一Opening Speech Good morning profeors and teachers.Thank you for attending my speech.My name is Li Donglei.I am honored to stand here.First I want to expre my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, profeor Cai Sulu.It is with her valuable aistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.
二
Today my topic is Stylistic features and Translation Techniques of English Busine Contracts .The whole thesis consists of 6 parts.
The first part will give a brief introduction of the importance of English busine contracts and its translation in the global trading.And the second part is going to analyze the stylistic features of English Busine Contracts in specific.As to the third part, I am going to talk about the translation theory of the contract.And the fourth part is about the translation techniques.Then I will sum up the whole paper to make a general conclusion in the fifth part.At last, I will list out all the references I have referred to in the paper.
三The introduction To meet the globalization busine environment, the English busine contracts with its unique characters are playing a decisive role in the international trades.In this point, a deep understanding of the style features of English busine contracts is needed, which can help to promote the development of international busine activity.Now let’s go into more details.
四Go to the second part(不读) Here comes to our first main stage: the Literary Style features of English Busine Contracts to analyze it more thoroughly, I have divided it into three points.
2.1.1 Formal Words One of the main features of English busine contract is the usage of formal words.English busine contract adopts a set of formal expreions to do its utmost to avoid misunderstanding.It can be clearly proved by comparing Column A with Column B in the following table.
2.1.2 Terminology
When we referred to the lexical features of it, I think we should put much attention to the using of terminology; even some normal words can have their special meanings in some certain environment.I have listed a number of them in the table below, now I want to use “balance” as an example.
（按出例子） What’s the meaning of “balance”? “平衡”or”余额” in this sentence,？Both are incorrect, Here, “balance” is a terminology of busine contract, it means “顺差”.So well understandings of some terminologies are required in translation.
2.1.3 Old-fashioned Words
There are a lot of Old-fashioned Words used in the busine contracts such as: herein”, “thereafter”, “whereby”, and so on.I don’t want to talk about it further .
2.1.4 Outside Words
Because of some historical reasons, English words are consisted of many foreign words, most of which are used in the formal occasions.
Because of the time limits, I have to quit(pa) those examples.if you are interested in them, I can present the ppt to you after the speech.
2.2.1 Statement Sentence
Besides lexical features, syntactic features are also very important in the English busine contract.If you want to know more details, welcome to read my paper, page (9).
2.2.2 Paive Voice and Active Voice Sentences The combine using of active and paive sentences can help writers to emphasize their thoughts, at the same time, readers can find the main points more easily.
2.2.3 Long and Complex Sentence
The long and complex sentences are frequently adopted here.This sentence is a typical example. （按出例子）
Here we use “such as” to list out many typical unforeseen events, thus the reader of this contract can have a better understanding of the whole article, which can help to avoid many unneceary misunderstandings.
2.3.1 Application of the Legal Format
English busine contract is a legal document; we should consider every poibility.Here similar usages always appeared in those legal documents.
2.3.2 About“Or” usage method From the grammatical level, it can be found in the same construction of the sentences, such as the following examples extracted from the English busine contract.In this example, “or”, commas and semicolons are the tools frequently used in English foreign trade contracts form a parallel structure.
3.1 Translation principles You see, my title contains two parts, and we have just finished the first part, now let’s go to the rest.There are four rules to follow, Accuracy, Compactne, Standardization and fluency .besides all the four points, the whole paage must be understood easily, and confined the original meanings to readers.
3.2 Requirements of translations
To be a good translator, we must have those four skills First, a strong sense of responsibility; Second, a well handle of the two languages; Third, a good knowledge of the subject concerned; The last, a good balance of theory and practice in translation.
4.1 Word and its Translation
Words are the basic elements of a paage; besides common and specialized meanings, polysemy is also a very common phenomenon.What’s more, to translate more exactly, sometimes we need to use some traditional Chinese expreions.
4.2 Sentence and its Translation.从six techniques 开始念，然后说 what’s the meaning of embedding?
The meaning of embedding is to match.Because of the time limits, I have to quit(pa) those examples.
4.3 Text and its Translation To the text translation level, we should pay attention to the meaning of a whole contract, besides we can turn to some translation templates for help.
Conclusion This is the end of my speech.In the first part, I have given a brief introduction of the style features of English busine contract including lexical, syntactic and textual features.And the second is mainly about the translation techniques, all the rules can be summarized in four words ”faithfulne”; ”accuracy”; ”concisene(简明) “and ”conventionalization(惯例化)”.
1What are the main features (lexical feature, textual feature)of English busine contracts? 答：In my opinion, I think it’s the lexical feature.Because busine contract act as a formal and legal document.And the usage of words can well reflect its unique characters, which is the main difference from others.
2What is terminology? Can you further explain your example here? 答：: In the English busine contract, the terminology often related to areas like: commerce, trade, finance and law etc.Since I have used “balance” as an example in my PPT, now I want to use the word “CLAIM” to do some further explanation.Here comes an example: We consider it difficult to file a claim against the manufacturers.Usually when referred to, claim means “要求；声称” But here it has a new meaning”索赔”。 So this sentence can be translated like this: 我们认为向厂家提出索赔有些困难。
3Can you sum up translation techniques of English busine contracts? 答：I am going to sum up translation techniques of English busine contracts in four words:” faithfulne”; ”accuracy”; ”concisene(简明) “and ”conventionalization(惯例化)”.
4Where did you get these busine contracts as your research material? 答: There are many available resources around us.Every week, after work, I would go to the school library to find some related books, besides thanks to the invention of computer, I can find many valuable helps there, what’s more, since I am working in a bank ,there are many opportunities for me to look into this area.
5Many people have done research in this field, what is new about your eay? 答：Truly this topic is not new anymore. But in my paper, I have added some my own styles.
The problem was analyzed in three levels,
First, I analyzed the usage of words in contracts carefully; the paper has referred to every aspect of words, such as Formal Words, Terminology, borrowed Words and so on.Second, I have put forward the Translation theory of English Busine Contract.And all the important aspects in translation of words, sentences and texts levels.At last I analyzed the strategies of translations.
