一、名词
PETS二级考试短文改错中关于名词的题目几乎年年都有。通常会考查名词单复数的使用以及可数名词和不可数名词之间的区别, 而且往往把名词与主谓一致,名词的修饰语以及冠词的使用放在一起来考查等。
例1.We study quite a few subject , such as maths , Chinese , English and physics .精解: quite a few 只与可数名词复数连用,因此把subject 改为subjects 。例2.He gave me some advices on how to learn English well .
精解:advice 是不可数名词,因此把advices 改为advice 。
例3.We have been to Europe many time .
精解:time 当次数讲时是可数名词,因此把time 改为times 。
例4.The bicycle’s shop is just around the corner and you won’t mi it .
精解:表示什么样的商店直接用名词单数形式来修饰shop , 因此把bicycle’s改为bicycle 。
例5.Many German attended our party today .
精解:many 修饰可数名词复数,German 的复数是直接加s , 因此把German 改为Germans 。
二、冠词
由于汉语中没有冠词的概念,因此有关冠词的命题也是考生在短文改错题中容易丢分的地方。英语中冠词一共有3个,定冠词the 以及不定冠词a和an 。经常出现的题目有是否使用冠词,定冠词和不定冠词的选择,不定冠词a和an的区别。
例1.A book on your desk is mine .
精解:book后面的介词短语on your desk起修饰作用,是特指哪一本书,因此把A 改为The 。
例2.He’ll come in week .
精解:一周以后应为in a week , 因此在in 后面加不定冠词a 。
例3.I don’t like to live in such a bad weather .
精解:weather 是不可数名词,因此把不定冠词a 去掉 。
例4.Look at sky .What fine days we are having !
精解:世界上独一无二的事物名词前面要加定冠词,因此在sky前加the 。
例5.She enjoys playing piano .
精解:乐器名词前面要求加定冠词,因此在piano前加the
三、代词
有关代词的误用在短文改错中通常很隐蔽。通常要求考生判断代词与它所指代的词在单复数、主格和宾格、以及人称上是否一致,同时作为形式主语或形式宾语it的用法。
例1.Nobody but he knows it .
精解:but为介词,后面要用代词的宾格形式,因此把he 改为 him 。
例2..The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home .
精解:主语the Smiths表示史密斯一家人,因此要用人称代词的复数形式,把his 改为their 。
例3.According to studies , any children spend more time watching television than they spend in school .
精解:该句为肯定句,把 any 改为 some 。
例4.Is this school which you visited it last week ?
精解:关系代词which 在定语从句中充当visited的宾语,因此把it 去掉。
例5.We enjoyed us at the party .精解:enjoy oneself 玩得尽兴,玩得愉快。因此把us 改为ourselves 。
四、介词
英语中的介词数量众多,用法复杂,是最难掌握得词类。平时一定要对小功夫,熟练
掌握每一个介词的用法。介词的误用主要体现在介词与动词、形容词、名词的搭配是否正
确,相关介词的惯用短语是否使用正确等。
例1.I look forward to hear from you soon .
精解:to 是介词,应加动名词。 hear 改为 hearing
例2.I’d like to find a hotel to live .
精解:live后面加in 。live 为不及物动词,必须加个介词才能与hotel构成动宾关系。
例3.Thank you very much to your help .
精解:把to 改为for 。thank sb for sth 是固定搭配。
例4.We’d better not go acro the forest .It’s very dangerous .
精解:把acro改为through 。through 意为“从······中间穿过。”
例5.I paid forty yuan to the new skirt .
精解:把to 改为for。pay…..for 意为“为······付多少钱”。
五、形容词和副词
短文改错中通常会涉及这两种词在词性上的误用,即该使用形容词却使用了副词,而
相反该使用副词的地方又错误地使用了形容词。此外形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高
级的误用也是命题频率比较多的地方。
例1.He is very kindly to others .
精解:is 是系动词,后面要求用形容词,因此把kindly改为kind 。
例2.Unfortunate ,there are too many people in my family .
精解:因为要修饰整个句子,因此把Unfortunate 改为 Unfortunately 。
例3.I hope that you two could come and visit us sometimes soon .
精解:句中需要一个表示“未来某一不定时刻”的词,因此把sometimes改为
sometime 。
例4.You are complete wrong .
精解:wrong 是形容词,前面需要用一个副词来修饰,因此把complete 改为completely 。
例5.He works hard than I.
精解:than 在句中,前后两者相比较,需要用比较级,因此把hard 改为harder 。
六、连词
常见的题目包括连词的辨析与选择,连词的省略等,由于连词可以结合并列句和主从
复合句同时出题,所以一直在短文改错中占有很高的出题率。
例1.I also enjoyed the evenings when we spent together .
精解:关系代词在定语从句当中充当及物动词spend的宾语,因此把when 改为that
或which。
例2.The food was expensive and the service was good .
精解:根据句意,前后两个单句应该是转折关系,因此把and 改为 but 。
例3.I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf .
精解:根据汉意,“我感觉如此紧张,以至于抖的像片树叶一样。”因此把as 改为that 。
例4.I don’t know how to say .
精解:what 询问内容,表“什么”, how 询问方式,表“如何”, 因此把how 改为
what 。
例5.Although he is very old , but he still works just as hard as others .
精解:although 和but 不能同时使用,因此把but 去掉。
七、系动词或者助动词
系动词和助动词是动词的特殊分支,考试通常以漏用或用错的角度考察学生知识的运用能力,同时还会结合时态、语态、人称和数来一起命题。
例1.I can’t sure when to start .
精解:情态动词后面要用动词原形,而sure 是形容词,因此在can’t 后面加be 。
例2.It is said that he will able to drive a car in a week .
精解:will 后面要求加动词原形,而able 是形容词,所以在will 后面加be 。
例3.It is told that this book has translated into many foreign languages .
精解:根据汉意,“这本书已经被翻译成多国外语”因此在has后应加been构成被动语态 。
例4.When the teacher came in , the students reading .
精解:在reading 前面加were 。因为主句用过去进行时。
例5.Only then I realize that I was wrong .
精解:在I前面加did 。only位于句首,句子应使用倒装。
八、动词时态
考试时需要注意:一是时态的选择是否恰当,二是时态的形式是否正确,三是上下文语境中,句子前后时态是否保持一致。
例1.I am happy with any program but the others spent a lot of time arguing.
精解:前句动词am表明了此处时态为一般现在时,所以把spent 改为 spend 。
例2.I remembered her words and calm down .
精解:根据and的对称性原则, 将calm 改为 calmed 。
例3.Last Sunday , police cars hurry to the tallest building in New York .
精解:last Sunday是一般过去时的时间状语,因此把hurry改为 hurried 。
例4.Today it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past.
精解:in the past 是一般过去时的时间状语,因此把is 改为 was 。
例5.He said he will come to see me the next week .
精解:主句谓语动词是said ,那么从句一定用过去时的某一时态,因此把will 改为would 。
九、动词语态
被动语态是英语当中重要的语法,也是短文改错中出题率较高的地方。在做题时要仔细辨别主语和谓语的关系,即主语是不是该动作的发出者,从而使用正确的语态来做题。命题角度通常体现在让考生判断各个时态被动语态中的be 是不是出现了漏用。
例1.He was punishing yesterday for speaking in cla .
精解:被动语态应用动词的过去分词。因此把punishing 改为punished 。
例2.Books may be keep for four weeks .
精解:含有情态动词的被动语态应该用动词的过去分词。因此把keep 改为 kept 。
例3.This book has translated into many languages
精解:根据汉意,本句应该用被动语态。因此在has 后面加been 。
例4.Great changes have been taken place in this village since last year .
精解:去掉been 。英语中happen , take place , break out 等词或短语没有被动语态形式。
例5.This kind of book was sold well yesterday .
精解: 去掉was 。sell 与well 连用时,意为“销量”,此时没有被动语态形式。
十、动词的非谓语形式
非谓语动词是较难且容易出错的语法项目,也是短文改错命题的热点。做题时需要牢记哪些动词后面要求用不定式做宾语,哪些动词要求用动名词作宾语,另外看到句子中有分词时,首先要判断这个分词是表主动还是表被动,是用现在分词还是用过去分词。如果这些知识点都熟练掌握了,这部分命题的分数也就很容易得到了。
例1.Mary will write to you , and let you to know when the book you want has been returned .
精解:去掉know 前面的to 。使役性动词let /make /have 后加 不带to的动词原形。
例2.Play football makes us grow up tall and strong .
精解:把play 改为playing 。在句中做主语应改为动名词形式。
例3.I saw him to water his garden this morning .
精解:去掉water前面的to 。感官动词see , hear , feel 等后面加动词不定式时省略to 。
例4.Have you ever croed the road to avoid talk to someone you recognize ?
精解:把talk 改为talking 。avoid doing 。
例5.The little girl came in , carried a cake with two candles on it .
精解:把carried 改为carrying 。现在分词carrying做伴随状语。
例6.What did Jim tell his friend not to forget doing in his letter ?
精解:把doing 改为to do 。forget to do sth 意为“忘记去做某事”。
例7.I couldn’t manage settling the busine .
精解:把settling 改为to settle 。manage 后面接不定式做宾语。
十一、一致性问题
一致性问题包括主谓一致、时态一致、名词单复数一致、代词所有格一致、语义一致等问题。
例如改错行出现谓语动词时,就要找出它的主语,看看句子的主语和谓语在人称及数上是否一致,这方面是改错题中最为常见的命题。
例1.She liked it very much and reads it to the cla .
精解:把reads改为read 。and具有对称性,前后时态应相同。
例2.But his parents think going to college is more important than playing sports and college is the only place for a smart boy like his son .
精解:把his 改为their 。用来指代his parents的代词应为复数形式。
例3.He with his two daughters are coming .
精解:把are 改为 is 。with 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语动词的单复数随句首名词变化。
例4.Listening to music make me feel relaxed .
精解:把make改为makes 。动名词短语做主语,谓语动词用单数第三人称形式。
例5.Twenty years are a long time for us .
精解:把are改为is 。当时间名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
十二、语义上的重复。
主要体现在词义的重复或句子意义的不完整。其中语义重复的类型题多与中英文类型表达习惯的差异有关。
例1.I hope that both you two could come and visit us sometime soon .
精解:both 和 two在意义上重复 。
例2.I’ll spend all the whole weekend reading and preparing for it .
精解:all 和whole 在意义上重复 。
例3.The creation of mobile extremely greatly extended the limits of the art of sculpture .
精解:去掉extremely 或greatly中的一个。Extremely 和 greatly在意思上重复。
例4.Today I visited the Smiths ----- my first time visit to an American family .
精解:去掉time 。汉语中的“第一次拜访”用英语来表达是“my first visit ”,time 是多余的。