中华人民共和国反不正当竞争法
１９９３年９月２日第八届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第三次会议通 过
目 录
第一章 总 则
第二章 不正当竞争行为
第三章 监督检查
第四章 法律责任
第五章 附 则
第一章 总 则
第一条 为保障社会主义市场经济健康发展，鼓励和保护公平竞争， 制止不正当竞争行为，保护经营者和消费者的合法权益，制定本法。
第二条 经营者在市场交易中，应当遵循自愿、平等、公平、诚实信 用的原则，遵守公认的商业道德。
本法所称的不正当竞争，是指经营者违反本法规定，损害其他经营者 的合法权益，扰乱社会经济秩序的行为。
本法所称的经营者，是指从事商品经营或者营利性服务（以下所称商 品包括服务）的法人、其他经济组织和个人。
第三条 各级人民政府应当采取措施，制止不正当竞争行为，为公平竞争创造良好的环境和条件。
县级以上人民政府工商行政管理部门对不正当竞争行为进行监督检 查；法律、行政法规规定由其他部门监督检查的，依照其规定。
第四条 国家鼓励、支持和保护一切组织和个人对不正当竞争行为进 行社会监督。
国家机关工作人员不得支持、包庇不正当竞争行为。
第二章 不正当竞争行为
第五条 经营者不得采用下列不正当手段从事市场交易，损害竞争对 手：
（一）假冒他人的注册商标；
（二）擅自使用知名商品特有的名称、包装、装潢，或者使用与知名 商品近似的名称、包装、装潢，造成和他人的知名商品相混淆，使购买者 误认为是该知名商品；
（三）擅自使用他人的企业名称或者姓名，引人误认为是他人的商品；
（四）在商品上伪造或者冒用认证标志、名优标志等质量标志，伪造 产地，对商品质量作引人误解的虚假表示。
第六条 公用企业或者其他依法具有独占地位的经营者，不得限定他 人购买其指定的经营者的商品，以排挤其他经营者的公平竞争。
第七条 政府及其所属部门不得滥用行政权力，限定他人购买其指定 的经营者的商品，限制其他经营者正当的经营活动。
政府及其所属部门不得滥用行政权力，限制外地商品进入本地市场， 或者本地商品流向外地市场。
第八条 经营者不得采用财物或者其他手段进行贿赂以销售或者购买 商品。在帐外暗中给予对方单位或者个人回扣的，以行贿论处；对方单位 或者个人在帐外暗中收受回扣的，以受贿论处。
经营者销售或者购买商品，可以以明示方式给对方折扣，可以给中间 人佣金。经营者给对方折扣、给中间人佣金的，必须如实入帐。接受折扣、佣金的经营者必须如实入帐。
第九条 经营者不得利用广告或者其他方法，对商品的质量、制作成 分、性能、用途、生产者、有效期限、产地等作引人误解的虚假宣传。
广告的经营者不得在明知或者应知的情况下，代理、设计、制作、发 布虚假广告。
第十条 经营者不得采用下列手段侵犯商业秘密：
（一）以盗窃、利诱、胁迫或者其他不正当手段获取权利人的商业秘 密；
（二）披露、使用或者允许他人使用以前项手段获取的权利人的商业 秘密；
（三）违反约定或者违反权利人有关保守商业秘密的要求，披露、使 用或者允许他人使用其所掌握的商业秘密。
第三人明知或者应知前款所列违法行为，获取、使用或者披露他人的 商业秘密，视为侵犯商业秘密。
本条所称的商业秘密，是指不为公众所知悉、能为权利人带来经济利 益、具有实用性并经权利人采取保密措施的技术信息和经营信息。
第十一条 经营者不得以排挤竞争对手为目的，以低于成本的价格销 售商品。
有下列情形之一的，不属于不正当竞争行为：
（一）销售鲜活商品；
（二）处理有效期限即将到期的商品或者其他积压的商品；
（三）季节性降价；
（四）因清偿债务、转产、歇业降价销售商品。
第十二条 经营者销售商品，不得违背购买者的意愿搭售商品或者附 加其他不合理的条件。
第十三条 经营者不得从事下列有奖销售：
（一）采用谎称有奖或者故意让内定人员中奖的欺骗方式进行有奖销 售；
（二）利用有奖销售的手段推销质次价高的商品；
（三）抽奖式的有奖销售，最高奖的金额超过五千元。
第十四条 经营者不得捏造、散布虚伪事实，损害竞争对手的商业信 誉、商品声誉。
第十五条 投标者不得串通投标，抬高标价或者压低标价。
投标者和招标者不得相互勾结，以排挤竞争对手的公平竞争。
第三章 监督检查
第十六条 县级以上监督检查部门对不正当竞争行为，可以进行监督 检查。
第十七条 监督检查部门在监督检查不正当竞争行为时，有权行使下 列职权：
（一）按照规定程序询问被检查的经营者、利害关系人、证明人，并 要求提供证明材料或者与不正当竞争行为有关的其他资料；
（二）查询、复制与不正当竞争行为有关的协议、帐册、单据、文件、记录、业务函电和其他资料；
（三）检查与本法第五条规定的不正当竞争行为有关的财物，必要时 可以责令被检查的经营者说明该商品的来源和数量，暂停销售，听候检查， 不得转移、隐匿、销毁该财物。
第十八条 监督检查部门工作人员监督检查不正当竞争行为时，应当 出示检查证件。
第十九条 监督检查部门在监督检查不正当竞争行为时，被检查的经 营者、利害关系人和证明人应当如实提供有关资料或者情况。
第四章 法律责任
第二十条 经营者违反本法规定，给被侵害的经营者造成损害的，应 当承担损害赔偿责任，被侵害的经营者的损失难以计算的，赔偿额为侵权 人在侵权期间因侵权所获得的利润；并应当承担被侵害的经营者因调查该 经营者侵害其合法权益的不正当竞争行为所支付的合理费用。
被侵害的经营者的合法权益受到不正当竞争行为损害的，可以向人民 法院提起诉讼。
第二十一条 经营者假冒他人的注册商标，擅自使用他人的企业名称 或者姓名，伪造或者冒用认证标志、名优标志等质量标志，伪造产地，对 商品质量作引人误解的虚假表示的，依照《中华人民共和国商标法》、《中 华人民共和国产品质量法》的规定处罚。
经营者擅自使用知名商品特有的名称、包装、装潢，或者使用与知名 商品近似的名称、包装、装潢，造成和他人的知名商品相混淆，使购买者 误认为是该知名商品的，监督检查部门应当责令停止违法行为，没收违法 所得，可以根据情节处以违法所得一倍以上三倍以下的罚款；情节严重的， 可以吊销营业执照；销售伪劣商品，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
第二十二条 经营者采用财物或者其他手段进行贿赂以销售或者购买 商品，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任；不构成犯罪的，监督检查部门可 以根据情节处以一万元以上二十万元以下的罚款，有违法所得的，予以没 收。
第二十三条 公用企业或者其他依法具有独占地位的经营者，限定他 人购买其指定的经营者的商品，以排挤其他经营者的公平竞争的，省级或 者设区的市的监督检查部门应当责令停止违法行为，可以根据情节处以五 万元以上二十万元以下的罚款。被指定的经营者借此销售质次价高商品或 者滥收费用的，监督检查部门应当没收违法所得，可以根据情节处以违法 所得一倍以上三倍以下的罚款。
第二十四条 经营者利用广告或者其他方法，对商品作引人误解的虚 假宣传的，监督检查部门应当责令停止违法行为，消除影响，可以根据情 节处以一万元以上二十万元以下的罚款。
广告的经营者，在明知或者应知的情况下，代理、设计、制作、发布 虚假广告的，监督检查部门应当责令停止违法行为，没收违法所得，并依 法处以罚款。
第二十五条 违反本法第十条规定侵犯商业秘密的，监督检查部门应 当责令停止违法行为，可以根据情节处以一万元以上二十万元以下的罚款。
第二十六条 经营者违反本法第十三条规定进行有奖销售的，监督检 查部门应当责令停止违法行为，可以根据情节处以一万元以上十万元以下 的罚款。
第二十七条 投标者串通投标，抬高标价或者压低标价；投标者和招 标者相互勾结，以排挤竞争对手的公平竞争的，其中标无效。监督检查部 门可以根据情节处以一万元以上二十万元以下的罚款。
第二十八条 经营者有违反被责令暂停销售，不得转移、隐匿、销毁 与不正当竞争行为有关的财物的行为的，监督检查部门可以根据情节处以 被销售、转移、隐匿、销毁财物的价款的一倍以上三倍以下的罚款。
第二十九条 当事人对监督检查部门作出的处罚决定不服的，可以自 收到处罚决定之日起十五日内向上一级主管机关申请复议；对复议决定不 服的，可以自收到复议决定书之日起十五日内向人民法院提起诉讼；也可 以直接向人民法院提起诉讼。
第三十条 政府及其所属部门违反本法第七条规定，限定他人购买其 指定的经营者的商品、限制其他经营者正当的经营活动，或者限制商品在 地区之间正常流通的，由上级机关责令其改正；情节严重的，由同级或者 上级机关对直接责任人员给予行政处分。被指定的经营者借此销售质次价 高商品或者滥收费用的，监督检查部门应当没收违法所得，可以根据情节 处以违法所得一倍以上三倍以下的罚款。
第三十一条 监督检查不正当竞争行为的国家机关工作人员滥用职 权、玩忽职守，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任；不构成犯罪的，给予行 政处分。
第三十二条 监督检查不正当竞争行为的国家机关工作人员徇私舞 弊，对明知有违反本法规定构成犯罪的经营者故意包庇不使他受追诉的， 依法追究刑事责任。
第五章 附 则
第三十三条 本法自１９９３年１２月１日起施行。
Law of the People's Republic of China for Countering
UnfairCompetition (Adopted at the Third Seion of the Standing Committee of
theEighth National People's Congre and Promulgated on September 2,
1993) Whole document
of the People's Republic of China for Countering Unfair
etition
pted at the Third Seion of the Standing Committee of the
th National People's Congre and Promulgated on September 2,
1993)
Chapter 1 General Provisions
cle 1
With a view to safeguarding the healthy development of the
socialist
et economy, encouraging and protecting fair competition,
stopping acts
nfair competition, and defending the lawful rights and
interests of
ators and consumers, this Law is enacted.
cle 2
In carrying on transactions in the market, operators shall
follow the
ciple of voluntarine, equality, fairne, honesty and
credibility,
observe generally recognized busine ethics.
Unfair competition in this Law refers to acts of operators
which
ravene the provisions of this Law, with a result of
damaging the
ul rights and interests of other operators, and
disturbing the
o-econimic order.
Operators in this Law refer to legal persons, other
economic
nizations and individuals engaging in the trading of
goods or
it-making services.(Goods mentioned below include services.)
cle 3
The people's governments at various levels shall adopt
measures to
acts of unfair competition, and create a salutary
environment and
itions for fair competition.
The administrative authorities for industry and commerce
in the
le's governments above the county-level shall monitor and
investigate
of unfair competition.In respect of those acts which, according
to
provisions of various laws and administrative regulations,
shall be
tored and investigated by other departments, these provisions
shall be
ed by.
cle 4
The State encourages, supports and protects all
organizations and
viduals in carrying out social monitoring of acts of
unfair
etition.
Staff members of state organs shall not support or cover up
acts of
ir competition.
Chapter 2 Acts of Unfair Competition
cle 5
Operators shall not adopt any of the following unfair means to
carry
ransactions in the market and cause damage to competitors:
(1) Paing off the registered trademarks of others;
(2) using, without authorization, the names, packaging or
decoration
liar to well-known goods or using names, packaging or
decoration
lar to those of well-known goods so that their goods are confused
with
well-known goods of others, causing buyers to mistake them
for the
-known goods of others;
(3) using, without authorization, the enterprise names or
personal
s of others on their own goods, leading purchasers to mistake
them
the goods of others;
(4) Forging or falsely using, on their goods, symbols of quality
such
ymbols of authentication and symbols of famous and high-quality
goods,
ifying the origin of their goods, and making false
representations
h are misleading as to the quality of the goods.
cle 6
Public utility enterprises or other operators having
monopolistic
us according to law shall not force others to buy the goods of
the
ators designated by them so as to exclude other
operators from
eting fairly.
cle 7
A local government and its subordinate departments shall not
abuse
r administrative power to force others to buy the goods
of the
ators designated by them so as to restrict the lawful
busine
vities of other operators.
A local government and its subordinate departments shall not
abuse
r administrative power to restrict the entry of goods from other
parts
he country into the local market or the flow of local goods to
markets
ther parts of the country.
cle 8
An operator shall not practice bribery by using money,
valuables or
r means to sell or buy goods.Where an operator secretly
pays a
back to the other party, be it an entity or individual, off the
book,
r he shall be punished for offering a bribe; where the other party,
be
n entity or individual, secretly accepts a kickback off the book,
it
e shall be punished for taking a bribe.
In the selling or buying of goods, any operator may expre
clearly
or his intention to offer a discount to the other party and
pay a
iion to the middlemen.Where an operator gives a discount
to the
r party as pays a commiion to the middlemen, it or he must enter
the
s in the book factually.An operator accepting a
discount or
iion must enter it in the book facually.
cle 9
An operator shall not use advertisement or other means to give
false,
eading information on the quality, composition,
performance, use,
facturer, useful life, origin, etc.of the goods.
An advertisement operator shall not act as an agent for
designing,
ucing and releasing false advertisements where they clearly
know, or
ld know, that the information in the advertisements is false.
cle 10
An operator shall not adopt any of the following means to infringe
on
busine secrets of others:
(1) obtaining busine secrets from the owner of the
right by
ling, promising of gain, resorting to coercion or other
illegitimate
s;
(2) disclosing, using or allowing others to use the busine
secrets
he owner of the right obtained by the means mentioned in the
preceding
;
(3) disclosing, using or allowing others to use the busine
secrets
it has obtained by breaking an engagement or
disregarding the
irements of the owner of the right to preserve the busine
secrets.
Where a third party obtains, uses or discloses the busine
secrets of
rs when it or he has or should have full knowledge of the illegal
acts
ioned in the preceding section, it or he shall be deemed to
have
inged on the busine secrets of others.
Busine secrets in this Article refer to the technical
information
operational information which is not known to the public,
which is
ble of bringing economic benefits to the owners of the rights,
which
practical applicability and which the owners of the rights have
taken
ures to keep secret.
cle 11
An operator shall not sell its or his goods at a price that is
below
cost for the purpose of excluding its or his competitors.
In any of the following events, such sales do not come under acts
of
ir competition:
(1) Selling fresh goods;
(2) disposing of goods the useful life of which is about to expire,
or
ther overstocked goods;
(3) seasonal lowering of prices;
(4) selling goods at lowered prices for paying off debts, changing
the
of production or closing the busine.
cle 12
In selling its or his goods, an operator shall not make a tie-in
sale
nst the wish of the buyer or attach other unreasonable
conditions.
cle 13
An operator shall not make any of the following kinds of sales
with
es attached:
(1) making sales with prizes attached by the fraudulent
method of
ely claiming the existence of prizes or intentionally
causing
iously chosen people to win the prizes;
(2) promoting the sale of inferior but high-prized goods by
offering
es;
(3) making sales with prizes attached in the form of a lottery
where
amount for the highest prize exceeds RMB 5,000 Yuan.
cle 14
An operator shall not utter or dieminate falsehoods to
damage the
will of a competitor or the reputation of its or his goods.
cle 15
Tenderers shall not submit tenders in collusion with one
another to
e the tender price up or down.
A tenderer shall not collaborate with the party inviting
tenders to
ude competitors from fair competition.
Chapter 3 Control and Inspection
cle 16
The control and inspection authorities above the county
level may
cise control over and carry out inspection of acts
of unfair
etition.
cle 17
In monitoring and investigating acts of unfair
competition, the
rol and inspection authorities are entitled to exercise the
following
tions and powers:
(1) questioning the operators under investigation, interested
parties
witnees in accordance with the prescribed procedures and
requiring
to provide evidential material or other information related to
acts
nfair competition;
(2) Consulting and copying written agreements, account
books,
ipts, bills, vouchers, invoices, documents, records,
busine
espondence and other materials related to acts of unfair
competition;
(3) inspecting property related to acts of unfair
competition as
ulated in Article 5 of this Law, and, where neceary,
requesting
r operators under investigation to explain the source and
quantity of
goods, to temporarily stop selling them pending inspection, and
not to
ve, conceal or destroy them.
cle 18
When monitoring and investigating acts of unfair competition,
members
he control and inspection authorities shall produce
warrants of
ection.
cle 19
When the control and inspection authorities are
monitoring and
stigating acts of unfair competition, the
operators under
stigation, interested parties and witnees shall truthfully
provide
with relevant data or information. Chapter 4 Legal Responsibility
cle 20
Where an operator, in contravention of the provisions of this
Law,
es damage to another operator, i.e., the injured party, it
or he
l bear the responsibility for compensating for the damages.Where
the
es suffered by the injured operator are difficult to calculate,
the
nt of damages shall be the profit gained by the infringer during
the
od of infringement through the infringing act.The infringer
shall
bear all reasonable costs paid by the injured
operator in
stigating the acts of unfair competition committed by the
operator
ected of infringing its or his lawful rights and interests.
When the lawful rights and interests of the injured
operator are
ged by the acts of unfair competition, it or he may
institute
eedings in a people's court.
cle 21
Where an operator paes off the registered trademark of
another
on, uses the enterprise name or personal name of another
person
out authorization, counterfeits or fraudulently uses
symbols of
ity such as symbols of authentication and symbols of
famous and
-quality goods, falsifies the origin of the goods and makes
false
esentations which are misleading as to the quality of the goods,
it or
hall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the
Trademark
of the People's Republic of China and the Product Quality Law of
the
le's Republic of China.
Where an operator uses, without authorization, the name,
packaging or
ration peculiar to well-known goods or uses names,
packaging or
ration similar to those of well-known goods so that its or his
goods
confused with the well-known goods of others, causing
buyers to
ake them for the well-known goods, the relevant control and
inspection
orities shall order it or him to stop the offence,
confiscate the
gal income, and may impose, according to circumstances, a fine
of more
twice and le than three times the amount of illegal income;
where
circumstances are serious, the said authorities may revoke its
or his
ne license; Where an operator sells goods counterfeited
or of
rior quality, which constitutes a crime, it or he shall be
prosecuted
rding to law for its or his criminal responsibility.
cle 22
Where an operator practices bribery by using money, valuables or
other
s to sell or purchase goods, which constitutes a crime, he
shall be
ecuted according to law for his criminal responsibility; Where
the act
not constitute a crime, the relevant control and
inspection
rtment may, according to circumstances, impose a fine of more
them
10,000 yuan and le the RMB 200,000 yuan.Its or his illegal
income,
ny, shall be confiscated.
cle 23
Where public utility enterprises or other operators
having
polistic status according to law force others to buy the goods
of the
ators designated by them so as to prevent other
operators from
eting fairly, the control and inspection authorities at the
level of
inces or of municipalities which are divided into districts
shall
r them to desist from the illegal acts and may punish
them by
sing, according to circumstances, fines of more than RMB 50,000
yuan
le than RMB 200,000 yuan.Where the designated
operators take
ntage of the illegal arrangements to foist inferior but
high-priced
s on buyers or make exorbitant charges, the control and
inspection
orities shall confiscate the illegal income and may,
according to
umstances, impose fines of more than twice and le than three
times
illegal income.
cle 24
Where an operator uses advertisement or other means to give
false,
eading information on its goods, the relevant control and
inspection
ority shall order it or him to desist from the illegal act, dispel
the
influence, and may, according to circumstances, impose a fine of
more
RMB 10,000 yuan and le than RMB 200,000 yuan.
Where an advertisement operator acts as an agent in
designing,
ucing and releasing false advertisements when it or he clearly
knows,
hould know, that they are false, the relevant control and
inspection
ority shall order it or him to desist from the illegal act,
iscate its or his illegal income, and impose a fine on it
or him
rding to law.
cle 25
Where any party infringes on busine secrets in contravement of
the
isions of Article 10 of this Law, the relevant control and
inspection
ority shall order it or him to desist from the illegal act and
may,
rding to circumstances, impose on it or him a fine of more than
RMB
00 yuan but le than RMB 200,000 yuan.
cle 26
Where an operator makes sales with prizes attached in
contravention of
provisions of Article 13 of this Law, the relevant
control and
ection authority shall order it or him to desist from the illegal
act
may, according to circumstances, impose on it or him a fine of
more
RMB 10,000 yuan and le than RMB 100,000 yuan.
cle 27
Where tenderers submit tenders in collusion with one another to
force
tender price up or down, or where a tenderer collaborates
with the
y inviting tenders to prevent competitors from competing fairly,
its
is succeful bid is null and void.The control and
inspection
ority may, according to circumstances, impose on it or him a fine
of
than RMB 10,000 yuan and le than RMB 200,000 yuan.
cle 28
Where an operator commits an act in contravention of an
order to
orarily stop selling, and not to remove, conceal or destroy,
property
ted to acts of unfair competition, the relevant control and
inspection
ority may, according to circumstances, impose on it or him a fine
of
than twice and le than three times the price of the property
which
been sold, removed, concealed or destroyed.
cle 29
Where a party is not satisfied with the decision on punishment
made by
relevant control and inspection authority, it or he may,
within
een days from the date of receipt of the decision on punishment,
y to the competent authority at the next higher
level for
nsideration; where the party is not satisfied with the decision
made
r reconsideration, it or he may, within fifteen days from the
date of
ipt of the written decision made after reconsideration,
institute
eedings in the people's court; the party may also directly
institute
eedings in the people's court upon receipt of the
decision on
shment.
cle 30
Where a local government and its subordinate
departments, in
ravention to the provisions of Article 7 of this Law, force others
to
the goods of the operators designated by them, restrict the
legitimate
ne activities of other operators, or restrict the normal
flow of
s between regions, the higher authorities shall order them to
rectify
situation; where the circumstances are serious, the
competent
orities at the same level or the next higher level
shall take
iplinary sanctions against the persons directly responsible.
Where the
gnated operators, taking advantage of this illegal arrangement,
foist
rior but high-priced goods on buyers or make exorbitant charges,
the
rol and inspection authorities shall confiscate the illegal
income and
according to circumstances, impose a fine of more than
twice and
than three times the illegal income.
cle 31
Where a staff member of the state organs monitoring and
investigating
of unfair competition abuses his powers as neglects his duty,
which
titutes a crime, he shall be prosecuted for his
criminal
onsibility according to law; where the act does not
constitute a
e, he shall be disciplined administratively.
cle 32
Where a staff member of the State organ monitoring and
investigating
of unfair competition acts irregularly out of personal
considerations
intentionally secreens an operator from prosecution, fully
knowing
he has contravened the provisions of this Law, which
constitutes a
e, the said staff member shall be prosecuted for his
criminal
onsibility according to law. Chapter 5 Supplementary Provision
cle 33
This Law shall enter into force on December 1, 1993.
