浅析目前建筑机械施工存在问题及改进措施中英文 Analysis of the current construction machinery construction problems and improvement measures
建筑行业在我国近十年获得了飞速发展，建筑行业的施工质量和效率不断地引起了行业内的关注。为了不断地提高建筑施工水平，大量的建筑机械投入到建筑施工中。建筑设备的应用不仅在工程施工技术方面带来了发展，并且对于减轻施工压力起到促进作用。目前，应用较为广泛的建筑施工机械主要包括：泵车、起重机、工程机械和升降机等，这些机械的运行状态直接决定了工程的质量和效率。关于建筑机械使用分析中，我国相关专业人员研究了合理进行调控设备的基本策，并针对特殊机械设计了管理方案。本文在此基础上，分析目前建筑机械施工存在问题，并结合工作实际管理经验提出改进措施，为建筑机械使用提供理论指导。
The construction industry in our country nearly ten years the rapid development of the construction industry, the construction quality and efficiency continue to cause industry attention.In order to improve the construction level, construction machinery and huge investment to construction.Application of construction equipment in the construction technology not only brings development, and to promote action to reduce construction preure.At present, construction machinery widely used mainly include: pump truck, crane, engineering machinery and lifting, running state of the machine directly determines the quality and efficiency of projects.Analysis of construction machinery in use, our country related studies basic policy reasonable control equipment, and in view of the special machine design the management scheme.On this basis, analyzed the existing problems of construction machinery construction at present, and connecting with the working practice experience of management and puts forward the improvement measures, to provide theoretical guidance for the use of construction machinery.
一、建筑机械使用存在的问题分析
Analysis of the existing problems, the use of a construction machinery
机械设备的合理使用和管理是建筑行业施工管理的重要内容。在我国不断投入 1
机械设备使用的过程中，由于缺乏切实有效的管理方法，导致了机械设备使用过程中出现失误，引发一系列的安全施工，存在的问题主要如下：
Rational use and management of mechanical equipment is an important content of the construction management of building industry.In the proce of our continuous investment in machinery and equipment in use, due to the lack of practical management methods, led to the failure proce in mechanical equipment, construction safety caused a series of problems, mainly as follows:
（一）操作人员缺乏指导，出现违章操作
( a ) the operator is lack of guidance, the emergence of illegal operation
建筑机械设备由于功率大，作业载荷重，若在使用过程中不正确操作很容易引发安全事故。目前，从事建筑机械设备操作的人员基本为临时接受培训，缺乏专业机械使用知识，在使用和操作建筑机械过程中不能严格执行使用说明，从而造成机械设备的损坏，甚至造成人员的伤亡。
Construction machinery and equipment due to large power, heavy work load, if in the proce of using incorrect operation is very easy to cause the safety accident.At present, in the construction machinery and equipment operating personnel for temporary training, lack of profeional mechanical knowledge, not strictly implement the instructions in the use and operation of construction machinery proce, thereby causing damage to machinery and equipment, and even cause casualties.
（二）机械设备管理不当，不能保证设备的正常使用 在建筑机械使用过程中，缺乏合理的管理会造成机械设备使用寿命大幅下降。由于施工方过度重视工程的施工进度，不能考虑机械设备的管理方案，使机械设备得不到适当休整，一直处于工作状态。并且，使用过程中缺乏合理的维护工作，例如，对于作业载荷重的设备要定期进行关键运动部位的润滑和除杂质。
（三）缺乏机械设备检测措施，管理存在漏洞
( two ) mechanical equipment management is undeserved, can not guarantee the normal operation of the device used in construction machinery proce, lack of proper management will cause the service life of the mechanical equipment dropped.Because the construction side attach too much importance to the construction progre of the project, management scheme of mechanical equipment can not be taken into
account, the mechanical equipment is not properly rest, always in working state.And, in the proce of using the lack of reasonable maintenance work, for example, for the equipment work load to regularly carry out key moving parts of lubrication and impurities.( three ) the lack of mechanical equipment inspection measures, the existence of loopholes in management
机械设备随着使用时间的增加，故障率会不断地增加。在建筑机械使用过程中，若机械设备出现故障，大多数情况都会出现警示信号。对于高负载的作业机械，机械结构部件很容易出现变形和裂纹，在使用过程中若不能及时发现这些故障信号，就会导致设备进一步恶化，出现设备的损坏。
Mechanical equipment with increased use of time, the failure rate will continue to increase.In the construction machinery in use proce, if the equipment failure, in most cases will appear warning signal.For high load operation machinery, mechanical components are prone to deformation and crack, in use proce, if not timely detection of the fault signal, will lead to further deterioration of equipment, equipment damage.
（四）机械设备安装工程技术落后，导致施工存在安全隐患机械设备的安装工程对于建筑机械设备正常工作有着重要的作用，只有保证设备初始的安装才能进一步加强设备的应用管理。在目前的建筑施工过程中，机械设备安装技术人员技术落后，安装过程中不注意细节，并且在安装完的调试阶段存在缺陷，严重威胁着设备的安全作业。并且，对于安装存在细微的失误不容易被察觉，只有在后期的应用中才会出现明显信号，给安装工程带来了严峻挑战。
( four ) mechanical equipment installation engineering technology is backward, causing installation hidden safety problems of machinery and equipment for construction machinery and equipment normal work plays an important role, only to ensure application management to install equipment initial further strengthen equipment.In the construction proce of the technical personnel, mechanical equipment installation technology is backward, the details do not pay attention to the installation proce, and there are defects in the installation of debugging phase, a serious threat to the safe operation of equipment.And, for installation in a tiny mistake is not easy to be detected, will appear obvious signal only in the latter part of the application, has brought serious challenges to the installation engineering.二、建筑机械的管理分析
Analysis of two, construction machinery management
加强建筑机械的管理，提高企业对核心设备的掌控能力，发挥出机械设备的最大作用，不断地提升企业的施工能力和竞争力。因此，建筑施工企业必须结合企业设备的拥有情况，展开使用调查，并根据具体的使用情况提出改善意见。本文通过实际工作经验，提出的改进管理措施主要如下：
Strengthen the construction machinery management, improve the ability to control the core equipment busine, play the biggest role of machinery and equipment, continuously improve the ability of construction and competitivene of enterprises.Therefore, the construction enterprises must combine enterprise equipment owned, using survey, and according to the use of specific recommendations for improvement.In this paper, through practical work experience, improve the management measures are proposed as follows:
（一）建立全方位的建筑机械施工管理信息系统信息管理是目前建筑机械管理中重要发展方向，构建机械设备的管理系统有着重要的意义。通过调查企业现所拥有的机械设备，形成管理设备系统策略，主要内容包括：定期输入机械设备的使用时间、运营状况、设备的使用说明和设备的安全操作规章等内容，并且系统能够自动报警，输出管理信息，帮助管理人员进行决策设备的管理问题。另外，系统应包含新设备引入模块，帮助管理者从设备开始使用阶段进行全方位的管理。
( a ) the establishment of a full range of construction machinery and construction management information system of information management is the management of construction machinery is an important direction of development, has the vital significance to construct mechanical equipment management system.Through the investigation of enterprises now have the machinery and equipment, the formation of equipment management system strategy, the main contents include: regular input instructions and equipment using time, operation conditions, equipment machinery and equipment of the safety operation regulations, and the system will automatically alarm, output management information, management iues to help managers make decisions of equipment.In addition, the system should include new equipment
introduction module, help managers began using the stage for a full range of management from equipment.
（二）加强安全管理，制定有效的安全管理内容机械设备的安全管理关系着整个工程的成败，在施工过程中应制定详细的安全管理内容。安全管理应包含设备从开始投入生产，到正常施工，再到维护和维修，形成全时段的安全管理策略。并且，安全管理中应制定重点管理设备清单，采取更加周到的监管措施。
( two ) to strengthen safety management, safety management to develop safety management content of mechanical equipment and effective relationship with the succe of the project, in the construction proce should formulate the detailed content of safety management.Safety management should include equipment from start of production, to the normal construction, and then to the maintenance and repair, safety management strategy to form all the time.And, should make the key management equipment list of safety management, take a more thoughtful and regulatory measures.
（三）构建人员管理机制，保证合理的使用和管理设备对于建筑机械所涉及的工作人员分为操作人员、设备管理人员和设备维护人员，应构建所有人员的工作职责机制，保证每一位员工能够在工作岗位上发挥正常作用。对于操作人员应形成良好的培训机制，保证操作人员的技术能够适应机械设备技术的发展。管理人员应对整个施工的机械设备保持实时的管理和操控，能够及时的发现设备存在问题并采取应急措施。设备维护人员不仅要在设备出现故障时发挥作用，而且要到设备施工现场，进行设备的运行状况调查。
( three ) construction of the management mechanism, to ensure rational use and management of equipment involved in construction machinery staff is divided into operating personnel, equipment management and equipment maintenance personnel, should construct the responsibility mechanism of all personnel, to ensure every employee can play a role in normal work.The operator should form a good training mechanism, ensure the operation of the technical staff to adapt to the development of machinery technology.Management personnel to deal with the whole construction machinery and equipment to maintain real-time management and control, can be found on equipment problems and take emergency measures.Equipment maintenance
personnel should not only play a role in equipment failure, but also to the equipment in the construction field, survey equipment operating conditions.
随着建筑施工对技术要求越来越高，加强施工过程管理有着特殊的意义。在关于机械设备的使用分析中，不断的发现设备存在问题，提出改进和预防措施是建筑机械管理的核心工作。此外，建立信息管理系统，加强安全管理，构建人员管理机制，逐步提高设备管理技术，以适应市场竞争激烈的要求大力推行现代设备管理，积极学习和推广应用先进的管理理论和经验。
With the construction of the technical requirements more and more high, has a special significance to strengthen the management of the construction proce.In the use of machinery and equipment, the equipment is found existing problems, puts forward improvement and preventive measures is the core work of construction machinery management.In addition, the establishment of information management system, strengthen safety management, construction personnel management mechanism, and gradually improve the equipment management technology, to adapt to the demands of the market competitive vigorously promote the modern equipment management, actively study and application of advanced management theory and experience.
