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英语解析：关于医助自杀的争论
The Supreme Court\'s decisions on physician-aisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.
Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-aisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of \"double effect\", a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permiible if the actor intends only the good effect.
Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients\' pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.
Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who \"until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death.\"
George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death.\"It\'s like surgery, \"he says.\"We don\'t call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn\'t intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death.If you\'re a physician, you can risk your patient\'s suicide as long as you don\'t intend their suicide.\"
On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the aisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modem medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.
Just three weeks before the Court\'s ruling on physician-aisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life.It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggreive use of \"ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying\" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.
The profeion is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggreive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for aeing and treating pain at the end of life.
Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care.“Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlely and predictably suffering, ”to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patient abuse.” He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear ...that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension.”
凯程考研，考研机构，10年高质量辅导，值得信赖！ 以学员的前途为已任，为学员提供高效、专业的服务，团队合作,为学员服务，为学员引路。 凯程考研辅导班，中国最强的考研辅导机构，http://www.daodoc.com
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36.From the first three paragraphs, we learn that
[A]doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients\' pain.
[B]it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives.
[C]the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-aisted suicide.
[D]patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide.
37.Which of the following statements its true according to the text?
[A]Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients\' death.
[B]Modern medicine has aisted terminally ill patients in painle recovery.
[C]The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can be prescribed.
[D]A doctor\'s medication is no longer justified by his intentions.
38.According to the NAS\'s report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is
[A]prolonged medical procedures.
[B]inadequate treatment of pain.
[C]systematic drug abuse.
[D]insufficient hospital care.
39.Which of the following best defines the word “aggreive\" (line 3, paragraph 7)？
[A]Bold.[B]Harmful.[C]Carele.[D]Desperate.
40.George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they
[A]manage their patients incompetently.
[B]give patients more medicine than needed.
[C]reduce drug dosages for their patients.
[D]prolong the needle suffering of the patients.
解析：
36.From the first three paragraphs, we learn that 从前三段我们得知
[A] doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients’ pain.
医生过去常常增加药物剂量来控制病人的病痛。
[B] it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives.
医生帮助病危者结束生命仍然是违法的。
[C] the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-aisted suicide.
最高法院强烈反对医助自杀。
[D] patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide.
病人没有宪法赋予的自杀权利。
【答案】 B
【考点】 事实细节题。
【分析】 本题针对第一到第三段的所有内容进行了测试，选项[A]的相关信息可以定位到第三段，但是文中说“近几年医生才用这个原则为自己的行为辩护”。文中无法得出“过去常常”的说法。选项[B]可以定位到第二段，文中提到“宪法没有赋予这样的权利”。所以可以说，本答案是正确的。选项[C]可以定位到第二段，但是法院是支持这样的做法的。至于[D]，显然是错的。
37.Which of the following statements is true according to the text?
根据文章，下面哪一个说法是正确的？
[A] Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients’ death.
如果医生冒病人生命的危险，他们将被判有罪。
[B] Modern medicine has aisted terminally ill patients in painle recovery.凯程考研，考研机构，10年高质量辅导，值得信赖！ 以学员的前途为已任，为学员提供高效、专业的服务，团队合作,为学员服务，为学员引路。 凯程考研辅导班，中国最强的考研辅导机构，http://www.daodoc.com
考研就找凯程考研，学生满意，家长放心，社会认可！
现代医学已经帮助晚期病人进行无痛康复。
凯程教育：
凯程考研成立于2005年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研，一直从事高端全日制辅导，由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。 凯程考研的宗旨：让学习成为一种习惯；
凯程考研的价值观口号：凯旋归来，前程万里； 信念：让每个学员都有好最好的归宿；
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敬业：以专业的态度做非凡的事业；
服务：以学员的前途为已任，为学员提供高效、专业的服务，团队合作，为学员服务，为学员引路。
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程教育已经成立10年（2005年），一直以来专注于考研，成功率一直遥遥领先，同学们有兴趣可以联系一下他们在线老师或者电话。
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凯程考研，考研机构，10年高质量辅导，值得信赖！ 以学员的前途为已任，为学员提供高效、专业的服务，团队合作,为学员服务，为学员引路。
