短文改错解题方法
三步法解题: (1)通读全文，了解全文大意和主题; (2)找错并改正;
(3)通读全文，核对检验。 在短文改错过程中，还须遵循以下步骤: (1)在理解句子的基础上，先从动词、句法的角度判断有无这方面的错误以及错误的位置; (2)确定无句法错误后，再考虑用法、搭配和近形近义方面的错误;
(3)在排除了上述两种可能后，应着重从语篇角度寻找有无上下文语义方面的错误(注意连接性词语和那些可能有反义词的词); (4)注意标有题号的各行与上行或下行相临处的错误; (5)若经过以上步骤还无法判断错误所在，则应暂时放弃该行，而继续往下做，待做完全文，对全文有更深入、更完整的理解的基础上进行检验时再作判断。宜从介词及一些简单而易被忽视的语法角度的“细微处”多加考虑。
二、错误有多词、少词和错词三种, 具体答题方法如下：
改正 将文中错词用斜线（/）划去，在后面横线上填入正确的词，表示替换该错词。
删去 在文中将错词用斜线（/）划去，在后面横线上也划一斜线（/），表示该错词是多余的。 增添 在文中两词间加“∧”号，表示有遗漏，然后在横线上添入遗漏的词的正确形式。
三、命题内容 1.词汇用法
词汇错误不同于篇章理解错误，它一般不需要根据整篇文章的主要内容和上下文的逻辑关系来进行分析和思考。词汇错误常常局限在句子水平上，也就是说，只看某一行或某一个句子就可以把这类错误挑出来并对它们加以改正。
考生只有平时打下扎实的词汇基础，准确把握单词的词性及词义，才能将词语错误辨别出来。词汇错误主要包括词性错误、易混词误用和固定搭配错误。 (1) 用词不当
英语中有很多同义词、反义词、易混词，如aure/ensure, rise/arise/raise, effect/affect等。从历年六级改错题看，对这些词的误用构成六级改错的一个重要的错误类型。 (2) 介词误用
介词使句中某些词与其他词发生一定的关系，其在英语中占很重要的地位，故成为又一重要考点。 2.语法知识
改错中的语法错误主要是结构方面出现的一些基本语法错误，主要包括不一致、时态、语态错误，现在分词和过去分词的误用，连词误用, 代词误用, 形容词和副词的比较级、最高级误用，虚拟语气误用和平行结构错误等。
(1) 一致性方面的错误
一致性(Agreement或Concord)在英语中属于一种很基础、很常见的语法现象。一致性指主谓一致、名词单复数与其修饰语的一致，代词与先行词的一致，还有时态一致、修辞手法一致等。六级考试改错题中常见的一致性方面的错误有以下几类：
1) 主谓一致。主谓不一致错误是CET 6综合改错内容之一，主要表现为主语名词与谓语动词间隔较长，首尾不能相接，造成视觉上的混淆。
2) 名词单复数。有时名词可以不用复数，但是在特定的句子中由于前面有明确的量词修饰，如 several, a number of, a variety of等等，就要变成复数形式。
3) 代词与先行词一致。代词的主要功能是指代已出现的名词、词组或一个意群，因此代词的出现必须有所指，而且形、数等与前面所代的部分相符,这是代词改错的核心。人称代词、物主代词及指示代词的误用，会导致指示不清、逻辑混乱，甚至前后矛盾。
这一般考查的是代词的指代，在文章当中如果说出现了代词，那么代词所指代的对象在前文中一定是出现过的，否则就会出现指代不清，所以出现代词时候，我们要注意它所指代的对象的单复数是否与代词一致。细心推敲和全局观念是破解此类错误的杀手锏。 (2) 非谓语动词错用
非谓语动词包括不定式、分词。六级改错中主要出现非谓语动词与主要谓语动词之间的混淆。 (3) 形容词、副词(包括比较级和最高级)误用
形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级是改错考题中必考的项目之一。常见错误类型有：
One of +最高级+名词复数，as +原级+as 3.篇章理解 (1)上下文语义矛盾
通过对近年六级改错部分的分析，发现出现错误率的频率最高的就是上下文语义矛盾这一项，上下文语义矛盾，也就是说，根据上文的内容，紧接下来的部分应该是肯定意义，结果原文却用了否定;反之，根据上下文的连贯关系，下文本该用否定却用了肯定,这是语意的颠倒，造成上下文逻辑推理上的自相矛盾。做题前如先阅读全文，领会上下文承接关系与语意关系将裨益无穷。 (2) 缺漏和多余
缺漏某些不可少或加了某些不必要的词都会使句意不通顺。一般来说，缺漏和多余的词多为介词、代词、冠词或连词。多余还可能出现相同意义的词语叠加在一起或出现两个主语现象。 (3) 逻辑关系混乱
要想把这类错误纠正出来，需要考生对文章有总体的理解，头脑中有个大的框架。一般改错中的连接词错误都会使句子的逻辑关系发生改变，或造成句子的语义逻辑混乱。六级综合改错中对逻辑关系的考查主要集中在因果、转折、条件、让步等关系上，其中以因果和转折连接词最为常见。 (4) 时态、语态错误
一篇结构完整的短文中，时态的使用应该是连贯一致的，但六级改错中常出现主句和从句时态可能不一致的情形。另外，改错题中最常见的语态错误是被动语态被误用为主动语态。
综合近年的高考题我们可以看出主要在以下语法项目上设题：
1.名词和限制词的搭配
主要涉及可数与不可数名词与冠词、指示代词、物主代词的错误搭配，以及名词的单复数的误
1 用。
2.动词的时态、语态以及非谓语动词
常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时中间杂有另一时态的现象，以及动词的谓语与非谓语形式、非谓语动词之间的误用。
3.代词的误用
主要是代词的格与数的错用。如男性用了女性代词，单数用了复数代词或相反；应当用形容词性的物主代词用了名词性等。
4.数词的误用
主要是序数词与基数词的混用和错用，以及hundred, thousand, dozen, score等词和具体数量词连用时的用法以及表示约数的用法。
5.形容词与副词
主要涉及到形容词和副词的原级、比较级与最高级的误用，以及形容词和副词的误用等。
6.考查英语中的并列现象
在一些英语中的并列结构中没有用并列的语法结构，如并列连词连接的两个部分等。
7.考查上下文的逻辑关系
but, and, so，however, otherwise等一些并列连词和连接副词的误用。before, after, when, until, since等状语从句引导词的误用等。还有肯定和否定的误用等。
8.一些相似结构的误用
如used to do, be used to do, be used to doing等结构的误用。
改错步骤
上述9个方面，同学们在做题时只要稍加留意，找出错误的比率就会增大很多。做短文改错题时一般遵循以下几个步骤：
1.先通读全文。认真阅读短文，在做题之前确保已经弄清原文大意。注意文章中上下文的逻辑关系是否正确，时态、人称、主谓、指代等是否一致。
2.聚焦出题热点、综合运用所学语言知识，分句(注意以句子为单位而不是以行为单位)对不同
的错误情况进行分析和回答(即改词、加词或减词)。
3.再次通读全文，校对自己的改正是否正确。一般各种改错的方式都应该用到，如果出现了某
一种改法(如加词、减词等)没有用到，要考虑自己的改错应该有问题，要对刚才不是很有把握的行进行推敲。在自己认为正确的行后划勾，并且校对其他行改正的符号是否准确，大小写是否拼写正确(这点同学们很容易忽视)。如果某一行有两种改错方式要推敲哪一种是最佳改法。
总之，要想从根本上提高做综合改错题的能力，考生就要打好扎实的英语基础，有丰富的词汇用法、固定搭配及句式结构知识等。同时，在平日英语学习的过程中，要多多阅读，培养英语的语感，提高语篇理解能力，增强自己辨错、纠错的能力。 短文改错
My sister saw a lovely cup when we are shopping the other day.She liked it at once.Then she bent down and picked up to look at a price on it.As she did this, lots of tea splashed on his T-shirt﹗I had to try hardly not to laugh at her shocked face﹗
My sister wanted get out of the shop as fast as she could when a shop aistant came over to
us.It was turned out to be her own cup, that she had left on the shelf by mistake.The
aistant was clearly as embarraing as my sister, for I just thought it was funny﹗
Did you enjoy yourself yesterday? I suppose you do.But I’d like to tell you what a bad day I had yesterday.Nothing just went wrong.On the morning, my alarm clock didn’t ring,since I woke up an hour late.I was in such a hurry that I burnt my hand when I was cooking the breakfast.Then I ran out of the house to catch the 8:30 buses.This is the bus I
2 usually take.But, you may laugh, I mied it of course.I am very unhappy, and scared as well because teacher hates the students coming late to school.So I ran three miles to school only to discover that everybody was there.The school was quiet but peaceful.Our claroom was locked.I realized that moment: It was Sunday.
Mr Zhang is over sixty years old.He has retired（退休）.He is one of my respected teachers.He teaches us chemistry when we were in senior Grade One.He was old, and he taught us good.He tried his best to make his claes lively.Mr Zhang usually made good preparations for the leon and was strict to us, too.Whenever we made mistakes in our homework.he would ask us to correct them.At that time, I was used to be poorly in chemistry.Mr Zhang often helped me with my studies very patiently.With his help, I had made rapid progre and caught with the cla.He is always very kind to every student.As a experienced teacher, he is respected and loved by all the students.
4 Get a good education is more important today than ever before .In Canada mostly children attend public schools.Public schools are mainly found by governments through tax income.Students in Canada taught in English and in French.The rests of Canadian children attend private schools, that are supported mainly by fees paying by parents .By law ,the children must attend the school from age 5 to 16.There are several different levels in the Canadian education system.The first was called Elementary Schools ,which including
kindergartens through grade 7 or 8.
I can’t swim because I have a strong fear of water.Look back at my childhood experience, I think that three reason might explain the fear.The first reason is that I was not allowed to go near the water when I was a child, for my mother had unreasonable fear of it.So, even as a child I was taught see the water as something danger.Second, my eyes became bad ones when I was five.If I took off my glaes in the water, I couldn’t see anything, but this increased my fear.The worst part of your experience is that as a child I often see a neighbor drowned.Since then I had been more frightened.
I ever worked as a tour guide .One day I saw advertisement in the newspaper .I rang up the company , but I was given the job immediate .They asked me to take a tour around the city the next morning .The manager just told me say anything that I could think about the cities .My first tour is terrible .The old bus was not air conditioned , and it was the middle of summer .Which was uncomfortable inside the bus .The tourist soon became very hot and angry .I owned a very hard time .I stayed there for a few weeks , and then left and joined in a better company .
I believe that everyone in the world loves their mother.So am I.My
mother
is
a
ordinary teacher.She works hard at school, just as other mothers do every day.In fact, she
3 isn’t good health.She has been suffered from arthritis for many years.In spite of this, she never stops working or giving up hope.I still remember the day and when my mother received a card of congratulations for Teacher’s Day from her director.The card was read “Thank you for your hard works; Happy Teacher’s Day to you!”At that moment, I was so moving that tears came to my eyes.I am proud of my mother because she is my best teacher as good as my
8 Dalian, a city by sea,is quite beautiful and the air there is so good to breathe.It is easy to go here by train.Beside, you can take a bus or plane as well.Together with my parents.I went to Dalian for a trip in last month.We visited many interesting places,had lots of fun.Dalian is so wonderfully a city as even many foreigners go and work there.I met some foreigners there and chat with them.Most of them said they enjoyed our stay in Dalian.After staying there for ten days, we returned home,tired and happy.
9 Dear editor, In our school students are constantly complaining about bad food in the dining room.It serves with many dishes from cantonese to Sichuan hotpot, so the quality isn’t good.Somestudents said they had found stones or died pests in their food. The popular joke is that you are really luck if you find nothing strange or smelly in the food.; As the majority of student have no choice but eat in the dining room, money can still be made if the dining
room takes an effort to improve quality of food.The dining room should pay attention to provide better services and tasted food.It is high time that the dining room changed their idea of management.We are looking forward to the day.
Every one of us can make a great efforts to cut off the use of energy in our country.To begin with, all of us can start reducing to the use of oil when we had a real need.That won\'t be easy ,I know.but we have to start anywhere.What\'s more, we can go to work by bike once and twice a week, and we can also buy smaller cars that bum le oil.Other way is to watch our everyday us of water and electric at home.For example, how many times have you walked out of a room and leave the lights or television when no one else was there?
Dear Editor,
I am very interesting in English.I think it plays a important part in our life.To improve my English,I try to listen English on the radio and keep a diary in English every day.However,it seemed not to do any good.No matter how hardly I work, I can’t learn it well.I have many chances to speak English and I am shy and always afraid of making mistakes.So I’ve almost never spoken English on public.Could you please to give me some good advices? Thank you so much for help me.
Last Sunday morning,when I was having a walk in the park near my home,I came acro a crew make a new film with one of my favourite actor.I didn’t have my camera with me at that time,but I rushed back home to get .Fortunately,by the time I got back,they have finished the scene and the actor couldn’t be seen everywhere.I was disappointing and about to leave when he walked out of a building.He was right there in the front of me﹗I couldn’t believe my luck—not only did I had my photo taken with him, but also he signed his name on my shirt
13 Mr.Smith bought a house near a school.He spent the first week there at peace.Then comes a new school year.Every afternoon after school several boys came to play the football behind his house.They made too much noise that Mr.Smith couldn’t stand it.H e decided take some steps.One afternoon, he stopped the boys and gave themselves each a dollar.He said they brought him a lot of funs.He also promised to give them money every day unle they played football there, that made the children very happy.A week later,Mr.Smith told them he had no money.The boys became angry but didn’t play football there any more.
Christie was one of my best friend at high school.At that time,we often spend
time together.Thank to her help, I made great progrees in my study.Last year,she decided to studying abroad.In other words,we would be separated for a long time. Before her leaving off,I prepared a gift to show my best wishes to him.She said it was the best gift she has ever had.From then on,we’ve kept touch with each other through e-mails.I look forward to see her again in the near future.
With the rapid development of society, great changes have been taken place in family life.Many years ago, people considered them rich to own radios, sewing machines and watches.Most people live in crowded houses.When they went out, they had to walk and go by bike.
Nowadays, life is more better than it was in the past.Many ordinary families have color TV sets, washing machine, mobile phones and the other modern equipment.People can often go traveling by train or plane and some even car.You can see high buildings everywhere.The rich prefers to buy a flat far from the busy city.No one can imagine how a great change we will have.
（Dear Ralph,）
I am an university student.I once thought life at the university must be
excellent,but now I changed my mind.I have three roommate.Last term,I got along
peacefully and happy.But I find they are not willing to be with me now.They don’t
talk about me,and they’ve become cold toward me.Many time,I wanted to talk with
5 them about how I felt like,but I failed finding an opening.When leaving alone,I
always recall this sadne.But I am an honest student.Why can’t I win truely
friendship?
17 Dear Elli，
I am a senior student l like make friends with people and l do my best to get well
with everyone.But last week l had found out that one of myfriends wrote their
diary ,saying that she disliked me and she doesn’t want to be my friend any longer.
Now she has started making fun of me because of I’m fat l’ m kind to her but how
can’t she be friendly to me? As for losing the discouraged weight,
Should l do more exercise? Use pills? And do you know any other ways? Please give me some advices.
18 “Ding-ling-ling…” the bell rang, announced the end of school.One by one, the
students left their school or went home.Some rode their bike, some went by bus,
and others went on foot.On the way, John saw one of her clamates riding a bike.
He asked him take him home on his bike.When they came to a croing, an
accident was happened.A big red truck moved quickly up to them.John was so
frightening that he jumped off the bike all of sudden.The truck knocked him onto
the ground.He was terrible injured and sent to hospital at once.That is important
for us all to follow the traffic regulations for our own safety.
19
When we feel sad or happily, a good cry is almost impoible to resist.But do you
know why we cried?
Experts have found that tear contain some chemicals like hormone.When one is
feeling streed, it set free and tears will come down.So crying is a way of get rid of
stre .You will often feel better before a good cry.Of course sex has nothing to do to
crying.Women cry more often just because of they have more of this hormone than
men.But next time you feel like bursting into tears, go ahead.It won\'t do good to
your health.
Dear Jim,
I’d like to tell you something more about our school sports meet.It held on Oct.
6, which was fine day.There were over 10,000 students and teachers attend it.Wang
Lin, a student from my cla won the 100-meters race.He finished the race in 12.6
seconds and break the record.The sports meet was really succe.That was because
we were all trying to do my best.Although I was not one of the winner, I was proud
of that we had done.Looking forward to your reply soon.
