林肯英文介绍
Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his aaination in April 1865.He succefully led his country through its greatest internal crisis, the American Civil War, preserving the Union and ending slavery.Before his election in 1860 as the first Republican president, Lincoln had been a country lawyer, an Illinois state legislator, a member of the United States House of Representatives, and twice an unsucceful candidate for election to the U.S.Senate.As an outspoken opponent of the expansion of slavery in the United States,[1][2] Lincoln won the Republican Party nomination in 1860 and was elected president later that year.His tenure in office was occupied primarily with the defeat of the seceionist Confederate States of America in the American Civil War.He introduced measures that resulted in the abolition of slavery, iuing his Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 and promoting the paage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution.Six days after the large-scale surrender of Confederate forces under General Robert E.Lee, Lincoln became the first American president to be aainated.Lincoln closely supervised the victorious war effort, especially the selection of top generals, including Ulyes S.Grant.Historians have concluded that he handled the factions of the Republican Party well, bringing leaders of each faction into his cabinet and forcing them to cooperate.Lincoln succefully defused the Trent affair, a war scare with Britain late in 1861.Under his leadership, the Union took control of the border slave states at the start of the war.Additionally, he managed his own reelection in the 1864 presidential election.Copperheads and other opponents of the war criticized Lincoln for refusing to compromise on the slavery iue.Conversely, the Radical Republicans, an abolitionist faction of the Republican Party, criticized him for moving too slowly in abolishing slavery.Even with these opponents, Lincoln succefully rallied public opinion through his rhetoric and speeches; his Gettysburg Addre (1863) became an iconic symbol of the nation\'s duty.At the close of the war, Lincoln held a moderate view of Reconstruction, seeking to speedily reunite the nation through a policy of generous reconciliation.Lincoln has consistently been ranked by scholars as one of the greatest of all U.S.Presidents.
