

赫德岛和麦克唐纳岛 Heard Islands and McDonald Islands HM 赫德岛和麦克唐纳岛Heard Islands and McDonald Islands

黑山 Montenegro 黑山共和国 Republic of Montenegro

洪都拉斯 Honduras HN 洪都拉斯共和国 Republic of Honduras

基里巴斯 Kiribati KI 基里巴斯共和国 Republic of Kiribati

吉布提 Djibouti DJ 吉布提共和国 Republic of Djibouti

吉尔吉斯斯坦 Kyrgyzstan KG 吉尔吉斯共和国 Kyrgyz Republic

几内亚 Guinea GN 几内亚共和国 Republic of Guinea

几内亚比绍 Guinea-biau GW 几内亚比绍共和国 Republic of Guinea-biau

加拿大 Canada CA 加拿大 Canada

加纳 Ghana GH 加纳共和国 Republic of Ghana

加蓬 Gabon GA 加蓬共和国 Gabonese Republic

柬埔寨 Cambodia KH 柬埔寨王国 Kingdom of Cambodia

捷克 Czech Republic CZ 捷克共和国 Czech Republic

津巴布韦 Zimbabwe ZW 津巴布韦共和国 Republic of Zimbabwe

喀麦隆 Cameroon CM 喀麦隆共和国 Republic of Cameroon

卡塔尔 Qatar QA 卡塔尔国 State of Qatar

开曼群岛 Cayman Islands KY 开曼群岛 Cayman Islands

科科斯(基林)群岛 Coccs(Keeling) Islands CC 科科斯(基林)群岛 Coccs(Keeling) Islands

科摩罗 Comoros KM 科摩罗伊斯兰联邦共和国 Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros

科特迪瓦 Cote dIvoire CI 科特迪瓦共和国 Republic of Cote dIvoire

科威特 Kuwait KW 科威特国 State of Kuwait

克罗地亚 Croatia HR 克罗地亚共和国 Republic of Croatia

肯尼亚 Kenya KE 肯尼亚共和国 Republic of Kenya

库克群岛 Cook Islands CK 库克群岛 Cook Islands

拉脱维亚 Latvia LV 拉脱维亚共和国 Republic of Latvia

莱索托 Lesotho LS 莱索托王国 Kingdom of Lesotho

老挝 Lao LA 老挝人民民主共和国 Lao Peoples Democratic Republic

黎巴嫩 Lebanon LB 黎巴嫩共和国 Republic of Lebanon

立陶宛 Lithuania LT 立陶宛共和国 Republic of Lithuania

利比里亚 Liberia LR 利比里亚共和国 Republic of Liberia

利比亚 Libya LY 大阿拉伯利比亚人民社会主义民众国 Great Socialist Peoples Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

列支敦士登 Liechtenstein LI 列支敦士登公国 Principality of Liechtenstein

留尼汪 Reunion RE 留尼汪 Reunion

卢森堡 Luxembourg LU 卢森堡大公国 Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

卢旺达 Rwanda RW 卢旺达共和国 Republic of Rwanda

罗马尼亚 Romania RO 罗马尼亚 Romania

马达加斯加 Madagascar MG 马达加斯加共和国 Republic of Madagascar

马尔代夫 Maldives MV 马尔代夫共和国 Republic of Maldives

马耳他 Malta MT 马耳他共和国 Republic of Malta

马拉维 Malawi MW 马拉维共和国 Republic of Malawi

马来西亚 Malaysia MY 马来西亚 Malaysia

马里 Mali ML 马里共和国 Republic of Mali

马绍尔群岛 Marshall Islands MH 马绍尔群岛共和国 Republic of the Marshall Islands

马提尼克 Martinique MQ 马提尼克 Martinique

马约特 Mayotte YT 马约特 Mayotte

毛里求斯 Mauritius MU 毛里求斯共和国 Republic of Mauritius

毛里塔尼亚 Mauritania MR 毛里塔尼亚伊斯兰共和国 Islamic Republic of Mauritania

美国 United States US 美利坚合众国 United States of America

美国本土外小岛屿 United States Minor outlying Islands UM 美国本土外小岛屿 United States Minor outlying Islands

美属萨摩亚 American Samoa AS 美属萨摩亚 American Samoa

美属维尔京群岛 Virgin Islands, U.S.VI 美属维尔京群岛 Virgin Islands of the United States

蒙古 Mongolia MN 蒙古国 Mongolia

蒙特塞拉特 Montserrat MS 蒙特塞拉特 Montserrat

孟加拉国 Bangladesh BD 孟加拉人民共和国 Peoples Republic of Bangladesh

秘鲁 Peru PE 秘鲁共和国 Republic of Peru

密克罗尼西亚 Micronesia FM 密克罗尼西亚联邦 Federated States of Micronesia

缅甸 Myanmar MM 缅甸联邦 Union of Myanmar

摩尔多瓦 Moldova MD 摩尔多瓦共和国 Republic of Moldova

摩洛哥 Morocco MA 摩洛哥王国 Kingdom of Morocco

摩纳哥 Monaco MC 摩纳哥公国 Principality of Monaco

莫桑比克 Mozambique MZ 莫桑比克共和国 Republic of Mozambique

墨西哥 Mexico MX 墨西哥合众国 United States of Mexico

纳米尼亚 Namibia NA 纳米尼亚 Republic of Namibia

南非 South Africa ZA 南非共和国 Republic of South Africa

南极洲 Antarctica AQ 南极洲 Antarctica

南乔治亚岛和南桑德韦奇岛 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands GS 南乔治亚岛和南桑德韦奇岛

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands

瑙鲁 Nauru NR 瑙鲁共和国 Republic of Nauru

尼泊尔 Nepal NP 尼泊尔王国 Kingdom of Nepal

尼加拉瓜 Nicaragua NI 尼加拉瓜共和国 Republic of Nicaragua

尼日尔 Niger NE 尼日尔共和国 Republic of Niger

尼日利亚 Nigeria NG 尼日利亚联邦共和国 Federal Republic of Nigeria

纽埃 Niue NU 纽埃 Niue

挪威 Norway NO 挪威王国 Kingdom of Norway

诺福克岛 Norfolk Island NF 诺福克岛 Norfolk Island

帕劳 Palau PW 帕劳共和国 Republic of Palau

皮特凯恩 Pitcairn PN 皮特凯恩 Pitcairn

葡萄牙 Portugal PT 葡萄牙共和国 Portuguese Republic

马其顿 Macedonia MK马其顿共和国 Republic of Macedonia

日本 Japan JP 日本国 Japan

瑞典 Sweden SE 瑞典王国 Kingdom of Sweden

瑞士 Switzerland CH 瑞士联邦 Swi Confederation

萨尔瓦多 El Salvador SV 萨尔瓦多共和国 Republic of El Salvador

萨摩亚 Samoa WS 萨摩亚独立国 Independent State of Samoa

塞尔维亚 Serbia塞尔维亚共和国 Republic of Serbia

塞拉利昂 Sierra Leone SL 塞拉利昂共和国 Republic of Sierra Leone

塞内加尔 Senegal SN 塞内加尔共和国 Republic of Senegal

塞浦路斯 Cyprus CY 塞浦路斯共和国 Republic of Cyprus

塞舌尔 Seychelles SC 塞舌尔共和国 Republic of Seychelles

沙特阿拉伯 Saudi Arabia SA 沙特阿拉伯王国 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

圣诞岛 Christmas Island CX 圣诞岛 Christmas Island

圣多美和普林西比 Sao Tome and Principe ST 圣多美和普林西比民主共和国 Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe

圣赫勒拿 Saint Helena SH 圣赫勒拿 Saint Helena

圣基茨和尼维斯 Saint Kitts and Nevis KN 圣基茨和尼维斯联邦 Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis

圣卢西亚 Saint Lucia LC 圣卢西亚 Saint Lucia

圣马力诺 San Marino SM 圣马力诺共和国 Republic of San Marino

圣皮埃尔和密克隆 Saint Pierre and Miquelon PM 圣皮埃尔和密克隆Saint Pierre and Miquelon

圣文森特和格林纳丁斯 Saint Vincent and Grenadines VC 圣文森特和格林纳丁斯 Saint Vincent and Grenadines

斯里兰卡 Sri Lanka LK 斯里兰卡民主社会主义共和国 Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka

斯洛伐克 Slovakia SK 斯洛伐克共和国 Slovak Republic

斯洛文尼亚 Slovenia SI 斯洛文尼亚共和国 Republic of Slovenia

斯瓦尔巴岛和扬马延岛 Svalbard and Jan Mayen SJ 斯瓦尔巴岛和扬马延岛Svalbard and Jan Mayen

斯威士兰 Swaziland SZ 斯威士兰王国 Kingdom of Swaziland

苏丹 Sudan SD 苏丹共和国 Republic of Sudan

苏里南 Suriname SR 苏里南共和国 Republic of Suriname

所罗门群岛 Solomon Islands SB 所罗门群岛 Solomon Islands

索马里 Somalia SO 索马里共和国 Somali Republic

塔吉克斯坦 Tajikistan TJ 塔吉克斯坦共和国 Republic of Tajikistan

台湾 Taiwan CN 中国台湾 Taiwan, Province of China

泰国 Thailand TH 泰王国 Kingdom of Thailand

坦桑尼亚 Tanzania TZ 坦桑尼亚联合共和国 United Republic of Tanzania

汤加 Tonga TO 汤加王国 Kingdom of Tonga

特克斯和凯科斯群岛 Turks and Caicos Islands TC 特克斯和凯科斯群岛 Turks and Caicos Islands

特立尼达和多巴哥 Trinidad and Tobago TT 特立尼达和多巴哥共和国 Republic of Trinidad and Tobago

突尼斯 Tunisia TN 突尼斯共和国 Republic of Tunisia

图瓦卢 Tuvalu TV 图瓦卢 Tuvalu

土耳其 Turkey TR 土耳其共和国 Republic of Turkey

土库曼斯坦 Turkmenstan TM 土库曼斯坦 Turkmenstan

托克劳 Tokelau TK 托克劳 Tokelau

瓦利斯和富图纳 Wallis and Futuna WF 瓦利斯和富图纳 Wallis and Futuna

瓦努阿图 Vanuatu VU 瓦努阿图共和国 Republic of Vanuatu

危地马拉 Guatemala GT 危地马拉共和国 Republic of Guatemala

委内瑞拉 Venezuela VE 委内瑞拉共和国 Republic of Venezuela

文莱 Brunei BN 文莱达鲁萨兰国 Brunei Darualam

乌干达 Uganda UG 乌干达共和国 Republic of Uganda

乌克兰 Ukraine UA 乌克兰共和国 Republic of Ukraine

乌拉圭 Uruguay UY 乌拉圭东岸共和国 Oriental Republic of Uruguay

乌兹别克斯坦 Uzbekistan UZ 乌兹别克斯坦 Republic of Uzbekistan

西班牙 Spain ES 西班牙王国 Kingdom of Spain

西撒哈拉 Western Sahara EH 西撒哈拉 Western Sahara

希腊 Greece GR 希腊共和国 Hellenic Republic

香港 Hong Kong CN 中国香港特别行政区 Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China

新加坡 Singapore SG 新加坡共和国 Republic of Singapore

新喀里多尼亚 New Caledonia NC 新喀里多尼亚 New Caledonia

新西兰 New Zealand NZ 新西兰 New Zealand

匈牙利 Hungary HU 匈牙利共和国 Republic of Hungary

叙利亚 Syria SY 阿拉伯叙利亚共和国 Syrian Arab Republic

牙买加 Jamaica JM 牙买加 Jamaica

亚美尼亚 Armenia AM 亚美尼亚共和国 Republic of Armenia

也门 Yemen YE 也门共和国 Republic of Yemen

伊拉克 Iraq IQ 伊拉克共和国 Republic of Iraq

伊朗 Iran IR 伊朗伊斯兰共和国 Islamic Republic of Iran

以色列 Israel IL 以色列国 State of Israel

意大利 Italy IT 意大利共和国 Republic of Italy

印度 India IN 印度共和国 Republic of India

印度尼西亚 Indonesia ID 印度尼西亚共和国 Republic of Indonesia

英国 United Kingdom GB 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

英属维尔京群岛 Virgin Islands, British VG 英属维尔京群岛 British Virgin Islands

英属印度洋领地 British Indian Ocean Territory IO 英属印度洋领地 British Indian Ocean Territory

约旦 Jordan JO 约旦哈希姆王国 Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan

越南 Viet Nam VN 越南社会主义共和国 Socialist Republic of Viet Nam

赞比亚 Zambia ZM 赞比亚共和国 Republic of Zambia

乍得 Chad TD 乍得共和国 Republic of Chad

直布罗陀 Gibraltar GI 直布罗陀 Gibraltar

智利 Chile CL 智利共和国 Republic of Chile

中非 Central Africa Republic CF 中非共和国 Central Africa Republic

中国 China CN 中华人民共和国 People’s Republic of China

附录一：公务员职务名称规范英文译名列表

中共中央总书记 General Secretary, the CPC Central Committee

政治局常委 Member, Standing Committee of Political Bureau, the CPC Central Committee

政治局委员 Member, Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee

书记处书记 Member, secretariat of the CPC Central Committee

中央委员 Member, Central Committee

候补委员 Alternate Member

„省委/市委书记 Secretary, „Provincial/Municipal Committee of the CPC

党组书记 secretary, Party Leadership Group

中华人民共和国主席/副主席 President/Vice President, the Peoples Republic of China

全国人大委员长/副委员长 Chairman/Vice Chairman, National People’s Congre

秘书长 Secretary-General

主任委员 Chairman

委员 Member

(地方人大)主任 Chairman of Local People’s Congre (of„地名)

人大代表 Deputy to the People’s Congre

国务院总理 Premier of the State Council

国务委员 State Councilor

秘书长 Secretary-General

(国务院各委员会)主任 Minister in Charge of Commiion for „

(国务院各部)部长 Minister

(中国人民银行)行长 Governor (of the People’s Bank of China)

(审计署)审计长 Auditor-General (of the National Audit Office of P.R.China)

(司法部)部长 Attorney-General (of the Ministry of Justice of P.R.China)

部长助理 Aistant Minister

司长 Director General (of the Department of „)

(中央政府副部级)局长 Director General

省长 Governor (of „ Province)

常务副省长 Executive Vice Governor

自治区人民政府主席 Chairman, Autonomous Regional Peoples Government

(××厅)厅长 Director General (of the Department of „)

地区专员 Commiioner (of Prefecture of „ 地区名)

香港特别行政区行政长官 Chief Executive, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

市长/副市长 Mayor/Vice Mayor

区长 Chief Executive (of „ District Government)

县长 Chief Executive of County Government

乡镇长 Chief Executive of Township Government

秘书长 Secretary-General

(地方政府)办公厅主任 Director of General Office

(地方政府部委办)主任 Director

处长/副处长 Division Director/Deputy Division Director

科长/股长 Section Chief

主任科员 Principal Staff

科员 Staff Member

办事员 Clerk/Officer

发言人 Spokesman

顾问 Adviser

参事 Counselor

巡视员 Inspector/Monitor

特派员 Commiioner

人民法院院长 President, Peoples Courts

人民法庭庭长 Chief Judge, Peoples Tribunals

审判长 Chief Judge

审判员 Judge

书记 Clerk of the Court

法医 Legal Medical Expert

法警 Judicial Policeman

人民检察院检察长 Procurator-General, People’s Procuratorate

监狱长 Warden

律师 Attorney at Law(不用lawyer，那是泛称)

公证员 Notary Public

总警监 Commiioner General

警监 Commiioner

警督 Supervisor

警司 Superintendent

警员 Constable

附录二：世界各国与地区英文全称及简称(按汉语拼音音序)

阿尔巴尼亚 Albania AL 阿尔巴尼亚共和国 Republic of Albania

阿尔及利亚 Algeria DZ 阿尔及利亚民主人民共和国 Democratic Peoples Republic of Algeria

阿富汗 Afghanistan AF 阿富汗伊斯兰国 Islamic State of Afghanistan

阿根廷 Argentina AR 阿根廷共和国 Republic of Argentina

阿联酋 United Arab Emirates AE 阿拉伯联合酋长国 United Arab Emirates

阿鲁巴 Aruba AW 阿鲁巴 Aruba

阿曼 Oman OM 阿曼苏丹国 Sultanate of Oman

阿塞拜疆 Azerbaijan AZ 阿塞拜疆共和国 Republic of Azerbaijan

埃及 Egypt EG 阿拉伯埃及共和国 Arab Republic of Egypt

埃塞俄比亚 Ethiopia ET 埃塞俄比亚联邦民主共和国 Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

爱尔兰 Ireland IE 爱尔兰共和国 Republic of Ireland

爱沙尼亚 Estonia EE 爱沙尼亚共和国 Republic of Estonia

安道尔 Andorra AD 安道尔公国 Principality of Andorra

安哥拉 Angola AO 安哥拉共和国 Republic of Angola

安圭拉 Anguilla AI 安圭拉 Anguilla

安提瓜和巴布达 Antigua and barbuda AG 安提瓜和巴布达 Antigua and barbuda

奥地利 Austria AT 奥地利共和国 Republic of Austria

澳大利亚 Australia AU 澳大利亚联邦 Commonwealth of Australia

澳门 Macau CN 中国澳门特别行政区 Macau, Special Administrative Region of China

巴巴多斯 Barbados BB 巴巴多斯 Barbados

巴布亚新几内亚 Papua New Guinea PG 巴布亚新几内亚独立国 Independent State of Papua New

Guinea

巴哈马 Bahamas BS 巴哈马联邦 Commonwealth of the Bahamas

巴基斯坦 Pakistan PK 巴基斯坦伊斯兰共和国 Islamic Republic of Pakistan

巴拉圭 Paraguay PY 巴拉圭共和国 Republic of Paraguay

巴勒斯坦 Palestine PS 巴勒斯坦国 State of Palestine

巴林 Bahrain BH 巴林国 State of Bahrain

巴拿马 Panama PA 巴拿马共和国 Republic of Panama

巴西 Brazil BR 巴西联邦共和国 Federative Republic of Brazil

白俄罗斯 Belarus BY 白俄罗斯共和国 Republic of Belarus

百慕大 Bermuda BM 百慕大群岛 Bermuda Islands

保加利亚 Bulgaria BG 保加利亚共和国 Republic of Bulgaria

北马里亚纳 Northern Marianas Islands MP 北马里亚纳自由联邦 Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands

贝宁 Benin BJ 贝宁共和国 Republic of Benin

比利时 Belgium BE 比利时王国 Kingdom of Belgium

冰岛 Iceland IS 冰岛共和国 Republic of Iceland

波多黎各 Puerto Rico PR 波多黎各 Puerto Rico

波黑 Bosnia and Herzegovina BA 波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那共和国 Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina

波兰 Poland PL 波兰共和国 Republic of Poland

玻利维亚 Bolivia BO 玻利维亚共和国 Republic of Bolivia

伯利兹 Belize BZ 伯利兹 Belize

博茨瓦纳 Botswana BW 博茨瓦纳共和国 Republic of Botswana

不丹 Bhutan BT 不丹王国 Kingdom of Bhutan

布基纳法索 Burkina Faso BF 布基纳法索 Burkina Faso

布隆迪 Burundi BI 布隆迪共和国 Republic of Burundi

布维岛 Bouvet Island BV 布维岛Bouvet Island

朝鲜 Korea, Democratic Peoples Republic of KP 朝鲜民主主义人民共和国 Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea

赤道几内亚 Equatorial Guinea GQ 赤道几内亚共和国 Republic of Equatorial Guinea

丹麦 Denmark DK 丹麦王国 Kingdom of Denmark

德国 Germany DE 德意志联邦共和国 Federal Republic of Germany

东帝汶 East Timor TP 东帝汶 East Timor

多哥 Togo TG 多哥共和国 Republic of Togo

多米尼加 Dominican Republic DO 多米尼加共和国 Dominican Republic

多米尼克 Dominica DM 多米尼克联邦 Commonwealth of Dominica

俄罗斯 Ruia RU 俄罗斯联邦 Ruian Federation

厄瓜多尔 Ecuador EC 厄瓜多尔共和国 Republic of Ecuador

厄立特里亚 Eritrea ER 厄立特里亚国 State of Eritrea

法国 France FR 法兰西共和国 Republic of France

法罗群岛 Faroe Islands FO 法罗群岛 Faroe Islands

法属波利尼西亚 French Polynesia PF 法属波利尼西亚 French Polynesia

法属圭亚那 French Guiana GF 法属圭亚那 French Guiana

法属南部领土 French Southern Territories TF 法属南部领土 French Southern Territories

梵蒂冈 Vatican VA 梵蒂冈城国 Vatican City State

菲律宾 Philippines PH 菲律宾共和国 Republic of the Philippines

斐济 Fiji FJ 斐济群岛共和国 Republic of the Fiji Islands

芬兰 Finland FI 芬兰共和国 Republic of Finland

佛得角 Cape Verde CV 佛得角共和国 Republic of Cape Verde

福克兰群岛(马尔维纳斯)Falkland Islands (Malvinas) FK 福克兰群岛(马尔维纳斯)Falkland Islands(Malvinas)

冈比亚 Gambia GM 冈比亚共和国 Republic of the Gambia

刚果(布) Congo CG 刚果共和国 Republic of Congo

刚果(金) Congo, the democratic republic of the CD 刚果民主共和国 Democratic republic of Congo

哥伦比亚 Columbia CO 哥伦比亚共和国 Republic of Columbia

哥斯达黎加 Costa Rica CR 哥斯达黎加共和国 Republic of Costa Rica

格林纳达 Grenada GD 格林纳达 Grenada

格陵兰 Greenland GL 格陵兰 Greenland

格鲁吉亚 Georgia GE 格鲁吉亚 Georgia

古巴 Cuba CU 古巴共和国 Republic of Cuba

瓜德罗普 Guadeloupe GP 瓜德罗普 Guadeloupe

关岛 Guam GU 关岛 Guam

圭亚那 Guyana GY 圭亚那合作共和国 Cooperative Republic of Guyana

哈萨克斯坦 Kazakstan KZ 哈萨克斯坦共和国 Republic of Kazakstan

海地 Haiti HT 海地共和国 Republic of Haiti

韩国 Korea,Republic of KR 大韩民国 Republic of Korea

荷兰 Netherlands NL 荷兰王国 Kingdom of the Netherlands

荷属安的列斯 Netherlands Antilles AN 荷属安的列斯 Netherlands Antilles

赫德岛和麦克唐纳岛 Heard Islands and McDonald Islands HM 赫德岛和麦克唐纳岛Heard Islands and McDonald Islands

黑山 Montenegro 黑山共和国 Republic of Montenegro

洪都拉斯 Honduras HN 洪都拉斯共和国 Republic of Honduras

基里巴斯 Kiribati KI 基里巴斯共和国 Republic of Kiribati

吉布提 Djibouti DJ 吉布提共和国 Republic of Djibouti

吉尔吉斯斯坦 Kyrgyzstan KG 吉尔吉斯共和国 Kyrgyz Republic

几内亚 Guinea GN 几内亚共和国 Republic of Guinea

几内亚比绍 Guinea-biau GW 几内亚比绍共和国 Republic of Guinea-biau

加拿大 Canada CA 加拿大 Canada

加纳 Ghana GH 加纳共和国 Republic of Ghana

加蓬 Gabon GA 加蓬共和国 Gabonese Republic

柬埔寨 Cambodia KH 柬埔寨王国 Kingdom of Cambodia

捷克 Czech Republic CZ 捷克共和国 Czech Republic

津巴布韦 Zimbabwe ZW 津巴布韦共和国 Republic of Zimbabwe

喀麦隆 Cameroon CM 喀麦隆共和国 Republic of Cameroon

卡塔尔 Qatar QA 卡塔尔国 State of Qatar

开曼群岛 Cayman Islands KY 开曼群岛 Cayman Islands

科科斯(基林)群岛 Coccs(Keeling) Islands CC 科科斯(基林)群岛 Coccs(Keeling) Islands

科摩罗 Comoros KM 科摩罗伊斯兰联邦共和国 Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros

科特迪瓦 Cote dIvoire CI 科特迪瓦共和国 Republic of Cote dIvoire

科威特 Kuwait KW 科威特国 State of Kuwait

克罗地亚 Croatia HR 克罗地亚共和国 Republic of Croatia

肯尼亚 Kenya KE 肯尼亚共和国 Republic of Kenya

库克群岛 Cook Islands CK 库克群岛 Cook Islands

拉脱维亚 Latvia LV 拉脱维亚共和国 Republic of Latvia

莱索托 Lesotho LS 莱索托王国 Kingdom of Lesotho

老挝 Lao LA 老挝人民民主共和国 Lao Peoples Democratic Republic

黎巴嫩 Lebanon LB 黎巴嫩共和国 Republic of Lebanon

立陶宛 Lithuania LT 立陶宛共和国 Republic of Lithuania

利比里亚 Liberia LR 利比里亚共和国 Republic of Liberia

利比亚 Libya LY 大阿拉伯利比亚人民社会主义民众国 Great Socialist Peoples Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

列支敦士登 Liechtenstein LI 列支敦士登公国 Principality of Liechtenstein

留尼汪 Reunion RE 留尼汪 Reunion

卢森堡 Luxembourg LU 卢森堡大公国 Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

卢旺达 Rwanda RW 卢旺达共和国 Republic of Rwanda

罗马尼亚 Romania RO 罗马尼亚 Romania

马达加斯加 Madagascar MG 马达加斯加共和国 Republic of Madagascar

马尔代夫 Maldives MV 马尔代夫共和国 Republic of Maldives

马耳他 Malta MT 马耳他共和国 Republic of Malta

马拉维 Malawi MW 马拉维共和国 Republic of Malawi

马来西亚 Malaysia MY 马来西亚 Malaysia

马里 Mali ML 马里共和国 Republic of Mali

马绍尔群岛 Marshall Islands MH 马绍尔群岛共和国 Republic of the Marshall Islands

马提尼克 Martinique MQ 马提尼克 Martinique

马约特 Mayotte YT 马约特 Mayotte

毛里求斯 Mauritius MU 毛里求斯共和国 Republic of Mauritius

毛里塔尼亚 Mauritania MR 毛里塔尼亚伊斯兰共和国 Islamic Republic of Mauritania

美国 United States US 美利坚合众国 United States of America

美国本土外小岛屿 United States Minor outlying Islands UM 美国本土外小岛屿 United States Minor outlying Islands

美属萨摩亚 American Samoa AS 美属萨摩亚 American Samoa

美属维尔京群岛 Virgin Islands, U.S.VI 美属维尔京群岛 Virgin Islands of the United States

蒙古 Mongolia MN 蒙古国 Mongolia

蒙特塞拉特 Montserrat MS 蒙特塞拉特 Montserrat

孟加拉国 Bangladesh BD 孟加拉人民共和国 Peoples Republic of Bangladesh

秘鲁 Peru PE 秘鲁共和国 Republic of Peru

密克罗尼西亚 Micronesia FM 密克罗尼西亚联邦 Federated States of Micronesia

缅甸 Myanmar MM 缅甸联邦 Union of Myanmar

摩尔多瓦 Moldova MD 摩尔多瓦共和国 Republic of Moldova

摩洛哥 Morocco MA 摩洛哥王国 Kingdom of Morocco

摩纳哥 Monaco MC 摩纳哥公国 Principality of Monaco

莫桑比克 Mozambique MZ 莫桑比克共和国 Republic of Mozambique

墨西哥 Mexico MX 墨西哥合众国 United States of Mexico

纳米尼亚 Namibia NA 纳米尼亚 Republic of Namibia

南非 South Africa ZA 南非共和国 Republic of South Africa

南极洲 Antarctica AQ 南极洲 Antarctica

南乔治亚岛和南桑德韦奇岛 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands GS 南乔治亚岛和南桑德韦奇岛

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands

瑙鲁 Nauru NR 瑙鲁共和国 Republic of Nauru

尼泊尔 Nepal NP 尼泊尔王国 Kingdom of Nepal

尼加拉瓜 Nicaragua NI 尼加拉瓜共和国 Republic of Nicaragua

尼日尔 Niger NE 尼日尔共和国 Republic of Niger

尼日利亚 Nigeria NG 尼日利亚联邦共和国 Federal Republic of Nigeria

纽埃 Niue NU 纽埃 Niue

挪威 Norway NO 挪威王国 Kingdom of Norway

诺福克岛 Norfolk Island NF 诺福克岛 Norfolk Island

帕劳 Palau PW 帕劳共和国 Republic of Palau

皮特凯恩 Pitcairn PN 皮特凯恩 Pitcairn

葡萄牙 Portugal PT 葡萄牙共和国 Portuguese Republic

马其顿 Macedonia MK马其顿共和国 Republic of Macedonia

日本 Japan JP 日本国 Japan

瑞典 Sweden SE 瑞典王国 Kingdom of Sweden

瑞士 Switzerland CH 瑞士联邦 Swi Confederation

萨尔瓦多 El Salvador SV 萨尔瓦多共和国 Republic of El Salvador

萨摩亚 Samoa WS 萨摩亚独立国 Independent State of Samoa

塞尔维亚 Serbia塞尔维亚共和国 Republic of Serbia

塞拉利昂 Sierra Leone SL 塞拉利昂共和国 Republic of Sierra Leone

塞内加尔 Senegal SN 塞内加尔共和国 Republic of Senegal

塞浦路斯 Cyprus CY 塞浦路斯共和国 Republic of Cyprus

塞舌尔 Seychelles SC 塞舌尔共和国 Republic of Seychelles

沙特阿拉伯 Saudi Arabia SA 沙特阿拉伯王国 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

圣诞岛 Christmas Island CX 圣诞岛 Christmas Island

圣多美和普林西比 Sao Tome and Principe ST 圣多美和普林西比民主共和国 Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe

圣赫勒拿 Saint Helena SH 圣赫勒拿 Saint Helena

圣基茨和尼维斯 Saint Kitts and Nevis KN 圣基茨和尼维斯联邦 Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis

圣卢西亚 Saint Lucia LC 圣卢西亚 Saint Lucia

圣马力诺 San Marino SM 圣马力诺共和国 Republic of San Marino

圣皮埃尔和密克隆 Saint Pierre and Miquelon PM 圣皮埃尔和密克隆Saint Pierre and Miquelon

圣文森特和格林纳丁斯 Saint Vincent and Grenadines VC 圣文森特和格林纳丁斯 Saint Vincent and Grenadines

斯里兰卡 Sri Lanka LK 斯里兰卡民主社会主义共和国 Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka

斯洛伐克 Slovakia SK 斯洛伐克共和国 Slovak Republic

斯洛文尼亚 Slovenia SI 斯洛文尼亚共和国 Republic of Slovenia

斯瓦尔巴岛和扬马延岛 Svalbard and Jan Mayen SJ 斯瓦尔巴岛和扬马延岛Svalbard and Jan Mayen

斯威士兰 Swaziland SZ 斯威士兰王国 Kingdom of Swaziland

苏丹 Sudan SD 苏丹共和国 Republic of Sudan

苏里南 Suriname SR 苏里南共和国 Republic of Suriname

所罗门群岛 Solomon Islands SB 所罗门群岛 Solomon Islands

索马里 Somalia SO 索马里共和国 Somali Republic

塔吉克斯坦 Tajikistan TJ 塔吉克斯坦共和国 Republic of Tajikistan

台湾 Taiwan CN 中国台湾 Taiwan, Province of China

泰国 Thailand TH 泰王国 Kingdom of Thailand

坦桑尼亚 Tanzania TZ 坦桑尼亚联合共和国 United Republic of Tanzania

汤加 Tonga TO 汤加王国 Kingdom of Tonga

特克斯和凯科斯群岛 Turks and Caicos Islands TC 特克斯和凯科斯群岛 Turks and Caicos Islands

特立尼达和多巴哥 Trinidad and Tobago TT 特立尼达和多巴哥共和国 Republic of Trinidad and Tobago

突尼斯 Tunisia TN 突尼斯共和国 Republic of Tunisia

图瓦卢 Tuvalu TV 图瓦卢 Tuvalu

土耳其 Turkey TR 土耳其共和国 Republic of Turkey

土库曼斯坦 Turkmenstan TM 土库曼斯坦 Turkmenstan

托克劳 Tokelau TK 托克劳 Tokelau

瓦利斯和富图纳 Wallis and Futuna WF 瓦利斯和富图纳 Wallis and Futuna

瓦努阿图 Vanuatu VU 瓦努阿图共和国 Republic of Vanuatu

危地马拉 Guatemala GT 危地马拉共和国 Republic of Guatemala

委内瑞拉 Venezuela VE 委内瑞拉共和国 Republic of Venezuela

文莱 Brunei BN 文莱达鲁萨兰国 Brunei Darualam

乌干达 Uganda UG 乌干达共和国 Republic of Uganda

乌克兰 Ukraine UA 乌克兰共和国 Republic of Ukraine

乌拉圭 Uruguay UY 乌拉圭东岸共和国 Oriental Republic of Uruguay

乌兹别克斯坦 Uzbekistan UZ 乌兹别克斯坦 Republic of Uzbekistan

西班牙 Spain ES 西班牙王国 Kingdom of Spain

西撒哈拉 Western Sahara EH 西撒哈拉 Western Sahara

希腊 Greece GR 希腊共和国 Hellenic Republic

香港 Hong Kong CN 中国香港特别行政区 Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China

新加坡 Singapore SG 新加坡共和国 Republic of Singapore

新喀里多尼亚 New Caledonia NC 新喀里多尼亚 New Caledonia

新西兰 New Zealand NZ 新西兰 New Zealand

匈牙利 Hungary HU 匈牙利共和国 Republic of Hungary

叙利亚 Syria SY 阿拉伯叙利亚共和国 Syrian Arab Republic

牙买加 Jamaica JM 牙买加 Jamaica

亚美尼亚 Armenia AM 亚美尼亚共和国 Republic of Armenia

也门 Yemen YE 也门共和国 Republic of Yemen

伊拉克 Iraq IQ 伊拉克共和国 Republic of Iraq

伊朗 Iran IR 伊朗伊斯兰共和国 Islamic Republic of Iran

以色列 Israel IL 以色列国 State of Israel

意大利 Italy IT 意大利共和国 Republic of Italy

印度 India IN 印度共和国 Republic of India

印度尼西亚 Indonesia ID 印度尼西亚共和国 Republic of Indonesia

英国 United Kingdom GB 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

英属维尔京群岛 Virgin Islands, British VG 英属维尔京群岛 British Virgin Islands

英属印度洋领地 British Indian Ocean Territory IO 英属印度洋领地 British Indian Ocean Territory

约旦 Jordan JO 约旦哈希姆王国 Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan

越南 Viet Nam VN 越南社会主义共和国 Socialist Republic of Viet Nam

赞比亚 Zambia ZM 赞比亚共和国 Republic of Zambia

乍得 Chad TD 乍得共和国 Republic of Chad

直布罗陀 Gibraltar GI 直布罗陀 Gibraltar

智利 Chile CL 智利共和国 Republic of Chile

中非 Central Africa Republic CF 中非共和国 Central Africa Republic

中国 China CN 中华人民共和国 People’s Republic of China

推荐第9篇：单位英文推荐信(问答形式)

Type your return addre here

April 18, 2011

[Click here and type recipient’s addre]

Dear [Click here and type recipient’s name],

Mrs.Angela Wheaton has applied to us for the position of Director of Office Training, and your name was given as a reference.

I would appreciate your answering the following questions about Mrs.Wheaton:

1.How long was she under your supervision? ___________________________

2.What was her position at the time she left your company? _________________ ____________________________________________________________

3.What reason was given for leaving? __________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

4.How would you rate her overall competence? (Check one.)

Outstanding ______Good ______Average ______Fair ______Poor ______

5.Please state briefly what you believe to be her greatest strengths and weaknees (if any):

a.Strengths _________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

b.Weaknees _______________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

6.If you had an opening for which she is qualified, would you rehire her?

Yes ______No ______.If no, please state why.

I aure you, Mrs.Eller, that any information you supply about this applicant will be held in strict confidence.If there is ever an opportunity for me to reciprocate, I will be pleased to do so.Thank you.

Sincerely,

[Click here and type job title]

Copyright © 1994, 1988, 1983 by McGraw-Hill, Inc.

推荐第10篇：英文会议议程 参会单位 邀请函

会议议程 参会单位 邀请函

China（Jinzhou）International Fair for Investment and Trade (JIFIT) 中国（锦州）国际投资和贸易洽谈会

THE 1st CHINA JINZHOU INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT ＆ TRADE FAIR 第一届中国（锦州）国际投资贸易洽谈会 用那个翻译比较好

第十七届中国东西部合作与投资贸易洽谈会开幕式主持词(中英文)

2013-04-12 10:33 第十七届西洽会组委会副主任、辽宁省副省长 潘利国

（2013年4月5日9:30）

Presiding Remarks at the Opening Ceremony of the 17Trade & Investment Forum

between East & West China

By Mr.Pan Liguo, Vice Chairman of the Organizing Committee of the forum,

Vice Governor of Liaoning Province

At 9:30 on April 5, 2013 各位来宾，女士们、先生们，第十七届中国东西部合作与投资贸易洽谈会开幕式，现在开始。

Distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen！

The opening ceremony of the 17Trade & Investment Forum between East & West China now starts.出席今天开幕式的有：十一届全国人大常委会副委员长华建敏，陕西省委书记、省人大常委会主任赵正永，省长娄勤俭，省政协主席马中平，新疆维吾尔自治区主席努尔·白克力，中国国民党原副主席江丙坤，新党主席郁慕明，国家质检总局副局长蒲长城，国务院台办副主任孙亚夫，工业和信息化部纪检组长郭炎炎，中国贸促会副会长张伟，国家工商总局副局长付双建，国务院侨办副主任谭天星，中国侨联副主席王永乐，环保部原副部长张力军，商务部贸发局副局长贾国勇，荷兰格罗宁根省省长马克斯·范·登·博格，韩国庆尚北道知事金宽容，中国华能集团公司总经理助理蒋敏华，等30多个中央和国家机关部委、31个省区市和新疆生产建设兵团的领导，马来西亚、哈萨克斯坦、埃塞俄比亚、意大利、土耳其、美国、俄罗斯、韩国、泰国、印尼等60多个国家及港澳台地区的来宾。

Today，we are very honored to have leaders from over 30 national ministries and commiions, SOEs, 31 provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions and

th

thXinjiang Production and Construction Corps with us at this ceremony.They are: H.E.Mr.Hua Jianmin, Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the 11National People\'s Congre; Mr.Zhao Zhengyong, Secretary of Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the CPC and Chairman of the Standing Committee of Shaanxi Provincial People’s Congre; Mr.Lou Qinjian, Deputy Secretary of Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the CPC and Governor of Shaanxi Province; Mr.Ma Zhongping, Chairman of Shaanxi Provincial Committee of CPPCC; Mr.Nur Berki, Chairman of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; Mr.Chiang Pin-kung, former Vice Chairman of Kuomintang; Mr.Yok Mu-ming, Chairman of the Taiwan New Party; Mr.Pu Changcheng, Vice Minister of General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People’s Republic of China; Mr.Sun Yafu, Vice Minister of the Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council; Mr.Guo Yanyan, Vice Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology; Mr.Zhang Wei, Vice Chairman of China Council for the Promotion of International Trade; Mr.Fu Shuangjian, Vice Minister of State Administration for Industry and Commerce; Mr.Tan Tianxing, Vice Minister of the Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council; Mr.Wang Yongle, Vice Chairman of All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese; Mr.Zhang Lijun, former Vice Minister of Environmental Protection; Mr.Jiang Minhua, Aistant General Manager of China Huaneng Group.We are also very delighted to have with us distinguished guests from over 60 countries including Ethiopia, Indonesia, Italy, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Republic of Korea, Ruia, Thailand, Turkey and the USA, and from Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR and

thTaiwan, represented by Mr.Max van den Berg, Governor of Groningen Province of the Netherlands and Mr.Kim Kwan Yong, Governor of Gyeongsangbuk-do of the Republic of Korea.请第十七届中国东西部合作与投资贸易洽谈会组委会主任、陕西省省长娄勤俭致欢迎辞。

Now let’s welcome Mr.Lou Qinjian, Chairman of the Organizing Committee of the forum and Governor of Shaanxi Province to deliver a speech.请第十七届中国东西部合作与投资贸易洽谈会执行主席单位领导、国家质检总局副局长蒲长城代表主办部委致辞。

Now let’s welcome Mr.Pu Changcheng,Vice Minister of General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantineand representative of host ministries to addre us.请第十七届中国东西部合作与投资贸易洽谈会执行主席单位领导、新疆维吾尔自治区主席努尔·白克力代表主办省区市致辞。

Let’s welcome Mr.Nur Berki,Chairman of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regionand representative of executive host presidency of the forum to give us his remarks.请十一届全国人大常委会副委员长华建敏，宣布第十七届中国东西部合作与投资贸易洽谈会开幕。

Let’s welcome H.E.Mr.Hua Jianmin, Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee ththof the 11National People’s Congre to announce the opening of the 17Trade & Investment Forum between East & West China.第十七届中国东西部合作与投资贸易洽谈会开幕式到此结束，感谢各位领导的光临。 This is the end of the opening ceremony.Thank you for coming! INVITATION Dear Madam/Sir, “The 5th China Henan International Investment & Trade Fair”, which is jointly sponsored by The People\'s Government of Henan Province and China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, and aisted by several foreign chambers of commerce, will be held from Aug.26 to 28, 2008 in Zhengzhou, Henan Province. With the main contents of special seminar, foreign investment introduction, investment trade exhibition and economic forum, The 5th China Henan International Investment & Trade Fair pops out the main theme of “Development, Communication and Cooperation”, and constructs a communication and cooperation platform for both Chinese and foreign businemen to realize mutual benefit and common development.The Fair will hold many big events including Welcoming Banquet, Opening Ceremony, Introduction of Henan Province, Big Cooperating Projects Signing Ceremony, “Opening-up and Rising of Central Plains” Summit, Hundred Pairs of Enterprises Matchmaking Symposium, Art Performance, etc. Henan Province, with more than five thousand years of Chinese civilization, has profound and maive culture accumulation, which not only created many splendid achievements in the past but also achieved new brilliance in the new era.At present, Henan plays a significant role in the regional development of China.In 2007, the total GDP of Henan Province exceeded 1.5 trillion Yuan, ranking the fifth position in China.In recent years, by seizing good opportunities and fully giving play to its advantages to speed development, Henan Province has succefully realized the historic breakthrough from a big agricultural province into a big province in economy and new rising industry, which exerts the action of main force in the rise of central China.With the constant reform deepening and opening up, Henan is becoming the ideal choice for international and domestic industrial shift, and a piece of investment hot land for Chinese and foreign investors.98 million of hospitable Henan people cordially welcome you to this grand event and create bright future together with us! Acting Governor of The People\'s Government of Henan Province

Guo Gengmao

第五届中国（锦州）国际投资贸易洽谈会邀请函

尊敬的女士/先生:

由锦州市人民政府和国家贸促会主办,多家海外商协会协办的\"第五届中国（锦州）国际投资贸易洽谈会\",将于2015年4月1日-7日在辽宁省锦州举行。

此次活动突出“发展、交流、合作”主题，以专项洽谈、招商推介、投资贸易展览、经济论坛等活动为主要内容,为中外客商搭建交流与合作的平台,实现互惠双赢,促进共同发展。投洽会期间将举办欢迎晚宴、开幕式暨开馆式、锦州市市情说明会、重大合作项目签约仪式、“对外开放与振兴东北老工业基地”高端论坛、百对企业对接洽谈会、大型文艺晚会等多项重大活动。

传承五千年华夏文明的锦州积淀了博大精深的文化,不仅留下了举不胜举的历史瑰宝,而且在新的历史时期取得了新的辉煌。目前,锦州在全国区域发展中具有举足轻重的地位,2014年锦州GDP超过1377.80亿元,位居全省第五位。近年来,锦州市抓住机遇,发挥优势,加快发展,在振兴东北老工业基地中发挥着主力军作用。不断深化改革扩大开放的锦州正在成为国内国际产业梯度转移的理想之地,境内外客商的投资热土。

313万锦城人民真诚地欢迎您共襄盛举,共创未来!

锦州市人民政府市长

刘兴伟

第11篇：单位写给学校的英文推荐信

Dear ***:

Hello, I am xxx xx department manager xxx (name).I learned that my company\'s outstanding staff xxx want to go abroad, I am very happy and very pleased.In my opinion, such a young man should be a good education to have a more brilliant future.Therefore, I am honored to recommend this excellent young lady to your school.

xxx in the senior to my company to report internship.He is conducive to a lot of leisure time to read the reference to the busine books, humbly ask other employees.Gradually, he began to proficient in the busine, and achieved certain results.Which he did not meet even more arrogant.On the contrary, in the face of the problem, he still humbly talks with his colleagues until he finds a solution.In view of his outstanding performance in the internship, my company recruited him as a regular employee (usually my company does not consider the graduates).

Now, as a busine elite of my company, xxx work more seriously, responsible and hard.Set an example for all my colleagues.Paid to get, he was named the company\'s outstanding staff, and enjoy a high bonus.

Although to some extent, such a good staff is about to set foot on the road to study is my company\'s lo, but taking into account his future, I still do not hesitate to support him go to your school.I sincerely hope that your school can also support him, give him a chance to enhance their dreams.Thank you.

General Manager: xxx

20XX year XX month XX day

第12篇：出国旅游单位及学校证明函(英文)

Certification

Date:

To: Non-immigration Section, The **** Consulate General, Beijing

Attn: Visa Officer

Dear Officer:

This is to certify that****is a formal employee of our unit.He has been working as ****2012.His monthly income now is RMB****.

He will take a short-term trip to **** for sightseeing in July-Aug., 2012 .All the expenses involved in the trip including round trip tickets, board & lodging, insurance fee will be borne by himself.

We would like to guarantee his timely return to China and the resumption of his position in our company after he comes back.

Your favorable consideration for his visa application is highly appreciated.

Best regards！

Company Name:****

Company Add: ******P.R.China

Charge Person:****

Contact Tel:****

The Primary School Attached to *****

Certification

Date:**** , 2012

Dear Sir or Madam,

**** is a student of our school.He intents to visit**** in this holiday.Hereby we guarantee that he will abide by all the laws in these countries and come back to China on schedule.Our school holiday time is from July ,01 to Sep.,01 in 2012 .

All his travelling expenses including health insurance will be borne by his parents.

Your favorable consideration to iue his tourist visa would be much appreciated.

Best regards!

****

Tel:

Add: *****

第13篇：广西区直有关单位机构名称英文参考译法

广西区直有关单位机构名称英文参考译法

一、自治区四大班子及有关机构

（一）自治区党委及有关机构

1中国共产党广西壮族自治区委员会Communist Party of China Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Committee (CPC Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Committee) 2中国共产党广西壮族自治区纪律检查委员会CPC Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Commiion for Discipline Inspection

3中国共产党广西壮族自治区委员会办公厅The General Office of CPC Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Committee 4中国共产党广西壮族自治区委员会组织部The Organization Department of CPC Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Committee

5中国共产党广西壮族自治区委员会宣传部The Publicity Department of CPC Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Committee

6中国共产党广西壮族自治区委员会统一战线工作部The United Front Work Department of CPC Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Committee

7中国共产党广西壮族自治区委员会政法委员会Committee of Political and Legal Affairs of CPC Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Committee

8中国共产党广西壮族自治区委员会政策研究室The Policy Research Office of CPC Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Committee

9中国共产党广西壮族自治区委员会直属机关工作委员会The Work Committee for Departments under CPC Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Committee

10中国共产党广西壮族自治区委员会老干部局Retired Officials Administration of CPC Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Committee

11中国共产党广西壮族自治区委员会台湾工作办公室The Taiwan Affairs Office of CPC Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Committee

（二）自治区人大及有关机构 12广西壮族自治区人民代表大会The People’s Congre of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

13广西壮族自治区人民代表大会常委会The Standing Committee of the People’s Congre of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

14广西壮族自治区人民代表大会外事华侨工作委员会The Foreign Affairs and Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee of the People’s Congre of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

（三）自治区人民政府

15广西壮族自治区人民政府The People’s Government of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

16广西壮族自治区人民政府办公厅The General Office of the People’s Government of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

17广西壮族自治区人民政府办公厅主席办公室The Governor’s Office of the General Office of the People’s Government of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

（四）自治区政协

18中国人民政治协商会议广西壮族自治区委员会The Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Committee (CPPCC Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Committee) 19广西壮族自治区政协港澳台侨和外事委员会Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Affairs and Foreign Affairs Committee of CPPCC Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Committee

二、自治区人民政府有关部门

（一）自治区人民政府组成部门

20广西壮族自治区发展和改革委员会Development and Reform Commiion of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 21广西壮族自治区工业和信息化委员会Commion of Industry and Information Technology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 22广西壮族自治区教育厅Department of Education of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 23广西壮族自治区科技厅Department of Science and Technology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

24广西壮族自治区民族事务委员会Ethnic Affairs Commiion of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 25广西壮族自治区公安厅Department of Public Security of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 26广西壮族自治区国家安全厅Department of State Security of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 27广西壮族自治区监察厅Department of Supervision of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 28广西壮族自治区民政厅Department of Civil Affairs of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 29广西壮族自治区司法厅Department of Justice of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 30广西壮族自治区财政厅Department of Finance of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 31广西壮族自治区人力资源和社会保障厅Department of Human Resources and Social Security of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 32广西壮族自治区国土资源厅Department of Land and Resources of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 33广西壮族自治区环境保护厅Department of Environmental Protection of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

34广西壮族自治区住房和城乡建设厅Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 35广西壮族自治区交通运输厅Department of Transport of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 36广西壮族自治区水利厅Department of Water Resources of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 37广西壮族自治区农业厅Department of Agriculture of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 38广西壮族自治区林业厅Department of Forestry of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 39广西壮族自治区商务厅Department of Commerce of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 40广西壮族自治区文化厅Department of Culture of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 41广西壮族自治区卫生厅Department of Health of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 42广西壮族自治区人口与计划生育委员会Population and Family Planning Commiion of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 43广西壮族自治区审计厅Audit Office of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 44广西壮族自治区外事办公室Foreign Affairs Office of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

（二）自治区人民政府直属特设机构

45广西壮族自治区人民政府国有资产监督管理委员会State-owned Aets Supervision and Administration Commiion of the People’s Government of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

（三）自治区人民政府派出机构

46广西北部湾经济区规划建设管理委员会办公室Guangxi Beibu-Gulf Economic Zone Planning Construction and Administration Office

47广西钦州保税港区管理委员会The Management Committee of Guangxi Qinzhou Free Trade Port Area

（四）自治区人民政府直属机构

48广西壮族自治区地方税务局Local Taxation Bureau of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

49广西壮族自治区工商行政管理局Administration for Industry and Commerce of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

50广西壮族自治区质量技术监督局Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

51广西壮族自治区广播电影电视局 Radio, Film and Television Administration of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

52广西壮族自治区新闻出版局（版权局）Administration of Pre and Publication of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

53广西壮族自治区体育局Administration of Sport of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 54广西壮族自治区安全生产监督管理局Administration of Work Safety of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 55广西壮族自治区统计局Statistics Bureau of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 56广西壮族自治区旅游局Tourism Administration of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 57广西壮族自治区粮食局Administration of Grain of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 58广西壮族自治区侨务办公室Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 59广西壮族自治区法制办公室Legislative Affairs Office of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 60广西壮族自治区金融工作办公室The Financial Affairs Office of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 61广西壮族自治区人民防空办公室The Office of Civil Air Defense of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 62广西壮族自治区扶贫开发办公室The Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

（五）自治区人民政府议事协调办事机构

63广西壮族自治区边海防办Frontier Defense Committee of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 64广西壮族自治区铁路建设办公室Railway Construction Office of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 65广西壮族自治区水库移民工作管理局Reservior Immigration Administration of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

（六）自治区人民政府直属事业单位

66广西壮族自治区发展研究中心Development Research Center of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 67广西壮族自治区地质矿产勘察开发局Bureau of Geology and Mineral Prospecting and Exploitation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 68广西壮族自治区供销合作联社Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

69广西电视台Guangxi Television Station 70广西科学院Guangxi Academy of Sciences

71广西社会科学院Guangxi Academy of Social Sciences 72广西农业科学院Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences 73广西壮族自治区地方志办公室Local Chronicles Office of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 74广西国际博览事务局/中国-东盟博览会秘书处Guangxi International Expo Affairs Bureau/ China-ASEAN Expo Secretariat 75广西壮族自治区少数民族语言文字工作委员会Ethnic Minority Language Work Committee of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

76广西壮族自治区招投标管理局Bidding Management Bureau of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 77广西出版总社Guangxi Publishing Group 78广西壮族自治区二轻城镇集体工业联合社Second-Light Industry Urban Collectives Aociation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

（七）自治区人民政府部门管理机构

79广西壮族自治区监狱管理局Prison Administration of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 80广西壮族自治区海洋局Oceanic Administration of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 81广西壮族自治区测绘地理信息局Bureau of Surveying, Mapping and Geo-information of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

82广西壮族自治区水产畜牧兽医局Fishery, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

83广西壮族自治区食品药品监督管理局Food and Drug Administration of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 84广西壮族自治区公安厅交通管理局Traffic Management Bureau of the Department of Public Security, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

（八）自治区人民政府挂牌机构

85广西壮族自治区编制办公室The Comiion Office for Public Sector Reform of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

86广西壮族自治区宗教事务局Administration for Religious Affairs of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

87广西壮族自治区物价局The Price Bureau of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 88广西壮族自治区投资促进局Investment Promotion Agency of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 89广西壮族自治区档案局The Archives Administration of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 90广西壮族自治区信访局Bureau for Letters and Calls of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

（九）自治区人民政府部门管理事业单位

91广西壮族自治区机关事务管理局Government Offices Administration of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 92广西壮族自治区农业区划委员会办公室The Office for Agricultural Regional Planning Committee of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

93广西日报传媒集团Guangxi Daily Media Group 94广西壮族自治区自治区水文水资源局 Hydrology and Water Resources Bureau of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

95广西人民广播电台Guangxi People’s Broadcasting Station 96广西壮族自治区农业机械化管理局Agriculture Mechanization Administration of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

（十）自治区人民政府其他机构

97广西壮族自治区产业发展领导小组办公室The Leadership Group Office for Industrial Development of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

（十）自治区人民政府直属公司

98广西铁路投资（集团）有限公司Guangxi Railway Investment Group Co., Ltd 99广西壮族自治区农垦局（农垦集团）Guangxi State Farms Group Company Limited 100广西物资集团Guangxi Materials Group

101广西投资集团Guangxi Investment Group Co., Ltd 102广西鱼峰集团有限公司Guangxi Yufeng Group Ltd 103广西北部湾国际港务集团有限公司Guangxi Beibu Gulf International Port Group Co., Ltd

104广西地方铁路有限责任公司Guangxi Local Railway Investment Co., Ltd 105广西机场管理集团Guangxi Airport Management Group 106广西华蓝设计（集团）有限公司Guangxi Hualan Design and Consulting Group Co.Ltd 107广西交通投资集团有限公司Guangxi Communications Investment Group Co., Ltd 108广西建工集团Guangxi Construction Engineering Group 109广西壮族自治区农村信用社联合社Rural Credit Union of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 110广西新华书店集团有限公司Guangxi Xinhua Bookstore Group Co., Ltd 111中国广西国际经济技术合作公司China Guangxi Cooperation for International Techno-Economic Cooperation

112广西金融投资集团有限公司Guangxi Financial Investment Group Co., Ltd 113广西柳州钢铁（集团）公司Liuzhou Iron & Steel Co, Ltd 114广西电影集团Guangxi Filming Group Co., Ltd 115广西柳工集团有限公司Guangxi Liugong Group Co., Ltd 116广西柳工机械股份有限公司Liugong Machinery Co., Ltd 117中国铝业股份有限公司广西分公司Aluminum Corporation of China Limited, Guangxi Subsidiary (Chinalco Guangxi)

118龙滩水电开发有限公司Longtan Hydropower Development Co., Ltd 119广西壮族自治区工程咨询中心Guangxi Engineering Consulting Center 120桂江公司Guijiang Company 121广西北部湾投资集团有限公司Guangxi Beibu Gulf Investment Group Co., Ltd 122广西北部湾银行Guangxi Beibu Gulf Bank 123广西壮族自治区总工会Federation of Trade Unions of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

三、人民团体（社团组织）及其他

124广西壮族自治区科学技术协会Aociation for Science and Technology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

125广西壮族自治区文学艺术界联合会Federation of Literary and Art Circles of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

126广西壮族自治区社会科学界联合会Federation of Social Sciences Circle of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

127广西壮族自治区残疾人联合会Disabled Persons’ Federation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 128中国国际贸易促进会广西分会，中国国际商会广西分会China Council for the Promotion of International Trade (CCPIT) Guangxi Sub-Council, China Chamber of International Commerce Guangxi Chamber of Commerce

129广西壮族自治区红十字会Red Cro Society of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

四、中直驻桂单位

130商务部驻南宁特派办员办事处 Nanning Commiioner’s Office of the Ministry of Commerce

131南宁铁路局Nanning Railway Administration

132中华人民共和国南宁海关Nanning Customs District, the People’s Republic of China 133广西壮族自治区国家税务局Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Office, State Administration of Taxation

134广西壮族自治区地震局Earthquake Administration of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 135广西壮族自治区气象局Meteorological Administration of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 136中国人民银行南宁中心支行The People’s Bank of China, Nanning Central Sub-branch 137中国银行业监督管理委员会广西监管局China Banking Regulatory Commiion (CBRC) Guangxi Bureau 138中国保险业监督管理委员会广西监管局China Insurance Regulatory Commiion (CIRC) Guangxi Bureau 139中国证券业监督管理委员会广西监管局China Securities Regulatory Commiion (CSRC) Guangxi Bureau 140广西壮族自治区烟草专卖局（公司）Guangxi Tobacco Monopoly Administration/ Guangxi Tobacco Corporation 141广西壮族自治区通信管理局Communications Administration of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 142中华人民共和国广西海事局Maritime Safety Administration of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China 143广西壮族自治区邮政管理局Post Bureau of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 144广西壮族自治区黄金管理局Gold Management Bureau of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

145广西出入境检验检疫局Bureau of Entry-Exit Inspection and Qurantine of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 146广西储备物资管理局Bureau of Material Reserve of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 147国家统计局广西调查总队National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) Survey Office in Guangxi

148新华社广西分社Xinhua News Agency Guangxi Branch

149国家开发银行广西分行China Development Bank Guangxi Branch 150中国农业发展银行广西分行Agricultural Development Bank of China Guangxi Branch 151中国工商银行广西分行Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Guangxi Branch

152中国农业银行广西分行Agricultural Bank of China Guangxi Branch 153中国银行广西分行Bank of China Guangxi Branch

154中国建设银行广西区分行China Construction Bank Guangxi Branch 155交通银行广西区分行Bank of Communications Guangxi Branch 156中国光大银行南宁分行China Everbright Bank Nanning Branch 157中国华融资产管理公司南宁办事处China Huarong Aet Management Corporation Nanning Office 158中国长城资产管理公司南宁办事处China Great Wall Aet Management Corporation Nanning Office 159中国东方资产管理公司南宁办事处China Orient Aet Management Corporation Nanning Office 160中国信达资产管理公司南宁办事处China Cinda Aet Management Co., Ltd Nanning Office 161中国人保财险广西分公司PICC Property and Casualty Company Limited Guangxi Branch 162中国人寿广西分公司China Life Guangxi Branch 163广西电网公司Guangxi Power Grid Co.

164中国石化广西石油分公司SINOPEC Guangxi Oil Products Company 165广西壮族自治区邮政公司Guangxi Post

166中国电信广西公司China Telecom Guangxi Subsidiary 167中国移动通信广西分公司China Mobile Guangxi Subsidiary 168中国联通广西分公司China Unicom Guangxi Subsidiary 169中国轻工业南宁设计工程有限公司China Light Industry Nanning Design Engineering Co., Ltd

170广西中烟工业有限责任公司China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., Ltd 171中国储备粮管理总公司广西分公司China Grain Reserves Corporation Guangxi Branch 172国海证券有限责任公司Sealand Securities

五、高等院校

173广西大学Guangxi University 174广西师范大学Guangxi Normal University 175广西医科大学Guangxi Medical University

176广西民族大学Guangxi University for Nationalities

177桂林电子科技大学Guilin University of Electronic Technology 178广西广播电视大学Guangxi Radio&TV University 179广西艺术学院Guangxi Arts Institute

180广西中医学院Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine 181广西教育学院Guangxi Institute of Education 182广西师范学院Guangxi Teachers Education University

183右江民族医学院Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities 184广西经济管理干部学院Guangxi Economic Management Cadre College

185广西工学院Guangxi Unviversity of Technology 186桂林医学院Guilin Medical University 187玉林师范学院Yulin Normal University 188河池学院Hechi University

189广西财经学院Guangxi University of Finance and Economics 190钦州学院Qinzhou University

191广西政法管理干部学院Guangxi Political Science & Law Institute 192广西卫生管理干部学院Guangxi Health Management College 193广西体育高等专科学校Guangxi College of Sports and Physical Education 194柳州师范高等专科学校Liuzhou Teachers College 195广西警官高等专科学校Guangxi Police Academy

196广西经贸职业技术学院Guangxi Economic & Trade Polytechnic

六、补充机构

197广西区人民检察院People’s Procuratorate of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

198广西高级人民法院Higher People’s Court of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

199广西高级人民法院审判委员会Judicial Committee of the Higher People’s Court of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

200广西高等学校工作委员会Higher Education Work Committee of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 201广西外国专家局Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

202广西化工研究院Guangxi Research Institute of Chemical Industry

203广西富丰集团Guangxi Fufeng Group Co., Ltd 204广西党校Party School of CPC Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Committee

第14篇：英文

china launched its National Day celebrations yesterday by streing its hosting of the Beijing Olympics and the country\'s first spacewalk, two hard-won succees in a tumultuous year featured by natural disasters, ethnic unrest, and another food safety scandal.

The spacewalk on Saturday strengthened a wave of Chinese pride and patriotism springing from the Olympics, which is still a big news story in the domestic pre one month after it came to an end.China\'s Olympic heroes were honored in a three-hour ceremony at the Great Hall of the People that was broadcast live on national television.

State broadcaster CCTV showed the three returning astronauts, with flower garlands around their necks, waving and smiling as they were treated to a homecoming parade in Beijing.Their miion, including China\'s first spacewalk, put the country closer to building a space station and landing a man on the moon.

State broadcaster CCTV showed the three returning astronauts, with flower garlands around their necks, waving and smiling as they were treated to a homecoming parade in Beijing.Their miion, including China\'s first spacewalk, put the country closer to building a space station and landing a man on the moon.

Meanwhile, Vice President Xi, who oversaw preparations for the Beijing Summer Games, praised what he said was China\'s realization of a 100-year dream to host the event and said it would keep China on its reform path.

\"The succeful holding of the Beijing Olympics and Paralympics has carried forward the Olympic spirit, improved the understanding and friendship betweenthe world , and it also demonstrates the great achievements of reform and opening and the building of socialist modernization.\"

But Premier Wen Jiabao touched briefly on some of the country\'s troubles so far this year during an addre at a dinner banquet that included many foreign dignitaries.

\"We prevailed over the disasters caused by the heavy snow and sleet storms and the devastating Wenchuan earthquake,\" he said, referring to a freak storm just before February\'s Lunar New Year that left scores dead and hundreds of thousands stranded during the country\'s busiest travel period.

A magnitude 7.9 earthquake in May left nearly 90,000 people dead or miing.

\"We still face many difficulties and problems in our endeavor to advance socialist modernization but we have full confidence to conquer them,\" he said.

The 59th anniversary of the founding of the People\'s Republic of China is tomorrow.This year also marks 30 years since China initiated the economic reforms that turned the country into the world\'s factory floor and transformed all of its major cities.

Economic development has been slower to reach far-flung regions like Tibet, where simmering ethnic tensions boiled over in March.Anti-government riots erupted in the capital of Lhasa,

sparking sympathy protests in Tibetan areas acro western China.however, china can respond to these chanllenges positively,and at last we are convinced that our govenment can lead us into a more promising future.

第2篇

Australia through My Eyes

When referring to Australia, I am always impreed by its charisma.From the great barrier reef to the vast desert, from the thick forests to the boundle plains, Australia boasts picturesque scenery and abundant natural resources.However, what strike me most are its complicated population map and its diversified culture.Australia is one of the developed countries that embraced and is now continuing opening her arms to many immigrants, who are incorporated into a both culturally rich and economically prosperous society.These immigrants’ multifaceted backgrounds contribute to the country’s cultural diversity.Thanks to the adoption of multicultural policies in Australia Since 1980s, Australia has gradually grown into a harmonious community.As the core value, cultural diversity has witneed its burgeon and boom in Australia.The diversity is the most precious national wealth.As a result, it is supported and encouraged by all the previous governments.People from different cultural backgrounds bring various languages and customs to Australia, which adds to Australia’s overall strength in facing challenges of globalization.It is with this readine and open-mindedne that Australia is now heading for a more promising future.第3篇

It is not an easy thing for a government to have its people live without any conflicts.So the multicultural policy, while encouraging the realization of individual value, prioritizes national interests.So when peoples’ interests are in contradiction with national interests, the ｆｒｏｍer should give way to the latter.Furthermore, the iue of the nationality still plays an important part under the current circumstances.At any rate, people worldwide are arriving at an agreement that cultural diversity should be maintained, transmitted, and developed.Albeit different historical backgrounds, cultural and social systems between China and Australia, and thus discrepancies in national situations and national policies, China and Australia still share a lot in common in terms of principles and methods of dealing with domestic and international iues.As a result, both countries can share their experiences and expertise in dealing with the ethnical iues.For instance, the idea of coexistence characterized by mutual understanding and mutual tolerance is in conｆｒｏｍity with the thought of harmony despite difference in China.

As the anthem of Australia sings, “With courage let us all combine to Advance Australia Fair.” with high freedom, fresh mentality, adventurous entrepreneurship and great ambition, Australia is now striding towards a higher civilization.

第15篇：英文

The Impact of the Computer on Writing Ability

As we can see,from left to right, there is a brush, a pen and a computer in the picture, which indicates the development of the way people write with.Under eachone of them Chinese characters meaning “handwriting”.Obviously, the two characters under the computer are not as beautiful as the rest ones, which implies that with the popularity of computer people’s writing ability has deteriorated.

This picture brings us the question whether we are going forward or backward after the popularity of computer.There is no doubt that our life has become much easier owing to the conveniences computer has brought, However, people have depended so much on computer that they can hardly do things wewll without it, which result in the degeneration in some abilities, such as writing ability and communication ability,In this sense,computer has made go backward.

Alarmed by the iue reflected in the picture, we should do something to prevent ourselves from the side of computer.As far as I am concerned,we should limit the time we spend on computer and try to develop as many habits as poible in spare time .

第16篇：英文

矢志不渝,天道酬勤

>01 The Language of Music

A painter hangs his or her finished picture on a wall, and everyone can see it.A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it until it is performed.Profeional singers and players have great responsibilities,for the composer is utterly dependent on them.

A student of music needs as long and as arduous a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor.Most training is concerned with technique, for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dancer.Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords would be inadequate without controlled muscular support.String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow to and fro with the right arm -- two entirely different movements.Singers and instrumentalists have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune.Pianists are spared this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, waiting for them, and it is the piano tuner\'s responsibility to tune the instrument for them.But they have their own difficulties: the hammers that hit the strings have to be coaxed not to sound like percuion, and each overlapping tone has to sound clear.

This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts student conductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound, and they have to aim at controlling these sounds with fanatical butselfle authority.Technique is of no use unle it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding.

Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music that they can enjoy performing works writtenin any entury.

01 音乐的语言

画家将已完成的作品挂在墙上，每个人都可以观赏到。 作曲家写完了一部作品，得由 演奏者将其演奏出来，其他人才能得以欣赏。因为作曲家是如此完全地依赖于职业歌手和职 业演奏者，所以职业歌手和职业演奏者肩上的担子可谓不轻。

一名学音乐的学生要想成为 一名演奏者，需要经受长期的、严格的训练，就象一名医科的学生要成为一名医生一样。 绝 大多数的训练是技巧性的。 音乐家们控制肌肉的熟练程度，必须达到与运动员或巴蕾舞演 员相当的水平.歌手们每天都练习吊嗓子，因为如果不能有效地控制肌肉的话，他们的声带将不能满足演唱的要求。弦乐器的演奏者练习的则是在左手的手指上下滑动的同时，用 右手前后拉动琴弓--两个截然不同的动作。歌手和乐器演奏者必须使所有的音符完全相同协 调。 钢琴家们则不用操这份心，因为每个音符都已在那里等待着他们了。 给钢琴调音是调 音师的职责。 但调音师们也有他们的难处： 他们必须耐心地调理敲击琴弦的音锤，不能让音锤发出的声音象是打击乐器，而且每个交叠的音都必须要清晰。

如何得到乐章清晰的纹理是学生指挥们所面临的难题：他们必须学会了解音乐中的每一个音及其发音之道。 他们还 必须致力于以热忱而又客观的权威去控制这些音符。除非是和音乐方面的知识和悟性结合起 来，单纯的技巧没有任何用处。

艺术家之所以伟大在于他们对音乐语言驾轻就熟，以致于 可以满怀喜悦地演出写于任何时代的作品。艰难困苦.玉汝于成

>02 Schooling and Education

It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an education.Neverthele, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school.The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important.Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling.Education knows no bounds.It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or in the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor.It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning.The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist.Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises.A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions.People are engaged ineducation from infancy on.Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term.It is a lifelong proce, a procethat starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral part of one\'s entire life.Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized proce, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next.

Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take aigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on.The slices of realitythat are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the workings of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught.For example, high school students know thatthey are not likely to find out in their claes the truth about political problems

in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with.There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized proce of schooling.

上学与受教育

在美国，人们通常认为上学是为了受教育。 而 现在却有人认为孩子们上学打断了他们 受教育的过程。 这种观念中的上学与受教育之间的区别非常重要。

与上学相比，教育更具 开放性，内容更广泛。 教育不受任何限制。 它可以在任何场合下进行，在淋浴时，在工作 时，在厨房里或拖拉机上。

它既包括在学校所受的正规教育，也包括一切非正规教育。 传 授知识的人可以是德高望重的老者，可以是收音机里进行政治辩论的人们，可以是小孩子， 也可以是知名的科学家。 上学读书多少有点可预见性，而教育往往能带来意外的发现。 与 陌生人的一次随意谈话可能会使人认识到自己对其它宗教其实所知甚少。 人们从幼时起就 开始受教育。 因此，教育是一个内涵很丰富的词，它自始至终伴随人的一生，早在人们上 学之前就开始了。

教育应成为人生命中不可缺少的一部分。然而，上学却是一个特定的形 式化了的过程。 在不同场合下，它的基本形式大同小异。 在全国各地，孩子们几乎在同一 时刻到达学校，坐在指定的座位上，由一位成年人传授知识，使用大致相同的教材，做作业， 考试等等。

他们所学的现实生活中的一些片断，如字母表或政府的运作，往往受到科目范 围的限制。

例如，高中生们知道，在课堂上他们没法弄清楚他们社区里政治问题的真情， 也不会了解到最新潮的电影制片人在做哪些尝试。

学校教育这一形式化的过程是有特定的 限制的。

>03TheDefinitionof\"Price\"Prices determine how resources are to be used.They are also the means by which products and services that are inlimited supply are rationed among buyers.The price system of the United States is a complex network composed ofthe prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, including labor, profeional, transportation, and public-utility services.The interrelationships of all these prices makeup the\"system\" of prices.The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or le upon everythin else.If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define \"price\", many would reply that price is anamount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or,in other words, that price is the money value of a

product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction.This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes.For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money involved must be known.Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that apply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, return privileges, and other factors.Inother words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total \"package\" being exchanged for the asked-for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.

\"价格\"的定义 价格决定资源的使用方式。 价格也是有限的产品与服务在买方中的配给 手段。

美国的价格系统是复杂的网状系统，包括经济生活中一切产品买卖的价格，也包括 名目繁多的各种服务，诸如劳动力、专职人员、交通运输、公共事业等服务的价格。

所有 这些价格的内在联系构成了价格系统。 任何一种个别产品或服务的价格都与这个庞大而复杂的系统密切相关，而且或多或少地受到系统中其它成份的制约。如果随机挑选一群人，问

问他们如何定义\"价格\"，许多人会回答价格就是根据卖方提供的产品或服务，买方向其付出 的钱数。换句话说，价格就是市场交易中大家认同的产品或服务的货币量。 该定义就其本 身来说自有其道理。但要获得对价格在任何一桩交易中的完整认识，就必须考虑到大量\" 非货币\"因素的影响。 买卖双方不但要清楚交易中的钱数，而且要非常熟悉交易物的质量和 数量，交易的时间、地点，采用哪种形式付款，有怎样的缓付和优惠，对交易物的质量保证、交货条款、退赔权利等等。 也就是说，为了能估算索价，买卖双方必须通晓构成交易物价 格的通盘细节。

>04 Electricity

The modern age is an age of electricity.People are so used to electric lights, radio, televisions, and telephones that it is hard to imagine what life would be like without them.When there is a power failure, people grope about in flickering candlelight, cars hesitate in the streets because there are no traffic lights to guide them, and food spoils in silent Refrigerators.Yet, people began to understand how electricity works only a little more than two centuries ago.Nature hasapparently been experimenting in this field for millions of years.Scientists are discovering more and more that the living world may hold many interesting secrets of electricity that could benefit humanity.All living cells send out tiny pulses of electricity.As the heart beats, it sends out pulses of record; they form an electrocardiogram, which a doctor can study to determine how well the heart is working.The brain, too, sends out brain waves of electricity, which can be recorded in an electroencephalogram.The electric currents generated by most living cells are extremely small -- often so small that sensitive instruments are needed to record them.But in some animals, certain muscle cells have become so specialized as electrical generators that they do not work as muscle cells at all.When large numbers of these cells are linked together, the effects can be astonishing.The electric eel is an amazing storage battery.It can send a jolt of as much as eight hundred volts of electricity through the water in which it lives.(An electric house current is only one hundred twenty volts.) As many as four-fifths of all the cells in the electric eel\'s body are specialized for generating electricity, and the strength of the shock it can deliver corresponds roughly to the length of its body.

电当今时代是电气时代。 人们对电灯、收音机、电视和电话早已司空见惯以致很难想 象没有它们生活会变成什么样。

当停电时，人们在摇曳不定的烛光下暗中摸索； 因没有红 绿灯的指示，汽车在道路上迟疑不前；冰箱也停止工作，导致食物变质。人们只是在两个世

纪前一点才开始了解电的使用原理，自然界却显然在这方面经历过了数百万年。 科学家不 断发现许多生物世界里可能有益于人类的关于电的有趣秘密。所有生物细胞都会发出微小的 电脉冲。

当心脏跳动时，把它发出的脉冲记录下来就成了心电图，这可让医生了解心脏的 工作状况。大脑也发出脑电波，这可在脑电图上记录下来。

许多生物细胞发出的电流都是 极微小的，小到要用灵敏仪器才能记录和测量。 但一些动物的某些肌肉细胞能转化成一个 个发电机，以致完全失去肌肉细胞的功能。

这种细胞大量地连接在一起时产生的效果将是 非常令人吃惊的。电鳗就是一种令人惊异的蓄电池。 它可以在水中发出相当于 800 伏特电 压电流(家庭用户的电压只有 120 伏特)。 在电鳗的身体里，多至五分之四的细胞都专门用 来发电，而且发出的电流的强度大约和它身体的长度成正比。

>05 The Beginning of Drama

There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece.The one most widely accepted today is based on the aumption that drama evolved from ritual.The argument for this view goes as follows.In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the worldas unpredictable, and they sought through various means to control these unknown and feared powers.Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals.Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites.As time paed some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama.Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theaterbecause music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used.Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the \"acting area\" and the\"auditorium.\" In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually aumed that task.Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed the desired effect-- succe in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun -- as an actor might.Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.

Another theory traces the theater\'s origin from the human interest in storytelling.According to this view tales (about the hunt, war, or other feats) are gradually elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narrator and then through the aumption of each of the roles by a different person.A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds.戏剧的起源 关于古希腊戏剧的起源存在着多种理论，其中一个最普遍为人接受的理论 假设认为戏剧从仪式演化而来。

这个观点是这样进行论证的：一开始，人类把世界上的自 然力量，甚至季节的变化都看成是不可预料的。 他们试图通过各种方式去控制这些未知的、令人恐惧的力量。 那些似乎带来了满意结果的手段就被保留下来并且重复直到这些手段固 化为不变的仪式，最后产生了能够解释或者掩盖这些仪式神秘性的故事。随着时间的推移， 一些仪式被废弃了，但这些后来被称作神话的故事流传下来并且为艺术和戏剧提供了素材。 认为戏剧从仪式演化而来的人们还认为那些仪式包含了戏剧的基本因素，因为音乐、舞蹈、面具和服装几乎经常被使用，而且，必须为演出提供一个合适的地点；如果不是整个社区共 同参加演出，经常在\"演出区\"和\"观众席\"之间划分出明显的分界。

另外，仪式中还有演员， 而且宗教领袖通常承担演出任务，因为在仪式的执行中避免错误的发生被认为有相当大的重 要性；他们经常带着面具，穿着服装象演员那样扮演其它人、动物或超自然的生灵，用动作来表演以达到所需要的效果，比如打猎的成功或战斗的胜利、将至的雨、太阳的复活。 最 后这些戏剧性的表演从宗教活动中分离了出来。

另一个追溯戏剧起源的理论认为它来自人 们对叙述故事的兴趣。 根据这个观点，故事(关于狩猎、战争或者其它伟绩)是逐渐丰富起 来的。 首先通过一个讲解人来运用模仿、表演和对话，然后再由不同的人扮演各自的角色； 另一个与之紧密相关的理论将戏剧的起源追溯至舞蹈，这些舞蹈大体上是有节奏感的和体操 式的那一类，或者是对动物动作和声音的模仿。

第17篇：英文

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The Acuity Brands commitment to superior lighting solutions begins with the industry’s strongest portfolio of quality products.Within our family of leading brands, you will find unequaled breadth of product to meet a wide variety of indoor and outdoor lighting creation and management needs in commercial, industrial, institutional and residential applications.At the heart of our new product development is a steadfast commitment to the development and application of innovative, new lighting technologies that improve lighting quality,

improve lighting economics and enhance the overall environment through reduced energy consumption.

Our long-standing resolve is to provide superior service to our customers before and after the sale.From product selection and specification through product delivery and beyond, we are committed to providing the systems, tools and capabilities that deliver product and

information when you need them.Simply put, our organization strives to be easy to do busine with in everything we do.

Our people are committed to applying their unrivaled experience and lighting expertise to enhancing the overall customer experience.Combining that capability with the strength of our industry-leading agency sales force, you can count on us to support you for all your lighting needs.

第18篇：英文

account number 帐号 depositor 存户

pay-in slip 存款单

a deposit form 存款单

a banding machine 自动存取机

to deposit 存款

deposit receipt 存款收据

private deposits 私人存款

certificate of deposit 存单

deposit book, pabook 存折

credit card 信用卡

principal 本金

overdraft, overdraw 透支

to counter sign 双签

to endorse 背书

endorser 背书人

to cash 兑现

to honor a cheque 兑付

to dishonor a cheque 拒付

to suspend payment 止付

cheque,check 支票

cheque book 支票本

order cheque 记名支票

bearer cheque 不记名支票

croed cheque 横线支票

blank cheque 空白支票

rubber cheque 空头支票 cheque stub, counterfoil 票根

cash cheque 现金支票

traveler\'s cheque 旅行支票

cheque for transfer 转帐支票

outstanding cheque 未付支票

canceled cheque 已付支票

forged cheque 伪支票

Bandar\'s note 庄票，银票

banker 银行家

president 行长

savings bank 储蓄银行

Chase Bank 大通银行

Citibank 花旗银行

Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation 汇丰银行

Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麦加利银行

Banque de I\'IndoChine 东方汇理银行

central bank, national bank, banker\'s bank 中央银行

bank of iue, bank of circulation 发行币银行

commercial bank 商业银行，储蓄信贷银行

member bank, credit bank 储蓄信贷银行

discount bank 贴现银行

exchange bank 汇兑银行

requesting bank 委托开证银行

iuing bank, opening bank 开证银行

advising bank, notifying bank 通知银行

negotiation bank 议付银行

confirming bank 保兑银行

paying bank 付款银行

aociate banker of collection 代收银行

consigned banker of collection 委托银行

clearing bank 清算银行

local bank 本地银行

domestic bank 国内银行 overseas bank 国外银行

unincorporated bank 钱庄

branch bank 银行分行

trustee savings bank 信托储蓄银行

trust company 信托公司

financial trust 金融信托公司

unit trust 信托投资公司

trust institution 银行的信托部

credit department 银行的信用部

commercial credit company(discount company) 商业信贷公司（贴现公司）

neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道储蓄所

credit union 合作银行

credit bureau 商业兴信所

self-service bank 无人银行

land bank 土地银行

construction bank 建设银行

industrial and commercial bank 工商银行

bank of communications 交通银行

mutual savings bank 互助储蓄银行

post office savings bank 邮局储蓄银行

mortgage bank, building society 抵押银行

industrial bank 实业银行

home loan bank 家宅贷款银行

reserve bank 准备银行

chartered bank 特许银行

corresponding bank 往来银行

merchant bank, accepting bank 承兑银行

investment bank 投资银行

import and export bank (EXIMBANK) 进出口银行

joint venture bank 合资银行 money shop, native bank 钱庄

credit cooperatives 信用社

clearing house 票据交换所

public accounting 公共会计

busine accounting 商业会计

cost accounting 成本会计

depreciation accounting 折旧会计

computerized accounting 电脑化会计

general ledger 总帐

subsidiary ledger 分户帐

cash book 现金出纳帐

cash account 现金帐

journal, day-book 日记帐，流水帐

bad debts 坏帐

investment 投资

surplus 结余

idle capital 游资

economic cycle 经济周期

economic boom 经济繁荣

economic receion 经济衰退

economic depreion 经济萧条

economic crisis 经济危机

economic recovery 经济复苏

inflation 通货膨胀

deflation 通货收缩

devaluation 货币贬值

revaluation 货币增值

international balance of payment 国际收支

favourable balance 顺差

adverse balance 逆差 hard currency 硬通货

soft currency 软通货

international monetary system 国际货币制度

the purchasing power of money 货币购买力

money in circulation 货币流通量

note iue 纸币发行量

national budget 国家预算

national gro product 国民生产总值

public bond 公债

stock, share 股票

debenture 债券

treasury bill 国库券

debt chain 债务链

direct exchange 直接（对角）套汇

indirect exchange 间接（三角）套汇

cro rate, arbitrage rate 套汇汇率

foreign currency (exchange) reserve 外汇储备

foreign exchange fluctuation 外汇波动

foreign exchange crisis 外汇危机

discount 贴现

discount rate, bank rate 贴现率

gold reserve 黄金储备

money (financial) market 金融市场

stock exchange 股票交易所

broker 经纪人

commiion 佣金

bookkeeping 簿记

bookkeeper 簿记员

an application form 申请单

bank statement 对帐单 letter of credit 信用证

strong room, vault 保险库

equitable tax system 等价税则

specimen signature 签字式样

banking hours, busine hours 营业时间 银行英语口语－新开帐户

What kind of account did you have in your mind? 你想开哪种帐户? Do you like to open a current account? 你想开一个活期存款帐户吗? A deposit or current account? 定期还是活期? Please tell me how you would like to deposit your money.请告诉我你想存何种户头? There\'s a service charge for the checking account but no charge for the savings.支票户头要收服务费，现金户头不收。

Our minimum deposit for a savings account is 100 dollars.我们储蓄存款的最低存款额是100美圆。 Five yuan is the minimum original deposit.最低起存款额是5元。

You can open a savings account at any time with an initial deposit of 50 dollars.你可随时以50美圆的起存额开立储蓄帐户。 Even one yuan is all right.甚至一元也可以起存。

Here is your pasbook.Please bring it back when you deposit or withdraw money any time you like.Keep it well and inform us whenever you lose it.这是你的存折，存取款时请带来。保管好存折，遗失请告诉我们。 I should like to open a current account.我想开一个活期存款帐户。

I need a checking account so that I can pay my bill.我需开个支票帐户，这样就能付帐。

We\'d like to know how we open a checking-savings account.我们想知道如何开一个支票储蓄帐户。 I have a checking account here.我在这里有一个支票存款帐户。 I think I\'d like a deposit account.我想要开个定期存款帐户。 Can I open a current account here? 我能否在这儿开个活期存款帐户？ I want to open a deposit account with you.我要开个储蓄帐户。

I\'d like to open a deposit account with you.我想在你们这儿开个定期存款帐户。

Could you tell me the difference between a savings account and a checking account? 请告诉我储蓄存款与支票存款的区别好吗？

Please tell me the procedure for opening a savings account.请告诉我开个储蓄帐户需要什么手续。

Will 100 yuan be enough for a minimum deposit? 100元作最低存款额够吗？

I\'d like to know whether a 200 yuan deposit will be enough for opening a checking account.我想知道开一个支票帐户200元存款是否够。 Could you tell me how to operate this account? 请告诉我如何经管这个帐户好吗？ Is there any minimum for the first deposit? 第一次储蓄有最低限额吗？

How much does each account cost? 每个帐户要花多少钱？ Useful Phrases current deposit, current account 活期存款 fixed deposit, fixed account 定期存款 fixed deposit by installments 零存整取 joint account 联名存款帐户 to open an account 开户头 银行英语口语－存款

How much do you want to deposit with us? 你想在我们这存多少？

How much do you wish to pay into your account? 你希望在你的户头上存多少？

How much money do you plan to keep in your account on a regular basis? 你计划在你的户头上定期存放多少钱？

How much cash do you plan to deposit in your account? 你有多少钱要存入呢？

I think you may deposit your money with the bank, or leave it here for temporary safe-keeping.我认为你可把钱存入银行，或留在银行暂保管起来。

Would you please fill in the depositing form, giving the sum of money you\'re to deposit as well as your name, addre and profeional unit? 请填张存款单，写明要存的数额以及你的姓名，地址和工作的单位，好吗？ I want to deposit 300 yuan in my account.我想在我的户头上存300元。

I want to deposit these cheques in my account.我想把这些支票存在我的户头上。

I\'d like to pay 200 yuan into my deposit account.我想在在我的定期存款户头上存200元。 I want to deposit my paycheck.我想存入我的工资支票。

I\'d like to know whether I can cash a cheque here.我想知道我能否在这兑换支票。

Will you please cash this traveler\'s cheque? 请兑现这张旅行支票好吗？ I\'d like to cash this money order.我想兑现这张汇款单。

I want to cash the balance of a traveler\'s letter of credit.我要把旅行信用证的结余兑现。

Will you please tell me whether you charge for cheques? 请告诉我兑换支票收手续费吗？

Could you tell me how much the checks cost? 请告诉我这些支票要花多少钱？ What if I overdraw? 如果透支了怎么办？

Please sign your name on the bottom line if you want to cash the check.如果想兑支票，请在底线上签名。

Please write your account number on the back of the check.请在支票背面写上你的帐号。

We honored the check as the overdraft was only 5 yuan.我们承兑这张支票的透支额只有5元。 Please endorse the cheque.请背签这张支票。

The traveler\'s checks cost 1.5% of the total amount of purchase.旅行支票手续费是购买总额的1.5%。

Here\'s the cheque book.When you send a cheque by post be careful to cro it, but if you wish to cash a cheque yourself, you must leave it \"open\".这是一本支票簿，你邮寄支票时，注意要在支票上打叉线。但是如果你本人想开张兑现支票，就不可打叉线。

Each cheque you write will cost 2 dollars.你每开一张支票将花2美圆。 Useful Words and Phrases account number 帐目编号 depositor 存户 pay-in slip 存款单 a deposit form 存款单

a banding machine 自动存取机 to deposit 存款

deposit receipt 存款收据 private deposits 私人存款 certificate of deposit 存单 deposit book, pabook 存折 credit card 信用卡 principal 本金

overdraft, overdraw 透支 to counter sign 双签 to endorse 背书 endorser 背书人 to cash 兑现

to honor a cheque 兑付 to dishonor a cheque 拒付 to suspend payment 止付 cheque,check 支票 cheque book 支票本 order cheque 记名支票 bearer cheque 不记名支票 croed cheque 横线支票 blank cheque 空白支票 rubber cheque 空头支票 cheque stub, counterfoil 票根 cash cheque 现金支票 traveler\'s cheque 旅行支票 cheque for transfer 转帐支票 outstanding cheque 未付支票 canceled cheque 已付支票 forged cheque 伪支票 Bandar\'s note 庄票，银票

中国2010年银行校园招聘笔试试卷

PartⅠ (10minutes) 1.Executives of the company enjoyed an___B_____lifestyle of free gifts ， fine wines and high salaries.

A exquisiteB estravagantC exotic D eccentric 2.If you want to get into that tunnel，you first have to ____B__away all the rocks.

A haulB repelC disposeD snatch 3.Some crops are relatively high yielders and couble be planted in preference to others to ___A___the food supply.

A enhanseB curbC disrupt D heighten 4.Astronomers at the universities of California discovered on of the most distant_____C__ .

A paradoxesB paradisesC galaxiesD shuttles 5.Many great scientists___D___their succe to hard work.

A portrayB ascribeC impartD acknowledge

6.It is generally known that New York is a city for and a center for __D____odd bits of information.

A） veteransB） pedestriansC） victimsD） eccentrics 7.High grades are supposed to __A____ academic ability， but John｀s actual performance did not confirm this.

A） certifyB） claifyC） clarifyD） notify 8.In spite of the ___B___ ， it seemed that many of the invited guests would still show up.

A） deviationB） controversyC） distinction D） comparison 9.The relatives of those killed in the crash got together to seek ___C___ .

A） premiumB） repaymentC） compensationD） refund 10.At first everything went well with the project but recently we have had a number of ___D___ with the machinery.

A） disturbancesB） outputsC） setbacksD） distortions 11.The sign set up by the road ___A__ drivers to a sharp turn.

A） alerts

B） refreshes

C） pleads

D） diverts 12.The doctors don｀t ___C__ that the patient will live much longer.

A） monitorB） manifestC） articulateD） anticipate 13.Call your doctor for advice if the __C___ persist for more than a few days.

A） responses B） signalsC） symptomsD） reflections 14.We find it impoible to __C___ with the latest safety regulations.

A） accordB） unifyC） obeyD） comply 15.Profeor Smith and Profeor Brown will ___A__ in presenting the series of lectures on American literature.

A） alterB） alternateC） substituteD） exchange 16.Having a（n）___D___attitude towards people with different ideas is an indication that one has been well educated.

A） analyticalB） bearableC） elasticD） tolerant 17.No form of government in the world is___A___; each system reflects the history and present needs of the region or the nation.

A） dominantB） influentialC） integralD） drastic 18.In spite of the___A___economic forecast， manufacturing output has risen slightly.

A） faint B） dizzyC） gloomyD） opaque 19.Too often Dr.Johnson’s lectures__B____how to protect the doctor rather than how to cure the patient.

A） look to B） dwell on C） permeate into D） shrug off 20.Loated in Washington D.C.， the Library of Congre contains an impreive____C__of books on every conceivable subject.A） flock B） configurationC） pile D） array

第19篇：英文

预约券 reservation ticket 下午茶 high tea

微博 Microblog/ Tweets 裸婚 naked wedding 亚健康 sub-health平角裤 boxers 愤青 young cynic 灵魂伴侣 soul mate 小白脸 toy boy

精神出轨 soul infidelity 人肉搜索 flesh search

剩女 3S lady（single，seventies,stuck）/left girls 山寨 copycat

异地恋 long-distance relationship 性感妈妈 yummy mummy

钻石王老五 diamond bachelor 时尚达人 fashion icon

上相的,上镜头的 photogenic 学术界 academic circle 哈证族 certificate maniac 偶像派 idol type

住房公积金 housing funds

熟女 cougar（源自电影Cougar Club）

挑食者 picky-eater 伪球迷 fake fans 紧身服 straitjacket 团购 group buying

奉子成婚 shotgun marriage 婚前性行为 premarital sex 炫富 flaunt wealth

决堤 breaching of the dike 上市 list share

赌球 soccer gambling 桑拿天 sauna weather 自杀 Dutch act

假发票 fake invoice

金砖四国 BRIC countries 笑料 laughing stock

泰国香米 Thai fragrant rice

学历造假 fabricate academic credentials 泄洪 release flood waters

狂热的 gaga eg: I was gaga over his deep blue eyes when I first set eyes on him

防暑降温补贴 high temperature subsidy 暗淡前景 bleak prospects 文艺爱情片 chick flick 惊悚电影 slasher flick 房奴车奴 mortgage slave 上课开小差 zone out 万事通 know-it-all

毕业典礼 commencement 散伙饭 farewell dinner

毕业旅行 after-graduation trip 节能高效的 fuel-efficient 具有时效性的 time-efficient 死记硬背 cramming

很想赢 be hungry for succe 面子工程 face job 指甲油 nail varnish 射手榜 top-scorer list

学历门槛 academic threshold 王牌主播 mainstay TV host 招牌菜 signature dishes 非正常死亡 exce death 影视翻拍 plays reshooting

四大文学名著 the four masterpieces of literature 城市热岛效应 urban heat island effect

逃学 play hooky, 装病不上班 play hooky from work 一线城市 first-tier cities

高考 the National College Entrance Examines 录取分数线 admiion scores 小型警车 panda car 老爷车 vintage car

保障性住房 indemnificatory housing 一决高下 Duke it out

差别电价 differential power prices 囤积居奇 hoarding and profiteering 灰色市场 Grey market 反倾销 anti-dumping

经济二次探底 double dip 吃白食的人 freeloader

橙色预警 orange signal warning 公关 public relation

不幸的日子，不吉利的日子 black-letter day 吉利的日子 saints' days 人肉搜索 flesh search 廉租房 low rent housing

限价房 capped-price housing 经适房 affordable housing 替罪羔羊 whipping boy

对口支援 partner aistance 扫把星 jinx

资本货物 capital goods

最终消费品 final consumption goods 原材料 raw material

制成品 manufactured goods 重工业 heavy industry 贸易顺差 trade surplus

外汇储备 foreign exchange reserve 潮人：trendsetter 发烧友： fancier

骨感美女：boney beauty 卡奴：card slave 蹦迪：disco dancing 电脑游戏迷：gamer

家庭主男：house-husband 小白脸，吃软饭的：kept man 二奶：kept woman

麦霸：Mic king / Mic queen

型男：metrosexual man（范指那些极度重视外貌而行为gay化的直男，型男属于其中的一种）

新新人类：new-new generation 另类：offbeat 菜鸟：rookie

“色”友（摄影爱好者）：shutterbug 驴友：tour pal 娘娘腔：siy

全职妈妈：stay-at-home mom 裸奔：streaking

80后：80's generation 百搭：all-match

肚皮舞：belly dance 片前广告：cinemads 角色扮演：cosplay 情侣装：couples dre 电子书：e-book 电子杂志：e-zine 胎教：fetal education 限时抢购：flash sale 合租：flat-share

期房：forward delivery housing 荧光纹身：glow tattoo 团购：group purchase 健商：HQ

扎啤：jug beer

八卦，丑闻：ki and tell 低腰牛仔裤：low-rise jeans 泡泡袜：loose socks 裸妆：nude look

黄牛票：scalped ticket 透视装：see-through dre 扫货：shopping spree

烟熏妆：smokey-eye make-up 水货：smuggled goods 热裤：tight pants 舌钉：tongue pin

纳米技术：nanotechnology 通灵：psychic

文凭热 degree craze 反腐败 anti-corruption

联合军演 joint military drill 财政赤字 budget deficit

拜倒在某人的石榴裙下 throw oneself at sb's feet 打破记录 break a record

创造新纪录 create a new record 终生学习lifelong learning 天气保险 weather insurance 正妹 hotty

对某人念念不忘 get the hots for 希望把好运带来给自己 touch wood

婚外恋 extramarital love; extramarital affair 职场冷暴力 emotional office abuse 赞助费 sponsorship fee

抚恤金 financial compensation，compensation payment 草莓族 Strawberry generation 草根总统 graroots president 点唱机 juke box

笨手笨脚 have two left feet 演艺圈 Showbiz

试点，试运行 on a trial basis 精疲力竭 be dead on one's feet 软禁 be under house arrest 拼车 car-pooling

解除好友关系 unfriend v. 发送色情短信 sexting 暴走 go ballistic 婚检 premarital check-up 天书 mumbo-jumbo 情意绵绵的 lovey-dovey

漂亮女人 tomato（俚语）；妖娆女子 cheese cake 懦夫 quitter（俚语）

母校 alma mater 黑马 dark horse

挥金如土 spend money like water 意外怀孕 unplanned pregnancy 人流 abortion

避孕措施 contraceptives

生殖健康 reproductive health 海外代购 overseas purchasing 试镜 screen test 访谈节目 chat show 智力竞赛节目 quiz show 武侠片 martial arts film 封面报道 cover story 跳槽 jump ship

闪婚 flash marriage 闪电约会 speeddating

闪电恋爱 whirlwind romance 刻不容缓，紧要关头 crunch time 健身 bodybuilding 遮阳伞 parasol 人渣 scouring

头等舱 first-cla cabin

世界遗产名录 the world heritage list

乐活族 LOHAS（Lifestyle Of Health And Sustainability）

安乐死 euthanasia

私生子 an illegitimate child; a love child 一夜情 one-night stand

Are you by yourself？你一个人来吗？ Come to the point！有话直说！

Do you accept plastic？收不收信用卡？

Does it keep long？可以保存吗？

Don't be so fuy！别挑剔了！

Don't count on me！别指望我！

Don't fall for it！不要上当！

Don't get me wrong！你搞错了！

Don't give me that！少来这套！

Don't lose your head！别乐昏了头！

Don't over do it！别做过头了！

Don't sit there daydreaming！别闲着做白日梦！

Don't stand on ceremony！别太拘束！

Drop me a line！要写信给我！

First come first served！先到先得！

Get a move on！快点吧！

Get off my back！不要嘲笑我！

Give him the works！给他点教训！

Give me a break！饶了我吧！

Great minds think alike！英雄所见略同！

In one ear，out the other ear.一耳进，一耳出！

I'm spaced-out！我开小差了！ I cro my heart！我发誓是真的！ I feel very miserable！我好沮丧！

I have no choice！我别无选择了！

I watch my money！视财如命！

I'll be in touch！保持联络！

I'll check it out！我去看看！

I'll show you around！我带你四处逛逛！

I'll see to it！我会留意的！

I'm crazy for you！我为你疯狂！

You make me jump！你下了我一跳！

Make up your mind.作个决定吧！

Make yourself at home！就当在家一样！

My mouth is watering！我要流口水了！

Never heard of it！没听说过！

Nice talking to you！很高兴和你聊天！

No doubt about it！勿庸置疑！

No pain no gain！不经一事，不长一智！

None of your busine！要你管？

There is nothing on your busine！这没你的事！

Now you are really talking！说得对！

Please don't rush me！请不要吹促我！

Please keep me informed！请一定要通知我！

She looks blue today.她今天很忧郁！

She is under the weather.她心情不好！

So far，so good.过得去。

Speaking of the devil！一说曹操，曹操就到！

Stay away from me！离我远一点！

Stay on the ball！集中注意力！

That makes no difference.不都一样吗？

That's a touchy iue！这是个辣手得问题！

That's always the case！习以为常！

That's going too far！这太离谱了！

That's more like that！这才象话嘛！

The answer is zero！白忙了！

The dice is cast！已成定局了！

The same as usual！一如既往！

The walls have ears！隔墙有耳！

There you go again！你又来了！

Time is running out！没有时间了！ We better get going！最好马上就走！

Absence makes the heart grow fonder.小别胜新婚。 December heartbeat.黄昏恋。 Don't get high hat.别摆臭架子. Don't get loaded.别喝醉了。 Get cold feet.害怕做某事。 Gild the lily.画蛇添足。

Price is soaring, if it goes on like this, we shall not be able to keep the pot boiling.

物价直线上升，这样子下去，我们锅里可没什么东西煮饭。 What is the fu？ 吵什么？

我代表北京市政府欢迎各位朋友访问北京。

On behalf of the Beijing Municipal government, I wish to extend our warm welcome to the friends who have come to visit Beijing.

我一定向他转达您的问候和邀请。

I'll surely remember you and your invitation to him.

请留步，不用送了！

女士们先生们，欢迎各位光临，演出很快就要开始了，请尽快就坐。

Ladies and gentlemen, good evening.The concert/show would start soon.Please get yourself seated.Thank you.

招待会现在开始。 The reception will now begin.

全体起立，奏国歌！

All rise please.For the P.R.C.National Anthem!

出席今天招待会的贵宾有…

The distinguished guests paarticipating the reception are …

现在请…讲话

I have the honour to call upon …

开幕式现在结束。

This concludes the opening ceremony.

热烈祝贺第一届…锦标赛

Hail the first FIFA of …

祝您工作顺利、事业成功、身体健康、家庭幸福！

Wish you the very best of luck in your job, every succe in your future endeavours, good health and a happy family!

衷心祝贺您当选…

Hearty congratulations on your recent election as …

举行会议/研讨会/大会/座谈会/学术报告会

Hold a meeting/seminar/conference/forum/symposium

赞助人/主办人/承办人/协办人 Patron/sponsor/organizer/co-organizer

举行谈判

Enter into negotiation

交涉

Make representations with sb.On sth./deal with sb.

事物性会谈

Talks at working level

对口会谈 Counterpart talks

议程项目

Items on the agenda

小组讨论 Panel discuion

同有关单位磋商

Hold consultations with the organizations concerned

一轮会谈

One round of talks

谅解备忘录

Memorandum of understanding

现在开会。

I declare the meeting open.

请…发言。

I invite the representative of …To take the floor.

下面我给各位简要介绍一下北京的经济情况

Now I would like to give you a brief overview of Beijing's economy.

我的介绍完了，谢谢！

That's all for my presentation.thank you.

我先说这么多。

So much for my remarks for now.

我要说的就是这些。

That's all for what I want to say.

您看是先谈原则问题呢，还是先谈具体问题？

I wonder if you would like to start with matters of principle or specific iues?

让我先谈一个问题。

If you agree(With your permiion), let me start with one iue

在谈那个问题之前我想对您刚才讲的话谈点看法。

Before we turn to that iue, I wish to make a few comments/remarks on your presentation.

您对此事怎么看呢？ I wish to benefit from your views on this matter./ What is your view on this matter?/ How do you see this matter?

我提议休会十分钟。

I propose a ten-minute break.

我想接着刚才的问题讲下去。

I will pick up where we left off just now.

对不起，我插一句。

Sorry for the interruption but

我方很希望 贵方能尽早给予肯定的答复。

We would greatly appreciate it if you could give us your favourable and prompt commitment as soon as poible.

请你们务必在8月1日前提出意向书。

You are kindly requested to submit the letter of intent on the date no later than 1st August.

纠缠这个问题。 Entangle this iue.

1.My time is your time.请你吩咐！ 2.My hands are tied.我很忙，无能为力。

3.To make a long story short.长话短说。 4.It's a date.一言为定。

5.That's a steal.真便宜。 6.She has no sense.她不懂事。

7.It's not big deal.没什么了不起。 8.What's the fu? 吵什么？

9.Don't push me.别逼我。 10.Have a good of it.玩得高兴。

11.Go down to busine.言归正传。 12.Does it serve your purpose.对你有用么

13.It's long story.一言难尽。 14.Don't play poum.别装蒜！

15.Make it up.不计前嫌。 16.Don't over do it.别太过分了。

17.You want a bet? 想打赌吗？ 18.Who wants? 谁稀罕？

19.December heartbeat.黄昏恋 20.Follow my nose.凭直觉

21.Cheap skate.小气鬼！ 22.Big mouth.多嘴。

23.I'm going to go.我这就去。 24.can-do 能人

25.Leave me alone.别理我。 26.Don't pa the buck.不要推卸责任

27.I can't put up with her.我受不了她。

28.She is just thick-skinned.她真是厚脸皮。

29.I see eye to eye with you.我与你的意见一致。

30.We are on good terms.我们关系很好。

31.Many people.many tastes.各有所好。

32.One man's meat is another man's poison.对一个好的事对另外的人并不是好事。

33.Many hands make light work.人多好干活。 34.I won't live on the handouts of other people.我不会靠人家的施舍过活。

35.He is on his high horse these days.他这几天有点趾高气昂。

36.You give him an inch and he will take a mile.得寸进尺。

37.He is a fast talker.他是个吹牛大王。

38.I can't make two ends meet.青黄不接 月光一族

39.None of your keyhole.不准偷看。

eggache蛋疼

Smilence笑而不语 Togayther终成眷属 Democrazy痴心妄想 shitizen屁民

Innernet中国互联网

Departyment（政府）有关部门

Chinsumer 在国外疯狂购物的中国人 Emotionormal 情绪稳定 Sexretary 女秘书 Halfyuan五毛 canclensor 审查 Wall· e 防火墙 围观 Circusee

vegeteal 偷菜 yakshit 亚克西 animale 男人天性 corpspend 捞尸费 suihide 躲猫猫 niubility 牛逼

antizen蚁民

gunvernment枪杆子政权 propoorty房地产 stuck market 股市 livelihard生活 stupig笨猪 Z-turn 折腾

Don'train 动车 Foulsball 中国足球 Freedamn 自由

Gambller 干部 Goveruption 政府 Harmany 河蟹 Profartor 叫兽

sporting house 妓院（不是“体育室”）lover 情人（不是“爱人”）

busboy 餐馆勤杂工（不是“公汽售票员”） busybody 爱管闲事的人（不是“大忙人”）

dry goods （美）纺织品；（英）谷物（不是“干货”） heartman 换心人（不是“有心人”）blind date （由第三者安排的）男女初次会面（并非“盲目约会”或“瞎约会”）personal remark 人身攻击（不是“个人评论”）confidence man 骗子（不是“信得过的人”）service station 加油站（不是“服务站”）dreing room 化妆室（不是“试衣室”或“更衣室”）capital idea 好主意（不是“资本主义思想”）black art 妖术（不是“黑色艺术”）white coal （作动力来源用的）水（不是“白煤”）yellow book 黄皮书（法国政府报告书，以黄纸为封）（不是“黄色书籍”）green hand 新手（不是“绿手”）

China policy 对华政策（不是“中国政策”）American beauty 一种玫瑰，名为“美国丽人”（不是“美国美女”）Indian summer 愉快宁静的晚年（不是“印度的夏日”）Spanish athlete 吹牛的人（不是“西班牙运动员”）- in one's birthday suit 赤身裸体（不是“穿着生日礼服”）an apple of love 西红柿（不是“爱情之果”）bring down the house 博得全场喝彩（不是“推倒房子”）make one's hair stand on end 令人毛骨悚然—恐惧（不是“令人发指——气愤”）think a great deal of oneself 高看或看重自己（不是“为自己想得很多”）have the heart to do （用于否定句）忍心做……不是“有心做”或“有意做”）You don't say! 是吗！（不是“你别说”）I haven't slept better.我睡得好极了。（不是“我从未睡过好觉”）It has been 4 years since I smoked.我戒烟４年了。（不是“我抽烟4年了”）People will be long forgetting her.人们在很长时间内会记住她的。（不是“人们会永远忘记她”）

It can't be le interesting.它无聊极了。（不是“它不可能没有趣

秒杀 second kill 潮流单品 trendy items 哈伦裤 Harem trousers T台 catwalk 连体裤 jumpsuits

角斗士凉鞋 Gladiator sandals 拜金女 material girls 钟摆族 pendulum clan

暴跌 nose dive（Today the stock market took a nose dive.） 伪娘cro-dreing male 预约券 reservation ticket 下午茶 high tea

铁公鸡，小气鬼 cheapskate 宿醉 hangover 微博 Microblog

裸婚 naked wedding 亚健康 sub-health平角裤 boxers 愤青 young cynic 网络钓鱼 phishing 跑腿 run errands 恩爱夫妻 Darby and Joan 急性子 shortfuse

第二把手 play the second fiddle 恶搞 spoof 相亲 blind date

灵魂伴侣 soul mate 小白脸 toy boy

精神出轨 soul infidelity 人肉搜索 flesh search 浪女 dillydally girl 公司政治 company politics

剩女 3S lady（single，seventies,stuck）/left girls 山寨 copycat

异地恋 long-distance relationship 性感妈妈 yummy mummy 钻石王老五 diamond bachelor 时尚达人 fashion icon 御宅 otaku

上相的,上镜头的 photogenic 脑残体 leetspeak 学术界 academic circle 哈证族 certificate maniac 偶像派 idol type

住房公积金 housing funds

个税起征点 individual income tax threshold 熟女 cougar（源自电影Cougar Club） 挑食者 picky-eater 伪球迷 fake fans 紧身服 straitjacket 团购 group buying 奉子成婚 shotgun marriage 婚前性行为 premarital sex 开博 to open a blog

家庭暴力 family/domestic volience 问题家具 problem furniture 炫富 flaunt wealth

决堤 breaching of the dike 上市 list share 赌球 soccer gambling 桑拿天 sauna weather 自杀 Dutch act 假发票 fake invoice 落后产能 outdated capacity 二房东 middleman landlord 入园难 kindergarten crunch 生态补偿 ecological compensation 金砖四国 BRIC countries 笑料 laughing stock 泰国香米 Thai fragrant rice

学历造假 fabricate academic credentials 泄洪 release flood waters

狂热的 gaga eg: I was gaga over his deep blue eyes when I first set eyes on him

防暑降温补贴 high temperature subsidy 暗淡前景 bleak prospects 文艺爱情片 chick flick 惊悚电影 slasher flick 房奴车奴 mortgage slave 上课开小差 zone out 万事通 know-it-all 毕业典礼 commencement 散伙饭 farewell dinner 毕业旅行 after-graduation trip 节能高效的 fuel-efficient 具有时效性的 time-efficient 死记硬背 cramming

很想赢 be hungry for succe 面子工程 face job 指甲油 nail varnish 囧 embarraed 灌水 Threadjacking

菜鸟，用来比喻网络新手newbie；

射手榜 top-scorer list 学历门槛 academic threshold 女学究 blue stocking 王牌主播 mainstay TV host 招牌菜 signature dishes 非正常死亡 exce death 影视翻拍 plays reshooting

四大文学名著 the four masterpieces of literature 城市热岛效应 urban heat island effect 逃学 play hooky, 装病不上班 play hooky from work 一线城市 first-tier cities

高考 the National College Entrance Examines 录取分数线 admiion scores 小型警车 panda car 老爷车 vintage car

保障性住房 indemnificatory housing 一决高下 Duke it out

差别电价 differential power prices 囤积居奇 hoarding and profiteering 灰色市场 Grey market 反倾销 anti-dumping 经济二次探底 double dip 吃白食的人 freeloader

橙色预警 orange signal warning 公关 public relation

不幸的日子，不吉利的日子 black-letter day 吉利的日子 saints' days 人肉搜索 flesh search 廉租房 low rent housing 限价房 capped-price housing 经适房 affordable housing 替罪羔羊 whipping boy 对口支援 partner aistance 扫把星 jinx

资本货物 capital goods 初级产品 primary goods 商业服务 commercial service 最终消费品 final consumption goods 原材料 raw material 制成品 manufactured goods 重工业 heavy industry 贸易顺差 trade surplus

外汇储备 foreign exchange reserve

潮人：trendsetter 发烧友： fancier 骨感美女：boney beauty 卡奴：card slave 蹦迪：disco dancing 电脑游戏迷：gamer 家庭主男：house-husband 小白脸，吃软饭的：kept man 二奶：kept woman

麦霸：Mic king / Mic queen

型男：metrosexual man（范指那些极度重视外貌而行为gay化的直男，型男属于其中的一种）

新新人类：new-new generation 另类：offbeat 菜鸟：rookie

“色”友（摄影爱好者）：shutterbug 驴友：tour pal 娘娘腔：siy

负翁：spend-more-than-earn 全职妈妈：stay-at-home mom 裸奔：streaking 80后：80's generation 百搭：all-match 肚皮舞：belly dance 片前广告：cinemads 角色扮演：cosplay 情侣装：couples dre 电子书：e-book 电子杂志：e-zine 胎教：fetal education 限时抢购：flash sale 合租：flat-share

期房：forward delivery housing 荧光纹身：glow tattoo 团购：group purchase 健商：HQ 扎啤：jug beer

八卦，丑闻：ki and tell 低腰牛仔裤：low-rise jeans 泡泡袜：loose socks 裸妆：nude look 普拉提：Pilates 黄牛票：scalped ticket 透视装：see-through dre 扫货：shopping spree

烟熏妆：smokey-eye make-up 水货：smuggled goods 热裤：tight pants 舌钉：tongue pin 纳米技术：nanotechnology 通灵：psychic

文凭热 degree craze 反腐败 anti-corruption 联合军演 joint military drill 财政赤字 budget deficit

拜倒在某人的石榴裙下 throw oneself at sb's feet 打破记录 break a record 创造新纪录 create a new record 终生学习lifelong learning 天气保险 weather insurance 正妹 hotty

对某人念念不忘 get the hots for 希望把好运带来给自己 touch wood

婚外恋 extramarital love; extramarital affair

职场冷暴力 emotional office abuse 赞助费 sponsorship fee

抚恤金 financial compensation，compensation payment 草莓族 Strawberry generation 草根总统 graroots president 点唱机 juke box

笨手笨脚 have two left feet 演艺圈 Showbiz

核遏制力 nuclear deterrence 试点，试运行 on a trial basis 精疲力竭 be dead on one's feet 软禁 be under house arrest 拼车 car-pooling 解除好友关系 unfriend v.发送色情短信 sexting 暴走 go ballistic

婚检 premarital check-up 天书 mumbo-jumbo 情意绵绵的 lovey-dovey

漂亮女人 tomato（俚语）；妖娆女子 cheese cake 懦夫 quitter（俚语） 母校 alma mater

非难 a kick in the pants 黑马 black horse

挥金如土 spend money like water 意外怀孕 unplanned pregnancy 人流 artificial abortion operation 避孕措施 contraceptives

生殖健康 reproductive health 海外代购 overseas purchasing 试镜 screen test 访谈节目 chat show 智力竞赛节目 quiz show 武侠片 martial arts film 封面报道 cover story 跳槽 jump ship 闪婚 flash marriage 闪电约会 speeddating 闪电恋爱 whirlwind romance 刻不容缓，紧要关头 crunch time 健身 bodybuilding 遮阳伞 parasol 人渣 scouring

头等舱 first-cla cabin

世界遗产名录 the world heritage list

乐活族 LOHAS（Lifestyle Of Health And Sustainability） 安乐死 euthanasia

私生子 an illegitimate child; a love child

一夜情 one-night stand 大虾 knowbie

潜水 lurk

帖子：post & thread 斑竹（论坛里的版主）：moderator

控制面板：control panel 表情：smiley 即时通讯（聊天）软件: Instant Meenger (IM)

博客圈： blogsphere 视频女：camgirl 垃圾邮件： spam

第20篇：英文

This year summer vacation, I read the American well-known writer Hemingway\'s novel \" old person and sea \".I extremely admire in the novel the senior fisherman\'s will, he let me understand one person certainly must have relentle spirit, only then could obtain succefully.

The novel description is one year near sixty years of age senior fisherman, when alone goes to sea in one fishing, fished one big fish, actually did not pull.The senior fisherman socialized several days after the fish, only then discovered this was the big marlin which one surpaed the oneself fishing boat several fold, although knew perfectly well very difficult to win, but still did not give up.Afterwards and further because in the big marlin wound fish fishy smell brought in several crowds of shark fish snatches the food, but the old person still did not hope like this to give up, finally highlighted encircles tightly, returned to the big fish belt the fishing port, lets other fishermen not admire already.

When I read \" the senior fisherman think: Here to the seacoast really was too near, perhaps could have a bigger fish in a farther place...\" When, I extremely admire this senior fisherman, because he by now already projected on some fish, but he had not settled to the present situation, but was approaches the bigger goal advance.Again has a look us, usually meets one slightly is difficult, we all complain inceantly.We will be the motherland future, will be supposed to like this old person same mind lofty aspiration, will even better pursue even better, the bigger goal.

When I read \" the big marlin start fast to gather round the young fishing boat hover, twined the cable on the mast, the old person right hand lifted up high the steel fork, leapt the water surface in it the flash, did utmost throws to its heart, one wail ended the big fish\'s life, it was static static floats on the water surface...\" When, my heart also liked together the big stone falls.I extremely admire old person that kind do not dread, the relentle spirit, although knows the match strength is very strong, but he not slightly flinches, but is welcomes difficultly above.Just because had this kind of spirit, the senior fisherman only then achieved this life and death contest succe.We also must study senior fisherman\'s spirit in life, handles the matter does not fear the difficulty, only then can obtain succefully.

Was reading the big fish\'s smell of blood is smelled by one crowd of shark fish, struggled swims snatches the food, old person\'s left hand happen to in the convulsions, he only could use the right hand, with wooden stick， the mouth and so on all was allowed to use for the weapon self-defense which attacked, and finally expelled this crowd of shark fish.But the big fish\'s meat was already eaten one most, but the old person also charmingly criticized oneself the left hand \" this work time actually was resting \" time, I also was subdued by the old person optimistic spirit.In the life, some loes are inevitable, we should treat by the optimistic manner, cannot be calculating.

Finally, the novel sees by one youth the senior fisherman fully has 18 foot long big marlin in the measure, once more described this fish\'s hugene, explained senior fisherman overcomes the difficulty was big, non- was more common than.

The novel eulogized the spirit which the senior fisherman fear hard and dangerous diligently did not struggle, we also should like his such, could not satisfy the present situation, should positively to above, do any matter all is relentle, meets difficultly must welcome difficultly above, could give up halfway in no way.Only has this, we only then can obtain a bigger succe and the victory.

4，My comments and some ideas I have already heard of this masterpiece for many years,peope love it,prise it,and respect it.But when I finished it,at the first moment,I just wonder:Actually,Our human-beings don’t know what we really want,what we dream for,and what we fight for.Many people admit and prise this belief that the man is not made for defeat,,a man can be destroyed but not defeated,but what about other creatures in the world,to some extense,in the whole universe?No matter what kind of person we are,or how small or humble we are,it doesn’t matter.What matters most is whether we know what we want to purchase through our life.At finally,what impreed me a lot is that child with great naïve and loveline!The child took the beautiful and bright days back for the old man.We human beings are really a kind of strange creature.We can accept death,but when facing the failure,it will call for all of our strenth and courage.What’s I want to say at the end of this report is that:don’t hesitate any more!Enjoy yourself and your beautiful,even gray days!

An old man sailed on sea for ages, only to bring back a large coloal marlin skeleton，a worn-out boat, and his exhausted body.In Ernest Hemingway’s novel , there is only simple plot, and characters pure as water drops.However, no battle can be more glorious , and no story can be more appealing than it.I firmly refer it to story of hero.

“A man can be destroyed, but he can never be defeated.” The strong notes came out not from the old man’s mouth, but from the bottom of his heart.

Though he doesn’t accomplish his initial goal, he is not a failure.On the contrary, he is remembered as, hero.

Yes, no one can doubt that when he defended for the skeleton of marlin in the billows; When he raised up his powerful arms, grabbing the harpoon when attacked by a troop of sharps; When his profound, sea-like eyes shines the fearle perseverance.

Though I don’t believe in fate, I believe that everything in the world has its limits.When encountering his limits, the old man doesn’t break down.He continues to sail, to fight, to push his boundaries, to challenge with fate and limits.

I realized that our own lives are just like a vast ocean, splendid and miraculous, but dangerous with reefs as well.The waves can push you to an unbelievable climax, but in a blink of eye, it can also take away all your happine without empathy.

So, when it comes to failure, most of us get cold feet conspicuously.As a matter of fact, those who fight with limits are born to be nearer to so-called “failure”.For example, those who have devoted themselves to exploring the mystery of nature invariably end up in vain.Those who are dedicated to reform the society is more likely to be the first sacrifice.Only those comfortably staying in their own limits are constantly succeeding.However, this kind of “succe” only dues to his rival has surrendered long before, or he himself has never engaged in the battle.No applause for this kind of “winning by default”.

After reading this book, I understand that during the course of life, failures only belong to the one that compromise to limits.As long as you haven’t lose heart, you still have faith, you still preserve in fighting against limits till the day your weapon is broken like the old man’s, little by little, inch by inch, you will push the boundaries of hinders forward, and one inch is sure to be a beautiful leap.And that is not how you grow up, but how you stand up on your own.And virtually, that is the way human beings evolve.

Chances are that life gives you little in rewards of your endeavors, and God may leave you with nothing but an empty marlin skeleton.But we ought to set the old man as our model; cling to his is attitude towards life through the changing era.Let’s dance on the wave of life, savor resolute in the gust of wind, and appreciate paion through the waves.For this is what life all about.

Remember, you have become a hero when you fight till the last moment!

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