词形变换小结
一、形容词变副词的规则 1.一般情况下直接加―ly‖,如 quick---quickly
real-really
helpful-helpfully careful-carefully hopeful-hopefully slow-slowly
quick-quickly quiet-quietly
2.以辅音字母―y‖结尾的,先将―y‖改成―i‖,再加―ly‖,如happy---happily
busy-busily angry-angrily
easy-easily
3、以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以-ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e,然后再加-y或-ly。例如:
terrible-terribly; gentle-gently; simple→simply probable – probably; able-ably; true-truly
但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly。例如:polite-politely, wide-widely等。
另外,副词还可以由形容词加前缀a-得来,如:loud (adj.)-aloud (adv.)
4.以ll结尾的词 只加y full-fully dull→dully 以ic结尾的词 加ally
automatic-automatically energetic-energetically
democratic→democratically 有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。 daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early The Times is a daily paper.The Times is published daily.
此外,部分名词加后缀也可变成副词,如: part-partly,例句: It is partly her fault.有部分是她的错。需注意: friendly,deadly,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly , fatherly, motherly,lovely等是形容词而非副词。 形容词变副词通常是加ly,特殊变化请记住以下口诀:
一般直接加,―元e‖去e加,―辅y‖改i加,―le‖结尾e改y。 分别举例如下:
quick—quickly, true—truly, happy—happily, gentle — gently poible —poibly. probable — probably 在英语中,有些词既可以作形容词,又可以作副词,如early, much, fast, little, wide, loud, high, deep,hard等。由于这类词词性虽不同,但词形却一样,这就需要大家学会在特定语境中判断它们各自的词性。例句: Thank you very much.(adv.) 多谢。 There is much water in the river.(adj.)
The music is too loud.Please turn it down.(adj.) He speaks loud enough,So everyone in the room can hear what he said.(adv.) 他说话的声音很大,所以房间里每个人都能听到他的话。
兼有两种形式的副词
1) close与closely
close意思是\"近\"; closely 意思是\"仔细地\"
1 He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely. 2) late 与lately
late意思是\"晚\"; lately 意思是\"最近\" You have come too late.
What have you been doing lately? 3) deep与deeply
deep意思是\"深\",表示空间深度;deeply时常表示感情上的深度,\"深深地\" He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film. 4) high与highly
high表示空间高度;highly表示程度,相当于much The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion. 5) wide与widely
wide表示空间宽度;widely意思是\"广泛地\",\"在许多地方\" He opened the door wide.
English is widely used in the world. 6) free与freely
free的意思是\"免费\";freely 的意思是\"无限制地\" You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. You may speak freely; say what you like.
另外,还有一类副词和形容词词义相同,但拼写却不同,如well和good。例句 He speaks good English. 他讲一口流利的英语。 He speaks English well. 他英语讲得不错。
二、动词变名词小结
1.在词尾加er,r ,双写加er 或or: A.play — player, sing — singer
wait — waiter , find — finder B.write — writer, drive —driver
come — comer, explore — explorer
dance — dancer C.run — runner, win — winner
traval — travaller D.visit — visitor, invent — inventor 2.在词尾加ing:
build — building, draw —drawing end — ending, begin — beginning swim — swimming,skate — skating feel — feeling, say — saying, mean — meaning, cro — croing
2 surf — surfing, paint — painting
3.在词尾加ion 或去e加ion: 1)以-d或-de结尾的动词,在对应的名词和形容词中,d通常变成s,如: provide→provision, decide→decision
invade(侵略)→invasion
等等。 2)以-end结尾的动词,往往有-ent结尾的名词与之对应。如extend→extent,descend→descent,等等
3)以te结尾去e加ion,如: celebrate — celebration, educate — education graduate — graduation, donate — donation contribute — contribution invite — invitation congratulate — congratulation
operate — operation pollute —pollution appreciate — appreciation 以t结尾加ion,如:
attract — attraction
invent — invention instruct — instruction 注意:
describe — description discu — discuion produce — production, pronounce — pronunciation, organize — orgnization determine — determination impre — impreion 4.在词尾加 ment 结尾 achieve---achievement 成就 advertise--- advertisement 广告
agree— agreement协议 enjoy — enjoyment amuse—amusement 娱乐develop---development equip 装备---equipment 装备,器材
govern 统治—government 政府 manage---management 经营, 管理
argue---argument争吵
know — knowledge, please — pleasure practise —practice advise—advice die — death, succeed — succe
weigh — weight,sit — seat , fly — flight, discover — discovery, fail — failure, behave—behavior mix — mixture , pre —preure
appear — appearance,enter — entrance guide—guidance perform—performance
tour 在--- 旅游,在---作巡回演出 直接+地点 tour China ---tour 旅游/ tourist 游客
三、动词变形容词
1.词尾加ful: use – useful
carethankful peace – peaceful
forget – forgetful
succeed – succeful
wonderclosed, wound – wounded
relax – relaxed
develop – developed
appreciate – appreciated
interest – interested
usecrowded,
pollutesleeping frustrate – frustrating
relax — relaxing live – living 4.词尾变y为i,加ed: worrymarried,fryterrified satisfyknowledgeable, enjoysuitable adjustcomfortable 6.其它:
losefoolish, livesleepy / sleeping / asleep, waketasty speakbroken, dieaducational
四、名词变形容词
有时在名词之前或末尾加上不同的前缀或后缀就可以变为形容词。如: sleep(睡觉) →asleep (睡着的) →sleepy (瞌睡的,困乏的)
help(帮助)→helpful (有帮助的)等。下面就名词变为形容词的构成方法归纳如下: 1.名词加-y构成形容词。表示―充满……的‖ rain (雨水) →rainy (多雨的)
wind (风) →windy (多风的,风大的) cloud (云) →cloudy (多云的,阴天的)
snow (雪)→ snowy (多雪的)
sun (太阳)→ sunny (多阳光的,明朗的) [特别提醒:别忘了双写n] luck (运气)→ lucky (幸运的)
noise (嘈杂声) →noisy (嘈杂的,喧闹的) [特别提醒:别忘了去掉e] health (健康) →healthy (健康的) 2.名词加-ful构成形容词,表示肯定。
4 use (使用) →useful (有用的,有益的) help (帮助) →helpful (有帮助的,有益的) harm (伤害,损害) →harmful (有害的) forget (忘记) →forgetful (健忘的)
beauty (美丽) →beautiful (美丽的) [特别提醒:别忘了把-y变成-i,再加-ful] care (关心,小心)→careful (小心的,仔细的) pain (疼痛)→painful (疼痛的) wonder (惊奇 ) →wonderful (极好的) color (颜色) →colorful (多彩的;色彩艳丽的) thank (感谢) →thankful (感激的,欣赏的) 3.名词加-le构成形容词,表示否定。 use (用处) →usele (无用的)
care (关心,小心) →carele (粗心的) harm (伤害,损害)→ harmle (无害的) help (帮助) →helple (无助的,无用的)
4.名词加-ly构成形容词,这种形容词常具有赞美的意味。 friend (朋友) →friendly (友好的)
love (爱) →lovely (可爱的)
father (父亲) → fatherly (严父般 的 brother (兄弟) → brotherly (兄弟般的) 5.在某些名词后加-ous构成形容词,表示―具有……的性质的‖
danger (危险) →dangerous (危险的) courage → courageous (英勇的) fame (名声,名望) →famous (著名的) [特别提醒:别忘了去掉e] 6.名词加-en构成形容词,表示由某种物质形成,在句中作定语或表语。 wool (羊毛) →woolen (羊毛的)
wood (木头) →wooden (木制的)
gold (金子) →golden (金子般的) earth (土地) → earthen(土制的) 7.名词+ able adjustable 可调整的 comfort---comfortable knowledge---knowledgeable suit 一套-----suitable 合适的 8.ce 变 t
confidence----confident difference---different importance—important independence—independent diligence—diligent intelligence—intelligent 9.在名词词尾加-al 构成形容词,例如: nature – natural , nation – national
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