口译中文范文（精选多篇）

推荐第1篇：口译中中文称谓的翻译

口译中遇到中文称谓要怎么翻译？

在外事接待活动中，译员首先面临的一道难题是称谓的口译。称谓代表了一个人的职位、职衔或学衔，体现了一个人的资历和地位。称谓的误译不仅是对有关人员的不尊重，而且也会产生种种不良的后果。称谓的准确翻译其关键在于译员对有关人员的身份及其称谓的表达是否有一个正确的理解，尤其是对称谓语的认识。一种称谓语很可能表示多种身份，例如，英语的头衔语 president，译成汉语时可视具体情况分别译作共和国的总统、国家主席、大学的校长、学院的院长、学会或协会的会长或主席、公司的总裁或董事长等等。

一般说来，各类机构或组织的首长其汉语称谓译成英语时虽可套用通用词 head，但从比较严格的意义上看，应使用特定的、规范的称谓语。例如：

校长（大学） President of Beijing University 校长（中小学） Principal /Headmaster of Donghai Middle School 院长（大学下属） Dean of the Graduate School 系主任（大学学院下属） Chair/Chairman of the English Department 会长／主席（学／协会） President of the Student Union, Shanghai University 厂长（企业） Director of the Machine Tools Manufacturing Plant 院长（医院） President of Huadong Hospital 主任（中心） Director of the Busine Center 主任（行政） Director of Foreign Affairs Office 董事长（企业） President／Chairman of the Board of Directors 董事长（学校） President／Chairman of the Board of Trustees 首席长官的汉语称谓常以“总„„”表示，而表示首席长官的英语称谓语则常带有 chief general, head , managing 这类词，因此当翻译冠以“总”字的头衔时，需遵循英语头衔的表达习惯： 总书记 general secretary 总工程师 chief engineer 总会计师 chief accountant 总建筑师 chief architect 总编辑 chief editor; editor-in-chief; managing editor 总出纳 chief cashier; general cashier 总裁判 chief referee 总经理 general manager; managing director; executive head 总代理 general agent 总教练 head coach 总导演 head director 总干事 secretary-general;commiioner 总指挥 commander-in-chief; generaliimo 总领事 consul-general 总监 chief inspector; inspector-general；chief impresario 总厨 head cook; chef 有些部门或机构的首长或主管的英译，可以用一些通用的头衔词表示，例如下列机构的负责人可以用 director, head 或 chief 来表示：

司（部属）department 厅（省属）department 署（省属）office（行署为administrative office） 局 bureau 所 institute 处 division 科 section 股 section 室 office 教研室 program / section 例：

局长 director of the bureau; head of the bureau; bureau chief。 国务院 the State Council 属下的部为 ministry，所以部长叫作 minister。

另外，公署专员叫作commiioner，其办事机构叫作“专员公署”，英语为 prefectural commiioner\'s office。

汉语中表示副职的头衔一般都冠以“副”字，英译时需视词语的固定搭配或表达习惯等情况，可选择 vice, aociate, aistant, deputy 等词。相对而言，vice 使用面较广，例如： 副总统（或大学副校长等）vice president 副主席（或系副主任等）vice chairman 副总理 vice premier 副部长 vice minister 副省长 vice governor 副市长 vice mayor 副领事 vice consul 副校长（中小学）vice principal 行政职务的副职头衔与学术头衔的“副”职称往往用不同的词表达，最为常用的英语词是 aociate，例如： 副教授 aociate profeor 副研究员 aociate research fellow 副主编 aociate managing editor 副编审 aociate senior editor 副审判长 aociate judge 副研究馆员 aociate research fellow of ...(e.g.library science) 副译审 aociate senior translator 副主任医师 aociate senior doctor 当然，有些英语职位头衔，如 manager 和 headmaster，其副职头衔可冠以 aistant，例如：

副总经理 aistant / deputy general manager; aistant / deputy managing director 大堂副理（宾馆）aistant manager 副校长（中小学）aistant headmaster 以 director 表示的职位的副职常以 deputy director 表示。此外，secretary, mayor, dean 等头衔的副职也可冠以 deputy，例如： 副秘书长 deputy secretary-general 耐书记 deputy secretary 副市长 deputy mayor 副院长 deputy dean 学术头衔系列除了含“正”“副”级别的高级职称和中级职称外，还有初级职称如“助理”，“助理”常用 aistant 来表示，例如： 助理教授 aistant profeor 助理研究员 aistant research fellow 助理工程师 aistant engineer 助理编辑 aistant editor 助理馆员 aistant research fellow of...(e.g.library science) 助理教练 aistant coach 助理农艺师 aistant agronomist 还有一些行业的职称头衔，其高级职称不用“正”或“副”表示，而直接用“高级”或“资深”来表示，我们可以用 senior 来称呼，例如：

高级编辑 senior editor 高级工程师 senior engineer 高级记者 senior reporter 高级讲师 senior lecturer 高级教师 senior teacher 高级农艺师 senior agronomist 有一些行业的职称或职务系列中，最高级别的职位冠以“首席”一词，英语常用 chief 来表示： 首席执行官 chief executive officer (CEO) 首席法官 chief judge 首席顾问 chief advisor 首席检察官 chief inspector / prosecutor 首席仲裁员 chief arbitrator 首席监事 chief supervisor 首席播音员 chief announcer / broadcaster 首席代表 chief representative 首席记者 chief correspondent 除了用“总”、“高级”、“首席”等词语来表示一些机构或行业的最高级职务之外，还有一些高级职务则使用带“长”字的头衔，例如：

检察长 procurator-general 审判忙 presiding judge；chief judge；chief of judges 护士长 head nurse 秘书长 secretary-general 参谋长 chief of staff 厨师长 head cook，chef 有些头衔会含诸如“代理”、“常务”、“执行”、“名誉”这类称谓语，例如：

代理市长，代理总理，代理主任 常务理事，常务副校长

执行主席，执行主任，执行秘书 名誉校长，名誉会长

本文来自美联英语 http://www.daodoc.com/hy/?tid=447705

推荐第2篇：口译中的中文称谓翻译

口译中的中文称谓翻译

口译中的中文称谓翻译时间:2008-10-09 21:06来源:口译网 作者:口译网 点击:1669次

在外事接待活动中，译员首先面临的一道难题是称谓的口译。称谓代表了一个人的职位、职衔或学衔，体现了一个人的资历和地位。称谓的误译不仅是对有关人员的不尊重，而且也会产生种种不良的后果。称谓的准确翻译其关键在于译员对有关人员的身份及其称谓的表达是否有一个正确的理解，尤其是对称谓语的认识。一种称谓语很可能表示多种身份，例如，英语的头衔语 president，译成汉语时可视具体情况分别译作共和国的总统、国家主席、大学的校长、学院的院长、学会或协会的会长或主席、公司的总裁或董事长等等。

一般说来，各类机构或组织的首长其汉语称谓译成英语时虽可套用通用词 head，但从比较严格的意义上看，应使用特定的、规范的称谓语。例如：

校长（大学） President of Beijing University 校长（中小学） Principal /Headmaster of Donghai Middle School 院长（大学下属） Dean of the Graduate School 系主任（大学学院下属） Chair/Chairman of the English Department 会长／主席（学／协会） President of the Student Union, Shanghai University 厂长（企业） Director of the Machine Tools Manufacturing Plant 院长（医院） President of Huadong Hospital 主任（中心） Director of the Busine Center 主任（行政） Director of Foreign Affairs Office 董事长（企业） President／Chairman of the Board of Directors 董事长（学校） President／Chairman of the Board of Trustees

首席长官的汉语称谓常以“总„„”表示，而表示首席长官的英语称谓语则常带有 chief general, head , managing 这类词，因此当翻译冠以“总”字的头衔时，需遵循英语头衔的表达习惯：

总书记 general secretary 总工程师 chief engineer 总会计师 chief accountant 总建筑师 chief architect 总编辑 chief editor; editor-in-chief; managing editor 总出纳 chief cashier; general cashier 总裁判 chief referee 总经理 general manager; managing director; executive head 总代理 general agent 总教练 head coach 总导演 head director 总干事 secretary-general; commiioner 总指挥 commander-in-chief; generaliimo 总领事 consul-general 总监 chief inspector; inspector-general；chief impresario 总厨 head cook; chef

有些部门或机构的首长或主管的英译，可以一些通用的头衔词表示，例如下列机构的负责人可以用 director, head 或 chief 来表示：

司（部属）department 厅（省属）department 署（省属）office（行署为administrative office） 局 bureau 所 institute 处 division 科 section 股 section 室 office 教研室 program / section

例：

局长 director of the bureau; head of the bureau; bureau chief。

国务院 the State Council 属下的部为 ministry，所以部长叫作 minister。

另外，公署专员叫作commiioner，其办事机构叫作“专员公署”，英语为 prefectural commiioner\'s office。

汉语中表示副职的头衔一般都冠以“副”字，英译时需视词语的固定搭配或表达习惯等情况，可选择 vice, aociate, aistant, deputy 等词。相对而言，vice 使用面较广，例如：

副总统（或大学副校长等）vice president 副主席（或系副主任等）vice chairman 副总理 vice premier 副部长 vice minister 副省长 vice governor 副市长 vice mayor 副领事 vice consul 副校长（中小学）vice principal

行政职务的副职头衔与学术头衔的“副”职称往往用不同的词表达，最为常用的英语词是 aociate，例如：

副教授 aociate profeor 副研究员 aociate research fellow 副主编 aociate managing editor 副编审 aociate senior editor 副审判长 aociate judge 副研究馆员 aociate research fellow of ...(e.g.library science) 副译审 aociate senior translator 副主任医师 aociate senior doctor

当然，有些英语职位头衔，如 manager 和 headmaster，其副职头衔可冠以 aistant，例如：

副总经理 aistant / deputy general manager; aistant / deputy managing director 大堂副理（宾馆）aistant manager 副校长（中小学）aistant headmaster

以 director 表示的职位的副职常以 deputy director 表示。此外，secretary, mayor, dean 等头衔的副职也可冠以 deputy，例如：

副秘书长 deputy secretary-general 耐书记 deputy secretary 副市长 deputy mayor 副院长 deputy dean

学术头衔系列除了含“正”“副”级别的高级职称和中级职称外，还有初级职称如“助理”，“助理”常用 aistant 来表示，例如：

助理教授 aistant profeor 助理研究员 aistant research fellow 助理工程师 aistant engineer 助理编辑 aistant editor 助理馆员 aistant research fellow of...(e.g.library science) 助理教练 aistant coach 助理农艺师 aistant agronomist

还有一些行业的职称头衔，其高级职称不用“正”或“副”表示，而直接用“高级”或“资深”来表示，我们可以用 senior 来称呼，例如：

高级编辑 senior editor 高级工程师 senior engineer 高级记者 senior reporter 高级讲师 senior lecturer 高级教师 senior teacher 高级农艺师 senior agronomist

有一些行业的职称或职务系列中，最高级别的职位冠以“首席”一词，英语常用 chie 来表示：

首席执行官 chief executive officer (CEO) 首席法官 chief judge 首席顾问 chief advisor 首席检察官 chief inspector / prosecutor 首席仲裁员 chief arbitrator 首席监事 chief supervisor 首席播音员 chief announcer / broadcaster 首席代表 chief representative 首席记者 chief correspondent

除了用“总”、“高级”、“首席”等词语来表示一些机构或行业的最高级职务之外，还有一些高级职务则使用带“长”字的头衔，例如：

检察长 procurator-general 审判忙 presiding judge；chief judge；chief of judges 护士长 head nurse 秘书长 secretary-general 参谋长 chief of staff 厨师长 head cook，chef

有些头衔会含诸如“代理”、“常务”、“执行”、“名誉”这类称谓语，例如：

代理市长，代理总理，代理主任 常务理事，常务副校长

执行主席，执行主任，执行秘书 名誉校长，名誉会长

一般说来，“代理”可译作 acting，例如：

代理市长 acting mayor 代理总理 acting premier 代理主任 acting director

“常务”可以 managing 表示，例如：

常务理事 managing director 常务副校长 managing vice president（亦可作 first vice mayor）

“执行”可译作 executive，例如：

执行主任executive director 执行秘书executive secretary 执行主席executive chairman（也可译作presiding chairman）

“名誉”译为honorary，例如：

名誉校长 honorary president / principal 名誉主席、会长 honorary chairman / president（也可用 emeritus 表示，如 emeritus chairman / president）

有些职称或职务带有“主任”、“主治”、“特级”厂特派，、“特约”等头衔，英译不尽相同，例如：

主任编辑 aociate senior editor 主任秘书 chief secretary 主任医师 senior doctor 主任护士 senior nurse 主治医师 attending / chief doctor; physician; consultant 特级教师 special-grade senior teacher 特派记者 accredited correspondent 特派员/专员 commiioner 特约编辑 contributing editor 特约记者 special correspondent

许多职称、职务的头衔称谓其英语表达法难以归类，需要日积月累，逐步登录在自己的称谓语料库中。以下所列举是其中的一部分：

办公室主任 office manager （如“校长办公室主任” manager of president\'s office） 财务主任 treasurer 车间主任 workshop manager / director 编审 senior editor 博导（博士生导师）doctoral student supervisor 研究生导师 graduate student tutor 客座教授 visiting profeor 院士 academician 译审 senior translator 村长 village head 领班 captain；foreman；gaffer 经纪人 broker 税务员 tax collector 研究管员 research fellow of...（如“图书馆研究管员” research fellow of library science）

股票交易员 stock dealer 红马夹 (stock exchange) floor broker 业务经理 service/busine/operation manager 住院医生 resident (doctor); registrar 国际大师 international master 注册会计师 chartered / certified public accountant; registered / incorporated accountant

我国有一些常见的荣誉称号 (honorary title) 在许多英语国家没有对应的表达语，现列举部分英译供参考：

标兵 pacemaker 学习标兵 student pacemaker; model student 劳动模范 model worker 模范教师 model teacher 优秀教师 excellent teacher 优秀员工 outstanding employee; employee of the month / year 青年标兵 model youth / youth pacemaker 青年突击手 youth shock worker 三好学生 \"triple-A\" outstanding student; outstanding student 三八妇女红旗手 \"March 8th Red Banner\" outstanding woman pacemaker

推荐第3篇：口译中遇到中文称谓要怎么翻译

口译中遇到中文称谓要怎么翻译？

在外事接待活动中，译员首先面临的一道难题是称谓的口译。称谓代表了一个人的职位、职衔或学衔，体现了一个人的资历和地位。称谓的误译不仅是对有关人员的不尊重，而且也会产生种种不良的后果。称谓的准确翻译其关键在于译员对有关人员的身份及其称谓的表达是否有一个正确的理解，尤其是对称谓语的认识。一种称谓语很可能表示多种身份，例如，英语的头衔语 president，译成汉语时可视具体情况分别译作共和国的总统、国家主席、大学的校长、学院的院长、学会或协会的会长或主席、公司的总裁或董事长等等。

一般说来，各类机构或组织的首长其汉语称谓译成英语时虽可套用通用词 head，但从比较严格的意义上看，应使用特定的、规范的称谓语。例如：

校长（大学） President of Beijing University

校长（中小学） Principal /Headmaster of Donghai Middle School

院长（大学下属） Dean of the Graduate School

系主任（大学学院下属） Chair/Chairman of the English Department

会长／主席（学／协会） President of the Student Union, Shanghai University 厂长（企业） Director of the Machine Tools Manufacturing Plant

院长（医院） President of Huadong Hospital

主任（中心） Director of the Busine Center

主任（行政） Director of Foreign Affairs Office

董事长（企业） President／Chairman of the Board of Directors

董事长（学校） President／Chairman of the Board of Trustees

首席长官的汉语称谓常以“总„„”表示，而表示首席长官的英语称谓语则常带有 chief general, head , managing 这类词，因此当翻译冠以“总”字的头衔时，需遵循英语头衔的表达习惯：

总书记 general secretary

总工程师 chief engineer

总会计师 chief accountant

总建筑师 chief architect

总编辑 chief editor; editor-in-chief; managing editor

总出纳 chief cashier; general cashier

总裁判 chief referee

总经理 general manager; managing director; executive head

总代理 general agent

总教练 head coach

总导演 head director

总干事 secretary-general;commiioner

总指挥 commander-in-chief; generaliimo

总领事 consul-general

总监 chief inspector; inspector-general；chief impresario

总厨 head cook; chef

有些部门或机构的首长或主管的英译，可以用一些通用的头衔词表示，例如下列机构的负责人可以用 director, head 或 chief 来表示：

司（部属）department

厅（省属）department

署（省属）office（行署为administrative office）

局 bureau

所 institute

处 division

科 section

股 section

室 office

教研室 program / section

例：

局长 director of the bureau; head of the bureau; bureau chief。

国务院 the State Council 属下的部为 ministry，所以部长叫作 minister。 另外，公署专员叫作commiioner，其办事机构叫作“专员公署”，英语为 prefectural commiioner\'s office。

汉语中表示副职的头衔一般都冠以“副”字，英译时需视词语的固定搭配或表达习惯等情况，可选择 vice, aociate, aistant, deputy 等词。相对而言，vice 使用面较广，例如：

副总统（或大学副校长等）vice president

副主席（或系副主任等）vice chairman

副总理 vice premier

副部长 vice minister

副省长 vice governor

副市长 vice mayor

副领事 vice consul

副校长（中小学）vice principal

行政职务的副职头衔与学术头衔的“副”职称往往用不同的词表达，最为常用的英语词是 aociate，例如：

副教授 aociate profeor

副研究员 aociate research fellow

副主编 aociate managing editor

副编审 aociate senior editor

副审判长 aociate judge

副研究馆员 aociate research fellow of ...(e.g.library science)

副译审 aociate senior translator

副主任医师 aociate senior doctor

当然，有些英语职位头衔，如 manager 和 headmaster，其副职头衔可冠以 aistant，例如：

副总经理 aistant / deputy general manager; aistant / deputy managing director 大堂副理（宾馆）aistant manager

副校长（中小学）aistant headmaster

以 director 表示的职位的副职常以 deputy director 表示。此外，secretary, mayor, dean 等头衔的副职也可冠以 deputy，例如：

副秘书长 deputy secretary-general

耐书记 deputy secretary

副市长 deputy mayor

副院长 deputy dean

学术头衔系列除了含“正”“副”级别的高级职称和中级职称外，还有初级职称如“助理”，“助理”常用 aistant 来表示，例如：

助理教授 aistant profeor

助理研究员 aistant research fellow

助理工程师 aistant engineer

助理编辑 aistant editor

助理馆员 aistant research fellow of...(e.g.library science)

助理教练 aistant coach

助理农艺师 aistant agronomist

还有一些行业的职称头衔，其高级职称不用“正”或“副”表示，而直接用“高级”或“资深”来表示，我们可以用 senior 来称呼，例如：

高级编辑 senior editor

高级工程师 senior engineer

高级记者 senior reporter

高级讲师 senior lecturer

高级教师 senior teacher

高级农艺师 senior agronomist

有一些行业的职称或职务系列中，最高级别的职位冠以“首席”一词，英语常用 chief 来表示：

首席执行官 chief executive officer (CEO)

首席法官 chief judge

首席顾问 chief advisor

首席检察官 chief inspector / prosecutor

首席仲裁员 chief arbitrator

首席监事 chief supervisor

首席播音员 chief announcer / broadcaster

首席代表 chief representative

首席记者 chief correspondent

除了用“总”、“高级”、“首席”等词语来表示一些机构或行业的最高级职务之外，还有一些高级职务则使用带“长”字的头衔，例如：

检察长 procurator-general

审判忙 presiding judge；chief judge；chief of judges

护士长 head nurse

秘书长 secretary-general

参谋长 chief of staff

厨师长 head cook，chef

有些头衔会含诸如“代理”、“常务”、“执行”、“名誉”这类称谓语，例如：

代理市长，代理总理，代理主任

常务理事，常务副校长

执行主席，执行主任，执行秘书

名誉校长，名誉会长

一般说来，“代理”可译作 acting，例如：

代理市长 acting mayor

代理总理 acting premier

代理主任 acting director

“常务”可以 managing 表示，例如：

常务理事 managing director

常务副校长 managing vice president（亦可作 first vice mayor）

“执行”可译作 executive，例如：

执行主任executive director

执行秘书executive secretary

执行主席executive chairman（也可译作presiding chairman）

“名誉”译为honorary，例如：

名誉校长 honorary president / principal

名誉主席、会长 honorary chairman / president（也可用 emeritus 表示，如 emeritus chairman / president）

有些职称或职务带有“主任”、“主治”、“特级”厂特派，、“特约”等头衔，英译

不尽相同，例如：

主任编辑 aociate senior editor

主任秘书 chief secretary

主任医师 senior doctor

主任护士 senior nurse

主治医师 attending / chief doctor; physician; consultant

特级教师 special-grade senior teacher

特派记者 accredited correspondent

特派员/专员 commiioner

特约编辑 contributing editor

特约记者 special correspondent

许多职称、职务的头衔称谓其英语表达法难以归类，需要日积月累，逐步登录在自己的称谓语料库中。以下所列举是其中的一部分：

办公室主任 office manager （如“校长办公室主任” manager of president\'s office） 财务主任 treasurer

车间主任 workshop manager / director

编审 senior editor

博导（博士生导师）doctoral student supervisor

研究生导师 graduate student tutor

客座教授 visiting profeor

院士 academician

译审 senior translator

村长 village head

领班 captain；foreman；gaffer

经纪人 broker

税务员 tax collector

研究管员 research fellow of...（如“图书馆研究管员” research fellow of library science）

股票交易员 stock dealer

红马夹 (stock exchange) floor broker

业务经理 service/busine/operation manager

住院医生 resident (doctor); registrar

国际大师 international master

注册会计师 chartered / certified public accountant; registered / incorporated accountant

我国有一些常见的荣誉称号 （honorary title） 在许多英语国家没有对应的表达语，现列举部分英译供参考：

标兵 pacemaker

学习标兵 student pacemaker; model student

劳动模范 model worker

模范教师 model teacher

优秀教师 excellent teacher

优秀员工 outstanding employee; employee of the month / year

青年标兵 model youth / youth pacemaker

三好学生 \"triple-A\" outstanding student; outstanding student

三八妇女红旗手 \"March 8th Red Banner\" outstanding woman pacemaker

推荐第4篇：口译

河北联合大学

翻译硕士基础口译期末作业

专 业 ： 英语翻译 班 级 ： 2013级研10班 姓 名 ： 李楠 （女） 学 号 ：

2013218111

口译课心得体会

这一学期很快就要结束了，首先要感谢雪玉老师在口译课中对我的指导与帮助，谢谢雪玉老师，您辛苦了！通过这一学期的学习，我收获了很多。对口译这门课程或者说这一概念有了更深的了解，学习到了更多的理论，得到了更多的练习和锻炼，自己的各个方面都有所提高；也找到了自己在口译这一方面的缺点和不足，知道了自己在这一方面还有很多要学习和提高的方面。

首先，口译员的角色是桥梁，应该懂得双方的真实意义，找到自己的正确位置，翻译时一定要用第一人称。其次，还要明白口译与笔译的区别：工作环境不同，工作方法不同，反馈形式不同，质量标准也不同。最后，口译员首先应具备三个支柱：双语能力即听说能力，言外知识包括百科知识和专业主题知识，口译技能包括口译听辨、记忆、笔记等技能；其次，口译员还需具备口译工作的心理和身体素质，如出色的记忆力、快速的反应力等，并且要有跨文化交际的意识，以及良好的口译服务职业道德。这些都是以前我没有深刻体会过的，通过这一个学期的学习，我对口译这一领域有了全新的理解，知道了口译不仅仅是国际会议中的翻译才能称之为口译，只要有了这一翻译过程，就可以称之为口译，比如联络口译，陪同口译，社区口译，法庭口译，医疗口译等等。我以前曾经认为反正我肯定不会成为一名口译员，所以这些我不需要锻炼和练习。但是通过这一学期的学习，我懂得了口译的种类之后，我知道了自己也有可能会扮演口译员的角色，而对于口译员的能力要求我更是差得很远，但是这一个学期的练习和锻炼之后，我的听说译能力都有了很大的提高。

在这一学期中，在雪玉老师的指导下，我学习了很多的口译理论，涉及了各个方面的英语新闻，做了很多的口译笔记，学习了很多和口译方面有关的知识。首先，理论方面有释义派的理论，还有著名口译研究者Gile 提出的口译理解公式等等。这些理论使我能够更好的进行英语口译，提高自己的能力，找到自己的不足之处。这些理论让我明白听力理解对于口译很重要，对于记忆力要求很高，准备言外知识要充分。其次，口译笔记和听力理解方面有很多自己要学习、积累、加强的方面。笔记很重要，但也要正确的对待笔记存在的意义，要知道笔记是要辅助记忆力的，所以要学会记笔记。而提到笔记我不得不提的就是听力理解，要知道口译不是以前自己做听力题，口译不仅要听懂主要的意思，还要记得相关的细节，这些同样重要，因为口译员是桥梁。这两方面是我应该提高的方面，词汇量需要提高因为它是提高听力理解能力的基础，大量的练习是必须的，而涉及各个方面的新闻扩充自己的百科知识也是必不可少的一方面。

通过写这些心得体会，让我了解到自己这一学期的收获和不足，也为我下学期的学习指明了方向。听力理解和笔记方面虽然有所提高，但是还需不断加强练习，不断巩固；词汇量需要继续扩充，各类新闻应多多涉猎，扩大自己的视野；口语有所提高，但是一些音还需不断练习。综上所述，希望老师对我的分析和总结进行指导和批评，谢谢老师！

推荐第5篇：口译

• Spring Festival is usually celebrated from the 1st day to the 15th day of the first month in lunar calendar.

Or [… from the 1st day to the 15th day of the first lunar (moon) month. ]

Special days >>>

大年夜

Spring Festival Eve

大年初一

the 1st day of the lunar new year

the beginning of the lunar new year 年画

New year painting Set off firecrackers Chinese knot

中国结

During this Festival

▪ a happy family-get-together • • • • • • reunion dinner (s) Spring Festival Gala 春节联欢晚会 Stay up 守岁

Bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new year 辞旧岁迎新年 Gift money / red-packet money 压岁钱 Pay new year’s visit 拜年

• Dragon dance; lion dance • Travel ; a good rest; … ② 元宵节 the lantern festival • The fifteenth day of the first month in lunar calendar What is the traditional custom of the Chinese in this festival? • Enjoy the Yuan Xiao, a kind of glutinous rice ball, with various mince in it.Appreciate the lantern Play with the riddles on the lantern 端午节Dragon Boat Day The fifth day of the fifth month in lunar calendar.What is the traditional custom in this festival? Enjoy the glutinous rice dumplings.Dragon boat Sachet 香包 Wear a sachet Herbs 药草

Hang herbs by the door The legend of this festival 七夕Double 7th day Long, long ago, there was an honest and kind-hearted fellow named Niu Lang (Cowhand).His parents died when he was a child.Later he was driven out of his home by his sister-in-law.So he lived by himself herding cattle and farming.One day, a fairy from heaven Zhi Nu (Weaver Maid) fell in love with him and came down secretly to earth and married him.The cowhand farmed in the field and the Weaver Maid wove at home.They lived a happy life and gave birth to a boy and a girl.Unfortunately, the God of Heaven soon found out the fact and ordered the Queen Mother of the Western Heavens to bring the Weaver Maid back.

• With the help of celestial cattle, the Cowhand flew to heaven with his son and daughter.At the time when he was about to catch up with his wife, the Queen Mother took off one of her gold hairpins and made a stroke.One billowy river appeared in front of the Cowhand.The Cowhand and Weaver Maid were separated on the two banks forever and could only feel their tears.Their loyalty to love touched magpies, so tens of thousands of magpies came to build a bridge for the Cowhand and Weaver Maid to meet each other.The Queen Mother was eventually moved and allowed them to meet each year on the 7th of the 7th lunar month.Hence their meeting date has been called "Qi Xi" (Double Seventh).

中秋The mid-autumn day • The fifteenth day of the eighth month in lunar calendar What is the custom in this festival? • Enjoy the moon cake Appreciate the moon The legend of moon 重阳节Double ninth day • The 9th day of the 9th lunar month is the traditional Chongyang Festival, or Double Ninth Festival. •

• It usually falls in October in the Gregorian calendar.In an ancient and mysterious book Yi Jing, or The Book of Changes, number "6" was thought to be of Yin character, meaning feminine or negative, while number "9" was thought to be Yang, meaning masculine or positive.So the number nine in both month and day create the Double Ninth Festival, or Chongyang Festival.

The custom of ascending a height to avoid epidemics was paed down from long time ago.Therefore, the Double Ninth Festival is also called "Height Ascending Festival".The height people will reach is usually a mountain or a tower.Ancient literary figures have left many poems depicting the activity.Even today, people still swarm to famous or little known mountains on this day.Chong in Chinese means “double.” Also, as double ninth was pronounced the same as the word to signify “forever“(久), both are "Jiu Jiu," the Chinese ancestors considered it an auspicious day worth celebration.That's why ancient Chinese began to celebrate this festival long time ago.LESSON 1—RECEPTION & CEROMONIAL SPEECH

I.Vocabulary and Sentence Patterns 1.Vocabulary 尊敬的朋友们 Distinguished/Honorable/Respected friends 各位来宾,在座各位

all the (distinguished) guests, all the present here 欢聚一堂 enjoy this happy get-together 庆祝成立…一周年 celebrate the 1st Anniversary of the establishment of … 庆祝中华人民共和国成立四十五周年招待会

Reception Celebrating the 45th Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China 隆重庆祝 grand celebration 以……名义 in the name of 本着……精神 in the spirit of 由衷的谢意 heartfelt thanks 纪念

in honor of ; to honor; in commemoration of; to observe 庆祝

in celebration of ; to celebrate; to observe 热情友好的欢迎辞 gracious speech of welcome 提供全方位的服务 to offer an all-round service to...竭诚 do one's best，spare no efforts。 坦诚相待 ...in an honest partnership 接待... to play host to ...; to receive/ host …

学校的全体师生员工 all the faculty, students and staff of the university 向...表示热烈欢迎 to extend one's warm welcome to ...格林博士和夫人

Dr.and Mrs.Green 友好合作关系 the friendly relations and co-operations 值此...之际,...On the occasion of....就...问题进行发言 to addre the meeting on the topic of...在这举国同庆的夜晚 On the occasion of this evening of national celebration 外国来宾

overseas visitors/guests 尽情品尝中国的传统美酒和佳肴have a good time enjoying the finest traditional Chinese cuisine and wine 彼此沟通,增进友谊

to get to know each other and to promote our friendship 热情的迎接和款待 warm reception and hospitality 令人愉快,难以忘怀! ….be truly pleasant and enjoyable and most memorable 中美合资企业 a Sino-American joint venture 富有(中华民族文化)特色的......With … characteristics

安排了...的旅游路线 offer you...a tour program/an itinerary 景点和名胜 scenic spots and historical sites 观赏

appreciate 地方风味小吃

local delicacies 专程造访

come all the way

精心安排 a thoughtful/considerate arrangement

为…举行宴会/宴请 to host a dinner/banquet/luncheon in honor of … 欢迎宴会

welcome dinner 便宴

informal dinner，light meal 工作午餐

working luncheon 自助餐 buffet dinner 答谢宴会 return dinner 告别宴会

farewell dinner 招待会

reception 鸡尾酒会

cocktail party 茶话会 tea part 举行会议/研讨会/大会/座谈会/学术报告会

hold a meeting/ seminar/ conference / forum/ symposium 赞助人/主办人/承办人/协办人

patron/sponsor/organizer/co-organizer 举行谈判 enter into negotiation 交涉

make representations with sb.on sth./deal with sb.事物性会谈 talks at working level 对口会谈

counterpart talks 议程项目items on the agenda 开幕会议

opening seion 全体会议 plenary seion 开场白

introduction 情况介绍 presentation 小组讨论

panel discuion 2.Sentence Patterns 我非常感谢...Thank you very much for.../I’d like to thank … for….这次访问使我有机会…(The visit will) give me an (excellent) opportunity to...我们很高兴...It gives us great pleasure to.../We are so pleased/ honored to… 我要为...，再次表达我的愉快之情和荣幸之感。

I wish to say again that I am so delighted and privileged to...我为能有机会..向....致以深深的谢意.

I would like to expre my deep appreciation to ...for this opportunity to...我多年来一直盼望…

I have been looking forward to ...for (many) years 你若不在意的话，..If you don't mind, I’d like to…

我相信...

I believe that…; I am convinced/ confident that...祝大家... wish you all...基于...,...Considering the fact that.../ ...Based on the fact that… 现在我提议，为了…和…之间的合作，为了…的健康，干杯！

At this point, I propose a toast to the cooperation between…and…,to the health of…,cheers! 最后，我借主人的酒，提议为…干杯！

Lastly, taking up this gla of fine wine, I propose a toast to … 值此节日之际,我向…致以节日的祝贺.On the occasion of the festival, I would like to extend the greetings to ...Propose a toast…

为此，我向总理，向我们的中国客人提议，为美中两国关系的继续推进乾杯。

为我们两国和我们邻国的光明未来、为我们面临的建立安全、繁荣与和平的世界的重任乾杯。

And so I would like to propose a toast to the Premier, and to our Chinese colleagues: Toast to the continued advancement of relations between the United States and China. To a bright future for our nations and our neighbors, and to the work ahead of us to build a secure, prosperous and peaceful world.

现在我提议,为布什总统和夫人的健康,为中美两国友谊的万古长青,为中美的繁荣富强,干杯! Now I would like to propose a toast to the health of President and Mrs.Bush, to the everlasting friendship between the U.S.A and china and the prosperity of the two countries! Cheers!

表示感谢,敬意等

主席先生，我怀着非常愉快的心情出席本届年会。值此大会开幕之际，我为能有机会就和平与发展问题进行发言，谨向东道主致以深深的谢意。与此同时，我向所有与会代表致以崇高的敬意。

Mr.Chairman, I am very pleasant to attend this current annual meeting.On the occasion of the opening ceremony, I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to our host for the given opportunity to addre the meeting on the topic of peace and development.And meanwhile,I would like to expre my deepest respect to all the present here.

我希望能借此机会,代表我的同事,感谢您热情的迎接和款待.在中国的这六天,真的是非常令人愉快,难以忘记.I wish to take this opportunity to thank you on behalf of all my colleagues for your warm reception and incomparable hospitality.The past six days in China have been truly pleasant and enjoyable, and most memorable.

今天贵国外交部国际研究中心邀请我到这里发表演讲,我感到很荣幸.首先,我代表中国政府和人民,并以我个人的名义,向贵国人民致以亲切的问候和良好的祝愿!向在座的以及一切为我们两国友谊做出贡献的各届人士,表示衷心的感谢! Today, I am very honored to be here and addre at the invitation of your international studies center of the ministry of foreign affairs of your country.First, on behalf of the chinese government and people, and in my own name, I would like to give our best greetings and wishes to your people! and to extend our heartfelt thanks to all the present here and those who have contributed to the friendship between our two peoples.

首先，我感谢莱文校长的邀请，使我有机会来到世界著名学府耶鲁大学，同青年朋友和老师们相聚在一起。

Let me begin by thanking you, Mr.Levin, for your kind invitation and the opportunity to come to Yale to meet young friends and teachers of this world-renowned university.I have been looking forward to …

• Background knowledge近年来，中国的乳制品行业问题频发，问题牛奶、过期牛奶、有毒奶粉层出不穷，不仅蚕食着人们的身体健康，更危及着人们对整个行业的信任。

病例：

2004： 大头娃娃

2008：三聚氰胺导致肾结石等 Practice

1 VOCABULARY 1 • Scandal

丑闻

… scandal 关于……的丑闻 • Dairy group

Dairy firm • Milk powder • Malnourishment

Listen and fill in the blanks ________ in China has been a big _______ for many years. ________ involving ___________ have _________ one after another since __________.• A ___________ scandal _________ the nation in 2004.Hundreds of ________________ nationwide after _________ milk powder.Many developed ____________,where their heads appeared _______________compared to their bodies._____infants, mostly from________, ________of malnutrition.

Vocabulary 2

• Come into the spotlight • Diagnose 诊断，判断 • Kidney stone 肾结石

• A milk safety scandal ___________again in _______.Hundreds of thousands of ________were ______________after being _______ with milk powder produced by the________, one of China's ________dairy firms.Background knowledge 北京时间2011年7月5日早9:36，地铁四号线动物园站A口上行电扶梯发生设备故障，正在搭乘电梯的部分乘客出现摔倒情况。京港地铁公司启动相关应急预案，受伤乘客均已送往医院救治。

Practice 2 Vocabulary: escalator 电动浮梯 Subway stop

地铁站

Metro

subway

underground Subway Line 4：地铁4号线

municipal government's information office 市政府新闻办公室

emergency response：紧急预案

An _______accident at a Beijing subway stop has left ____________________, _______of them seriously.The accident _________around _______local time __________the ___________ on Subway Line _____.

• The municipal government's information office said some people _______on the escalator after______________ • The company said it has already ________________

and

________________. An _______into the accident_______________.Background knowledge 2011年4月8日，上海迪士尼乐园项目正式开工建设，投资245亿元，预计于5年后建成；中国将成为除美国本土外唯一一个拥有两个迪士尼乐园的国家。

Practice 3 • Vocabulary:Vocabulary: • 1.amusement park 游乐场 • 2.Hectares 公顷 • 3.ferry 摆渡，运送

ferry visitors in and out 运送游客 • 4.a commercial and restaurant complex

商业和餐饮中心 5.holiday resort 度假胜地

6.theme park

主题公园

• ________of the world’s ______________ will______________________.

According to the plan, the Disneyland will______________, and include _______, ________________ and__________.

• ______________will be able

to_____________,

and

experts

suspect

___________________will eventually be _________ around the Disneyland.

• That would likely ________ its profit from _____________ , and the remaining _________ from _____________ and ________ • The park, which is ____________ in______, is set to _______ in__________.

The Disneyland should be _______ as _________.It can _______________ of other industries such as _______________.Background knowledge 当地时间2011年7月16日，美国白宫方面无视中国政府的强烈反对，孤注一掷，悍然会见了藏独分子*喇嘛，严重违反了国际关系准则。而早已宣布“退休”的*顶着宗教领袖的头衔，在政治场合与美国总统会面。

vocabulary • Chinese Foreign Ministry 中国外交部 • separatist activities 分裂活动

Tibetan separatist 藏独分子 • abet 煽动，教唆

to abet a crime 教唆犯罪

abettor 唆使者 • abide by

遵守

abide by its promises

Tibet iue 西藏问题

• cautiously

谨慎地，慎重地

When my ankle is better, I may try to play basketball again, but I'll certainly play more cautiously! • The ______________ has __________ ___________ not to _________ with ____________, who's currently ______________ • ________________ Hong Lei says ___________________ by the Dalai Lama, adding that he ___________________ to ______________ • ________________ Hong Lei says ___________________ by the Dalai Lama, adding that he ___________________ to ______________ China reiterates that it __________________________________such __________ by the Dalai Lama.• Hong Lei says that China hopes __________________ on the________, while ______ and ______ ____________ relevant situations.Background knowledge 据新华社电 7月15日上午，国家主席胡锦涛在北京中南海亲切会见了一批来自大洋彼岸的特别客人，他们是应邀来华访问的美国芝加哥市佩顿中学师生。

vocabulary 1.Walter Payton College Preparatory High School 芝加哥沃特佩顿大学预备高中

2.take sb.up on sth.

[oral] 接受(某人的邀请,挑战等) 3.State visit 国事访问

postpone the state visit due to civil war a 2-day state visit 4.picture albums 图画集,相片集 5.calligraphy brushes 毛笔

Calligraph

书法,字迹/

Calligrapher, calligraphist

书法家

• Cap off sth.=finish, complete sth.• Recite 背诵 • • • • A tang dynasty poem Song poem Yuan dynasty drama SINO-US relations

___________________ has _______ with ___________________________ at his ___________ in _____________.• In___________, President Hu visited ________________________________ in Chicago during his ____________ to the US. •

• He ___________ the school's _____________ and _____________________ to __________ this summer.•

• The students ___________ on the ______ on Friday, by ______________.President Hu _____________________ and __________ with _________ of the students. • The students ________ the Chinese president with _________ including __________to their school.Hu gave the students

Zhongnanhai

____________

,

_______________and ______________________in________.

The students _________________ by ____________________ for President Hu that included ______________________.

_________the

show,

President

Hu

said __________________________________  1.Sichuan food is famous for its numerous varieties of delicacies and strong flavors, and is best known for being spicy-hot. 2.Cantonese cuisine emphasizes light cooking with seemingly limitle range of ingredients. 3.The careful coordination of such a series of delicate activities as selecting ingredients, mixing flavors, timing the cooking, controlling the heat and finally, laying out the food on the plate for the table are the typical characteristics of Chinese food. 4.Nearly endle variety of natural ingredients and methods of preparation are employed in Chinese cuisine/cooking. 5.May I propose a toast to the health of His Excellency the Ambaador and Mrs.Smith?

 1 谢谢史密斯先生的热情洋溢的欢迎词，感谢欧中贸协的盛情邀请和热情款待。  2 我非常高兴有机会出席这次欧中贸协合午餐报告会。  3 中餐先上冷盘，而西餐则先上汤。

 4 请允许我邀请各位与我一起举杯，为我们双方的友谊和合作干杯。  5 请尝尝我的拿手菜。

1 谢谢史密斯先生的热情洋溢的欢迎词，感谢欧中贸协的盛情邀请和热情款待。

 1.I'd like to thank Chairman De Wit for his very warm welcome remarks and my thanks also go to the Europe-China Busine Aociation and the Belgium Chinese Economic and Commercial Council for the kind invitation and warm hospitality. 2. 我非常高兴有机会出席这次欧中贸协合午餐报告会I'm very delighted to have the opportunity to be at this reception jointly hosted by EU-China Busine Aociation and Belgium Chinese Economic and Commercial Council.

 3.中餐先上冷盘，而西餐则先上汤。 Chinese dinner offers cold dishes first, but western-style food offers soup first.4.请允许我邀请各位与我一起举杯，为我们双方的友谊和合作干杯May I ask you to join me in a toast to our friendship and cooperation?

 鲁菜通常较咸，汁色普遍较浅。鲁菜注重选料，精于刀工，善于炊技。作为我国北方菜系的代表，鲁菜烹饪技术广泛用于明清两代的宫廷菜。川菜选料范围大，调味及炊技变化多样。据统计，川菜的品种在五千种以上。川菜最大的特点是口味重，以麻辣著称。 Shandong cuisine is generally salty, with a prevalence of light-colored sauces.The dishes feature choice of materials, adept technique in slicing and perfect cooking skills.Shandong cuisine is representative of northern China's cooking and its technique has been widely absorbed by the imperial dishes of the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644 - 1911) dynasties.Sichuan cuisine features a wide range of materials, various seasonings and different cooking techniques.Statistics show that the number of Sichuan dishes has surpaed 5,000.With a rich variety of strong flavors, Sichuan food is famous for its numerous varieties of delicacies, dominated by peppery and chili flavors and best known for being spicy-hot.//  最难归类的粤菜强调轻炒浅煮，选料似乎不受限制。粤菜源于明清，在发展过程中不仅吸收借鉴了中国北方烹调和西餐烹调的精华，同时也保持了自己的传统特色。扬州菜以江苏省境内的扬州、南京、苏州等地的地方菜式为基础之大成。扬州菜注重选料的原汁原味，在菜的装饰上讲究形态的艺术性和颜色的鲜艳性，扬州菜实际上糅合了南北菜系之精华。也有人以八个字来归纳这四大菜系的口味特点，即“南淡北咸，东甜西辣”。 Cantonese cuisine, the hardest to categorize, emphasizes light cooking with seemingly limitle range of ingredients.Cantonese cuisine took shape in the Ming and Qing dynasties.In the proce of its development, it has borrowed the culinary eence of northern China and of the Western-style food, while maintaining its traditional local flavor.Yangzhou cuisine bases itself largely on the three local cooking styles of Yangzhou, Nanjing and Suzhou, all within Jiangsu Province.While emphasizing the original flavors of well-chosen materials, it features carefully selected ingredients, also, the artistic shape and bright colors of the dishes and more ornamental value.Yangzhou cuisine is eentially a combination of the best elements of northern and southern cooking.According to some others, the characteristic flavors of China’s four major cuisines can be summed up in the following expreion: “The light southern (Canton) cuisine, and the salty northern (Shangdong) cuisine; the sweet eastern (Yangzhou) cuisine, and the spicy western (Sichuan) cuisine.”//

 President Gao, Distinguished guests, Our Chinese Friends, Ladies and Gentlemen,  It is a special honor for me to have a chance to speak on behalf of all the members of our delegation, I would like to expre our sincere thanks to president Gao for inviting us, and for all the hard work and thought you have given to the arrangements for our visit.We are also grateful for such a marvelous dinner tonight.

I hope that we shall all enjoy the busine exchanges and friendly contact in the following days.Every member of our delegations hopes that the rate of trade between the two countries will increase in the future through our mutual efforts.And I think that only by free flow of visitors can trade develop satisfactorily.

 I’m very impreed by the hospitality and warmth by which you have received us.You must have had a very busy time making all the preparations.We are especially thankful to you for arranging all the preparations.We are especially thankful to you for arranging the meeting and everything that you have done on our account.I hope that Mr.Gao and other Chinese friends will be able to visit our country in the future, so that we will have the chance to be host and return some of your kindne.

 Quite apart from busine contracts, these meetings will surely help enhance the understanding and friendship between us.Well begun is half done, as we say.I hope this will pave the way for further busine relations between our two countries.  In closing, I would like to invite you to join me in a toast.To the trade and friendship between us! To the health of our Chinese friends! Cheers !  女士们，先生们：

 我代表本公司向应邀前来访问的美国Star公司代表团表示热烈的欢迎。据我所知，有关人士正在为代表团安排了一个全面的参观计划。对此，我无需赘述。

 我刚刚听到我们两家公司已达成建立合资公司的协议。这使我们两家公司的合作大大向前迈进了一步。我相信，我们正在加拿大访问的董事长一定希望我能代表本公司向在座的各位表达一下，我们得知这个好消息时的兴奋心情。

 除了贸易以外，你们的来访肯定会加强我们彼此之间的友谊和合作。俗话说，“良好的开端是成功的一半”。 我深信，你们的这次访问将会带来更多的交流和合作。

 最后请各位举杯，为我们的合作和友谊，为在座的各位健康干杯！

推荐第6篇：口译

高级口译外事接待笔记礼仪专用外语祝词

开幕/闭幕式 opening/closing ceremony 开幕词 opening speech/addre 致开幕词 make an opening speech 友好访问 goodwill visit

阁下 Your/His/Her Honor/Excellency 贵宾 distinguished guest 尊敬的市长先生 Respected Mr.Mayor 远道而来/来自大洋彼岸的朋友 friends coming from a distant land/the other side of the Pacific 东道国 host country 宣布……开幕 declare……open 值此之际 on the occasion of 借此机会 take this opportunity to 以……名义 in the name of 本着……精神 in the spirit of 代表 on the behalf of

由衷的谢意 heartfelt thanks 友好款待 gracious hospitality 正式邀请 official invitation 回顾过去 look back on 展望未来 look ahead/look into the future 最后 in closing 圆满成功 a complete succe 提议祝酒 propose a toast 第二部分 词语扩展

一、政治词汇

亚太地区 Asian-Pacific region 建交 establishment of diplomatic relations between 互访 exchange of visit 外交政策 foreign policy 一贯奉行 in persistent pursuit of平等互利 equality and mutual benefit 双边关系 bilateral relations 持久和平lasting peace

二、政治词汇 贸易额 trade volume 商业界 busine community 跨国公司 transnational corporation 经济强国/经济大国/经济列强（视具体情况翻译）economic power 第三部分 例句 1.我愿借此机会，代表我们代表团的全体成员，对我们东道主的诚挚邀请，表示真诚的谢意。 On the behalf of all the members of my miion, I would like to take this opportunity to expre our sincere thanks to our host for their earnest invitation.2.现在，我愉快地宣布第二十二届万国邮政联盟大会开幕。

Now, I have the pleasure to declare the 22nd Universal Postal Congre open.3.我很荣幸地代表中国政府和人民向来自联合王国的代表团表示热烈的欢迎。

I have the honor to expre this warm welcome on behalf of the Chinese Government and people to the delegation from the United Kingdom.4.我谨向各位表示最热烈的欢迎。

I would like to extend my warmest welocme to all of you.5.我预祝大会圆满成功！

I wish the conference a complete succe!

高级口译笔记——外事接待（reception) 第一部分 基本词汇 日程安排 schedule

预订 reserve

根据……的要求 upon……request 专程造访 come all the way 精心安排 a thoughtful arrangement 排忧解难 help out 第二部分 词语扩展 机场大楼 terminal building 候机大厅 waiting hall

起飞时间 departure/take-off time

抵达时间 arrival time 海关 the Customs

往返票 round-trip ticket

入境/出境/旅游签证 entry/exit/tourist visa 免税商店 duty-free shop 豪华套房 luxury suite

单/双人房 single/double room 第三部分 例句

1.You must be our long-expected guest,……

2.Excuse me, I haven't had the honor of knowing you.3.I'm glad to have the honor of introducing…… 4.Small world, isn't it? 5.Thank you for coming all the way to our company.6.I hop you'll enjoy your stay here.7.host a receptipn banquet in your honor

高级口译笔记——称谓口译

一、以“总……”表示的首席长官，可选择general、chief、head这类词表示。总书记 general secretary 总工程师 chief engineer 总会计师 chief accountant 总经理 general manager 总代理 general agent 总教练 head coach

二、一些行业的职称头衔，直接用“高级”或“资深”来表示，可用"senior"来称呼。高级记者 senior reporter 高级讲师 senior lecturer

三、“首席”英语常用chief来表达。

首席执行官 chief cxecutive officer(CEO) 首席顾问 chief advisor 首席检察官 chief inspector

四、还有一些高级职务带“长”字，例如： 参谋长 chief of staff 护士长 head nurse 秘书长 secretary-general

五、以“副”字的表示副职的行政职务头衔，可用vice、deputy表达。副总统 vice president 副主席 vice chairman 副总理 vice minister 副秘书长 deputy secretary-general 副书记 deputy secretary 副市长 deputy mayor

六、学术头衔的“副”职称，常用aociate表示。副教授 aociate profeor

副研究员 aociate research fellow 副审判长 aociate judge 副主任医师 aociate doctor

七、学术头衔中的初级职称如“助理”，我们可以用aistant来称呼。助理教授 aistant profeor 助理研究员 aistant research fellow 助理工程师 aistant engineer

八、一般说来，“代理”可译作acting,例如： 代理市长 acting mayor 代理总理 acting premier 代理主任 acting director

九、常务”可以用“managing"表示。常务理事 managing director 常务副校长 managing vice president

十、执行”可译作executive 执行秘书 executive secretary 执行主席 executive chairman 十

一、还有很多称谓的英语表达方式难以归类，这就需要我们日积月累，逐步总结。例如： 办公室主任 office manager 车间主任 workshop manager 客座教授 visiting profeor 村长 village head 税务员 tax collector 股票交易员 stock dealer 十

二、最后是我们国家特有的一些荣誉称号的口译。劳动模范 model worker

优秀员工 ortstanding employee 标兵 pacemaker

三好学生 "triple-A" outstanding student; outstanding student 美国人最爱用的个性短语!超全,超native! Thousand times no! 绝对办不到！

Easy does it.慢慢来。

Don't push me.别逼我。 Have a good of it.玩的很高兴。

What is the fu？ 吵什么？ Still up？ 还没睡呀？

It doesn't make any differences.没关系。 Don't let me down.别让我失望。

God works.上帝的安排。

Don't take ill of me.别生我气。

Does it serve your purpose？ 对你有用吗？

Don't flatter me.过奖了。

Big mouth! 多嘴驴！ Sure thing! 当然！

I''m going to go.我这就去。 Never mind.不要紧。

Can-do.能人。 Close-up.特写镜头。

Drop it! 停止！

Bottle it! 闭嘴！

Don''t play poum! 别装蒜！

There is nobody by that name working here.这里没有这个人。

Break the rules.反规则。

How big of you! 你真棒！

Poor thing! 真可怜！

Nuts! 呸；胡说；混蛋

Make it up! 不记前嫌！

Watch you mouth.注意言辞。

Any urgent thing？ 有急事吗？

Don't over do it.别太过分了。

Can you dig it？ 你搞明白了吗？

You want a bet？ 你想打赌吗？

What if I go for you？ 我替你去怎么样？

Who wants？ 谁稀罕？

Follow my nose.凭直觉做某事。

Gild the lily.画蛇添足。

I'll be seeing you.再见。

I wonder if you can give me a lift？ 能让我搭一程吗？

I might hear a pin drop.非常寂静。

Why are you so sure？ 怎么这样肯定？

Is that so？ 是这样吗？

Don't get loaded.别喝醉了。

Don't get high hat.别摆架子。

Right over there.就在那里。

Doggy bag.打包袋。

That rings a bell.听起来耳熟。

Sleeping on both ears.睡的香。

Play hooky.旷工、旷课。

I am the one wearing pants in the house.我当家.

It's up in the air.尚未确定。

I am all ears.我洗耳恭听。

Get cold feet.害怕做某事。

Good for you! 好得很！

Help me out.帮帮我。

Let's bag it.先把它搁一边。

Lose head.丧失理智。

Talk truly.有话直说。

He is the pain on neck.他真让人讨厌。

You bet! 一定，当然！

That is a boy! 太好了，好极了！

It's up to you.由你决定。

The line is engaged.占线。

My hands are full right now.我现在很忙。

Don't make up a story.不要捏造事实。

Absence makes the heart grow fonder.小别胜新婚。

She make a me of things.她把事情搞得一塌糊涂。

Get an eyeful.看个够。

He has a quick eye.他的眼睛很锐利。

Shoot the breeze.闲谈。

Tell me when! 随时奉陪！

Let's play it by ear.让我们随兴所至。

Why so blue？ 怎么垂头丧气？

What brought you here？ 什么风把你吹来了？

Chin up.不气 ，振作些。

You never know.世事难料。

High jack! 举起手来(抢劫)！

She'll be along in a few minutes.他马上会过来。

He is a fast talker.他是个吹牛大王。

I'll get even with him one day.我总有一天跟他扯平

She's got quite a wad.她身怀巨款。

I don't have anywhere to be.没地方可去。

I'm dying to see you.我很想见你。

Nothing tricky.别耍花招。

Price is soaring, if it goes on like this, we shall not be able to keep the pot boiling. 物价直线上升，这样子下去，我们锅里可没什么东西煮饭。

None of you keyhole.不准偷看。

Come on, be reasonable.嗨，你怎么不讲道理。

You don't say so.未必吧，不至于这样吧。

Don't get me wrong.别误会我。

You don't seem to be quite yourself today.你今天看起来不大对劲。

Do you have any money on you？ 你身上带钱了吗？

Dinner is on me.晚饭我请。

Not precisely! 不见得，不一定！

We have no way out.我们没办法。

I hate to be late and keep my date waiting.我不喜欢迟到而让别人久等。

It doesn't take much of you time.这不花你好多时间。

Not in the long run.从长远来说不是这样的。

It is of high quality.它质量上乘。

He pushes his luck.他太贪心了。

I can't make both ends meet.我上个月接不到下个月，缺钱。

It can be a killer.这是个伤脑筋的问题。

You ask for it! 活该！

英语口语中好用的四词短句

Are you by yourself? 你一个人来吗? Are you kidding me? 跟我开玩笑啊?

Back in a moment! 马上回来! Boys will be boys! 本性难移!

Come to the point! 有话直说! Do I have to? 我一定要做吗?

Don't count on me! 别指望我! Don't fall for it! 别上当!

Don't get me wrong! 你搞错了! Don't give me that! 少来这套!

Don't let me down! 别让我失望! Don't over do it! 别做过头了!

Drop me a line!要写信给我! Easy come easy go! 来得容易去也快! Get a move on! 快点吧! Give me a break! 饶了我吧!

Glad you like it! 很高兴你喜欢! Great minds think alike! 英雄所见略同!

He always talks big! 他老是吹牛! He's a double croer! 他是个骗子!

I cro my heart! 我发誓是真的! I just made it! 我做到了!

I watch my money! 视财如命! I'll be right back! 我马上回来!

I'll check it out! 我去查查看! I’ll see to it! 我会留意的! I'm down and out! 我穷困潦倒! I’m in a hurry! 我赶时间!

I’m not that bad! 我没那么差吧? I’m short on cash! 我缺钱!

I’ve got the blues! 我很郁闷!

If I were you...=if I were in your shoes如果我是你... It kills my eyes! 太好看了! It’s Greek to me! 我完全不懂!

It’s no big deal! 没什么大不了的! It’s worth a try! 值得一试!

Just wait and see! 等着瞧! Know what I mean? 明白我的意思吧?

Let’s change the subject! 换个话题吧! My mouth is watering! 我要流口水了! No pain no gain! 吃一堑长一智! None of your busine! 没你事! 全方位测测自己的英语水平>>

She’s under the weather! 她今天很忧郁! So far, so good! 还过得去!

Speaking of the devil! 说曹操,曹操到! Stay away from me! 离我远点!

That makes no difference! 不都一样吗? The walls have ears! 隔墙有耳!

We better get going! 最好马上就走! We’re all for it! 我们都赞成!

What’s on your mind? 你在想什么? You are the bo! 你是老大!

You asked for it! 你自讨苦吃! You have my word! 我保证!

You want a bet? 你敢打赌吗? You’re pulling my leg! 你开玩笑吧? You’re really killing me! 真是笑死我了!

推荐第7篇：口译

口译高频词汇

亚太经合组织APEC 石油输出国组织OPEC 东盟ASENA 上海合作组织SHCO 北西洋公约组织NATO 方兴未艾hasn\'t run its full course 礼仪规范etiquette patterns 政府换界government reshuffle 政企分开separate governmental functions from busine operation 技术改造technological upgrading 康复中心rehab center 西气东输transport the gas resources from the west to the eastern coastal cities 南水北调channel the water resources from the south to the thirsty north 借此机会on this occasion 盛情邀请gracious hospitality 深层次的原因the underlying reasons 拜访老朋友结交新朋友renew old friendships and establish new contacts 逐步淘汰phase out, 逐步引进phase in 招商引资 attract investments (from overseas) 政府搭台，部门推动，企业唱戏 Governments set up the stage, various departments cooperate and enterprise put in the show.知识产权 intellectual property rights 致命要害 Achilles\' heel 智囊团、思想库 the brain trust; think tank 中华世纪坛 China Millennium Monument 众口难调 It is difficult to cater to all tastes 综合国力 comprehensive national strength 抓住机遇 seize the opportunity 一言既出，驷马难追 A real man never goes back on his words.以经济建设为中心 focusing on the central task of economic construction 有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律 with lofty ideals, integrity, knowledge and a strong sense of discipline 与国际市场接轨 integrate with the world market; become integrated into the global market 欲速则不达 Haste does not bring succe.撞了一下腰knock into my waist搂住某人的腰hold sb by the waist 邂逅encounter 优化出口商品结构rationalize the export mix 产业结构industrial structure/能源结构energy mix 制定相关法律lay down/formulate a set of laws.颁布enact 立足中国，放眼世界take our root in China, and cast our sight to the world 在过去的几十年in the past several decades 国情national circumstances 全面推向现代化的进程中in an all-out drive for its modernization 基本国策a fundamental state policy 本着互惠互利精神in the spirit of mutual benefit 世人many people of world over 本末倒置put the cart before the horse 高度关注watch with interest 硕果累累yield more fruits in days to come 造福于民in the service of your people 既可耻又势利a shameful piece of snobbery 酗酒成性drunk brute 巴结cozy up to 个人主观能动性individual initiative 骄傲荣幸be proud and honored 字面意思literally means 翻了两番quadrupled 双方优势最大化maximizes he strengths of both parties 幅员辽阔maive land 自然资源丰富abundant natural resources 投资意向investment proposal 起步embark on 外汇储备foreign exchange reserve 权益关系the relation of rights and interest 合作期限the term of partnership 正合我意coincide with my ideas 大有收获a rewarding day 远道而来come all the way from 据说it is said that 正确的看法correct observation 特价special offer 月票monthly pa 穿梭于两地间的航班shuttle and commuter flights 获得诺贝尔奖的Nobel prize winning 自暴自弃的self-defeating 空谈futile talk 强制性化验mandatory testing 公务为先的心态the get-down-to-busine first mentality 商务活动busine practices 归属感a sense of belonging in a community 利与弊merit and demerit 气象万千diversity 民间组织non-governmental sector 文明的摇篮cradle of civilization 共同愿望a common aspiration 祝酒propose a toast 贸易集团trade bloc 政经一体化political and economic integration 远未能满足需求a far cry from meeting demands 相对来讲comparatively speaking 美妙音乐splendid music 融洽的气氛congenial atmosphere 热情雄辩的讲话gracious and eloquent remarks 不受外力干扰free of outside interference 嘉宾distinguished guests 明月当空moon-lit evening 全体同仁delicates 从百忙中拔冗光临take your time off your busy schedule 新春联欢晚会new year celebrating party 尽情品尝taste to your heat content 美酒佳肴cuisine and vintage wine 万事如意very best of lick of everything 借鉴merits one’s reference

分工协作division of responsibilities 拿固定工资的人pocket-protected people 付出惨重的代价take a heavy toll 性价比versioning 重视地位status-conscious 毗邻akin to / adjacent to /admit of / in the neighbourhood of 没有确定答案的问题 opening questions 得寸进尺give aninch take a mile 转租sublet; 租房房东letter 紧缩资金fiancial retrechment 让人心动eye-poping 张灯结彩festoon with lights 足疗师chiropodist 人才流失brain drain 隔墙有耳pitcher have ears 每天都活得精彩make every day counts 一笑而过grin and bear it 将人才收入麾下attract the right talent into their folds 绝妙图景marvelous picture 凄美beautiful and sad 尖端武器sophisticated weapon 色彩斑澜的城市生活sophisticated city life 不坐班no office hour 桃面朱唇rosy cheeks and red lips 眼前利益immediate yield 立杆见影instant effect 研究结果显示research findings show 竭诚seeks to 坦诚相待be honest and candid to each other 说梦话talk in sleep 钟点工accommodator 差旅费fares tickets 恍然大悟enlightening 攀登rise up to the heights 讲到心坎里echo te sentiments among the staff 历史源远流长a time honoured history 永不言败的精神作风never-say-die approach 回顾过去展望未来look forward look backward 求同存异seek common ground and put aside our differences 达成共识reach an agreement 推陈出新accumulation and innovation 金融英语词汇“译”网打尽（转）

account number 帐目编号 depositor 存户 pay-in slip 存款单 a deposit form 存款单

a banding machine 自动存取机 to deposit 存款

deposit receipt 存款收据 private deposits 私人存款 certificate of deposit 存单 deposit book, pabook 存折 credit card 信用卡 principal 本金

overdraft, overdraw 透支 to counter sign 双签 to endorse 背书 endorser 背书人 to cash 兑现

to honor a cheque 兑付 to dishonor a cheque 拒付 to suspend payment 止付 cheque,check 支票 cheque book 支票本 order cheque 记名支票 bearer cheque 不记名支票 croed cheque 横线支票 blank cheque 空白支票 rubber cheque 空头支票

cheque stub, counterfoil 票根 cash cheque 现金支票

traveler\'s cheque 旅行支票 cheque for transfer 转帐支票 outstanding cheque 未付支票 canceled cheque 已付支票 forged cheque 伪支票 Bandar\'s note 庄票，银票 banker 银行家 president 行长

savings bank 储蓄银行 Chase Bank 大通银行

National City Bank of New York 花旗银行

Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation 汇丰银行

Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麦加利银行 Banque de I\'IndoChine 东方汇理银行

central bank, national bank, banker\'s bank 中央银行 bank of iue, bank of circulation 发行币银行 commercial bank 商业银行，储蓄信贷银行 member bank, credit bank 储蓄信贷银行 discount bank 贴现银行 exchange bank 汇兑银行

requesting bank 委托开证银行

iuing bank, opening bank 开证银行 advising bank, notifying bank 通知银行 negotiation bank 议付银行 confirming bank 保兑银行 paying bank 付款银行

aociate banker of collection 代收银行 consigned banker of collection 委托银行 clearing bank 清算银行 local bank 本地银行 domestic bank 国内银行 overseas bank 国外银行 unincorporated bank 钱庄 branch bank 银行分行

trustee savings bank 信托储蓄银行 trust company 信托公司

financial trust 金融信托公司 unit trust 信托投资公司

trust institution 银行的信托部 credit department 银行的信用部

commercial credit company(discount company) 商业信贷公司（贴现公司） neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道储蓄所 credit union 合作银行 credit bureau 商业兴信所 self-service bank 无人银行 land bank 土地银行

construction bank 建设银行

industrial and commercial bank 工商银行 bank of communications 交通银行 mutual savings bank 互助储蓄银行

post office savings bank 邮局储蓄银行 mortgage bank, building society 抵押银行 industrial bank 实业银行 home loan bank 家宅贷款银行 reserve bank 准备银行 chartered bank 特许银行 corresponding bank 往来银行

merchant bank, accepting bank 承兑银行 investment bank 投资银行

import and export bank (EXIMBANK) 进出口银行 joint venture bank 合资银行 money shop, native bank 钱庄 credit cooperatives 信用社 clearing house 票据交换所 public accounting 公共会计 busine accounting 商业会计 cost accounting 成本会计

depreciation accounting 折旧会计 computerized accounting 电脑化会计 general ledger 总帐

subsidiary ledger 分户帐 cash book 现金出纳帐 cash account 现金帐

journal, day-book 日记帐，流水帐 bad debts 坏帐 investment 投资 surplus 结余

idle capital 游资

economic cycle 经济周期 economic boom 经济繁荣

economic receion 经济衰退 economic depreion 经济萧条 economic crisis 经济危机 economic recovery 经济复苏 inflation 通货膨胀 deflation 通货收缩 devaluation 货币贬值 revaluation 货币增值

international balance of payment 国际收支 favourable balance 顺差 adverse balance 逆差 hard currency 硬通货 soft currency 软通货

international monetary system 国际货币制度 the purchasing power of money 货币购买力 money in circulation 货币流通量 note iue 纸币发行量 national budget 国家预算

national gro product 国民生产总值 public bond 公债 stock, share 股票 debenture 债券

treasury bill 国库券 debt chain 债务链

direct exchange 直接（对角）套汇 indirect exchange 间接（三角）套汇 cro rate, arbitrage rate 套汇汇率

foreign currency (exchange) reserve 外汇储备 banker 银行家 president 行长

savings bank 储蓄银行 Chase Bank 大通银行

National City Bank of New York 花旗银行

Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation 汇丰银行

Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麦加利银行 Banque de I\'IndoChine 东方汇理银行

central bank, national bank, banker\'s bank 中央银行 bank of iue, bank of circulation 发行币银行 commercial bank 商业银行，储蓄信贷银行 member bank, credit bank 储蓄信贷银行 discount bank 贴现银行 exchange bank 汇兑银行

requesting bank 委托开证银行

iuing bank, opening bank 开证银行 advising bank, notifying bank 通知银行 negotiation bank 议付银行 confirming bank 保兑银行 paying bank 付款银行

aociate banker of collection 代收银行 consigned banker of collection 委托银行 clearing bank 清算银行 local bank 本地银行 domestic bank 国内银行 overseas bank 国外银行 unincorporated bank 钱庄 branch bank 银行分行

trustee savings bank 信托储蓄银行 trust company 信托公司

financial trust 金融信托公司 unit trust 信托投资公司

trust institution 银行的信托部 credit department 银行的信用部

commercial credit company(discount company) 商业信贷公司（贴现公司） neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道储蓄所 credit union 合作银行 credit bureau 商业兴信所 self-service bank 无人银行 land bank 土地银行

construction bank 建设银行

industrial and commercial bank 工商银行 bank of communications 交通银行 mutual savings bank 互助储蓄银行

post office savings bank 邮局储蓄银行 mortgage bank, building society 抵押银行 industrial bank 实业银行 home loan bank 家宅贷款银行 reserve bank 准备银行 chartered bank 特许银行 corresponding bank 往来银行

merchant bank, accepting bank 承兑银行 investment bank 投资银行

import and export bank (EXIMBANK) 进出口银行 joint venture bank 合资银行 money shop, native bank 钱庄 credit cooperatives 信用社 clearing house 票据交换所 public accounting 公共会计 busine accounting 商业会计 cost accounting 成本会计

depreciation accounting 折旧会计 computerized accounting 电脑化会计 general ledger 总帐

subsidiary ledger 分户帐 cash book 现金出纳帐 cash account 现金帐

journal, day-book 日记帐，流水帐 bad debts 坏帐 investment 投资 surplus 结余

idle capital 游资

economic cycle 经济周期 economic boom 经济繁荣

economic receion 经济衰退 economic depreion 经济萧条 economic crisis 经济危机 economic recovery 经济复苏 inflation 通货膨胀 deflation 通货收缩 devaluation 货币贬值 revaluation 货币增值

international balance of payment 国际收支 favourable balance 顺差 adverse balance 逆差 hard currency 硬通货 soft currency 软通货

international monetary system 国际货币制度 the purchasing power of money 货币购买力 money in circulation 货币流通量 note iue 纸币发行量 national budget 国家预算

national gro product 国民生产总值 public bond 公债 stock, share 股票 debenture 债券

treasury bill 国库券 debt chain 债务链

direct exchange 直接（对角）套汇 indirect exchange 间接（三角）套汇 cro rate, arbitrage rate 套汇汇率

foreign currency (exchange) reserve 外汇储备 foreign exchange fluctuation 外汇波动 foreign exchange crisis 外汇危机 discount 贴现

discount rate, bank rate 贴现率 gold reserve 黄金储备

money (financial) market 金融市场 stock exchange 股票交易所 broker 经纪人 commiion 佣金 bookkeeping 簿记 bookkeeper 簿记员

an application form 申请单 bank statement 对帐单 letter of credit 信用证 strong room, vault 保险库

equitable tax system 等价税则 specimen signature 签字式样

banking hours, busine hours 营业时间

推荐第8篇：口译

北京语言大学网络教育学院

《口译》期末试卷 模拟试卷

一、Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1.A friend convinces you that there really is an unlocked door just waiting for you to open it.朋友会让你确信，真的有一扇不加锁的门，在等待着你去开启。

2.Former South African President Nelson Mandela\'s 13-year-old great-granddaughter was killed in a car crash Friday ahead of the World Cup opening match, which Mandela planned to attend.南非前总统尼尔森·曼德拉13岁的曾孙女11日在世界杯开幕前夕不幸遭遇车祸身亡。曼德拉原计划参加开幕式。

3.China\'s social environment is changing, as people dare to expre their private life and love values in public.中国的社会环境在不断变化，人们现在敢于在公众场合谈论私生活和爱情价值观。

4.National Eye-Care Day aims to promote awarene of the importance of preventive eye care.全国爱眼日的目的在于宣传预防措施对于保护眼睛的重要性。

5.The Queen Elizabeth II‟s birthday is celebrated twice a year, privately on April 21, her actual birthday, and again with an official national celebration in June, when the weather is better.

伊丽莎白二世女王每年庆生两次，4月21日会举行私人宴会庆祝真正的生日，然后待6月天气好转时，再正式举行全国庆典。

二、Translate the following sentences into English.1.人们普遍认为吸烟与肺癌发病成正比关系。

It has been commonly thought that there is a positive correlation between cigarette smoking and the incidence of lung cancer.2.许多科学家没有被目前的证据说服。

Many scientists remain unconvinced by the current evidence.3.旅游业是这个国家的主要收入来源。 Tourism is the country‟s main source of income.4.这一切都发生在一瞬间，我还没来得及反思。

All has happened in a flash, so fast that I don‟t have time to reflect.

5.加拿大最新研究发现，幼儿2岁时看电视时间如果过长，10岁时将会受到负面影响。

A new Canadian study finds that watching too much TV at age 2 might cause problems at age 10.

三、Translate the following short paages into Chinese.1.Chinese people lack a sense of citizenship.They only regard themselves as family members, not citizens.They should act as the masters of the country to promote reform and supervise the government.中国公民意识不高，光是考虑到是一个家庭的成员，而没有考虑到我是一个公民，我是这个国家的主人，我要去推动改革、我要去监督政府。

2.Monday\'s eay questions for the annual college entrance exam (gaokao) not only attracted attention at home but also abroad.Peter Foster, a Daily Telegraph reporter, posted the eay questions from national and provincial papers to his blogs, saying the \"brainteasers\" are \"creative\".He hoped readers could enjoy them for \"amusement and general brain-food.\" 周一的高考作文不仅是国人关注的热点，老外也不惜笔墨进行报道。英国《每日电讯报》记者彼得·福斯特把全国和各省的作文题目发表到博客中，希望\"给大家提供点用以娱乐的精神食粮\"。他用\"脑筋急转弯\"来比喻这些题目，称其\"富有创意\"。

3.Women may not be able to read maps but they may be better at remembering routes than men if they have been to the place before, claims a new study, the Daily Telegraph reported.Researchers believe it is because women are much better at remembering landmarks than men.They said it is to do with the different roles men and women played in early primitive years as hunters.据英国《每日电讯报》报道，最新研究发现，虽然女性读图认路能力不如男性，但她们更擅长记住以前走过的路。这是因为女性更容易记住路标。研究者解释，狩猎时代男女分工的不同造成了这种差异。

四、Translate the following short paages into English.

1、不要临时抱佛脚。

人们总喜欢把学习一推再推，直到考试的前一天。殊不知，这种方法一般都会使你考得很糟糕。考试方面的专家认为，你应该很早就开始学习，这可以使你有足够的时间吸收这些知识。如果有不懂的地方，还有时间去问别人。而且这样的话，你可以在考试的前一天晚上美美地睡上一觉。

Don’t be a last-minute crammer.It‟s tempting to put off studying until the day before the exam.Unfortunately, this method almost guarantees poor results.Test-taking experts agree that you need to start studying way ahead of time.This gives you time to really absorb the information.And if there is something that you don‟t understand, you‟ll have time to get help.You‟ll also be able to get a good night‟s sleep on the night before the exam.

2、致富的关键是你有想致富的心态。我这样说是因为我在玩“大富翁”游戏时就有了致富的想法。那时，我才九岁，就在游戏的操作台上找到了获取财富的最有效的规则。我九岁时，我的穷爸爸，一位教书匠说，“啊， 把游戏放一边。学习，学习，学习！你玩„大富翁‟就是浪费时间。” 而我的富爸爸说出了那个规则，“你必须要开阔视野看到„大富翁‟游戏中的那条规则。”他说，“规则就在你面前。”接着我又问道，“那条规则是什么内容？”最终我知道那条规则是关于四座绿房子和红色的宾馆。

The most important thing to becoming rich is for you to have a mindset to want to become rich.The reason I say that is because I wanted to become rich when I played Monopoly.That was, I was nine years old.The greatest formula for wealth is found on that board game.When I was nine years old my poor dad, the schoolteacher said, “Ah put the game away.Study, study, study! You‟re wasting your time playing Monopoly.” And my rich dad said the formula, “You must open your mind and see the formula right on Monopoly.” He said, “It‟s right in front of you.” And I went, “What‟s the formula?” And finally I learned the formula is, four green houses, red hotel, four green houses, red hotel.3.虽然日本女人在世界上是受教育最高的女人，但以西方标准来衡量的话，她们在自己的国家是二等公民。传统的价值观不鼓励女人们表现得坦率和独立，鄙视那些想在政治或经济上往上爬的女人。只有四分之一的日本大公司里在中层或更高层管理层里有女性员工。一般女性的年收入只有男人的一半。

Though Japanese women are among the best-educated women in the world, they are, by Western standards, second-cla citizens in their own country.Traditional values discourage women from appearing outspoken or independent-minded and demoralize those who try to climb the political or busine hierarchies.Only one-fourth of major Japanese corporations have any women at all in the middle-management or higher ranks.The average woman‟s annual income amounts to only half that of a man‟s.

《口译》第一次作业

Directions: Translate the following sentences into Chinese.(英译汉) 1． As the world’s most robust economic region, China has attracted worldwide attention with its remarkable achievement over the past decade.中国作为世界上最有活力的经济区域在过去20年里以其显著的成就引起了全球的广泛注意。

2． Teaching is the greatest public service and we owe teachers our admiration and respect.教学是最伟大的公共事业，我们应对教师表示赞赏和尊敬。

3． China’s four great invention of paper making, gunpowder, printing and compa have had a huge impact on the entire world.

中国的四大发明纸、火药、印刷术、指南针对整个世界产生了巨大的影响。

4． We wish to enter into busine relations with your company.Your wish to establish long-term cooperation relations coincides with ours.我们希望同贵公司建立业务关系。你们想与我们建立长期的合作伙伴关系。 5． If you ever pa my home, do drop in.如果你路过我家，希望你光临寒舍。

6． In America, people are more interested in improving their life on earth.And they have a strong faith in their ability to improve conditions through their own efforts.在美国，人们的兴趣在提高他们的生活。他们很有信心他们有能力通过自己的努力改善生活的条件。

7． The party was perfectly organized and I enjoyed every minute of it.And I am very grateful for this nice arrangement.这个晚会组织的完美无缺，我玩的十分尽兴。我很感激这个美好的安排。 8． As the largest developing country, China is willing to develop economic and trade cooperation with all countries and regions of good will.做为最大的发展中国家，中国愿为发展经济和贸易合作与所有国家和地区达成一致。

9． Yoga, developed by the ancient sages of India, is a system of personal development encompaing body, mind, and spirit that dates back more than 5000 years ago.瑜珈，是由5000年前印度古代先人发展而来的，是一个专门针对如何发展个人的身体、心和精神的运动。

《口译》第二次作业

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English.(汉译英) 1．这是你第几次来中国？

Is this your which time comes to China? 2． 拥有共同的标准，配以最佳的实践，将是进一步推动我们这一产业和团体进步的关键。 Own the common standard , match it with optimum practice, will be to drive our this one estate and progreive key of group further.3． 我今天荣幸地在这里参加会议，共同探讨我们对发展中国家金融前景的看法，并就此提出我们的建议。

It gives me great pleasure to attend this meeting and share our visions on the prospect of financial sectors in developing countries.

4． 从历史文化来了解和认识中国，是一个重要的视角。

To know and acquaintance China from history and culture , it is an important visual angle.5． 中国在全面推进现代化的过程中，不仅将实现经济持续发展视为一项重要战略，同时也将生态环境的保护视为一项基本国策。

During the proce of China’s modernization in an all-round way, economic development will continue to be a central task while eco-environmental protection will be taken as a basic state policy.6． 房屋市场一直被看好，具有巨大发展潜力，国务院取消福利分房后，房地产市场已经趋于活跃。

Housing market has enjoyed popular confidence for its huge developmental potential.Since the state council cancelled the welfare-oriented public housing distribution system, housing market has witneed rising vitality.

7． 象征着中国古代文明的长城是世界上最著名的建筑之一。它位于北京西北约75公里处。 The Great Wall which symbolize the ancient Chinese culture is one of the most famous architectures in the world.It located at 75 km away from Beijing.

8． 人们常说，到了北京不吃烤鸭是最大的遗憾。在我们动筷之前，我来给大家简单介绍介绍吧。

It’s widely said a pity traveling to Beijing without tasting Peking duck.Before we have dinner please allow me to give a brief introduction.

9． 我们得让你走了。你的工作达不到我们对雇员工作质量的要求，虽然你似乎是很忙。另外，你和其他雇员配合也不太好。

We have to let you go.Your work failed to meet our requirement on employees, though you always appeared being busy.Besides, your cooperation with other staff was not adequate 10． 虽然不同地区的语言因差异巨大而互不相通，然而从语言的基本原理以及对一些具体的交际问题的处理方法上看，它们却有着许多共同之处。

Even thought different area\'s language is totally different, according to the basic theory of language and some specific approaches to solve relationship affairs, they have some similarities.

《口译》第三次作业

一、问答/综合题

1． Hong Kong is a unique meeting place for East and West, blending Chinese heritage, British colonial influences, high-tech modernity and Cantonese gusto.It offers a diversity of travel experiences, from shopping, to gourmet dining, to countryside pursuits and unique cultural heritage, including a great variety of religious institutions and preserved buildings like temples, monasteries, walled villages, clan halls and colonial structures.香港是一个中西合璧的城市，既保留传统的中国文化，又深受英殖民地时代的影响。香港位处广东沿岸，地方色彩相当浓厚，同时也是积极发展高科技的现代化城市。香港是著名的旅游胜地，这儿有购物消闲好去处，有享誉国际的佳肴美食，有风景怡人的大自然景色和独特的文化遗产，包括庙宇、寺院、围、祠堂和富有殖民地色彩的古物古迹。

2． Directions: There are two paages, please translate it into Chinese, and write down your answer on the answer sheet.（英译汉段落翻译）Ladies and gentlemen, I’d like to report on my recent investigation of the current situation of China’s automobile market.//

Considering the fact that there is only one car for every 250 Chinese at present, the potential auto market is extremely attractive.//

China has cut its average tariff rate several times and promised to continue to cut its automobile import tariff.China has virtually opened its auto market to the outside world.//

China is seeking partners for its automobile industry, and we should walk up and take the opportunity.女士们，先生们，我向诸位汇报一下我对中国汽车市场现状所作的调查。//

目前中国的轿车拥有量为每250人仅一辆车。因此，这个潜在的市场具有极大的诱惑力。//

中国已数次下降关税，并承诺将继续降低汽车进口关税，中国汽车市场的大门已经敞开。// 中国正在寻求汽车工业的合资伙伴。我们的机会就在眼前。

《口译》第四次作业

一、问答/综合题

1． 麦当劳不仅把中国人带进一种新的餐饮方式，还使他们接收一种新的行为举止。这些举止表明，他们在接受麦当劳快餐的同时，也逐步接受伴随而来的外国餐桌行为文化。这种餐桌行为文化简洁地依靠一股温暖的纯黄体现出来，这使中国人对这种外来饮食模式空前认同。于是，试图将中餐与麦当劳分店形式结合起来的尝试出现了，我们也在各大城市看到了各种中餐连锁店。它们的色调是橙色的，正如红加上黄。专家们研究表明，橙色是最能勾起食欲的颜色。无怪乎中西合璧之后的餐饮行当，无不是取调于这两者的均衡。

McDonald’s not only ushers Chinese people to a new catering style, but also introduces them new dinner behavior, which means people have accepted McDonald’s fast food and the foreign dinner culture along with it.This dinner culture is presented simply by the shinning yellow color which gains great acceptance among Chinese people.In turn, there emerged new restaurants combining Chinese cuisine and McDonald’s operation mode in many big cities.They all share the orange color, like red mixed with yellow.According to experts, the orange color is the most apatite-arousing color.No wonder those restaurants are all dominated by these colors.

2． Directions: There are two paages, please translate it into English, and write down your answer on the answer sheet.（汉译英段落翻译）地铁是地下的高速火车系统，主要出现在像纽约、伦敦、巴黎、北京、悉尼和东京这样的大城市。

地铁比公共汽车速度快、效率高，它们可以把你送到城里的几乎任一地段，然后你只需再步行一段距离就可到达你想去的地方。

地铁票价便宜，有助于解决城市的交通问题。

地铁唯一的缺点就是它经常拥挤嘈杂。

Subways are underground systems of high speed trains, which are mostly found in large cities such as New York, London, Paris, Beijing, Sydney, and Tokyo.Subway trains move more quickly and efficiently than buses; they will deliver you to within walking distance of almost any place in the city.They are inexpensive and help solve city traffic problems.The one drawback of subway trains is that they are often crowded and noisy.

推荐第9篇：口译

o o

He was stoned last night.他昨晚受到攻击。 他被石头砸。 他摔伤了。 他昨晚喝醉了。

解释：stoned 是俚语，此处为“醉的”（意为喝醉或被麻醉品麻醉）。本例不是被动句，因为stoned是形容词，做表语。

o 下列哪个是“妻管严”一词最好的翻译：

henpecked

afraid of one's wife controled by one's wife inferior to one's wife

o brown sugar 白砂糖 红糖 糖果 冰糖

解释：brown sugar：红糖

o 深圳经济特区

Special Economic Zone for Shenzhen Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Economic Zone for Shenzhen the Special Economic Zone with Shenzhen

o quack可以用来比喻：

聒噪的人 庸医 吹牛皮的人 骗子

o AIDS的全称是Acquired Immune __________ Syndrome

Deficiency Disease Default Deform

o go to great lengths 是什么意思？

尝试做某事 竭尽全力做某事 行为怠慢，不加约束 达到很高的等级

o abortion 放弃 人工流产 滥用职权 废除法律

o cramp的意思是

抽筋 露营 碰撞

o think on one's feet

换位思考

头脑反应很快 站着思想 用脚思考

o “煎”的英语是：

stir-frying deep-frying pan-frying quick-frying

o life sentence 寿命

判处无期徒刑 没法解决的难题 尽心尽力的

o “资金”英语怎么说：

const money cash fund

o Never is a long word.这句话的意思是： never是一个很长的单词 别把话说绝了 一言难尽 不堪回首

o bend one's ear 喋喋不休 抓耳挠腮 耳濡目染 耳提面命

o age discrimination 年龄歧视 年龄分布 年龄特征

年龄大的弱势群体

o 转基因食品GM food中GM的全称是：

genetically moved genetically modified genetically made genetically modeled

o “消费税”的英语是：

consumer tax buying tax purchase tax cost tax

o Promise little,but do much.少许诺，多做事。 求助，但不行.解释：少许诺，

o habor _______（内心有着抱负，愿望）

inspirations restorations aspirations perspirations

o “黄酒”英语怎么说：

yellow wine yellow rice beer yellow rice wine yellow beer

o apportion 逮捕 犹豫 分配 归因于

o be all over sb 看不起某人 巴结某人 超过某人

o “第三产业”英语是：

third industry tertiary industry third sector tertiary sector

o 下降，数量或质量减少，情况变糟

go north go west go south go east

解释：go south 这个说法来源于地图上北下南的规定，所以go south可以用来代表任何下降、变坏的趋势。可以用来形容和某人的关系，经济走势，或者物品的变坏。eg.The stock market went south after a brief morning rally, o Chinatown是指：

中国镇 中国乡村 唐人街 中国城市

o real bomb 舞台上表现欠佳或失败 实物炸弹 正确投掷 成功

o be on the rocks 出现财政困难 搁浅 计划中止 进退两难

解释：eg.That company is on the rocks.那家公司财政困难会破产。

o The last thing they heard from the pilot was 'over and out'.其中over and out的意思是指：

你死定了 你被捕了 通话完毕 你可以走了

o 喉炎”用英文表示是：

laryngitis pharyngitis throatogitis bronchitis

o foie gras是下列哪道名菜：

鱼子酱 法式蜗牛 鹅肝 意大利面 o market acce 市场准入 市场份额 市场经济 市场地位

o strictly for the birds 不重要，没有意思 一丝不苟 严格 有趣地

o “伤残保险”的英语是：

disability insurance retirement insurance unemployment insurance medical insurance

o CPC Founding Day 六一儿童节 建党节 中国航海日 端午节

o 你对“It's a good father that knows his son。”的含义是如何理解的呢？

就算不是最好的父亲，也能了解自己的儿子。 就算是最好的父亲，也未必了解自己的儿子。 就是不是最好的父亲，也不该不了解自己的儿子。 他是个了解自己儿子的好父亲。

解释：英语当中有一些习惯用语，就像是我们的母语一样，但是对中国的孩子来说，这个将是学习上的更是理解层面的原因。这次提供的题目就是难倒了很多专业翻译的题目，试试你的语感吧，有的时候做这种题目需要的不仅仅是词汇量呀！！！

o close to the vest 友好的 贴心的

小心谨慎不让别人知道 到达极点

o open dialogues 畅所欲言 开场白 公开对话 开幕式发言

o 保险箱的密码用英文表达是

paword safe code paword coded number

o “系主任”的英语是：

director dean president chairman

o job discrimination 工作歧视 职业操守 工作规范 就业压力

o

o capital punishment 死刑 经济制裁 罚款 监禁

o musty的意思是

发霉的 必须的 强大的 强权的

o close to the vest 友好的 贴心的

小心谨慎不让别人知道 到达极点 o 请问percolate的意思是

渗滤 观测 发牢骚 磨光

o a dandy idea

特别好的主意 爸爸的主意 主意 爸爸的想法

o relative 亲属、亲戚 监护人 长辈，前辈 晚辈，后辈

o She is a study in students.这句意为：

她是学生的典范 她在学生中学习她是研究学生的 她是学生的老师

o take sides的意思是？

站在一个地方 注意旁边 偏袒一方 做出选择

o “五言绝句”是：

Five-character quatrain Five-character octave Five-word poet Five-word octave

o fly off the handle 勃然大怒 开心到极点 攻击某人 幸运中奖

o 易受……伤害

vulnerable to liable to subordinate to subjective to

o start from scratch是什么意思：

从挠、抓开始 白手起家 坐吃山空 重头再来

o facetious是什么意思 匿名的 滑稽的 面部的 美容的

解释：facetious 滑稽的爱开玩笑的 facetious remark 滑稽的话

o “恶性循环”英文说法是：

bad circle vicious circle evil circle dangerous circle

o irritate 灌溉 与……混合 使……高兴、满足 激怒，使……生气

o 核战争

nuclear warfare great nuclear war war of nuclear nuclear with warfare

o irreversible 不可撤销的 不可预料的 不可见的，无形的 不可战胜的

o behind bars

被监禁；坐牢 在酒吧 打官司 在栏杆后面

o 达芬奇密码中提到的“五步抑扬格”英语是：

iambic pentameter five rhyme cadent five

iambic pentarhyme

o lose one's shirt

丢了衬衫 输掉衬衫 失去一切 摆脱累赘

o hula hoop 麻将卡 娃哈哈 计划表 呼啦圈 湖南 o industrious的含义是

勤奋的 顽固的 工业的 产业的

解释：industrious a.勤勉的,刻苦的; 尤指由习惯养成或天性形成的勤奋。

o get your a in gear 赶紧，别磨蹭了 坐好 适应

o off-season 退出，褪却 反季节，淡季

不分季节的，无季节性的 大反转

o xenophobia意为：

仇外 复印机 恐高症 恐水症

o Where there is a will, there is a way! 有志者，事竟成。

哪里有意志，哪里就有出路。 留得青山在不怕没柴烧 有希望就有道路

解释：由where引导的一种句型。

o blow your top 闹翻天 发脾气 折腾

o 倒立rising economy 新兴产业 经济增长 经济繁荣 高级产业

o “财政预算”英语怎么说：

fiscal budget financial budget economic budget monetary budget

o call it a day是指：

糟糕的一天 顺利的一天 就此结束 就此开始

o cut cla 旷课 消减课程 提前下课 中断上课

o 岁月不待人

Tomorrow never comes.Gain time, gain life.

Time and tide wait for no man.No pains, no gains.

o Dutch courage是指：

酒后之勇 胆小怕事 为人强出头 受委屈不吭声

o His talent ____ beyond the conventional disciplines.stretched hitched fetched entrenched

o 京剧中的“净”英语是：

middle-aged male characters clown

male characters "painted face" characters

o a lay person 懒惰的人 外行人 躺着的人 内行人

o “京剧”的英语是：

Beijing opera Jingju Peking opera Chinese opera

o 交通卡用英文怎么说？

public transportation card a public transportation a publictransportationcard a public transportion card a public transportation card

o 以下哪个不是指“物质匮乏的人”？

the needy the have-nots the indigent the underprivileged

o be on the rocks 出现财政困难 搁浅 计划中止 进退两难

解释：eg.That company is on the rocks.那家公司财政困难会破产。

o 东方明珠塔

Oriental Pearl TV Tower Pearl TV Tower

Oriental Pear TV Tower

o “乌龙面”的英语是：

Eel noodles

Sesame paste noodles Seafood noodles Oyster thin noodles

o Don't fu ______ such a minor matter.over at to on

解释：不要小题大做

o have an ear for 识时务者 对……有偏见 窃听，偷听 对某事有鉴赏能力

o 中华人民共和国的翻译

the People's Republic of China the country of China the china

the country of china

o moneybags 财主 钱袋 保险箱 银行

o get above oneself 趾高气扬 超过, 克服 获得成功 取得进展

o 西非经济货币联盟英文缩写是什么？

UE UEMOA ECOWAS EAC

o Read between the lines.是什么意思? 读书.每行之间.画线条.言外之意.

o a horse laugh 偷偷地笑 哈哈大笑 不信任地嘲笑 笑到最后

o pay tribute to 表示敬意 关注 归因于 致力于

o May you live in interesting _____, May you find what you are _____.time/look for times/looking for time/looking for times/look for 解释：愿你生活的时代妙趣横生，愿你心中所想能美梦成真。

o rights and wrongs是什么意思：

行为准则 交通规范 事实真相 为人礼仪

o take one down a button-hole意为：

解扣子

刹一刹某人的威风 恐吓某人 谋杀某人

o 以下哪个不属于中医里所说的内伤七情？

worry surprise fear hatred

o strictly for the birds 不重要，没有意思 一丝不苟 严格 有趣地 。

o potsticker 中头彩 家常便饭 大锅饭 锅贴

o swear not to stop 誓不罢休 誓不两立 决不停止 誓死

o a while back是指：

不久以前 很久以前 刚到家 短暂停留

o egg someone on 怂恿某人 胁迫某人 恐吓某人 打击某人

o “课外的”英语怎么说：

Extracurriculum outside cla recreational amateur

o dock的含义不包含下列哪一个选项

码头 被告席 削减 甲板

o o

good things come in small packages 浓缩的是精华 好事齐分享

成功是一步步积累的

o break the ice 一词的中文释义是？

破冰

打破沉默(僵局)

让我想起了破冰之旅，用的就是这个词 打破规矩 很响的声音

o o

jet-lag 背包 时差 喷气式飞机 行李

解释：倒时差为get over the jet-lag o 与“Not see the wood for the trees ”意义不同的一项？

not see or understand the main point,subject 见树不见林

one is paying too much attention to details 见林不见树

o over easy 是什么意思？

暴露在太阳下 蛋黄向上，只煎一面 两面都煎一下 草鸡蛋

o an aging population 人口老龄化 人口激涨 人口过多 前辈，长辈

o "鸡飞蛋打"怎么说？

chicken fixings egg dance

fall between two stools terrible ending

o You are really a philosopher.这句话是说：

你真想得开

你是一个真正的哲学家 你讲话太无聊了 你总是对人说教

o （飞机等）相撞

tumble to stumble on coincide with collide with

o 专科学位

Master ’s degree Doctor’s degree Master ’s degree

Aociate Bachelor’s degree

o _____ of the field of psychology（心理学这一领域的开创者）

sector factor originator motivator

o “综合性大学”英语是：

all-encompaing university overall university extensive university comprehensive university

o chain effect 连锁反应 负担，镣铐 负面影响 边际效应

o o

sea cucumber是：

海里的黄瓜 海带 海参 珊瑚

o said and done的意思是：

言行一致 说到底 遵守诺言 说大话

o “医疗保险”的英语是：

unemployment insurance medical insurance retirement insurance disability insurance

o employment competitivene 就业竞争力 雇佣比赛 员工竞赛 雇佣竞争力

o shadow play意为：

皮影戏 木偶戏 哑剧 滑稽戏

o in one's birthday suit正确意思是：

身着盛装 穿新衣服 一丝不挂 穿着随意

o innate 人类的 仁慈的 精确的

天生的，固有的

o insolvent的意思是

无法解决的 溶解的 无偿还能力的 毅力

o o “大头贴”英语怎么说：

big-head photo photo sticker small photo instant photo

o 就......来看

Judging by the current situation as it says with respect to

according to the present situation

o “牡蛎细面”的英语是：

Seafood noodles Sesame paste noodles Eel noodles Oyster thin noodles

o heirloom的意思是

继承人 传家宝 织布机 鬃毛

o scratch the surface 开始了解 刚刚学的翻译成浅尝则此 趴在上面 刮掉表皮 难以理解

o 车费

fare fee outlay tip

o facetious stories 可以替换facetious的词是

sarcastic ridiculous factual humourous

o “虚拟现实”在英语中是：

false reality pretend reality mock reality virtual reality

o bear in mind that 考虑到，记住，不忘 忍到极点 沉思

o “up and up”的意思是什么？

活泼的 上进的 诚实的 没事找事的

o 京剧中的“丑”英语是：

middle-aged male characters male characters clown

"painted face" characters

o white collar

白领

不是冤家不碰头 白抓 白色衣领

o criticism that came out of the blue中的out of the blue为何解？

消沉沮丧 极为严格 很有见地 突如其来

o stethoscope的含义是

望远镜 潜望镜 地动仪 听诊器 o “飓风”的英语是：

cyclone typhoon hurricane tornado

o a bird of paage 小人物 过道里的鸟 候鸟，过客 快递

o “患者”可以用下列哪个选项的单词来表示？

sufferer diseaser patience painstaker

o appliance 申请书 强烈愿望 恳求

工具，器具

想一想家电怎么说

o sweet water

糖水

淡水 果汁

o o

豆腐渣工程

jerry-built projects

soybean curb residue works loose projects high risk projects

o specialized course是指：

选修课 专业课 基础课 必修课

o

思？ Which is more important, book knowledge or experience？是什么意书和经验哪个更重要？

书本知识是和经验哪个更重要？ 难道书本知识会比经验更重要？ 难道经验会比书本知识更重要？

o 请问alimentary canal的意思是

消化道 辅道 跨海隧道 附加频道 o means of production是什么意思：

生产力

生产关系 生活资料 生产资料

o “初级职位”用英文表达是：

entry-level position primary position initial position

o primitive positionclam up 保持沉默 保持静止 保持冷静 保持低调

o “煎”的英语是：

stir-frying deep-frying pan-frying quick-frying

o at arm's length 使劲揍 给力 保持距离 武装起来

o “建筑面积”的英语是：

building area floor area storey area plot area

o foot the bill 爬山 付账 预定酒席 赖账

o overture是指：

音诗 前奏曲 序曲 交响诗

o authoritative 权威的，官方的 官僚主义的 不敬神的，亵渎的 纪念的，怀念的

o Zen是什么意思：

忍 禅宗 人 真理

o high-flown 夸张的 高品质的 有野心的 高压的，专横的

o tonsil的意思是

咽 扁桃体 喉 腺

推荐第10篇：口译

即席口译“三秘诀” •

扔、切、补

•

扔：放弃重复、别扭的元素 •

切：断句、切在主动词引导的主句 •

补：介词短语、或从句连接 口译的头号秘诀（扔）

•

我谨代表….感谢英方的盛情邀请和精心安排。 •

Thank for invitation & arrangement 形容词省略

•

立足于促进、提高国内市场需要，是保证中国经济持续、快速、健康发展的关键。加入WTO以后，中国将更严格地遵循国际通行的市场规则。

•

Promoting domestic demand is a key to sustained and healthy development.Since acceion to WTO, China will make its own practice in line with international market 动词省略

•

中国还要大规模开展基础设施的建设，改造和提升工业企业的装备水平，还要提高农业的生产和加工能力。

•

China need large-scale infrastructure and upgrade its industrial equipment as well as agricultural production and proceing 名词省略

万能词的使用“归零”…

•

提升、推动、促进、改进、改善、加强、完善…=promote •

多，杂，无数=plenty of…或numerous •

展示，显示，表明，传达，反应…=show •

有利, 对…有好处…=do good to../benefit •

有害，威胁，带来问题=lead to problem •

开始，发起，进行=start 切：一刀两断

•

中华人民共和国成立后，中国人民自力更生、改革开放、与时俱进，在社会主义建设中取得了举世瞩目的伟大成就。 •

Since 1940, Chinese people have made remarkable achievement through self-reliance, reform & open-up, going with the times.

切完·再补

•

当前，中国人民坚定不移地抓住发展这个第一要务，正满怀信心地为全面建设小康社会、实现现代化而团结奋斗。 •

Chinese people are making joint efforts to build a well-off society and modernization in full confidence with the focus on development, which is the primary task of the country.组合和断句(高口真题)

•

20国集团各成员应该在平等互利、求同存异、灵活务实的基础上开展对话，加强同其他国际和区域经济机构的交流合作，以增进互信、扩大共识、协调行动，在健全国际经济贸易体制和规则、完善国际经济金融体系、加强南北对话和合作、促进全球减贫和发展等方面，发挥更大、更积极的实质性作用。

•

G20 members should conduct dialogue, promote exchange ＆cooperation with international & regional organizations, to promote mutual trust, consensus, coordination on the basis of equality &mutual benefits, seeking common ground while putting aside differences, flexibility & pragmatism.•

They should also play a effective role in promoting international economic & trade regime, financial system, coop between south & north, global poverty reduction & development E-C 英译汉

•

听的重点是“意思”, 而不是“每个单词”。 •

注意语言的逻辑性，在听的过程中提炼structure Paage 1:

中华民族历来尊重人的尊严和价值。还在遥远的古代，我们的先人就已提出“民为贵”的思想，认为“天生万物，唯人为贵”，社会的发展和进步，取决于人的发展和进步，取决于人的尊严的维护和价值的发挥。今天中国所焕发出来的巨大活力，是中国人民拥有广泛自由、民主的生动写照。

中国确保十三亿多人的生存权和发展权，是对世界人权事业的重大贡献。集体人权与个人人权、经济文化权利与公民政治权利紧密结合和协调发展，这适合中国国情，是中国人权事业发展的必然道路。

(参考答案)

The Chinese nation has always respected human dignity and value.Even in the ancient days, our ancestors came up with the idea of “people being the most important,” believe that “man is the most valuable among all the things that heaven fosters.” The progre and development of a society hinge on human progre and development and depend on how well human dignity is maintained and how much human value is realized.The immense vitality displayed by China today is a vivid reflection of the broad freedoms and democtatic rights enjoyed by the Chinese people.

Chins has a population of over 1.3 billion, and to ensure our people the rights to subsistence and development is in itself a major contribution to the progre of the world human rights cause.Collective and individual human rights should be considered together and their coordinated development should be pursued, and the same considerations should be given to the development of economic and cultural rights on the one hand and of civil and political rights on the other.This is dictated by China’s specific national conditions and therefore, is the only way to progre in human rights cause in Chins.

Paage 2:

On behalf of all the membership of the United Nations, I hereby reaffirm the role of this international organization.When ti was created more than 60 years ago, the United Nations reflected humanity’s greatest hopes for a just and peaceful global community.It still embodies that dream.We remain the only world institution with the legitinacy and scope that derive from global membership, and a mandate that encompaes development, secutiry and human rights as well as the envoronment.

I restate that we are an organization without independent military capability, and we dispose of relatively modest resources in the economic realm.Yet our influence and impact on the world is far greater than many believe to be the case, and often more than we ourselves realize.This influence derives not from any exercise of power, but from the force of the values we represent.Among these values are the maintenance of the world order and the establishment of world harmony.

（参考答案）

我谨代表联合国所有成员国，在此重申这个国际组织的作用。联合国60多年前成立时，反映了人类建立一个公正和平的国际社会的殷切希望。联合国至尽仍然代表了这个梦想。我们仍然是唯一具有产生于会籍普遍性的合法性和规模，并具有包括发展、安全和人权以及环境在内的使命的全球性机构。

我重申，这是一个没有独立军事能力的组织，在经济领域也只处理相对不多的资源。然而，我们对世界的影响却比许多人所认为的要大得多，而且常常比我们自己所意识到的还要多。这种影响不是产生于权利的行使，而是产生于我们所代表的价值观念的力量。我们的价值观；包括维护国际次序，建立和谐世界。 高级口译题：

口语:沿海地区和内陆在发展的差异 Gap between coastal region and innland

a.请举例说明东部/沿海发展优势

b.请举例说明西部/内陆落后情况

c.解决差异的对策口译

Chinse to English

1.大会发言,未来发展,关键句“走得多远取决于我们的梦想”.（难度指数较低）

2.潘基文秘书长在诺贝尔和平奖评价/致辞/感谢.（难度指数较高，需要有背景知识）

English to Chinse

1.中国创造灿烂文明/反对侵略(教程篇章) 我在高口口试强化班上最后一天复习过的文章！势如破竹

“近代中国经历了一段积贫积弱、任人宰割的历史。落后就要挨打，这是中国人民从屡遭外来侵略的悲惨经历中得出的刻骨铭心的教训。一个国家只有首先自强，才能在世界上自立。一百多年来，中国人民为实现中华民族伟大复兴的目标进行了不懈努力。

“中华人民共和国成立后，中国人民自力更生、改革开放、与时俱进，在社会主义建设中取得了举世瞩目的伟大成就。当前，中国人民坚定不移地抓住发展这个第一要务，正满怀信心地为全面建设小康社会、实现现代化而团结奋斗。”

2.东盟和中国发展 （ASEAN）

口语:计划生意/独生子女政策是否应该继续实施？One child policy amendment

a.请阐述实施这一政策的背景

b.在老龄化,农民工短缺的情况下，是否需要改变政策？

c.谈谈你的对策

E-C

1.空气污染 air polution~化学物质chemicals.(记得不算清晰)

补充：车子排放出的气体会造成空气污染，提到了combustible engine。 有害的化学物质会散播到空气中，对健康有危险。（这小段没怎么听清楚）

因此我们要采取多种的交通工具。还可以通过氢气等驱动引擎。还可以装一个可转换的装置将气体转换成电力，蒸汽...（当中顺序有点记不清了）

环保型汽车, 关键词:转换过滤器, electricity, steam, hazardous（难度指数较高，需要有背景知识）

2.亚洲在国际上的作用越来越重要。中国成为当中最成功的国家。在过去十年里贸易增长从××%增长到××% 中国的发展对亚洲以及世界都有积极的作用。

C-E

1.中医(教程篇章) 我在高口口试强化班上最后一天复习过的文章！势如破竹one more time...

教程P291 “中医起源于神农氏时代，战国时期的中医理论著作黄帝内经标志着中国医学独特的理论体系形成。黄帝内经仍被视为知道中医理论的基础。中医名著神农本草集中认为，阴与阳两者制约，互相作用，消长平衡，相互转换。阴阳平衡是健康的要素，阴阳失衡会影响健康，导致疾病，因此，中医十分重视调节阴阳以保平衡。

变体版本也要熟悉：

中医是我国的传统医学，起源于6000年前的神农氏时代。中医学在长期的发展过程中，逐渐形成了一套医学原则和观点。中医认为“万物人为贵”。中医师是通过了解人与自然、以及人体各部位之间的种种关系来诊断病人的疾病。

中医有完整的理论体系和临床治疗方法，除了中草药外还有针灸疗法、按摩推拿和气功疗法。中医以其独特的疗效和科学本质赢得了全世界的广泛赞誉。我们在积极发展中医的同时也鼓励中西医结合诊断和治疗疾病。我相信，我国的中医研究前程似锦。

还提及两本书《黄帝内经》《本草纲目》

2.中小企业的发展, 亚洲在世界经济中的作用.small and medium-sized enterprises

关键句：中小企业的发展很迅速，它们在所有企业中占了99.6%，世界各国和地区也越来越注意中小企业的作用。 中小企业融资促进经济发展。(financing 融资) 口语：

兰州政府出台把穷人安置在城市中心的政策，此举是否有利于减少贫困现象呢？Commerical residential community

a.穷人安置在城市中心真的能减少贫富差异吗？提供你的评论.works or not? your comment?

b.穷人居住在城市中心会有哪些可能的后果 consequences?

c.你有哪些解决措施？

口译题：

E-C

1.非洲气候问题的演说,关键词/句: Africa climate change(related to financial, scientific & technological sphere...etc), take some measures, lauch program...

可见时下的热点都在考试委员会的radar上面。

2.美国教育的改革: American education reform: “leave no children behind”, 这是我在上中级口译课堂上讲过的视频新闻，莫非考试委员会有听过的课。我曾翻译成张艺谋的电影“一个都不能少” plus.Leave no teacher behind, and more high qualified.这曾话题也可以对应我课堂讲过的“奥巴马在佛吉尼亚中学的开学典礼演讲”曾谈过的三方的responsibility.

总结：所有的学校的所有孩子都要定期进行教育。

C-E

1.中国文化（考前我在口试强化班重点cover的内容，凡事上过我们强化班的同学都应该比较轻松）关键句：除了中国菜肴意外，美国人对武术、草药、功夫很感兴趣。他们越来越常在对话中提到功夫电影。太极、气功等等。最受欢迎的是道家和神秘的风水学说。我签阵子到加州，看到各种有关古老中国的书籍。美国史哥开放的国家。他们会吸收其他文化的传统并将其融入。

点评： 这次的高口居然选择了《中口教程第三版》讲中华文化的核心课文。看来我们复习高口也不能不看新东方中口教程重点篇章。

2.中国经济，老生常谈！必定拿下的段子

关键句：

在全球经济危机的背景下，中国仍然保持着经济增长并在速度、质量和效益上作到统一。很少有其他国家能保持如此强劲的势头（momentum）.但我们仍然需要清醒的意识到没有国家能永远保持经济增长，中国也不例外(china is no exception).

（中间是经济话题的套句 ） 我们要一同简历繁荣稳定和谐的社会。

Supreme People's Court (SPC) 最高人民法院 judicial explanation 司法解释

a house registered under one's name 在某人名字下登记的房产

personal property 个人财产

house property ownership certificate 房产证 houses bought on mortgage by one party before the marriage 一方婚前按揭购房

joint estate/common wealth/mutual property 共同财产 mortgage payments 房屋贷款 value appreciation 增值 trial courts 初审法院

custody and alimony disputes 监护和赡养费纠纷 paternity test 亲子鉴定 marriage certificate 结婚证 marriage law 婚姻法 pre-marital property 婚前财产 down payment 首付 marital partner 婚姻伴侣 compensation 补偿金

prenuptial agreement 婚前协议 jointly poeed 共同所有

earnings from production and operation 生产、经营的收益 earnings from intellectual property rights 知识产权的收益 children born out of wedlock 非婚生子女 divorce cost 离婚成本

division of property 财产分割

性相近也，习相远也。

By nature, men are nearly alike; by practice, they get to be wide apart.过而不改，是谓过矣。

Not to mend the fault one has made is to err indeed.己所不欲，勿施于人。

What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others.言必信，行必果。

Keep what you say and carry out what you do.君子以文会友，以友辅仁。

The superior man on grounds of culture meets with his friends, and by their friendship helps his virtue.三军可夺师也，匹夫不可夺志也。

The commander of the forces of a large State may be carried off, but the will of even a common man cannot be taken from him.后生可畏，焉知来者之不如今也？

A youth is to be regarded with respect.How do you know that his future will not be equal to our present? 有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？

Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? 人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？

Is he not a man of complete virtue, who feels no discomposure though men may take no note of him? 父在，观其志。父没，观其行。三年无改于父之道，可谓孝矣。

While a man's father is alive, look at the bent of his will; when his father is dead, look at his conduct.If for three years he does not alter from the way of his father, he may be called filial.不患人之不己知，患不知人也。

I will not be afflicted at men's not knowing me; I will be afflicted that I do not know men.诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。

separate poeion 各自所有 partly joint poeion 部分共同所有 maintenance payments 扶养费

marriage registration office 婚姻登记机关 divorce certificate 离婚证 divorce proceeding 离婚诉讼 divorce settlement 离婚协议书 forges debts 伪造债务 upbringing payment 抚养费 support payment 赡养费 divorce calculator 离婚计算器

In the Book of Poetry are three hundred pieces, but the design of them all may be embraced in one sentence-- "Having no depraved thoughts." 关睢乐而不淫，哀而不伤。

The Kwan Tsu is expreive of enjoyment without being licentious, and of grief without being hurtfully exceive.

父母在，不远游，游必有方。

While his parents are alive, the son may not go abroad to a distance.If he does go abroad, he must have a fixed place to which he goes.

国民生产总值 GNP (Gro National Product) 人均国民生产总值 per capita GNP 产值 output value 鼓励 give incentive to 投入 input

宏观控制 exercise macro-control

优化经济结构 optimize the economic structure 输入活力 bring vigor into

改善经济环境 improve economic environment 整顿经济秩序 rectify economic order

有效地控制通货膨胀 effectively control inflation 非公有成分 non-public sectors 主要成分 dominant sector 实在的 tangible

全体会议 plenary seion

解放生产力 liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces

引入歧途 lead one to a blind alley 举措 move

实事求是 seek truth from facts 引进、输入 importation 和平演变 peaceful evolution 试一下 have a go (at sth.) 精华、精粹、实质 quinteence

家庭联产责任承包制 family-contract responsibility system 搞活企业 invigorate enterprises 商品经济 commodity economy 基石 cornerstone 零售 retail

发电量 electric energy production 有色金属 nonferrous metals 人均收入 per capita income 使负担 be saddled with 营业发达的公司 going concerns

被兼并或挤掉 annexed or forced out of busine 善于接受的 receptive 增额、增值、增长 increment 发展过快 exceive growth

抽样调查 data from the sample survey

扣除物价上涨部分 price increase are deducted(excluded)

实际增长率 actual growth rate

国际收支 international balance of payments 流通制度 circulation system 总工资 total wages

分配形式 forms of distribution 风险资金 risk funds 管理不善 poor management

一个中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic points

以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则（1）社会主义道路（2）党的领导（3）人民民主专政（4）马列主义毛泽东思想、坚持改革开放

the central task refers to economic construction and two basic points are the four cardinal principlesand persisting in reform and opening.

改革是"社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展"。

Reform is "the self-perfection and self-development of the socialist system."

我们辨别的标准是看这样做是否有利于发展社会主义的生产力，是否有利于增强社会主义国家的综合国力，是否有利于提高人民的生活水平。

The criterion for our judgment is whether the move facilitates the development of socialist productive forces, whether it helps increase the overall national strength of a socialist country, and whether it brings about better living standards.

社会主义的最终目标是解放生产力，消灭剥削，消除贫富两极分化，最终达到共同富裕。

The main goals of socialism are the liberation and development of productive forces, the elimination of exploitat

ion and polarization between the rich and the poor and the final achievement of common prosperity. 要人们警惕右和"左"的影响，特别是"左"的根深蒂固的影响。

to warn people of the influence of both the Right and the "Left" deviations, particularly of the deep-rooted "Left" influence.

中国要警惕右，但更要防"左"。

China needs to be vigilant against the Right deviation, but primarily, it should guard against the "Left"deviation. 资本主义和社会主义并不是以计划经济和市场的多少来划分的。

Socialism and capitalism are not distinguished by the proportion of planned and market economy.

随着改革的深化，国家指令性计划的范围将会缩小，而市场调节的范围将会扩大。

As the reform further develops, the scope for mandatory state plans will be narrowed, while the scope for market forces will be enlarged.

初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。

to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy. 各尽所能，按劳/需分配。

from each according to his ability, to each according to his work/needs.

经济结构改革 reform in economic structure 剩余劳动力 surplus labor 经营机制 operative mechanism

发挥市场的调节作用 to give play to the regulatory role of the market

经济和法律的杠杆 economic and legal leverages 经济计划和市场调节相结合 to combine economic planning with market regulation 计划经济和市场调节相结合的制

a mechanism that combines planned economy and market regulation

取消国家对农产品的统购统销

to cancel the state's monopoly on the purchase and marketing of agricultural products 改革重点转移到城市

the focus of reform is shifted to the cities

国家的根本任务是，集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设

The basic task of the nation is to concentrate its efforts on socialist modernization.

逐步实现工业、农业、国防和科学技术的现代化，把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义国家。

to modernize the country's industry, agriculture, national defense and science and technology step by step to turn China into a strong and prosperous socialist country with a high level of culture and democracy.

社会主义经济制度的基础是生产资料的社会主义公有制，即全民所有制和劳动群众集体所有制。

The basis of the socialist economic system is socialist public ownership of the means of production, namely, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people.

国有经济，即社会主义全民所有制经济，是国民经济中的主导力量。

The state economy is the sector of socialist economy under ownership by the whole people; it is the leading force in the national economy. 国家保障国有经济的巩固和发展。

The state ensures the consolidation and growth of the state economy. 农业 farming 林业 forestry

畜牧业 animal husbandry 副业 sideline production 渔业 fishing

第一产业 primary industry 第二产业 secondary industry 第三产业 tertiary industry 生产资料 means of production

生活资料 means of livelihood/subsistence 生产关系 relations of production 生产力 productive forces 公有制 public ownership 私有制 private ownership

全民所有制 ownership by the entire/whole people 社会主义集体所有制 socialist collective ownership 厉行节约，反对浪费 to practice strict economy and combat waste

外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise 合资企业 joint venture

合作企业 cooperative enterprise

独资企业 wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise 基本框架 basic framework

办学效益 efficiency in school management

协调发展 coordinated and balanced program of development

教育投入 input in education

优化教师队伍 optimize the teaching staff 实行分区规划 practice regional planning 社会参与 communal participation 新增劳动力 incoming labor force 职前教育 pre-service education 岗位培训 undergo job-specific training

提高......的思想品德 enhance the moral awarene of ...

职业道德 profeional ethics

重点学科 key disciplinary areas or priority fields of study

（大学）专科 Major Types of Education in China short 2- to 3- year higher education programs 扫盲班 literacy cla 注册人数 enrollment 年龄段（层）age bracket 反复灌输 inculcate 希望工程 Project Hope 学龄儿童 school-ager

人才枯竭 exhaustion of human resources 辍/失学青少年 school dropout/leaver 基金会 foundation 服务性行业 service trade

在职培训 on-the-job/in-service training 国际劳工组织 International Labor Organization 基础科学 the fundamentals 学分制 the credit system 三学期制 the trimester system 双学士制 a double BA degree system

主副修制 a system of a major field of specialization plus a minor field

教学、科研、生产的"三结合" "3-in-1 combination" involving teaching,research, and production 三结合联合体 tripartite complex

定向招生 students are admitted to be trained for pre-determined employers

包分配 guarantee job aignments 燎原计划 the Prairie Fire Program 示范试点 demonstration pilot project 结合、使加入 incorporate 动员 mobilize 税收 tax revenue

多学科的 multi-disciplinary 重点大学 key university 授予（学士）confer 被授权 be authorized to do

博士后科研流动站 center for post-doctoral studies 专业 speciality

爱国人士 patriotic personage 国家发明奖 National Invention Prize

国家自然科学奖 National Prize for Natural Sciences 国家科技进步奖 National Prize for Progre in Science and Technology

学术报告会，专题讨论会 symposium 记者招待会 pre conference 国家教委主任 Chairman of the State Education Commiion

国家统计局 the State Statistical Bureau

国家教育经费 national expenditure on education 财政拨款 financial allocation

半文盲 semiliterate; functional illiterate 占百分比 account for ...% 专任教师 full-time teacher 资料中心 data center

国际文化交流 intercultural communication

教育方针 guideline(s)/guiding principle(s) for education 教育必须为社会主义现代化服务，必须同生产劳动相结合，培养德智体全面发展的建设者和接班人。

Education must serve the needs of socialist modernization, be integrated with productive labor, and train builders and succeors who are well developed morally, intellectuall and physically.

适应社会主义现代化建设需要，面向二十一世纪，具有中国特色的社会主义教育体系。

a socialist education system with distinct Chinese characteristics that meets the needs of socialist modernization and is oriented to the 21st century 坚持社会主义方向

to keep to the socialist orientation

身体好，学习好，工作好。Keep fit, study hard and work well.

德才兼备 to combine ability with character; equal stre on integrity and ability

成为有理想，有道德，有文化，守纪律的劳动者 to become working people with lofty ideals, moral integrity, education and a sense of discipline 教育要面向现代化，面向世界，面向未来

Gear education to the needs of modernization, the world and the future

爱国主义教育 education in patriotism 国际主义教育 education in internationalism 集体主义教育 education in collectivism 共产主义教育 education in communism 共产主义道德品质 communist ethics

政治思想教育 political and ideological education 五爱（爱祖国、爱人民、爱劳动、爱科学、爱护公物）

"Five Love": love the motherland, the people, labor, and science and take good care of public property. 教书育人 to educate the person as well as impart book knowledge

培养独立分析问题和解决问题的能力

to cultivate the ability to analyze and solve concrete problems independently 启发学生独立思考的能力

to help develop the ability of the students to think things out for themselves 培养学生自学能力

to foster the students' ability to study on their own 发挥学生主动性、创造性 to give scope to the students' initiative and creativene

自学成才 to become educated through independent study

启发式 elicitation method (of teaching); heuristic method

填鸭式教学法 cramming/forced-feeding method of teaching

普及教育 universal education

义务教育 compulsory education; free education 学前教育 preschool education 初等教育 elementary education 中等教育 secondary education 高等教育 higher/tertiary education 普遍教育 general education 成人教育 adult education

职业技术教育 vocational and technical education 国家教育委员会 State Education Commiion 高等学校 institution of higher education 综合性大学 comprehensive university 文科大学 university of liberal arts 文科院校 colleges of art

理工科大学 college/university of science and engineering

师范大学 normal university; teachers' university 师范学院 teachers' college 工业大学 polytechnical university 工业学院 engineering institute 农业大学 agricultural university 农学院 agricultural college 医科大学 medical university 医学院 medical college/school

中医院 institute of traditional Chinese medicine 音乐学院 conservatory of music 美术学院 academy of fine arts 体育学院 physical culture institute 分校 branch school 重点学校 key school 业余学校 spare-time school

业余职工大学 spare-time college for staff and workers 电视广播大学 television and radio broadcasting university

函授学院 correspondence school

教师进修学校 teachers' college for vocational studies 成人夜校 night school for adults 业余艺术/体育学校 amateur arts/athletic school 半工半读学校 part-work and part-study school 中等专业学校 secondary specialized school; polytechnic school

中等技术学校 secondary technical school; technical secondary school

职业学校 vocational school 附中 attached middle school 在职进修班 in-service training course 进修班 cla for advanced studies 短训班 short-term training course 专修科 special (training) course 自学考试 self-taught examination 教职员 teaching and administrative staff 教学人员 the faculty; teaching staff

中、小学校长headmaster/headmistre; principal 大专院校校长 president; chancellor 教务长 dean of studies

（系）主任 chairman; chairperson 副主任 vice-chairman 教授 profeor

副教授 aociate profeor

客座教授 visiting profeor; guest profeor 讲师 lecturer 助教 aistant

专职教师 full-time teacher 兼职教师 part-time teacher

辅导员 aistant for political and ideological work 教研室/组 teaching and research section/group 教学组 teaching group

教员休息室 staff room; common room 母校 Alma Mater 校友 alumnus; alumna

学生会 students' union/aociation

高年级学生 upper/higher grade pupil/student; pupil/student in senior grades

低年级学生 lower grade pupil/student; pupil/student in junior grades

走读生 day student; non-resident student 住宿生 boarder 旁听生 auditor

研究生 graduate student; post-graduate (student) 应届毕业生 graduating student/pupil; this year's graduates

听课 to visit a cla; to sit in on a cla; p to attend a lecture

公开课 open cla 课程 course; curriculum

必修课 required/compulsory course

选修课 elective/optional course 基础课 basic course 专业课 specialized course 课程表 school timetable

课外活动 extracurricular activities 课外辅导 instruction after cla 课外阅读 outside reading 课堂讨论 cla discuion

（大学的）研究小组；讨论会 seminar 教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus 教学内容 content of courses 学习年限 period of schooling 学历 record of formal schooling 学年 school/academic year 学期 (school)term; semester 学分 credit 分数 mark; grade

五分制 the 5-grade marking system 百分制 100-mark system

学习成绩 academic record; school record 成绩单 school report; report card; transcript 毕业论文 thesis; diertation 毕业实习graduation field work 毕业设计 graduation ceremony

毕业典礼 graduation ceremony; commencement 毕业证书 diploma; graduation certificate 毕业鉴定 graduation appraisal

授予某人学位 to confer a degree on sb. 升级 to be promoted to a higher grade 留级 to repeat the year's work; to stay down 补考 make-up examination

升学t o go to a school of a higher grade; to enter a higher school

升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade

奖学金 scholarship

（国家）助学金 (state)stipend/subsidy 领取助学金的学生 a grant-aided student 学费 tuition (fee) 伙食费 board expenses 伙食补助 food allowance

第11篇：口译

1.Ingredients + cooking methods/seasoning 炒：sautéed, stir-fry 宫保鸡丁：sautéed chicken cubes with chili and peanuts=Kung Pao Chicken 炒辣子鸡丁： fried chicken cubes with chili 蚝油牛肉： sliced beef sautéed in oyster sauce 炸：fry 炸猪排：fried pork chop 蒸：steam, braise 清蒸鳜鱼：steamed Mandarin fish 灼：scald 白灼虾：scalded shrimps 炖：stew 糟溜鱼片：stewed fish slices in rice wine 烤：grill, roast, barbecue 丝：shred 鸡丝：shredded chicken; 肉丝： shredded pork 片：slice 鱼片：sliced fish 丁：cube, dice 鸡丁：diced chicken, chicken cubes 末：mince 肉末：minced pork 去皮：peel 虾仁： peeled shrimps 豌豆虾仁：peeled shrimps and green peas 糖醋鱼：fish in sweet and sour sauce 鱼香肉丝：sautéed pork shreds flavored with fish sauce 椒盐排骨：spare ribs with pepper and salt 2.Metaphor 芙蓉虾仁：Cotton rose shrimps? (shrimps with egg white) 红烧狮子头： Lion’s head in brown sauce?! (meat ball in brown sauce) 叫花鸡：beggar’s chicken 燕窝：edible bird‘s nest, cubilose 雪蛤：White clam 3.literal translation+Story-telling 叫花鸡：beggar’s chicken (…) 麻婆豆腐: Ma-po tofu (it was invented by a pock-marked grandma.) 佛跳墙：Fotiaoqiang/Buddha Jumping Over the Wall (a famous Chinese dish) 冷盘 Hors d’Oeuvres, cold plates 六小碟 appetizer 海蛰 jellyfish 墨鱼

cuttlefish 鱿鱼

squid 芹菜

celery 西兰花

broccoli 菠菜

spinach 芦笋

asparagus 鱼子酱 caviar 饺子 Chinese ravioli 汤圆 sweet dumpling 豆制品 bean product 珍馐美味 choice delicacies 白酒、烈酒 strong spirit / liquor 黄酒 rice wine 鲜嫩 tender and fresh 脆 crisp, crunchy 烹调原料 ingredient 菜谱 recipe 四大菜系 four major cuisines 工作午宴 自助餐 busine luncheon buffet 用餐举止、餐桌礼仪 table manners 素菜 vegetarian food 点心

dim sum 转盘

lazy Susan 接风洗尘宴 a welcoming banquet 饯行宴

a farewell banquet 明菜、特色菜

specialty 干杯

bottoms up 和…一起吃、蘸着吃 …to go with…

第12篇：口译

关键词：英语专业、口译教学、存在问题、解决办法

科技的发展与各国间交往的日益密切使口译越来越发挥着举足轻重的作用，中国的改革开放政策以及加入世贸组织、获得奥运会、世博会举办权等也要求有大量合格口译员的出现。近年来，我们欣喜的看到口译作为一门实用性学科在大学英语专业课程设置中已占有一席之地；但与此同时，一个不容回避的事实是，当前的口译教学中还存在着种种问题亟待解决。作为学生期望值最高，最希望从中学到大量实用型知识的课程，实际情况是，在课程结束后学生纷纷抱怨所得甚少，与目标值相差太远。下文中笔者将对现存的问题进行分析，并探讨可能的解决方法与途径。

一、口译教学中存在的问题及成因。

当前存在的问题可以用一句话来概括：教学质量良莠不齐。

分析其原因，可以归纳为以下几点：

1、教学定位不明。

这里所说的教学定位包括两个方面，一是课程本身的定位；二是对于课程受众，即学生的定位。目前几乎所有高校的英语专业都开设了口译课，但对于口译课最终要达到的效果和实现的目标却并非都有清晰定位。个别院校只是盲目跟风，对于本课程缺乏足够的认识，不是从本校学生实际水平出发编写教学大纲及采用教材，而是简单照搬其他院校。

2、教学方法不够科学。

刘和平教授曾在20世纪90年代初期对几所重点外语高等院校的法语口译教学进行了考察，他将当时的口译教学归纳成四大类：一是完全停留在口语教学层面，口语训练后将其内容逐字逐句翻译成外语或母语；二是作为语言教学训练的补充手段通过逐句“翻译”达到对语言的完全掌握；三是笔译的口语化，即把事先准备好的文字拿到课堂上进行口头翻译；四是“背诵”，即事先准备上课要翻译的内容，学生在课前几乎可以记忆和背诵所有内容，课堂练习实际上是记忆背诵比赛。

我们可以清晰的看到，刘教授所作的虽然是十几年前对于法语口译教学的调查，但在当前高校的英语口译教学中，上面所列举的方式仍然被广泛采用。

3、重视程度不够。

从学生的语言能力考虑，口译课程往往设置在大三或者大四，这是合理的。但作为一门专业主干课程和需要大量实践的课程，当前存在的一个普遍现象是口译课程只安排一个学期，34个课时。在这样短的时间内要使学生掌握这门课程，大多数教师都感到力有不逮，最终只能浮光掠影式的做一些讲解。其次，在教师配置上也存在误区。个别学校以为口译与笔译一样，都是翻译，因此请没有任何口译经验的笔译教师身兼二职，结果直接导致授课效果不佳。再次，因为教学资源紧张，学生往往30－40个人组成一个班上课，违背了口译需小班教学的原则；且多媒体支持程度不够。

二、解决方法与途径

根据上文指出的几点问题成因，现提出解决方案如下：

1、

根据学生实际制订切实可行的教学大纲并采用合适的教材。

桔生江南则为桔，桔生江北则为枳。同样的教纲，同样的教材，同样的师资，在某地可能大获成功，易地而处则很有可能铩羽而归。学生是教学的基本出发点，教学工作应该做到“以人为本”。具体的说就是不能搞一刀切，不能照搬照抄其他院校的经验。作为授课教师，首先要了解学生的总体水平，并由此制订科学的教学大纲，为培养什么样的人才定性，由此决定是以商务口译为主，以会议口译为主，以陪同口译为主或兼收并包，涵盖主要方向，平均用力。为了实现这个目标，在教材选择上也应下一番功夫。当前市场上关于口译的教材几达百种，而且每年还有大量的新教材继续涌入，其中鱼龙混杂，有用心之作，也有草就之作。教师应该根据实际情况进行挑选；另外，在选定教材后，还是应该从实际出发，有所舍弃有所保留，没有必要毫无遴选的采用所有内容，而应在必要时自编教材进行补充与扩展以达到最佳授课效果。如果学生普遍程度不高，则应在保证质量的前提下大胆以自编教材为主，其他教材为辅。

2、口译训练是一种技能训练，因此在口译教学中也必须以提高学生的双语转换技能为出发点，而不是单纯的纠正学生语言方面的错误。

在教学方法这方面，我们可以从以下几个方面来入手：首先，要引入口译准备课程。所谓口译准备课程，是指与口译相关的，学生在进行正式口译学习前所需掌握的课程，这些课程包括：演讲技巧的训练（包括语音语调、台风台貌、与观众的交流等）、口译的礼仪、职业操守等。先期学习这些课程会对学生很快进入口译的角色起到帮助作用。其次，在教学中应该注意专题与技能技巧的结合，不能两张皮。现行的大部分教材都以专题为编写出发点，这样做的好处是有利于学生在短时间内熟悉某一话题或某一领域，但与此同时，理论技巧的讲述也势必变得较为分散和凌乱；而另外一些以技能技巧为出发点编写的教材则在较好的解决了这一问题的同时带来了另一个弊端，单纯的理论或者技能技巧讲解略显枯燥，学生不易于接受。面对这种情况，教师可以采取的应对方式是将专题练习与技能讲解有机结合，不同时期侧重不同。在口译课程的初期，可结合实例偏重于技巧技能讲解，待学生掌握了一定理论和技能后，则可以引入精心设计的某一专题，将所学理论技能付诸实施，从而学以致用，加深理解。

其次，在教学中一定要注意发挥学生的主观能动性，对学生积极诱导，以鼓励为主。

再次，在教学中要综合种种方法增强拟真性，如模拟谈判、模拟陪同参观某一景点等，必须竭尽全力营造一种现场感，为学生日后进入社会真正口译打下基础。

最后，除了任课教师授课之外，还应创造条件多请外界专家学者以及具有丰富实践的口译者前来讲座。 关于教学的策略与技巧拟另专文讨论，此不赘述。

3、有条件的学校一定要实施小班教学，学生数以每班15－20人为宜，这样每位学生都可以得到相对充裕的锻炼机会，教师也能对个人提供比较充分的指导。教学地点可灵活多变，需要通过多媒体放映视听素材或记录学生练习过程时可在语音实验室或多媒体教室授课，需要进行班级模拟练习时则可选择普通教室甚至其他场所授课。对于本课程的重视程度必须提高，要避免为开课而开课，走形式、走过场的情况，口译课程以上两个学期为宜，每学期课时不应少于40节，只有保证时间，才能保证质量，实践已一再证明了这一点。另外，教师本身也是确保课程质量的关键因素。“教师必须了解口译的每一环节，必须具备预测口译困难的能力，而且有能力提出有效的方法或策略加以解决（或者，最起码有能力示范应如何进行口译）。甚至，对某些已得到证实的研究，应进一步提示条理化的口译原则或通则，并在教学中加以证实并广泛应用”杨承淑教授的这段话对教师的资质提出了明确要求。不难看出，一位口译教师本人必须是一位优秀（至少合格）的译员并具有相当丰富的经验。虽然同属翻译，确实具有不少共通并且可相互借鉴之处，口译与笔译毕竟存在诸多差别，一位合格的口译未必可以成为一位合格的笔译，反之亦然。因此，请一位经验匮乏的笔译教师或者其他课程教师来教授口译几乎等同于问道于盲，首先，学生不能信服，其次，所教内容也必定局限于单纯的理论而缺乏实践的支撑。理想的状况是，担当口译课程的教师在教学的同时还能不间断的进行口译实践，然后把从实战中总结的经验教训引入课堂。

结语：任何事物的发展都有一个从不成熟走向成熟，从不完善走向逐步完善的过程。口译教学亦是如此。我们有理由为已经取得的成就感到自豪与宽慰；但与此同时，只有正视当前口译教学中存在的种种问题，再根据其不同特点与要求分别应对，我们的口译教学才能上一个台阶，才能培养出更多的合格口译人才，为新的国际形势下中国与外界的交流贡献自己的一份力量。

翻译中的“部分功能对等”与“功能相似”

提要：本文讨论了奈达博士的“功能对等”和“功能相似”理论，认为“对等”应是译文和原文在三种言语行为上的对等。“等效”即“效果对等”也应是“效”与“果”，即言外之力和言后之果，皆“对等”。由于“功能对等” 把目标预设得太高，跟“信、达、雅”一样都是翻译的上限标准，它并没有真正解决“信”和“顺”即准确和通顺的矛盾。从一些已被广泛接受的词语的固定译法看，当找不到真正的“对等”译法时，还应有诸如“部分功能对等”和“功能相似”的下限标准。

关键词：功能对等，等效翻译，部分功能对等，功能相似

Abstract: In translation, real “equivalence”, if ever exists, should refer to the equivalence in all the three speech acts in SL and TL.Thus, “functional equivalence” is not only the equivalence in either “impact” or “response”, but should be in both of them.In fact, the aim for “functional equivalence” is too high and hard to achieve.In practice, as the generally accepted translated terms cited in this paper shows, what a translator always looks for is only “partial functional equivalence” or “functional similarity”, when real “functional equivalence” cannot be achieved.

Key words: functional equivalence, equivalent effect, partial functional equivalence, functional similarity

奈达博士在1964年发表的《翻译科学初探》一书中提出了两种不同类型的对等：形式对等(formal equivalence)和动态对等(dynamic equivalence)。后来他又把“动态对等”改为“功能对等”（functional equivalence)。这“对等”理论在我国译学界引起了很大反响。

本来，奈达的“对等”理论与严复的“信、达、雅”标准并没有质的区别。首先，他们都非常重视接受者。奈达的“动态对等”原则要求译文“接受者和译文之间的关系，应该与原文接受者和原文信息之间的关系基本相同”(Nida,1964:159)。严复在“《天演论》译例言”中提出“信、达、雅”时将 “信”摆在首位，但又明确指出“顾信矣不达，虽译犹不译也”，并认为“译者将全文神理，融会于心，则下笔抒词，自善自备”。也就是说，他的“信、达、雅” 原则要求译者用接受者所易于接受的通顺晓畅的语言忠实地将原文的意思传达给译文读者。其次，“对等”和“信达雅”都是翻译标准的上限，正如金隄先生所说， “不论是‘信达雅’或是‘等值’或是‘神似’，指的都是理想的目标”。（金隄，1989：11）

然而，奈达理论的推崇者们至少认为“对等”原则在以下两个方面优于“信达雅”标准：

（一）“对等”理论比“信达雅”原则更明确、更具科学性；

（二） “动态对等”概念对“直译和自由译之争，提供了一个令人信服的答案”（金隄，1989：15）；使准确和通顺“不是鱼和熊掌”，“二者必须兼而有之”（金隄，1989：107 &115）。

本文拟就这两方面的问题进行一些探讨：一是如何理解“对等”理论；二是“功能对等”作为翻译的上限标准，是否还应有些与之相对应的下限标准，如“部分功能对等”（partial functional equivalence） 或“功能相似”（functional similarity）？

一、“对等”与“等效”

金隄先生在《等效翻译探讨》一书中认为，“对等是一个科学描述性的概念，比文艺派喜欢用的‘忠实’、‘信’客观一些。” “ ‘对等’ 不涉及译者的态度，概念比较明确一些”。（金隄，1989：21）（严复）“实际上已经意识到等效问题。然而他没有把这点意识发展成为明确的指导原则，理论上形成一个漏洞„ „”。（金隄，1989：27） 劳陇先生也认为，“严复的‘信、达、雅’说，实际上并没有构成完整的翻译理论。他老先生当日写《例言》那篇文章，也并不有志为翻译理论家，他只是根据他翻译《天演论》的经验，谈谈自己的心得体会而已”。“奈达博士似乎比严老先生就要高明一些，或者说，明确一些了。”（劳陇，1990）总之，许多推崇“功能对等”理论的学者都认为它比“信、达、雅”更明确、更科学。

然而，这一“明确”、“科学”的概念到底要求如何“对等”，怎么检验对等不对等？对此问题，我国译学界尚存在着许多疑问和争论。

现在许多学者将奈达的equivalence译成“等值”，并认为他是最受人注意的西方等值论学者。然而，“何为值”？“什么叫等值”？译学界许多人都提出了疑问。董史良先生认为 ：“equivalence 在自然科学中译为‘等值’，是指‘量值’或‘效应’大小方面的‘等’。在某些学科中也就只译为‘类’、‘代’而已。西方人把它应用到翻译中，传入我国后不知怎的译为‘等值’。于是就有人便在‘等值’上做文章。„ „ 在翻译中就存在‘不可译’的现象。这其中何曾有那么多的‘等值’可言？”（董史良，1997）由此可见，译学界对“等值”这一译法或提法是存有异议的。

至于“等效翻译”，则是金隄先生的提法。金隄先生在《等效翻译探讨》一书中对奈达的“动态对等”或“功能对等”作了充分肯定，但又对奈达的一些说法提出批评，并提出了自己的“等效”概念：

“„ „ 奈达谈信息和接受者之间的关系时，有时提译文对接受者的作用（impact），有时提接受者对译文的反应（response），并不加以区别，其它理论家也有类似情况，可是奈达还进一步突出反应。例如，《翻译的理论和实践》一书对功能对等下定义就是从反应角度下的，并且还进一步强调，译文仅仅使接受者理解是不够的，还必须能使他们‘以行动作出反应。’

„ „ 每个接受者如何反应，如何行动，还牵涉许多个人的主客观因素，我们研究翻译的过程似乎没有必要涉及，因此，我们这里的‘效果’，只包括信息对接受者的作用（即接受者的感受），不包括接受者的反应。”（金隄，1989：17-18）

奈达在《翻译的理论和实践》一书中从反应角度给动态对等下定义，确实有点失之偏颇。瞿秋白曾在“苦力的翻译”一文中引用了一篇波兰小说中的片段：一个坐轿子的外国人要中国苦力再抬得快一点，他对“西崽”说“我给他们每人二两银子”，而“西崽”却翻译成外国人发火了，说再不快抬就要到衙门去告状。秋白尖锐地说，“这些轿夫苦力的确请到了一个‘好’翻译。虽然这个翻译是西崽，他却译得很顺，虽然这个翻译译得很错，可是他译得很顺。”但是，这样的翻译“苦力实在不需要他”！（引自陈福康 ，1992：310）“苦力”听到“告状”跟听到“给他们每人二两银子”的感受肯定是不一样的。但若只强调听者的反应，难道假如听到“要到衙门告状”，苦力们的反应跟听到“给二两银子”一样都是“快抬”，这句话就译得与原话“功能对等”了吗？

然而，金隄先生提出的“等效”概念，“只包括信息对接受者的作用（即接受者的感受），不包括接受者的反应”也不够全面。如果说“每个接受者如何反应，如何行动，还牵涉到许多个人因素”，那么同一话语对每个接受者的作用（即每个接受者的反应）难道就都一样，不牵涉到个人因素了吗？

根据奥斯汀（Austin）的言语行为理论，即言语行为三分说，说话人说出一个句子总是同时表现出三种言语行为：言内行为即“言之发 “（locutionary act）,言外行为即“示言外之力”( illocutionary act)和言后行为即“收言后之果”（perlocutionary act）。显然，译者若只注重原文的言内行为，译文往往会只拘泥于“形式对等”，由于社会文化背景不同，在译文里原文的言外之意，往往无法得到准确转达，意思往往会被扭曲。“功能对等”给我们的启示就在于应注意译文对接受者的作用和接受者的反应，即注意使译文能示接近于原文的言外之力，取得与原文相似的言后之果。

总之，真正的“对等”应该是译文和原文在语篇的三种言语行为上的“对等”。按照金

隄先生“效果”概念的提法，“等效”应该是指“效果对等”。根据《现代汉语词典》（商务印书馆，1996年修订本）的解释，“效”就是“效果、功用”，而 “效果”是“由某种力量、做法或因素产生的后果”。由此看来，金隄先生说的“我们这里的‘效果’，只包括信息对接受者的作用（即接受者的感受），而不包括接受者的反应”，在措词上似乎就有点不够严密。“效果”一词《汉英词典》（外研社，1995年修订版）译为“effect, result”。这就是说，“效”（effect）指的是语篇所示的言外之力，“果”（result）则指言后之果。因此，真正的“等效”就是“效果对等”，译成英语应是“equivalent effect and result”,而不只是“equivalent effect”。

二、“部分功能对等”与“功能相似”

“信、达、雅”是“译事三难”，是翻译的上限标准。在很多情况下，人们都认为“信”和“达”不可兼得。因此会有“信而不顺”和“顺而不信”之争。对此问题，鲁迅先生在三十年代就对“顺而不信”大张挞伐，旗帜鲜明地提出“宁信而勿顺”的原则。

金隄先生在《等效翻译探索》一书中认为，“等效翻译”为解决“信”与“顺”的矛盾找到了一把金钥匙。他在该书第三部分“准确与通顺的关系”中专门写了一章，题为“不是鱼和熊掌”，认为准确和通顺不可割裂，“二者不可兼得”原来是一个错觉，应“明确地提出要求：既要准确，又要通顺，二者必须兼而有之”。

对此，我们认为有必要提出这样一些问题：“信、达、雅”是“译事三难”，那么“功能对等”是难？是易？它是否对“直译和自由译之争，提供了一个令人信服的答案”？是否有了“功能对等”这一原则，准确和通顺的矛盾就迎刃而解了？它是否也需要一个下限标准？

其实，要做到在三种言语行为上的对等，或者如王佐良教授所说，“真正的对等应该是在各自文化里的含义、作用、范围、情感色彩、影响等等都相当”（王佐良，1989：19），实在不容易。

“功能对等”（或“等效翻译”）把目标预设得太高，仿佛在目的语中原来就存在了原语篇的“对等”语篇，只待人们去寻找。其实，真正能严格做到“功能对等”的情况并不多。在多数情况下，人们往往只能退而求其次，在两种语言（尤其是在汉语和西方语言）之间找到部分功能对等或功能相似的近似说法。也就是说，“功能对等”如果没有诸如“部分功能对等”或“功能相似”的下限标准，人们一旦找不到真正“对等”的说法，就要转而相信“不可译论”。

例如，在外贸英语中，“bill of lading” 实际上有三个作用：

（一）船主开出的收据，

（二）船主和托运人之间的运输合同，

（三）物权凭证，在货物到达目的港后凭此单据可提货。然而，“bill of lading ” 译成汉语时只译出其第三个作用（当然也是最重要的作用）——“提单”，其它两个作用根本没法译出。因此，二者之间实际上只有“部分功能对等”。

一般说来，译文若能与原文“功能对等”，也就能做到“信”与“达”，但有时也不尽然。从一些已被广泛接受的词语的译法可以看出，寻找“对等说法”的标准与“信”的标准有时也会难以兼顾。例如，英语的“Royal”一词译成中文都成了“皇家”，如“the Royal Society”译成“（英国）皇家协会”等。英国的君主是国王或女王，而中国封建社会的君主则是皇帝，“王”只是一种最高爵位。之所以将Royal译为 “皇家”，显然是因为英国的国王或女王是同日本的天皇或中国以前的皇帝“对等”的，若译为“王家”则恐有降格之嫌。但这样译并不“信”，有时也会产生误导，使中国读者以为英国也有“皇帝”。

有时由于对译文的准确性即“信”的要求非常高，译者只好在译文中把原文的词语照录，或在作了“功能相似”的翻译后再把原文加括号置于其后，这种做法英语叫transference ,有别于translation。汉译时人们还常常先采用谐音译，然后再将原文置于括号内。鲁迅先生的杂文中就常采用这种方法，如“费厄泼赖（Fair play）”等。这种transference 在学术论文中尤其经常使用，便于读者准确理解原文，检索原材料，深入进行研究，但显然谈不上在两种语言中“功能对等”。目前 internet 该算是最时髦的新名词之一。开始时有很多中文译名，如 “网际网络”、“互联网”、“网间网”、“网际网”、“国际互联网”等，有人则在译文中直接照抄internet 一词，不作任何翻译，采用transference 。现在我国全国科学技术名词审定委员会已采用谐音译法，将其译为“因特网”。实际上，即使在非常接近的两种西方语言中，为了准确，也往往因为找不到真正 “功能对等”的词而需要借词。例如，“吨”法语是tonne ,相应的英语词就是ton。然而，法语的tonne表示1000公斤，而英语的ton 虽可以也是1000公斤，但美国人见到ton时往往会想到“美吨”（即“短吨”short ton），等于2000磅，约907.2公斤；英国人则会以为是英吨（即“长吨”long ton），等于2240磅，约1016公斤。因此，为了不引起歧义，欲表示1000公斤，有时还得说成metric ton，或借用法语词tonne。因此，法语词tonne 也进入了英语词典。

有些东西外文和中文的说法表面上看起来似乎完全对等，但经不起仔细推敲。例如，英语的white ant , 法语叫fourmi blanche, 与汉语的“白蚁”完全对等。然而，white ant 是一种误称，正确的称法应是 termite。如Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English对termite 一词的释义是“insect (popularly but wrongly called white ant )„ ”。“白蚁”属昆虫纲，等翅目；而“蚂蚁”属昆虫纲，膜翅目。白蚁形状象蚂蚁，但不是蚂蚁的一个种类。因此，“白蚁”非“蚁”，它本身是一个误称。英语的 termite 是正确的称法，法语的对等词仍是termite ，而在现代汉语中却没有对等词，只能还是用“白蚁”这一误称将就译之，但termite 与“白蚁”并不真的对等。

有些在不同的西方语言中完全“对等”的词，在汉语中则只能找到“部分功能对等”的说法。例如，英语的tomato 一词译成法语是tomate ，两个词意思完全相同，“功能对等”，而译成汉语则有两个名称——“西红柿”和“番茄”。有人可能会不假思索地说，“西红柿”就是“番茄”，“番茄”就是 “西红柿”，它们都是tomato的对等词。然而，实际情况是，“西红柿”和“番茄”两个词本身就不对等。在美国，顾客到商店买东西一般都得另外上税。但有的州规定，一些基本生活必需品可以免税，如买蔬菜不上税，买水果则必须上税。因此，tomato 到底是蔬菜还是水果就牵涉到要不要上税，成了一个法律问题。据说，1893年，在美国的最高法院里，人们还搬出词典来确定到底tomato 是蔬菜还是水果。（转引自Bejoint, 1994:123）对这个问题，我们感兴趣的是，tomato 译成法语不必介入“蔬菜”“水果”之争，而译成汉语却得介入。因为“西红柿”中的“柿”是水果，而“番茄”中的“茄”则是蔬菜。不管将tomato 译为“西红柿”或“番茄”，都只能是“部分功能对等”。 1994:123） 王佐良教授曾指出，“在翻译工作里，也必须注意语言与社会场合的关系”。“例如翻译请帖、通知、布告、规章、病历与病情公告之类的‘应用文体’，译者应该知道在译文里怎样寻找到相等的内行的格式和说法。‘油漆未干’必须译成英文的Wet paint，而不应是 ‘The paint is not dry’ 之类的外行话”。“换言之，在这些地方就不能照汉语字面直译，而必须要寻找适合于英语国家同样场合的‘对等说法’”（王佐良，1989：11）。

然而，由于社会文化、风俗习惯以及各国不同法规之间的差异，翻译此类“应用文体”时，有时采用一些“功能相似”的说法，也是无可厚非的。例如，我国的交通标语“一慢二看三通过”，吴光华主编的《汉英大词典》直译为“slow down, look around, and cro”，而《英语学习》1986年第八期发表的伊槟的“商标、告示及其它”一文则认为：“‘一慢二看三通过’就是‘STOP’。并不是叫车子就此停下不动，而是要求先停下来，再起步。这样就可保证免于撞车。这标志常见于小路进入大路或与大路交叉的地方，鲜明醒目。咱们的一二三式歌诀，韵味很足，惜乎等到看清楚这七个字，车子怕早已冲过头去。”显然，两种译法各有得有失。《汉英大词典》的译法虽准确地把原文的形式和意思用英语表达出来，但略嫌太长，比七个中文字还更难以看清楚，而且在英语国家也没有这种“slow down, look around, and cro”的交通标志。和它最接近的说法确实是“STOP”。英语国家中的“STOP”标志当然不能译为“停”，因为“STOP”标志要求开车人先把车停稳，看清楚另一条路上有没有过往车辆或行人，等别人通过后再开车，与我们的“一慢二看三通过”确实很相似。不同之处在于，在没有红绿灯的路口，开车人一看到“STOP”标志，即使周围并无别的车辆或行人，也必须把车刹稳后再开，否则就算违反交通规则。而我国在这种情况下则没有必须把车停稳的要求。因此，虽然“一慢二看三通过”和“STOP”给接受者的“感受”差不多，都是“礼让”，“注意交通安全”等，“反应”也很相似，但它们毕竟只是“功能相似”，而不是“功能对等”。

当然，我们所说的“部分功能对等”，指的是最基本、最重要部分的对等。如bill of lading 中作为可提货的物权凭证这最重要的部分与“提单”对等。我们所说的“功能相似”，也应是最基本、最主要特征的相似。在寻找“对等”或“相似”说法时，要特别警惕“假朋友”（false friend）, 切不可望文生义。例如，把“金砖”译成“gold brick”就属于这类错误。因为现在英美人说 gold brick 指的都是“假金砖”，“赝品”。[1] 显然，在翻译时多考虑“功能相似”的译法，将有助于避免因逐字死译产生的偏差。例如，我国几乎所有词典都将“挂号信”译成“registered letter”，其实美国英语中与“挂号信”功能相似的说法应该是“certified mail”，而“registered mail”的功能对等的说法则是“保价信”。[2]

本文只从一些名称的译法入手，对“功能对等”或“等效翻译”进行了初步探讨。文中所举的一些例子说明，“对等”、“等效”与“信、达、雅”标准一样都是译事之大难。在使用不同语言的国家中，由于社会、经济、文化、宗教等诸多方面存在着很大差异，要在两种语言中找到真正“功能对等”的表达法实属不易。这一点在汉语和西方语言的对译方面尤其明显。

文中所举的许多词语的译法已被广泛接受，成了固定译法。其实它们也只是“部分功能对等”或“功能相似”，并非完全“功能对等”。只有意识到这一点，对译文才能有个切合实际的合理的评判标准，译者在“山穷水尽疑无路”时，才可能找到“柳暗花明又一村”。

总之，不管人们对“功能对等”理论的看法如何，“功能对等”还是给了我们一些不可否认的重要启示：翻译工作者在掌握两种语言的同时，还要掌握好两种不同文化和其它必要的知识，多考虑寻找在另一种语言中最接近的“对等”或“相似”说法，翻译时才能左右逢源。

主要参考文献:

陈福康，1992，《中国译学理论史稿》，上海： 上海外语教育出版社。

董史良，1997，“对当前翻译理论的思考”，《中国翻译》第6期。

金隄，1989，《等效翻译探索》，北京： 中国对外翻译出版公司。

劳陇，1990，“‘殊途同归’——试论严复、奈达和纽马克翻译理论的一致性”，《外国语》第5期。

王佐良，1989，《翻译：思考与试笔》，北京：外语教学与研究出版社。

Bejoint, Henry.1994.Tradition and Innovation in Modern English Dictionaries.Oxford: Clarendon Pre.

Nida, E.A.1964.Toward a Science of Translating.Leiden: E.J.Brill.

Nida, E.A.And C.R.Taber.1969.The Theory and Practice of Translation.Leiden: E.J.Brill.

Nida.E,A.1993.Language, Culture and Translating.Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Pre.

第13篇：口译

美国总统尼克松第一次访华时的祝酒词

1总理先生，今晚在座的诸位贵宾：

我谨代表所有的美国客人向你们表示感谢，感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。中国人民正是以这种人情好客而闻名世界。//我不仅要对那些准备了这次盛大晚宴的人们表示敬意，还要对那些演奏这么美妙音乐的人们表示敬意。我在国外从来没听到过演奏得这么好的美国音乐。// 总理先生，我要感谢您所做的热情洋溢而又令人信服的讲话。此时此刻，通过现代通信的奇迹，看到和听到我们讲话的人比整个世界历史上任何其他这样的场合都要多。// 不过，我们在这里讲的话，人们不会长久记住，但我们在这里所做的事情却能改变世界。// 正如您在祝酒词里讲的那样，中国人民是伟大的人民，美国人民是伟大的人民。如果我们两国人民互相为敌的话，那么我们共同居住的这个世界的前途就真的是黯淡了。//但是，如果我们能够找到进行合作的共同点，那么实现世界和平的机会就不可估量地增加了。

Mr.Prime Minister and all of your distinguished guests this evening: On behalf of all of your American-guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparably hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.I particularly want to pay tribute, not only to those who prepared the magnificent dinner, but also to those who have provided the splendid music.Never have I heard American music played better in a foreign land.Mr.Prime Minister, I wish to thank you for your very gracious and eloquent remarks.At this very moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other such occasion in the whole history of the world.Yet, what we say here will not be long remembered.What we do here can change the world.As you said in your toast, the Chinese people are a great people, the American people are a great people.If our two peoples are enemies the future of this world we share, together is dark indeed.But if we can find common ground to work together, the chance for world peace is immeasurably increased.

……

本着这种精神，我请求各位同我一起举杯，为毛主席、为周总理，为能够为全世界人民带来友谊与和平的中美人民的友谊，干杯！

In that spirit, I ask all of you present to join me in raising your glaes to Chairman Mao, to Prime Minister Chou, and to the friendship of the Chinese and American people which can lead to friendship and peace for all people in the world.

2 市长先生阁下，中国朋友们，女士们，先生们: 这是我首次访问你们这座美丽的城市，我为此深感荣幸。我愿借此机会，代表我们代表团的全体成员，对我们东道主的盛情邀请，对我们一踏上这块充满魅力的土地便受到的友好款待，向东道主表示真诚的感谢。// 与此同时，我很高兴这次访问给予我一次极好的机会，向市长先生和广州人民转达我国政府和人民的热烈问候和诚挚的良好祝愿。虽然我们远隔万里，但贵国唐朝的一位诗人说得好，“海内存知己，天涯若比邻。”//

Your Honor Mr.Mayor, My Chinese friends, Ladies and gentlemen, I feel honored to come here on my first visit to your beautiful city.On behalf of all the members of my miion, I would like to take this opportunity to expre our sincere thanks to our host for their earnest invitation and gracious hospitality we have received since we set foot on this charming land.I am also very happy that this visit has given me an excellent opportunity to convey to you and to the people of Shanghai warm greetings and sincere good wishes of the government and people of my country.Although we live a distance of tens of thousands miles between us, "Long distance separates no bosom friends," as one of your Tang poets said.

最后，我此行的又一项重要任务是向广州市长面呈访问我市的正式邀请，希望市长先生在其方便的时候访问法兰克福市，以便使我们能有机会来回报我们在这里受到的热情款待。// 我非常珍惜我们两座城市之间的密切关系，我也非常重视我们作为你们最重要的贸易伙伴之一所享有的地位。// 尽管近年来世界经济处于不景气的状态，我们之间的经济合作和贸易额却一直在稳步增长。我们真诚地希望彼此之间继续密切合作，发展我们的友好关系，确保我们在经济、金融和贸易方面的合作持续增长。// 请允许我借此机会，祝愿市长先生，祝愿出席今晚招待会的所有中国朋友，身体健康！谢谢各位。// Last but not the least, I would like to extend in person our official invitation to the mayor of Shanghai.We would like His Honor to visit the city of San Francisco at his earliest convenience, so as to give us an opportunity to return the warm reception and hospitality we enjoy here.

I greatly cherish the close relationship between our two cities.I also greatly value the position we enjoy as one of your most important artners.In spite of the worldwide economic receion in recent years, there has been a steady growth in our economic cooperation and trade volume.It is our sincere wish that we continue to work closely together to enhance our friendly relationship and to ensure a sustained growth in our economic, financial and trade cooperation.On the occasion of this reception, I wish Mr.Mayor and all our Chinese friends present here tonight good health! 3尊敬的约旦副首相穆罕默德•哈拉伊格阁下，尊敬的各位来宾，各位朋友，女士们，先生们：

值此第五届中国投资贸易洽谈会召开之际，我谨代表中国政府，向来自世界各地的嘉宾表示热烈欢迎！

自1997 年以来，中国已经成功地举办了四届投资贸易洽谈会。// 投资贸易洽谈会在宣传中国利用外资政策，促进外商来华投资，引导中国企业到海外投资等方面发挥了重要作用。 Your Excellency Mohammed Al-Halaiqah, Deputy Prime Minister of Jordan Distinguished guests, Dear friends,Ladies and Gentlemen,

On the occasion of the Fifth China International Fair for Investment and Trade, I would like, on behalf of the Chinese government, to extend my warm welcome to all distinguished guests coming from all over the world.

Ever since 1997, China has held four succeful International Fair for Investment and Trade.The Fair has played an important role in publicizing China's policies on foreign investment attraction, promoting foreign capital inflow and guiding Chinese companies to make overseas investment.4张先生、各位女土、各位先生： 本人谨代表所有参与此次研讨会的外国人员，向您表达最诚挚的谢意，感谢您对我们温暖而亲切的欢迎。// 从我抵此的短暂时间所见的点滴来看。我必须说中国是个很美丽的国家，人民也非常友善。我知道我可以代表每一个人来说这话，因为从到达机场那一刻开始，就有许多能干且考虑周到的人来处理我们的各种琐碎事情，使得整个紧张的旅程变得轻松愉快，你们提供的食宿非常舒适，研讨会场的布置也轻松合宜，却又井然有序。// Mr.Zhang, ladies and gentlemen:

On behalf of the foreign guests attending this workshop, let me say a most sincere thank you for your warm and gracious welcome.// From the little I've seen in the short time when I've been here.I'd have to say China is a very beautiful country and your people are very friendly.I know that I can speak for everyone when I say that, from the moment when we arrived at the airport, there have been many helpful and considerate people to take care of all the little things that make the difference between a hectic and a relaxing trip.The accommodations you have provided are very comfortable and the setting for this workshop is relaxed, yet busine like.

对全世界电脑工业界而言，这是令人兴奋的时刻，我们很高兴能有这个机会来参加研讨会，谢谢你们的邀请和热情接待。// This is an exciting time for the computer industry worldwide, and we are excited to have the opportunity to participate in this workshop.Thank you for the invitation and the warm reception.5各位嘉宾，各位朋友，女士们，先生们：

金秋十月，我们迎来了第86 届中国出口商品交易会，迎来了来自五湖四海的嘉宾朋友。// 改革开放20 多年来，广东的对外贸易得到了长足的发展，进出口总值平均每年递增24.6%，1998 年广东外贸出口总值达到了757.2 亿美元，占全国出口总值的41.2%。广东省本年度的进出口总额达1300 亿美元，占全国净出口总额的40.1%。

In this golden autumn season of october ,we welcome in guangzhou the opening of the 86th seion of china export commodity fair and our guests and friends from all over the world .Over the past two decades since the reform and opening up of china , the foreign trade of guangdong province has made great strides and rapid development .The annual average total value of imports and exports was increased by 24.6%.And in 1998, the total value of foreign trade and exports in guangdong province reached $75.72 billion , accounting for 41.2 percent of the total for china., and the total value of imports and exports in guangdong was $130 billion , equivalent to 40.1 percent of china's total. 我代表广东交易团，竭诚邀请给位客商前来洽谈贸易和投资，并预祝第86 届中国出口商品交易会圆满成功！// on behalf of the guangdong trade delegation , i cordially invite you businemen to have trade talks with us and to invest here in guangdong, and congratulate everyone beforehand on the complete succe of the 86th seion of the china export commodity fair. 6女士们，先生们：

我非常高兴能在此会见来自大洋彼岸的加拿大商业界的朋友。“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。”这句话可以表达我此时此刻的心情。//

中国政府十分重视同加拿大双边经贸关系的发展，并且非常赞赏加中贸易理事会为加强我们这两个伟大的国家商业界的联系而做出的努力和起到的桥梁作用。我感谢理事会所有成员为促进加中贸易做出的努力。// 加拿大是一个工业发达、资源丰富的国家，中国则是一个劳动力充足、市场巨大的国家。我们希望看到加拿大的企业能够充分利用自己在技术和财力上的优势，赢得中国市场。// I am very pleased to meet here with my friends from the Canadian busine community who have come all the way from the other side of the pacific .My current feeling can best be expreed by an Chinese greeting : " how delightful i am t have friends coming from afar" he Chinese government attaches great importance to the development of bilateral economic and trade relations with canada and appreciates the efforts made by the Canadian-Chinese trade council serving as a bridge linking the busine communities of our two great nations.I commend all the members of the council for their efforts in promoting trade with china .Canada is a country with well-developed industries and abundant resources , while china has a plentiful supply of labor and a potentially huge markets .We hope to see Canadian enterprises make full of their technical and financial advantages and compete well in the Chinese market.7总统先生, 克林顿夫人， 女士们，先生们：

我感谢克林顿总统的邀请，怀着愉快的心情对美国进行国事访问。我要借此机会，向伟大的美国人民转达十二亿中国人民的诚挚问候和良好祝愿。

十八年前，邓小平先生在这里郑重宣告：中美关系史上的一个新时代开始了。今天，我受中国人民的重托访问贵国，是为了增进了解，扩大共识，发展合作，共创未来，推动中美关系进入新的发展阶段。 二十一世纪即将来临，世界各国人民都期待着新世纪成为一个充满希望的世纪，我们这个星球成为人类和平、安宁、繁荣的家园。

中美两国都是世界上具有重要影响的国家。在新的国际形势下，中美之间的共同利益，不是在减少，而是在增加；合作潜力，不是在缩小，而是在扩大。在事关全人类生存与发展的重大问题上，两国有着广泛的共同利益，肩负着共同的责任。世界各国人民和有识之士，都在关注着中美关系发展的进程。

8各位同事，女士们，先生们：

金秋10月，很高兴能与大家聚会上海，共同审议本届亚太经合组织（APEC）部长级会议的各项议题。我谨代表中国政府对各位部长的到来表示热烈的欢迎。

Dear Colleagues, Ladies and gentlemen, I am so glad to have you with us in Shanghai in this golden autumn for a review of all the agenda items of the APEC Ministerial Meeting.Allow me to extend, on behalf of the Chinese Government, our warm welcome to all of you.

9各位同事: 秋天是收获的季节。经过我们的官员们在过去数月的努力工作，今年APEC的各项工作已基本就绪，我相信此次部长级会议的讨论必然能够在以上各个领域结出丰硕的果实，提交给今年的领导人会议。我希望我们的努力不仅能取得切实的成果，而且为APEC第二个10年的发展注入新的活力并规划出其未来前进的蓝图。

我期待着各位部长对中国作为会议主席的工作给予支持，在未来两天的会议里，充分发扬务实、灵活与合作的精神。我相信，在你们的积极配合下，本次会议一定能够取得成功。

谢谢大家。 Dear Colleagues，

Autumn is a season for harvest.Thanks to the hard work by our officials over the past few months， all the preparation work for this year's APEC meetings is by and large completed.I am convinced that this Ministerial Meeting will produce rich deliverables in all the above-mentioned fields to be submitted to this year's Economic Leaders Meeting.I hope that we will not only produce practical results but also i nject fresh vigor to APEC development in its second decade and work out a blueprint for its future development.

I am sure that I can count on you for your support to China in chairing this meeting.I hope that you will demonstrate a practical， flexible and cooperative spirit in the coming two days.I believe that with your close collaboration， this meeting will be a great succe.

Thank you.10 副总统阁下、威廉斯夫人， 贵宾们，

女士们、先生们：

我为能在此设宴招待威廉斯总统和夫人以及其他贵宾而深感荣幸和愉快。我愿借此机会向各位来宾表示热烈的欢迎。我此时的心情可以用孔子在《论语》中的一句话来表达：“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。”

Your Excellency Vice President and Mrs.Williams, Distinguishing Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen,

It is my privilege and great pleasure to host this banquet in honor of Vice President and Mrs.Williams and other distinguished guests.I would avail myself of this opportunity to extend my warm welcome to you all.A remark in The Analects of Confucius can best expre what I feel now, “It is such a delight to have friends coming from afar!”

显而易见，威廉斯副总统的这次访问表明了阁下愿意继续推进我们两国之间友好合作关系的决心。我深信，两国高层领导人之间的频繁互访，不仅有助于我们两国之间关系得改善，而且还有助于亚太地区地区乃至整个世界的和平与稳定。

Evidently, Vice President Williams’s current visit has demonstrated his Excellency’s determination to further enhance the friendly and cooperative relations between our two countries.I’m deeply convinced that a frequent exchange of visits between the top government officials of the two countries is beneficial not only to the improvement of our relations, but also to peace and stability of the Asia-Pacific region and the world as a whole

我们两国建交以来的这些年里，我们在政治、经济、贸易、文化、教育、科技、卫生等领域里进行了真诚的、卓有成效的合作。值得一提的是，自从我们两国总理互访以来，我们在近海石油勘探和汽车工业方面的合作进展神速。我们对在这些领域里所取得的成就深感满意，并愿意与贵国政府和人民一起继续努力，将我们的合作关系推向一个新的高度。

Over the years since the establishment of diplomatic relations between our two countries, we have carried out sincere and rewarding cooperation in political, economic, trade, cultural, educational, scientific and technological, public health and other fields.In particular, our cooperation in offshore oil exploration and automobile industry has been advancing rapidly ever since the exchange of visits between your Prime Minister and our Premier.We’re very satisfied with the development in these areas, and we’re willing to make further efforts with your government and people to push these cooperative relations to a new height.

近代中国经历了一段积贫积弱、仁人宰割的历史。落后就要挨打，这是中国人民从屡遭外来侵略的悲惨经历中得出的刻骨铭心的教训。一个国家只有首先自强，才能在世界上自立。一百多年来，中华人民共和国成立后，中国人民自力更生、改革开放、与时俱进，在社会主义建设中取得了举世瞩目的伟大成就。当前，中国人民坚定不移地抓住发展这个第一要务，正满怀信心地为全面建设小康社会、实现现代化而团结奋斗。

China experienced a period of enduring impoverishment and long-standing debility in its modern history and was for a time at the mercy of other countries.Lagging behind leaves one vulnerable to attacks, which is the never-forgotten leon the Chinese people have learnt from their tragic experience of repeated foreign invasions.A country has to strengthen itself before it can be sure of its place in the world.For over a hundred years, the Chinese people have made unremitting efforts toward the goal of rejuvenating the nation.Since the founding of People’s Republic of China, the Chinese people, through self-reliance, have carried out the national program of reform and opening up and, by keeping pace with the times, have made great achievements in building socialism that have caught the attention of the world .At present, the Chinese People stay focused on the primary task of development, working together with full confidence to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects and striving to achieve modernization.

但是，我们必须清地看到，中国仍然是一个发展中国家，社会身产力水平总的还比较低，仍然处于并将长期出于社会主义初级阶段，还需要经过几十年的刻苦奋斗才能建成小康社会，实现中华民族的伟大复兴。我们要牢牢坚持发展是硬道理的战略思想，紧紧抓住和用好重要战略机遇期，坚持以科学发展观统领经济社会发展全局，坚持以经济建设为中心，促进社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设与和谐社会建设全面发展，不断满足日益增长的物质文化需要。

However, we must be fully aware of the fact that China is still a developing country with a low level of productivity on the whole, and it is still at the primary stage of building socialism and will remain so far many years to come.It will take decades of persistent and hard work to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects and to achieve our great national rejuvenation.We must adhere firmly to the strategic thinking that development is of overriding importance and keep a firm grasp of and make use of the period of important strategic opportunities.We will stick to the scientific outlook on development in guiding overall economic and social development.

我们需要长期的和平国际环境，尤其是长期的睦邻友好环境。我们要高举和平、发展、合作的旗帜，坚定不移地走和平发展道路，继续实行全方位的对外开放政策，同世界各国各地区广泛开展经济技术合作和科学文化交流，既要利用世界和平与发展的有利时机发展自己，又要以自己的发展促进世界的和平与发展，努力争取互利共赢的结果， 为人类做出更大的贡献。

We, theregfore, need a long-term peaceful international enviroment, and a long-term good-neighborly enviroment in particular.We must hold high the banner of peace, development, cooperation, and keep steadfastly to the road of peaceful development.We will continue to carry out the policy of opening to the outside world in all dimensions.We will conduct extensive economic and technological cooperation and scientific and cultural exchanges with other countries and regions.As we do so, we will seize the favorable opportunity of world peace and development to develop ourselves while at the same time promoting world peace and development with our growth, aiming for a win-win result to everyone's benefit, thus making greater contributions to humankind.

女士们、先生们，谋求持久的世界和平和全球经济繁荣是我们共同愿望。正是本着维护世界和平、保证共同发展与持续繁荣的精神，我们制定了现行的外交政策和经济政策，发展与各国平等互利的友好关系。我们很高兴地看到，贵国一贯奉行谋求世界和平的政策，在过去的十年中始终与我们保持着良好的贸易伙伴关系。我期待着与威廉斯副总统就双边关系的发展，以及亚太地区和我们共同关心的其他一些国际问题举行会谈。

Ladies and genglemen, it is our common wish to seek sustained world peace and persistent global economic prosperity.It is in the spirit of safeguarding world peace and ensuring common development and prosperity that we have made our current foreign policies, as well as our economic and trade policies, and wish to promote our friendy relations with other countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.We are very pleased that your country is in persistent pursuit of a world peace policy and has kept a decade-old good trading partnership with China.I am looking forward to holding talks with you on the internaional iues of common interest.

在我结束讲话之际，我请各位于我一起举杯，

为威廉斯副总统和夫人的身体健康，

为所有贵宾们的身体健康，

为我们两国之间持久的友谊与合作，

为世界和平与繁荣，

干杯！

In closing, I would like you to join me in a toast

To the health of Vice President and Mrs.Williams,

To the health of all our distinguished guests,

To the lasting friendship and cooperation between our two counties,

To the peace and prosperity of the world,

Cheers!

第14篇：口译

Paage 1 女士们、先生们：很高兴能有机会参加这次“中国日”年会。亚洲是世界上最大的洲，拥有世界60%的人口。它资源丰富，历史悠久。中国是亚洲的一员，同所有亚洲人民一样，中国人民勤劳智慧。中国人民愿与所有亚洲人民一起，共创亚洲的美好明天。

Ladies and gentlemen: I „m glad to have the opportunity to take part in the annual “China day ”. Asia is the largest continent in the world , with 60% of the world‟s population .It is rich in resources and has a long history .China is a member of the Asia , as well as all the Asia people ,the Chinese people are industrious and intelligent.Chinese people are willing to work with all Asia people , create the bright future of Asia .Paage 2 我们非常高兴能和你们在英格兰度过这样一段愉快的时光。在告别英格兰的时候，我觉得自己对它和它的历史有了更多的了解。我们希望在不久的将来能在中国接待诸位，请诸位看看中国的变化。现在，我提议为东道主的健康干杯！希望在不久能看见你们。

We are very pleased to be with you in England spent a happy time . Bid farewell to the England , I fell to it and its history with a greater understanding of .We hope to welcome you in China near future ,please have a look China changes .Now , I would like to propose a toast to the health of the host .Hope to see you in the near future .Paage 3我非常感谢您热情友好的欢迎辞。印度是最古老的文明摇篮之一，访问印度是我的强烈愿望。我为能成为贵公司的客人而深感荣幸。这次访问给予我一次很好的机会结交新朋友。我公司同印度有着有好的合作关系。我们在许多领域里的合作都取得了重大进展。我们的合作是富有成效的。我们将继续成为和睦的互助伙伴关系。

Thank you very much for your gracious speech of welcome . India is one of the most ancient cradles of civilization and a visit to India is my strong desire .I fell very honored to be the guest of your company .This visit gives me a good opportunity to make new friends .Our company have a good cooperation relationship with India .We have made great progre in many areas.Our cooperation is fruitful .We will continue to be a harmonious partnership of mutual help .Paage 4今晚，我们很高兴在北京大学接待格林博士和夫人。我代表学校的全体师生员工向格林博士和夫人及其他新西兰贵宾表示热烈的欢迎。中新两国教育界人士的互访，增进了相互间的了解和学术交流。我相信格林博士这次对我校的访问必将为进一步加强两校的友好合作关系做出重要贡献。明天，贵宾们将要赴南京和上海访问，我预祝大家一路旅途愉快。

Tonight, we are pleased to welcome Dr.And Mrs.Green in Peking University.I represent all the teacher and students of school staff to Dr.And Mrs.Green and other New Zealand guests a warm welcome .Visit to New Zealand education circles , enhance mutual understanding and academic exchanges .I believe Dr.Greene this visit to our school will in order to further strengthen the friendly relations and cooperation between the two schools make a significant contribution .Tomorrow ,our distinguished guests will leave for Nanjing and Shanghai ,I wish you have a please journey all the way .

Paage 5今天各位能出席这个招待会，我们深感荣幸。 欢迎到中国来。在发展对外贸易中，我们坚持“互相尊重、平等互利”的原则，这一原则有助于发展我们各国独立的民族经济。我愿借此机会对各位朋友给予我们的合作和支持表示感谢。

Today we feel deeply honored that you can attend the conference .Welcome to China .In the development of foreign trade ,we insist on the principle of “mutual respect ,equality and mutual benefit ”, this principle will help develop our national independent national economy .Each friend I would like to take this opportunity to thank you very much for your cooperation and support .

Paage 6 在这个满天星斗、举国同庆的夜晚，我谨代表公司的全体同仁，感谢各位从百忙之中抽出时间光临我们的春节联欢晚会。春节是我国一年中的良辰佳时，我希望各位中外同事共度一个轻松、欢快的夜晚。我愿外国来宾能尽情品尝中国的传统佳肴和美酒。我希望这次晚会能使我们彼此有机会沟通、增进友谊。最后我再次感谢各位嘉宾的光临，并祝各位新年健康、事业有成。

In the starlit skies , celebration throughout the night ,I, on behalf of all my colleagues of the company ,thank you for taking time off your busy schedule to come to our Spring Festival gala .The Spring Festival is China‟s wonderful time of year ,I wish all the Chinese and foreign colleagues have a relaxing and delightful evening together .I want to foreign guests can enjoy traditional Chinese food and wine .I hope this party will enable us to have the opportunity to communicate with each other and promote friendship .Finally, I once again thank you for your presence ,and wish everyone good health , a succeful career in the new year.Paage 7近年来，中国在交通方面的资金投入每年都有所增加，公路建设因此有了很大发展。到去年末，这方面的投资超过了人民币3,200亿元。自从我国实行西部大开发策略后，西部的公路建设也得到了迅速发展。在今后的几年里，西部地区将继续成为公路建设的重点地区。

China has increased its input of funds in transportation in recent years.Road construction has accordingly developed considerably.The investment in this area had exceeds 320 billion yuan by the end of last year.Since the implementation of the Great Western Development Strategy, road construction has been accelerated in West China.It will remain a prime region for road construction in the years to come.Paage 8 中国加快发展，将给中美关系发展提供新的机遇与动力。例如，中国的旅游业带动航空业的发展，已经给美国企业带来了可观的实惠。中国从美国进口大量的大豆、小麦等农产品，为美国农业提供了广阔的市场。我相信，中国完全有可能在未来的20年乃至更长的时间里，继续保持稳定快速的经济增长。

The accelerated development of China will provide Sino-U.S.relation with new opportunities and impetus.For example, the tourism industry in china has effected development in the aviation industry, which has in turn generated considerable benefits to American enterprises.China imports a large number of such agricultural products as bean, wheat, and cotton from America, providing a big market for American agriculture.I’m convinced that China will surely remain its stable and fast economic growth in the next 20 years and beyond.

Paage 9 欢迎各位参观上海博物馆。上海博物馆于90年代中期落成并正式对外开放。这是我国现代化程度最高的博物馆之一，馆内收藏的是中华民族文化遗产中的珍品。经过精心挑选的每件展品都代表了不同历史时期的艺术风格。这些展品包括酒器、乐器、兵器以及500余件陶瓷精品。

Welcome to Shanghai Museum.Shanghai Museum was completed and officially open to the public in the mid-90s.it is known as one of the largest and most modernized museums in China.What displayed in the museum are fine treasures of the Chinese culture heritage.The well-chosen exhibits show the distinctive styles of different periods in the history of Chinese art.These exhibits include wine veels, musical instruments, weapons as well as over 500 pieces of finest ceramics

Paage 10 我想借此机会告诉大家关于中国残疾人的一些数字。他们占全国人口的6.34%。在中国，残疾人生活在超过7000万户的家庭中。这意味着，在中国每五户家庭就有一户有一个残疾人。在这些残疾人中，有280万是进行常规训练的运动员。

I’d like to take this opportunity to tell you some numbers about disabled people in china.They make up 6.34 percent of the country’s population.Disabled people live in more than 70 million households in China.This means that almost 1 out of 5 families in China has a disabled person.Among this disabled, 2.8 million are athletes who train regularly.

Paage 11 目前，许多中学生的学习压力都很大，因为老师和家长十分看重学生的成绩。为了取得好成绩，很多学生参加课外补习，他们基本上没有周末和假期。这种情形让人担忧，过重的课业负担使学生无法发展自己的兴趣。更糟糕的是，这甚至会使学生睡眠不足，有的还会产生心理问题。

Nowadays, many middle school students are experiencing huge study preure, as teachers and parents place much importance on their grades.In order to improve their grades, many students take extra leons after school, sacrificing nearly all of their weekends and holidays.This is a worrying phenomenon because the heavy study burden limits students from developing her own hobbies.What’s worse, this can even cause insufficient sleep or psychological problems.

Paage 12 国际金融危机给中国带来了前所未有的困难和挑战。主要表现在：进出口继续下滑，工业生产明显放缓，部分企业经营困难。这场国际金融危机与中国发展方式转变、经济结构调整的关键时期不期而遇。新的挑战与既有矛盾互相交织，加大了我们解决问题的难度。

The international financial crisis has brought unprecedented difficulties and challenges to China.Imports and exports have been on the decline.Industrial production has notably slowed down.Some enterprises are having a hard time in their production and busine operation.This crisis coincides with a crucial juncture in China’s efforts to transform the growth pattern and adjust the economic structure.New challenges coupled with existing problems have made our task all the more difficult.

Paage 13 接下来，我要谈谈青年。青年时国家的未来，是世界的希望。在任何一个时代，青年都是社会上最富有朝气、最富有创造性的群体。在以和平与发展为主题的当今时代，青年更是维护世界和平、促进共同发展的重要力量。青年的健康发展关系到社会和谐与国家兴旺。

In a minute, I’m going to talk about young people.They are not only the future of a country, but also the hope of the world.In any era, young people are the most vigorous and creative group in society.In today’s time with peace and development as the theme, youth is even more an important force to maintain world peace and promote common development.The healthy development of youth is relevant to the harmony of a society and prosperity of a country.

Paage 14 我希望这个简短的展示对阐明我们的看法有所帮助。我们必须应对经济全球化所带来的挑战。未来的海关制度将在保护欧洲及欧洲人民的同时，最大限度地促进公平交易。我方只有得到贵方对海关改革的全力支持，这一切才能变成现实。我方支持贵方做出进一步的贡献以帮助我们创造一个安全、健康、有效的海关环境。

I hope this brief presentation has been useful to clarify our vision.We have to cope with the challenges brought by the economic globalization.This future customs system will protect Europe and its citizens while facilitating honest busine to the greatest extent.This can become a reality only if I get your full support for the customs reform.I encourage you to contribute further and to aist us in fostering a safe, healthy and efficient customs environment.

1.Going forward, we cannot tolerate the same old boom and bust economy of the past.We can\'t grow complacent.We can\'t wait for a crisis to cooperate.That\'s why our new framework will allow each of us to ae the others\' policies, to build consensus on reform, and to ensure that global demand supports growth for all.展望未来，我们不能允许以往经济繁荣与萧条的。我们不能骄傲自满。我们不能等到危机展开合作。这就是为什么我们的新框架将允许我们每个人评估别人的改良政策，建立共识，并保证全球的需求带动全体经济的增长。

2.There is no time to waste.America has made our choice.We have charted our course.We have made our commitments.We will do what we say.Now I believe it\'s the time for the nations and the people of the world to come together behind a common purpose.时不我待。美国已经做出了我们的选择。我们已经规划了我们的路线。我们已经表达了我们的承诺。我们言出必行。我们认为，现在全世界各国和人民应该为了一个共同的目标齐心协力。

3.I also want to thank my colleagues for the candor and cooperative spirit that they brought to the discuions.This was not a day of long speeches or lectures on what other nations must do.We listened to each other, with mutual respect.We recognized that while different countries face different challenges, we have a mutual interest in securing these dangerous materials.我还要感谢各位同仁在讨论中所表现的的坦率与合作精神。今天并无冗长的讲话，亦无要求别国如何是从的训诫。我们互相倾听、互相尊重。我们认识到，虽然不同国家面临不同的挑战，但我们有着共同的利益，即确保这些危险核材料的安全。

4.The New Year\'s bell is about to ring, and 2010 is soon to begin.At this beautiful moment of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new, and via China Radio International, China National Radio and China Central Television, I\'m delighted to extend New Year wishes to Chinese of all ethnic groups, to compatriots in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan, to overseas Chinese and to friends all over the world! 新年的钟声就要敲响，2010年的帷幕即将拉开。在这辞旧迎新的美好时刻，我很高兴通过中国国际广播电台、中央人民广播电台、中央电视台，向全国各族人民、向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞、台湾同胞和海外华侨，向世界俄国的朋友们，致以新年的祝福！

5.The past year was truly extraordinary and inspiring.We held a grand celebration of the 60th anniversary of the founding of New China.The outstanding achievements we made in that time have greatly boosted the confidence and pride of the people, strengthened the cohesivene of the Chinese nation, and raised China\'s international standing and influence.All this definitely encourages us to continue to forge ahead on the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.过去的一年，极不平凡，令人振奋。我们隆重庆祝新中国成立60周年。抚今追昔，伟大祖国的辉煌成就极大地激发了全国人民的自信心和自豪感，极大地增强了中华民族的向心力和凝聚力，极大地提升了我国的国际地位和影响力，必将激励我们在中国特色社会主义道路上继续奋勇前进。

6.Today, we commemorate the single greatest lo the UN has suffered in its history.We remember 101 lives of consequence.We honor 101 unique paths that joined in Haiti to write the larger story of the United Nations.These women and men were our own.They were family.今天，我们缅怀在联合国历史上最惨重损失中牺牲的人员。我们缅怀101个英烈。他们沿着101条独特的道路聚集到海地，谱写联合国的辉煌篇章，可歌可敬。他们就是我们的男女工作人员，是我们的家人。

7.China\'s economic development and integration into the international system have gone hand-in-hand with the strengthening of the U.S.-China relationship. When President Carter sent National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski to China in 1979 to formally establish diplomatic relations, there were only 1,500 foreigners in Beijing. Today, there are more than that connected to the U.S.Miion（delegation） in China alone, and more Americans acro China than in the state of Montana. 中国的经济发展和融入国际体系与美中关系的加强同步进行。1979年当卡特总统派遣国家安全顾问布热津斯基到中国正式建立关系时，只有1500名外国人在北京。今天，在中国的仅与美国使团相关的人就比那更多，在中国各地的美国人比蒙塔纳州的还多。

8.China\'s reform began in the rural areas.It spread from the country to cities and from the economic sector to the political, cultural, social and all other fields.What started as a small stream grew into an unstoppable mighty current.The opening-up endeavor started with the establishment of Shenzhen and three other special economic zones and expanded to cities along the coast, rivers and border areas and eventually became an all-directional and multi-tiered opening-up.中国的改革发端于农村。开始时是涓涓细流，后来发展成势不可挡的洪流。改革从农村到城市，从经济领域到政治、文化和社会等各个领域。中国的开放则从建立深圳等四个经济特区到沿海、沿江、沿边城市，再到全方位、多层次的全面开放。

9.We have achieved the historic transition from a highly centralized planned economy to a vibrant socialist market economy and from a closed or semi-closed society to one that is fully open to the outside world.We have established the basic economic system for the primary stage of socialism, a modern corporate system that meets the needs of the market economy, and a modern market system that is unified, open, and competitive and in good order.我们成功实现了从高度集中的计划经济体制到充满活力的社会主义市场经济体制、从封闭半封闭状态到全方位对外开放的历史性转变。确立了社会主义初级阶段的基本经济制度，建立了适应市场经济要求的现代企业制度，形成了统一开放竞争有序的现代市场体系。

10.We have built a macro-economic regulation system that relies mainly on economic and legal means.And we have gradually improved the system under which distribution according to work is dominant and a variety of distribution modes coexist.The social safety net has been further improved for greater equity and justice.At the same time, we have advanced reform in education, culture, science, technology, health and other areas, promoted political restructuring with the focus on expanding socialist democracy and adopted the strategy of building a country under the rule of law.建立了以经济手段和法律手段为主的宏观调控体系，完善了按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存的分配制度，逐步健全以公平正义为目标的社会保障等体系。同时，推进了教育、文化、科技、卫生等社会领域的改革，推进了以社会主义民主政治建设为主要内容的政治体制改革，确立依法治国、建设法治国家的方略。

第15篇：口译

1、嘉宾—distinguished(honored) guest

明月当空—a moon-lit sky 全体同仁—all our colleagues 百忙中拨冗光临—take time out from a busy„„

新春联欢晚会—spring festival celebration party

远道而来—coming all the way from 尽情品尝—try and enjoy the good food 美味佳肴—fine wine and good food 才华横溢—very talented

纯正—pure

无所拘束—feel free万事如意—good luck in everything you do Our honored guests, On this beautiful evening with a most beautiful moonlight, I would like to welcome you on behalf of General Manager Ms.Mei, and all my colleagues of this company.各位嘉宾：在这个美丽无比、明月当空的夜晚，我谨代表总经理梅女士以及公司的全体同仁。

I wish to thank everyone here for having taken time off their busy schedule, at this very time of the year, to come to our Chinese New Year Party.感谢各位能在一年最繁忙的季节，从百忙中拨冗光临我们的新春联欢晚会。

We are particularly fortunate tonight to have the attendance of our friends from the Benson’s Electronics Company, who have

come all the way from Canada.I feel greatly honored and proud to have such distinguished guests celebrating the Spring Festival here with us.有如此杰出的贵宾与我们一起共同欢度春节，我深感自豪与荣幸。 We will do our best to make this a most fun, most enjoyable and most memorable evening for you.我们将尽自己之所能，并将继续竭尽全力使各位度过一个最轻松、最欢乐、最难忘的夜晚。

I hope you will try, as much as you like, all our wonderful Chinese dishes and wines.Please help yourself and enjoy.我希望各位来宾能品尝中国的传统佳肴与美酒。请不要客气。 Later on, you will enjoy authentic Chinese entertainment performed by some very talented young employees of our company.We will have a lot of fun tonight.各位还将欣赏由本公司一些才华横溢的青年员工所表演的中国味纯正的文艺节目。今晚我们会过得非常愉快。

During normal work hours in the company, our Chinese staff and foreign staff hardly got to sit down and talk to each other.平时在公司上班时，我们中外职员几乎没有时间坐下来交谈。

I hope this party will give us an excellent opportunity to get to know each other better and increase personal friendships in a

more informal way.我希望这次晚会可以让我们有极好的机会，可以无所拘束地了解彼此的情况，增进个人之间的友谊。 Ladies and gentlemen, I’d like to thank you again for coming to the party.And I wish all of you good health and the very best in the New Year.女士们，先生们，我再次感谢各位嘉宾的光临。最后，我祝愿各位新年身体健康、万事如意。

2、宣布„„开幕—declare„„now begins

社区服务—community services 国际研讨会—international symposium

筹委会—organizing committee 开幕式—opening ceremony

温哥华—Vancouver 市场经济体制—market economy

社会福利保障体制—social welfare and security system 社会职能—government functions

政府包揽—all undertaken by the gov’t 民间组织—non-government organization

宏观管理—macro-management 分工协作—division of work/collaboration

借鉴—take reference 丰硕成果—fruitful results

预祝„„圆满成功—I wish „„a complete succe

兰戈拉社区学院—langara community college 上海市政府—shanghai municipal gov’t 社会团体—social organizations

社区工作者协会—social workers aociation 各界来宾—guests from all walks of life Ladies and gentlemen, I hereby declare that the ―International Symposium on Shanghai’s Community Services‖ now begins.我宣布，“上海社区服务国际研讨会”现在正式开幕。

First of all, please permit me, on behalf of the organizing committee of the symposium,首先，请允许我代表研讨会的委员会。

To extend our warm welcome to the leaders of the Shanghai Municipal Government, the leaders of our city’s social organizations, representatives of the Community Social Workers Aociation, and all our guests who have come to our opening ceremony today!向参加今天开幕式的上海市政府领导、社会团体的领导、社区工作者协会的代表，以及社会各界的来宾，表示热烈的欢迎！

Our warm welcome also goes to our friends from Canada as well as our friends from other countries and regions.同时向来自加拿大以及世界其他国家和地区的朋友们表示热烈的欢

迎。

In particular, I wish to expre our sincere thanks to Canada’s Langara Community College of Vancouver, whose generous help has made it poible for us to convene our symoposium.加拿大温哥华兰格拉社区学院对本次研讨会的成功召开给与了很大的帮助，对此我谨致以诚挚的谢意。

The establishment and development of China’s socialist market economy requires reform and improvement of our social welfare and security system, and that in turn places higher expectations on our community services.我国社会主义市场经济体制的建立和发展，要求我们改革和完善社会福利保障体制，从而对社区服务提出了更高的要求。

While governmental functions are undergoing transformation, many of the social services undertaken by the government will have to be turned over to social groups and non-governmental organizations gradually.随着政府职能的转变，原来的政府包揽的许多社区服务工作，有相当一部分将逐步转移到社会团体和民间组织。

On the one hand, the government is shouldering greater responsibilities in terms of macro-management; and on the other hand, social groups and non-government organizations will need to get more involved in community services.一方面，政府的宏

观管理责任将变得更加重大，另一方面，社会团体和民间组织需要参与更多的社区服务工作。

Here is the iue: How, in order to better promote community services, does the government collaborate closely with the numerous social groups while keeping a clear division of responsibility? 这就提出了一个课题：政府和社区团体如何密切合作、分工协作，更好地推进社区服务事业。

Some developed foreign countries and regions have accumulated much experience in this regard, which merits our reference and study.海外一些发达国家和地区在这方面积累了不少经验，值得我们借鉴和研究。

It is with this iue in mind that we are now holding this symposium.正是为了讨论这个课题，我们举办了这次研讨会。 I believe the symposium will prove to be constructive and significant in propelling the development of China’s community service programs, her economy, and social stability as well.我相信这次研讨会对于推动中国社区服务事业的蓬勃开展，促进经济发展和社会稳定，具有积极的作用和意义。

At the same time, I also believe that our symposium will bear fruitful results through the hard work from all of you here.同时我也相信，在各位朋友的努力下，我们的研讨会一定能够取得丰硕的成果。

Lastly, may I wish a total succe for this symposium! May I also wish our foreign experts and scholars, as well as friends and compatriots from various parts of our country, to have a pleasant stay here in Shanghai? Thank you all.最后，我预祝研讨会圆满成功！祝愿来自海外的专家学者和全国各地的朋友们在上海生活愉快！谢谢大家！

3、广泛领域—a wide area

开拓性—pioneering

多极化—multi-polar „„的发展趋势—a growing trend of

世界格局—world pattern/situation 衷心感谢—heartfelt thanks/gratitude

回顾未来—reviewing the past

展望未来—looking ahead

相互尊重—mutual respect

平等互利—equality and mutual benefit

求同存异—common ground/difference

贸易歧视与制裁—trade discrimination and sanction 光辉的远景—a splendid /bright future

Mr.Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: Today, we the leaders of 25 Asian and European countries meet here for the first time 今天，我们25个欧亚的国家领导人首次在此聚会。

On basis of equality and friendship, we are going to exchange comprehensive views on cooperation and building a new Asia-Europe partnership.我们要在平等友好的基础上，就广泛领域里的合作以及建立新的亚欧伙伴关系交换我们的意见。 This meeting is a pioneering endeavor with historic significance.

It reflects the widely-shared desire of Asian and European countries for world peace and development, and for inter-continental exchange and cooperation.这是一次具有历史意义的开拓性的会议。它反映了亚欧国家希望获得世界和平与发展、希望各州之间进行交流与合作的共同愿望。 It signifies the growth of Asian and the profound changes in the entire international relations, and it marks a growing trend toward multi-polarity.它显示了亚洲的成长，表明了整个国际关系的巨大变化，标志着多极化的发展趋势。

I am convinced that this meeting will have a positive influence on the shaping of a new world pattern.And I wish to take this opportunity to expre my heartfelt thanks to the Royal Government of the Kingdom of Thailand for hosting this succeful meeting.我深信这次会议将对形成一个新的世界格局产生积极的影响。我愿借此机会向成功主办了这次会议的泰王国政府表示中心的感谢。

To build a new Asian-Europe partnership calls for new concepts and new methodology.建立一个新的亚欧伙伴关系要求我们有新的观念和新的方法。

Reviewing the past and looking ahead into the future, I believe that a new partnership between Asian and Europe should be built on the basis of respect, equality and mutual benefit.回顾

过去，展望未来，我认为一个新的亚欧伙伴关系必须建筑在相互尊重和平等互利的基础上。

We should seek common grounds while putting aside our differences, promote mutual understanding and trust, eliminate trade discrimination, oppose imposition of trade sanctions, and strengthen technical exchange and co operations.我们应该求同存异，增进相互理解和信任，消除贸易歧视，反对贸易制裁，加强技术交流与合作。

Asia and Europe should increase and broaden political dialogues in the interest of improving mutual understanding and trust.为了增进相互理解和信任，亚洲和欧洲应该扩大和增加政治对话。

We on our part would like to see progre in EU integration, and to see that EU remains independent and open.就我们而言，我们愿意看到欧盟在一体化进程中前进，愿意看到欧盟保持独立和开放。

On the other hand, we hope that Europe will understand the aspirations of Asian countries to promote economic development and expand regional co operations while maintaining political stability.And that Europe will support their efforts in this regard.另一方面，我们希望欧盟理解亚洲国家在保持政治稳定的同时，促进经济发展、扩大区域合作的意愿，

支持亚洲国家为此所作的努力。

We are ready to step up our cooperation with Asian and European countries.We have carried out major reforms in foreign trade and formulated a set of related laws.We have reduced our tariffs to the average level of developing countries.我们准备增进与亚洲和欧洲国家的合作。我们已对外贸进行了重大改革，制订了一套相关的法律。我们已将关税降低到发展中国家的平均水平。

I am convinced that China’s reform and opening-up and its stability provides Asian and European countries’ busine communities with tremendous opportunities for investment and trade.我相信中国的改革开放和稳定会给亚欧国家的商业界带来可观的投资和贸易的良机，

And this in turn will be making positive contributions to peace, stability and prosperity in Asia and the world as a whole.从而为亚洲乃至全世界的和平、稳定与繁荣作出积极的贡献。 Let us work together toward a succeful conclusion to this meeting.让我们为本届会议的圆满结束而共同努力。 Let us join hands in building an Asian-European partnership to face the coming new century, and shape a more splendid future for our two continents and the world at large.让我们为建立一个面向新世纪的亚欧伙伴关系，为我们两大洲以及整个世界

描绘光辉的远景而携起手来。

4、share—股份

raise money—筹集资金

composite index—综合指数

A stock is an ownership share in a busine.Companies sell stock as a way to raise money without borrowing.People buy stock as an investment.They hope to make a profit on an increase in the stock’s price.股票是指一家公司的股份。公司出售股票作为无需借钱而能筹集资金的一种方式。人们购买股票则作为一种投资，他们希望通过股价的上涨而获利。 The stock market in the United States began in New York City in 1792.The New York Stock Exchange is the oldest financial market in the United States.And, it is the largest stock market in the world.美国证券市场于1792年在纽约市成立。纽约证券交易所是美国最古老的金融市场。同时，它是世界上最大的证券市场。

The stocks of more than 3,000 American and international companies are traded on the New York Stock Exchange.Together the stock represents about 80% of the value of all publicly owned companies in America.有3,000多家美国公司和国际性公司的股票在纽约证券交易所交易。股票价值的总和约占美国的上市公司股值的80%。

Stock brokers and dealers have been an important part of the

traditional stock trading system.These financial experts are paid for their knowledge of financial markets and busine.证券经纪和交易商是传统的证券交易系统的一个重要部分。这些金融专家凭借其对金融市场及商务的知识而获取报酬。 But, the Internet has made it easy for the general public to get information about companies and stocks.Many people now choose to control how their money is invested.但是，互联网能使大众很容易获得关于公司和证券方面的信息。现在很多人选择自己支配如何用钱进行投资。

About 50 years ago, only 5%of Americans owned stock.They were usually very rich people trading shares with each other.Last year, almost 50% of all Americans had stock holdings.And, 16% of all stock trades took place over the Internet.大约50年前，只有5%的美国人拥有股票，他们通常是很富有的人，相互进行股票交易。去年，几乎50%的美国人持有股票，而且，16%的股票交易在互联网上进行。

The expreion used to describe such a period when the prices of most stocks are increasing is a ―bull market‖.A ―bear market‖ is when most stock prices are falling as investors sell stocks.术语称大多数股票价格上涨视其为“牛市”，而“熊市”则是大多数股票价格下跌，投资者抛售股票的时期。

Usually, investors in the United States have bought stocks they

expected to keep for many years.Over the long term, the stock market has always increased.Investors have earned the most profit of any form of investment.通常，在美国的投资者购买股票，一般会预期将股票持有多年。从长远来看，证券行情总是上升的，投资者的获利比从任何形式投资的收益都要多。 Short-term prices decreases only people who sell stocks at prices lower than they paid for them.That is why during bull markets, experts tell investors to keep their stocks rather that to sell.短期的价格下跌只影响到以低价买入价出售股票的人。那就是为什么在“牛市”时，专家劝告投资者继续持有股票而不要售出。

Recently, however, short-term trading has become more popular, especially one kind called day trading.Day traders seek to earn money from the daily changes in the price of a stock.然而，最近短期交易流行起来，特别是一种称为日交易的形式。即日交易人士力图从股票价格的每日起落中赚钱。

Day trading is an extremely risky form of investing.It is poible to gain a large amount of money very quickly by day trading.Most day traders, however, lose money.即日交易是一种风险极大的投资形式。通过即日交易有可能很快赚到大笔钱，但是大部分的即日交易是赔钱的。

The performance of the stock market is measured by stock

indexes.The Dow Jones Industrial Average follows the share prices of 30 leading industrial companies in the United States.The NASDAQ Composite Index is also a major stock index.证券市场的行情以证券指数衡量。道琼斯工业平均指数随着美国30家主要的产业公司的股价而升降。纳斯达克综合指数也是一个主要的证券指数。

People usually have invested in companies that have strong earnings and a large share in their busine market.But over the last few years, stocks of companies that promise future growth have had the greatest demand.人们通常投资于盈利能力较强并在商业市场上占有大份额的公司。但近几年来，对着那些发展前景好的公司，人们对他们的股票需求量最大。 The stock prices of new Internet and technology companies are rising much faster than other stocks.This is true even though most of the companies have not made any profit.新的网络和科技公司的股票价格比其他股票上涨快得多。这是事实，尽管这类公司中大部分仍没见盈利。

In a few years, investors should be able to trade stocks twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week.And, in the future, financial markets around the world are expected to be linked.再过几年，投资者将能一周七天，一天二十四小时进行股票交易，而且，将来全世界的金融市场预期将要连起来。

5、By the end of July 2001, China has cumulatively approved 378,000 foreign funded enterprises with a contractual value of USD 717.01 billion, of which USD 372.83 billion has been actually paid in.截至2001年7月底，中国累计批准设立的外商投资企业37.8万家，合同外资金额7，170.1亿美元，实际使用外资金额3,728.3亿美元。

China has been maintaining a strong momentum in attracting FDI since early this year.From January through July, 14,000 foreign-invested enterprises have been approved and established, a figure 18.2% higher than the corresponding period of last year.今年以来，外商来华直接投资继续保持良好势头。1-7月，共批准设立外商投资企业1.4万家，比去年同期增长18.2%； The contractual value of foreign investment grew by 45.8% to USD 40.29 billion and the actually utilized value climbed by 21.7% to USD 24.21 billion.合同外资金额402.9亿美元，增长45.8%，实际使用外资金额242.1亿美元，增长21.7%。 While FDI absorption in the eastern areas keeps growing at a rapid rate, the western regions have also made evident headway in its FDI attraction.Up to the end of June 2001, the number of projects in the west, their contractual FDI value and the actual FDI utilization value accounted for 7.3%, 6% and 5.3% of the national total respectively.在中国东部地区吸收外资迅速增长

的同时，西部地区吸收外资也取得了明显进展。截至2001年6月底，西部地区吸收外商直接投资的项目数、合同外资金额和实际使用外资金额，在全国总量中所占比重分别为7.3%，6%和5.3%。

In the first 6 months of this year, 742 new foreign invested enterprises have been set up in the western regions with a contractual value amounting to USD 1.91 billion and actually utilized value, USD 710 million.今年1-6月，西部地区新设立外商投资企业742家，合同外资19.1亿美元，实际使用外资7.1亿美元。

6、With its two giants, China and India, Asia is the home of the majority of the world’s 6 billion human inhabitants, and Africa the second most popular continent.由于中国和印度这两个人口大国，亚洲是全世界60亿人口中大多数人居住的地方，而非洲则是世界第二多人口的大洲。

The UN population fund said in its 1998 report on population growth, Asia counts 3.5bilion people – Its most populous countries are China, with 1.2 billion plus another 6.3million in Hong Kong.联合国人口基金组织在1998年的人口增长报告中说，亚洲有35亿人口。人口最多的是中国，有12亿，还加上香港的630万。

And India with 975.8 million, followed far behind by Indonesia

with 125.9 million and Bangladesh with 124million.印度有9亿7千580万人口。其次是印度尼西亚，有1亿2千590万。再其次是孟加拉国，有1亿2千400万人口。

India，which has continued to hold the record for a higher birth rate than China, is expected to grow in the year 2025 to 1.3 billion residents.印度人口增长率持续超过中国。预计到2025年，印度的人口将达到13亿。

The projected population for all of Asia in the year 2025 is 4.7 billion.到2025年，全亚洲的人口将达到47亿。

In Africa, the UN Population Fund reportedly counted 778.5 million residents, with 1.4billion anticipated in 2025.根据联合国人口基金组织的报告，非洲计有7亿7千850万居民。预计到2025年，非洲的人口将达到14亿。

Nigeria is Africa’s most populous country with 121.8million residents.Egypt is next with 65.7 million, followed by Ethiopia with 62.1 million, the Democratic Republic of Congo with 49.2 million, and South Africa with 44.3 million.尼日利亚是非洲人口最多的国家，有1亿2千180万居民，其后依次是：埃及6千570万；埃塞俄比亚，6千210万；刚果民主共和国，4千920万；南非，4千430万。

Nigeria, the DRC and Ethiopia are expected to double their population in one generation by the year 2025.预计到2025年，

也就是一代人以后，尼日利亚，刚果和埃塞俄比亚的人口都将翻一番。

The European continent counts 729.4million residents, with Ruia still the most populous country at 147.2 million, though its population growth is declining, Germany is next with 82.4million.欧洲大陆有7亿2千940万人口，俄罗斯目前仍是其中人数最多的国家，有1亿4千720万，但人口增长率正在下降。其次是德国，人口8千240万。

Europe, according to the UN report is the sole continent whose population is expected to decline, dropping to 701.1million residents in the year 2025.根据联合国的报道，欧洲是唯一人口负增长的大洲。到2025年，欧洲人口将下降至7亿110万。

North America, with the United States and its 273.8million residents counts 304.1million people ,though the number is expected to rise to 369 million in 2025.北美共有人口3亿410万，其中美占2亿7千380万。预计到2025年，北美人口将达到3亿6千900万。

第16篇：口译

中级口译考试，官方（上海外语教育出版社）出了5本教程。 但你只要买听力教程、翻译教程和口译教程 3本。 书中有至少40%的内容考点是考试的重点出题来源。

这个考试分笔试和口试两个阶段。过了笔试的同学才能参加口试考试。 在参加第一阶段考试的时候，可以暂时丢开口译书。全力以赴攻克笔试。

关于单词：

以4-6级为基础，一定要会拼会写会意。（听力以及翻译要写字，听字，所以拼写很重要。）

P.S 你专四专八的词汇有的话，阅读部分 会更容易一些的

以 Time 1000 （网上有WORD版）为辅助， （阅读部分的材料来源于美国的时代杂志。政论类、新闻类文章是常考文体）这好像和6级的要求不太一样，所以单词量要求多多益善。（PS.阅读教程和考试无关。）

新东方有个紫皮词汇书，对翻译部分也有一定贡献。把翻译教程看熟就知道考试时怎么处理了。

听力书很重要，因为听力是难点，有第一部分挖二十个空的，多练就会快，一定要练到一定量。听力里还有一个难点就是听译了，这部分只能尽量拿分，但分值不高，所以不用太担心，不过也要多练，会有进步的。

在考前几个月，做一下 历年真题。 就差不多了。（新东方的是梅红色的封面）

如果你要单词资料，可以把邮箱留给我。我发给你。

我还没有考场经验，以下是搜到的Hier 的考场听力技巧：

听力三个部分（1dictation， 2answer the questions， 3translation） 考前有2分钟浏览信息。抓紧宝贵时间。

第一部分语速差不多130words/min。结束后会空出2分钟。建议LZ拿前1分钟誊写答案到答题纸上。后1分钟快速纵向浏览第二部分的选择题选项。

第二部分共30题。前10个听句子回答是每题听完简单对话后有12秒时间给你选择正确答案。后20个为段落听后选择。共5段，每段4问（2000年前是4段5问）。每段念完问后问的4个问题之间间隔5秒左右供选题。

第三部分句子听译之间间隔30秒供翻译成中文在答题纸上（不要翻在试卷上，考试结束后没有时间给你特别誊写）。段落听译间隔1分钟。

给楼主几点建议： 1．dictation部分里不要企图每个单词都边听边写全。有些可以用自己了解的速记记下代替，且只记实词不记虚词（The, a ,an 等）。20个空每空1.5分。关键词占三分之二分数。基本上一个空要填3个词的话关键词占1分。

2.choices部分听段落时记得记下笔迹。比如真题里有道题看到选项里有rainy, cloudy, sunny等一定要在听段落时把各个地方的天气情况都记全，因为无法得知问题里会问哪个城市的情况。

3．translation句子是3分每句，5句共15分。每句理解和表达各占一半分数。即中文意思若是对了但表达不符合汉语习惯也是要扣1或1.5分的。段落听译第一段较简单是7分，第二段8分。和句子的计分方法一样。且有些细节可省略。改分不是很紧。建议每段前部分脑记后部分笔记。第二部分实在记不下来也要把数字记下。数字占得分很多哦。

考试时三个部分语速都和教程里的一样。停顿时间如上述。 笔试好好准备，通过并不难。第二阶段的口译要更下功夫才行。

总结：单词基础+三本教程（好好练习）+真题＝必过笔试阶段

要考2必须要有很好的英语基础，从你的分数看，你是属于基础不扎实的一类，但有点英语语感和天赋，很多人是这样的。所以你要做的就是扎实基础

计划：1，买一本专八词汇，星火的不错，考2必须要有8000+词汇才行，把它花三个月啃下来。你就基本没什么障碍了。

2、每天练习英语听写，BBC VOA 都行，不少于听一个小时，记住，是听写，一句一句的写下来，不要看文本，最后才对照文本

3、买上海中高口的口译书，那个不错，我用过的，还有当然2的教材也要买，然后把这几本书反复听反复背。一定要熟练！

4、做专八的阅读理解，每天看看外刊，如英语沙龙，经济学家，21世纪英语报，chinadairy

5、把新概念3和新概念4的前30篇文章背下来。

6、临考就做模拟题和真题，总结错误，找应试感觉

学英语不下苦功夫是不行的，要想学好英语必须一步一个脚印，坚持到底才行。

不要相信所谓的“保过”，他们能保的顶多是你的笔试能够通过而已。如果你的水平在四到六级之间，自己多做一点题练习一下，笔试通过是没有问题的。口试没有人能保证你通过，因为这是你自己在考试，要有一定的反应速度、速记能力以及心理抗压能力。如果水平不错，比较自信的话可以直接报高口。 我建议你还是不要去报班了，如果你自己想考的话认真备考一下。

1、笔试：

（1）需要的教材：《上海市英语中级口译/高级口译 第三版》听力，根据你自己报的具体考试选择是买中口还是高口。其它几本教材个人觉得没有必要买，如果要做真题，从网上下，尤其是翻译，但是听这本书你要好好用。

（2）备考：你可以先看一下考试的试卷模式，就知道自己需要把侧重点放在哪了，每个人不一样的。如果你水平在六级左右，阅读就不需要准备什么了，听力和翻译是一定要练习的。听力上面已经说了怎么做了，翻译需要你好好准备一下词汇，你看过例卷就应该知道那些词都不常用。

考前一个月吧，开始做真题，算定时间做，找点感觉，不需要每天做，但最好每天练习一下听力、熟悉一下题目。

2、口试：

（1）需要的教材：《上海市英语中级口译/高级口译 第三版》口译，根据你自己报的具体考试选择是买中口还是高口。教材最好要配有MP3,如果没有，问认识的朋友要也行。这本书一方面是介绍了很多关于口译考试的题型，考法以及一些你应该了解的知识，所以要用好。另外，还有可能会出现原文，我考的时候就遇到过。

（2）上面说过，口译不仅要考你的翻译能力， 还考了你的反应速度、速记能力以及心理抗压能力。如果说有什么特殊要求的话就是要在听完以后大脑迅速整理，然后输出，没有时间去斟酌。不要漏掉其中的信息，也最好不要自己往里加东西。如果你时间够可以稍微练习一下速记，创造一些自己能看懂的速记符号，对你以后也会有用的，当然不是说让你去学速记啊。心理抗压能力就是说你要相信自己，不要怕，好好译，镇定一点，通顺不掉东西，应该就能过了。

至于词汇，如果有时间最好还是背一下，如果时间不够，就把上面提到的第二本教材里面的词汇吃透，工程量已经很大了。

我当时没有背过词汇，就是这本书，准备了一个月，过了。祝你也过。

问: 什么是全国外语翻译证书考试

答: 全国外语翻译证书考试是教育部考试中心与北京外国语大学合作举办，在全国实施的面向全体公民的非学历证书考试。全称叫National Accreditation Examinations for Translators and Interpreters (NAETI),主要测试应试者笔译和口译能力。目前只有英语一个语种，将来要扩展到其他语种。

该考试分为笔译和口译两大类，各含三个级别。考试合格者可分别获得初级笔译证书、中级笔译证书、高级笔译证书；初级口译证书、中级口译证书、高级口译证书。

●初级笔译证书：本证书证明持有人能够就一般难度的材料进行英汉互译，能够胜任一般性文件或商务等方面材料的翻译工作。

●中级笔译证书：本证书证明持有人能够就普通英汉原文材料进行互译，能够胜任一般性国际会议文件、科技或经贸等材料的专业翻译工作。

●高级笔译证书：本证书证明持有人能够担任大型国际会议文件及各种专业性文件的翻译、译审及定稿工作，能够承担政府部门高级笔译工作。

●初级口译证书：本证书证明持有人能够承担一般性会谈或外宾日常生活的口译工作。

●中级口译证书：本证书证明持有人能够承担一般性正式会议、技术或商务谈判，以及外事活动的专业口译工作。

●高级口译证书：本证书证明持有人能够担任国际会议的口译或同声传译工作，能够承担政府部门高级口译工作

问: 全国外语翻译证书考试从何而来?

答: 全国外语翻译证书考试的前身是北京外国语大学面向社会实施的一种英语翻译资格认证考试，原名为英语翻译资格证书考试，包括口译和笔译两种形式的认证。在此之前全国尚没有一个统一的、面向社会的翻译资格认定考试，对有关人员的翻译能力做出评估。该考试于2001年11月在北京地区首次举行，2002年在全国部分地区实施。该考试一经推出就得到了社会各界的关注和欢迎。

随着对外交往、国际合作的日益增多，对具有一定水平的专职翻译人员的需求、培养和认证也突显其重要性。为了适应社会对翻译人员的需求，同时使该项考试更加完善、更为规范，教育部考试中心和北京外国语大学经过协商，合作举办该项考试，并将该项考试更名为全国外语翻译证书考试。

教育部考试中心与北京外国语大学的合作充分体现了强强联手、优势互补的结合。依托北京外国语大学在外语翻译专家和教学方面的资源，发挥教育部考试中心在教育测量和考试实施方面的优势，使全国外语翻译证书考试愈加完善，广为推广，便利考生，更好地为社会服务。

问： 通过这个考试有什么好处？

答： 首先，目前国内没有一个统一的翻译资格认定考试机构，从事翻译的人员无法对自己的翻译能力作出评估。其次，我国加入WTO后，与世界的交往会更加紧密，社会对外语人才，尤其是具有一定水平的翻译人才的需求会更多、更迫切。目前，国内从事翻译工作的人数众多，良莠不齐，翻译资格认定工作迫在眉睫。北外是我国创办最早的外国语大学，多年来为我国政府机关等单位培养了一大批高级译员，新中国几代领导人的翻译均出自北外。北外的毕业生以其优秀的外语口笔头表达能力，一直受到用人单位的青睐和英语国家教育界的高度评价。因此，考取北外英语翻译资格证书不仅是自身语言运用能力的最佳证明，更是求职就业的理想途径。

问：考试由谁命题？

答：“全国外语翻译证书考试”是由该考试委员会组织专家命题，命题专家由北外和其它院校的著名学者，国际口译协会成员组成。

问: 全国外语翻译证书考试证书的颁发、适用范围是如何规定的？

答: 本考试的证书由教育部考试中心和北京外国语大学联合颁发。本证书可供各机构录用或考核工作人员时参考。

??? 全国外语翻译证书不仅是对考生自身语言运用能力的权威认定，更提高了证书持有者求职就业的竞争力。

问：该证书的有效期为多长？

答：本考试证书，终身有效。

问： 口译大概要考多长时间？

答： 各级别的口译均大约30分钟。通过高级口译录音考试者还要参加面试，面试时要考同声传译。

问：什么样的人才有资格参加这个考试？

答： 1．本考试专门对广大从业人员和在校大学生的英语实际翻译能力进行科学考核并提供权威认证。对报考资格无年龄、职业、以及受教育程度的限制，任何人都可以根据自己的实际水平选择参加口译或笔译的一个证书考试。

2．由于口译和笔译考试都是相对独立的，所以可以同时报考某个级别的口译和笔译。

问： 是不是要先通过笔译考试，然后才能参加口译考试？

答： 本考试分笔译和口译两种，二者各分初、中、高三个等级，共六种翻译证书考试。口译能力强者可以直接报名参加口译考试。

问： 我的笔译能力很强，但口译做得不太多，可能报考高级笔译和初级口译吗？

答： 可以。

问： 我是非英语专业大学本科毕业生，通过了大学英语六级考试，我应该报考哪个级别呢？

答： 本考试各个级别的难度大致为：初级，北外英语专业本科二年级或二年级以上水平；

中级，北外英语专业本科毕业或研究生水平；高级，北外高级翻译学院毕业生或以上水平。您已经通过了大学英语六级考试，建议您先考初级。

问： 我是英语专业大专毕业生，在一家合资企业当翻译两年多了，平时主要是翻译产品说明书和商务合同，外商来时也负责接待工作。我应该报考口译和笔译的哪个级别呢？

答： 鉴于您有一定的英语基础，并在翻译方面有一些实践经验，平时工作以笔译为主，建议您从初级考起。

问： 笔译怎么考？

答： 本考试重点考核考生实际从事翻译工作的能力，因此考试的题型和内容近似于实际工作中所碰到的情况。笔译考试分为两部分，英译汉和汉译英各2-3篇文章。初、中、高级考试的时间分别为

3、

4、6个小时，各级别考试所译文章长度不一，级别越高所译文章越长，难度也越高。

问： 口译怎么考？

答： 口译采取听录音做翻译的方式。考生在语音室内头戴耳机，听到一段英文或中文讲话后把它们分别译成中文或英文并录到磁带上。讲话的长度从初级的250词/字到高级的600-800词/字不等，讲话当中一些停顿，停顿的时间不等。对于初级而言，讲几秒钟甚至几十秒钟后停下来让考生进行翻译，留给考生翻译的时间约为播放录音时间的1-1.5倍。对于中级而言，讲1分至1分半钟后停顿下来让考生进行翻译，留给考生翻译的时间约为播放录音时间的1-1.5倍。对于高级考生而言，讲3至5分钟后停顿下来让考生进行翻译，留给考生翻译的时间等于播放录音的时间。口译时，考生需要做笔记或速记，并充分利用停顿的时间进行翻译。

问： 口译面试由谁来考？

答： 由考试委员会聘请的专家进行面试。

问:? 怎样才能得到全国外语翻译证书考试的证书？

答: 全国外语翻译证书考试的各个证书考试是各自独立的。通过任何一个证书考试都可获得相应的证书。口译和笔译均采用A、B、C、D四级记分法，口译各部分都在B（含B）以上为合格，除高级口译外，通过录音考试就可获得证书，通过高级口译录音考试的考生还要参加面试，面试合格才能获得证书。笔译试卷中各部分都在B（含B）以上为合格。考试合格就可获得证书。

问:? 如何得到全国外语翻译证书考试的考试大纲以及其他复习资料？

答: 教育部考试中心制订的全国外语翻译证书考试各项考试的考试大纲详细介绍了全国外语翻译证书考试的背景、级别标准描述、适应人群、考试形式、试卷结构及各项考试的样卷，并附有口译录音带样带。考试大纲是规范命题、考生应考和教师辅导的依据。同时为了帮助考生学习和准备考试，北京外国语大学负责组织编写、出版和发行与本考试有关的教材和辅导资料。

问：可以拿到考过的试题和样带吗？

答： 今年首次考试的试题将放到网上，考生可直接登陆到

http://www.daodoc.com查找。

问：有没有针对这个考试的辅导班？

答： 有。北京外国语大学专门成立了翻译资格证书考试培训中心，负责培训工作。需要培训的考生可报名参加。

问：这个考试的通过率有多高？

答：本考试不控制通过率。考生只要达到了既定要求，就可以拿到证书。

问：全国外语翻译证书考试每年举办几次，什么时候举行？

答: 全国外语翻译证书考试初级和中级每年开考两次。每年五月和十月各举行一次。高级口译和高级笔译仅在每年的五月举行。具体考试时间为五月和十月的第四个周末。

问：如何报名参加考试？

答： 全国外语翻译证书考试由教育部考试中心下设的各个考点负责报名和考试的组织实施。考生可以就近报名，考生凭本人的有效身份证件报考（注：有效身份证件指居民身份证、护照、军警人员证件、户口本等），报名时需按要求提供相关信息，1张1寸的近期正面免冠照片，并按规定交纳报考费用。

问： 考试怎么收费？

答： 初级笔译考试费400元，初级口译500元，中级笔译600元，中级口译700元，高级笔译和口译均为1200元。

问： 我是外地考生，可以在当地报名吗？

答： 除北京外，在全国各地还设有十几个考点，考生可以就近报名。设点情况，请参阅附录。

问： 什么时候可以知道成绩？

答： 考试结束大约10周后。

第17篇：口译

很高兴时隔5年再次来到达沃斯，出席世界经济论坛2015年年会。达沃斯小镇十分宁静祥和，但我们所处的世界却并不平静，国际社会需要应对新局势。我还听说，达沃斯曾经是治疗肺病的疗养地，因为盘尼西林的发明而转型。时至今日，达沃斯已经成为“头脑风暴”的智力中心，世界也需要新的“盘尼西林”来应对新挑战。 It gives me great pleasure to come to Davos again after five years to attend the World EconomicForum Annual Meeting 2015.Davos is a town of peace and serenity, yet the world outside is nottranquil.We need to work together to shape the world in a new global context.I was told thatDavos used to be a resort for recuperation from lung diseases, and the later discovery of Penicillinchanged that.Now it is a place for people to gather and pool their wisdom for \"brain-storm\".Personally, I find this more than relevant, because our world also needs new forms of \"Penicillin\" totackle new challenges that have emerged.

毋庸讳言，当今世界远非太平，地区热点、局部冲突以及恐怖袭击等此起彼伏，对人类社会构成现实威胁；全球经济又复苏乏力，主要经济体走势分化，大宗商品价格反复波动，通货紧缩迹象更雪上加霜。不少人对世界前景抱有悲观情绪，认为不仅和平与安宁出了问题，发展也难见曙光。

Admittedly, the world today is by no means trouble-free.Regional hotspots, local conflicts andterrorist attacks continue to flare up, posing immediate threats to humanity.Global economicrecovery lacks speed and momentum.Major economies are performing unevenly.Commodityprices are going through frequent fluctuations.And signs of deflation have made the situation evenworse.In fact, many people are quite peimistic about the future of the world.They believe thatthe guarantee of peace is weak, and the prospect of development is elusive.

有哲人说过，当问题出现的时候，不能用曾经制造问题的办法去解决它。老问题的解决，不能再从对抗、仇恨、封闭中谋答案；新问题的应对，更要在对话、协商、合作中找出路。我们要吸取历史经验，运用时代智慧，寻求各方利益的最大公约数。人类在艰难时刻，总是能激起突破困境的勇气，迸发出变革创新的力量。

A philosopher once observed that we cannot solve problems by using the same kind of thinking weused when we created them.Indeed, old problems can no longer be solved by clinging to theoutdated mindset of confrontation, hatred and isolation.Dialogue, consultation and cooperationmust be explored to find solutions to new problems.It is important that we draw leons fromhistory, and pool our collective wisdom to maximize the convergence of interests amongcountries.Fortunately, in time of hardship and trial, mankind have always been able to find thecourage to get out of the predicament and move ahead through change and innovation.

面对复杂的国际局势，我们主张要坚定维护和平稳定。今年是世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年。保持世界和平稳定，符合各国人民共同利益。二战后形成的国际秩序和普遍公认的国际关系准则，必须维护而不能打破，否则繁荣和发展也就无从谈起。国家间应摈弃冷战思维与零和游戏，“赢者通吃”是行不通的。任何地区热点和地缘冲突，都应坚持通过政治手段、以和平方式寻求解决。我们反对一切形式的恐怖主义。中国将继续走和平发展道路，维护地区稳定，无意与任何国家一争高下。世界各国都要像爱护自己的眼睛一样爱护和平，让文明理性正义之花开遍世界。

In a world facing complex international situation, we should all work together to uphold peace andstability.This year marks the 70th anniversary of the victory of the world\'s anti-Fascist war.Touphold peace and stability serves the interests of all people in the world.The world orderestablished after World War II as well as generally recognized norms governing internationalrelations must be maintained, not overturned.Otherwise, prosperity and development could bejeopardized.The Cold War and zero-sum mentalities must be abandoned.The \"winner takes all\"approach will not work.Regional hotspots and geopolitical conflicts must be resolved peacefullythrough political means.Terrorism, in all its manifestations, must be opposed.China remainscommitted to peaceful development and regional stability.And China has no intention to competewith other countries for supremacy.Peace in the world must be cherished the same as we cherishour eyes, so that the achievements and benefits of civilization, including reason and justice, willprevail.

面对多元的世界文明，我们主张要共同促进和谐相处。文化多样性与生物多样性一样，是我们这个星球最值得珍视的天然宝藏。人类社会是各种文明都能盛开的百花园，不同文化之间、不同宗教之间，都应相互尊重、和睦共处。同可相亲，异宜相敬。国际社会应以海纳百川的胸怀，求同存异、包容互鉴、合作共赢。

In a world of diverse civilizations, we should all seek to live in harmony.Cultural diversity, likebiodiversity, is a most precious treasure endowed to us on this planet.And human society is like agarden where all human civilizations bloom.Different cultures and religions need to respect andlive in harmony with each other.While maintaining the natural close ties among those with whomwe see eye to eye, we also need to respect those with whom we disagree.Like the vast oceanadmitting all rivers that run into it, members of the international community need to worktogether to expand common ground while accepting differences, and seek win-win progrethrough inclusive cooperation and mutual learning.

面对多变的经济形势，我们主张要大力推动开放创新。国际金融危机爆发7年来的实践证明，唯有同舟共济，才能渡过难关。在相互依存的世界里，各国有权根据自己的国情制定经济政策，但是也应加强同其他国家的宏观政策协调，扩大利益汇合点，实现共同发展。欧洲有谚语讲：“面对变革之风，有人砌围墙，有人转风车。”我们倡导顺势而为，坚定不移推进自由贸易，旗帜鲜明反对保护主义，积极扩大区域经济合作，打造全球价值链，迎接新科技革命的到来。宏观政策固然重要，但结构性改革势在必行，这是国际社会的共识。尽管难度很大，但也应该坚持去做，这样才能形成全球创新合力，增强世界发展的新动能。

In a world facing volatile economic situation, we should all work to promote opening-up andinnovation.What has happened since the outbreak of the international financial crisis seven yearsago proves that to work in unity is the surest way for countries to get over the difficulties.We areall interdependent in this world.While we each have the right to adopt economic policies in line withnational conditions, we need to strengthen macro-policy coordination to expand the convergenceof interests and achieve common development.An European proverb says, \"when the wind ofchange blows, some build walls, while others build windmills.\" We need to act along the trend of ourtime, firmly advance free trade, resolutely reject protectionism, and actively expand regionaleconomic cooperation.We need to build global value chains, and seize the opportunity of a newtechnological revolution.While the international community agree on the importance of macro-policies to the economy, they also recognize the urgency to go ahead with structural reform.Structural reform must be carried through no matter how difficult it is, as it is an effective way tofoster conditions conducive to global innovation and bring about new momentum for globaldevelopment.

女士们，先生们！

Ladies and Gentlemen,

我知道，与会者对中国经济前景很关注，或许有人担忧受到中国经济速度放缓的拖累，还有人担忧受到中国经济转型的冲击。因此，我想多介绍中国的情况。

I know you are all interested in the outlook of the Chinese economy.Some of you may evenworry about the poible potential impact of China\'s economic slowdown and transition.To easeyour concerns, let me spend more time today on what is really happening in China.

当前，中国经济发展进入新常态，经济由高速增长转为中高速增长，发展必须由中低端水平迈向中高端水平，为此要坚定不移推动结构性改革。

The Chinese economy has entered a state of new normal.The gear of growth is shifting from highspeed to medium-to-high speed, and development needs to move from low-to-medium level tomedium-to-high level.This has made it all the more neceary for us to pre ahead with structuralreform.

应当看到，中国经济增速有所放缓，既有世界经济深度调整的大背景，也是内在的经济规律。现在，中国经济规模已居世界第二，基数增大，即使是7%的增长，年度现价增量也达到8000多亿美元，比5年前增长10%的数量还要大。经济运行处在合理区间，不一味追求速度了，紧绷的供求关系变得舒缓，重荷的资源环境得以减负，可以腾出手来推进结构性改革，向形态更高级、分工更复杂、结构更合理的发展阶段演进。这样，中国经济的“列车”不仅不会掉挡失速，反而会跑得更稳健有力，带来新机遇，形成新动能。

It must be noted that the moderation of growth speed in China reflects both profoundadjustments in the world economy as well as the law of economics.The Chinese economy is nowthe second largest in the world.With a larger base figure, a growth even at 7% will produce anannual increase of more than 800 billion US dollars at current price, larger than a 10% growth fiveyears ago.With the economy performing within the reasonable range and the speed of growthno longer taken as the sole yardstick, the strained supply-demand relationship will be eased, thepreure on resources and the environment will be lowered, and more time and energy will bedevoted to push forward structural reform.That means, the economy will enter a more advancedstage of development, with more sophisticated division of labor and a more optimized structure.If Icould compare the Chinese economy to a running train.What I want you to know is that this trainwill not lose speed or momentum.It will only be powered by stronger dynamo and run withgreater steadine, bringing along new opportunities and new momentum of growth.

刚刚过去的2014年，我们就是按照这个思路做的。面对下行压力，我们没有采取强刺激，而是强力推进改革，尤其是政府带头改革，大力简政放权，激发市场和企业的活力。全年GDP增长7.4%，在世界主要经济体中是最高的；城镇新增就业1300多万人，在经济放缓情况下不减反增，登记失业率、调查失业率都是下降的；CPI上涨2%，低于年初预期目标。事实说明，我们出台的一系列宏观调控政策是正确的、有效的。更重要的是结构性改革迈出新步伐。

In 2014, we followed exactly the afore-mentioned approach.In the face of downward preure, wedid not resort to strong stimulus; instead, we vigorously pursued reforms, and the government infact led these reforms by streamlining administration and delegating power.This has motivatedboth the market and the busine sector.GDP grew by 7.4% for the whole year, the best amongmajor economies in the world.Over 13 million new jobs were created in cities, with both registeredand surveyed unemployment rates lower than the previous year.That is, we achieved growth inemployment despite the economic slowdown.CPI was kept at 2%, lower than the target set at thebeginning of the year.These outcomes prove that the host of macro-regulation measures Chinaadopted have been right and effective.More importantly, new progre has been made inadvancing structural reform.

不可否认，2015年，中国经济仍面临较大下行压力。在这种情况下如何选择？是追求短期更高增长，还是着眼长期中高速增长，提升发展质量？答案是后者。我们将继续保持战略定力，实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，不会搞“大水漫灌”，而是更加注重预调微调，更好实行定向调控，确保经济运行在合理区间，同时着力提升经济发展的质量和效益。

Needle to say, the Chinese economy will continue to face substantial downward preure in2015.What shall we choose to do under such circumstances? Shall we go for even higher growthfor the short term, or for medium-to-high growth and a higher quality of development over thelong run? The answer is definitely the latter.We will maintain our strategic focus and continue topursue a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy.We will avoid adoptingindiscriminate policies.Instead, we will put more emphasis on anticipatory adjustment and fine-tuning, do an even better job with targeted macro-regulation to keep the economy operatingwithin the reasonable range, and raise the quality and performance of the economy.

我们正在采取有效措施防范债务、金融等潜在风险。中国储蓄率高达50%，能够为经济增长提供充裕资金。地方性债务70%以上用于基础设施建设，是有资产保障的。金融体制改革也正在推进。我在这里要向大家传递的信息是，中国不会发生区域性、系统性金融风险，中国经济不会出现“硬着陆”。

We are taking effective measures to fend off debt, financial and other potential risks.China\'s highsavings rate, which now stands at 50%, generates sufficient funds for sustaining economic growth.Besides, China\'s local debt, over 70% of which was incurred for infrastructure development, isbacked by aets.And reform of the financial system is making progre.What I want toemphasize is that regional or systemic financial crisis will not happen in China, and the Chineseeconomy will not head for a hard landing.

要看到，中国还是一个发展中国家，实现现代化还有很长的路要走。和平是中国发展的基础条件，改革开放和人民对幸福美好生活的追求是发展的最大动力。中国城乡和区域发展空间广阔，国内需求潜力巨大。以中高速再发展

一、二十年，中国的面貌就会持续改善，也会给世界带来更多发展机遇。

It must be pointed out that China is still a developing country and still has a long way to go beforeachieving modernization.While peace is the basic condition for China\'s development, reform andopening-up along with our people\'s desire for a happy life constitute the strongest impetuspropelling development.The space of development in China\'s rural and urban areas and variousregions is enormous, and the country\'s domestic demand will simply generate great potential ofgrowth.Development at medium-to-high speed for another ten to twenty years will bring evenbigger changes to China and create more development opportunities for the world.

中国经济要顶住下行压力，实现“双中高”，就需要对传统思维“说不”，为创新体制“叫好”，下决心推进结构性改革。要创新宏观调控，增添微观活力，调整城乡、区域和产业结构，促进比较充分的就业特别是年轻人的就业，改善收入分配和民生福祉。这需要付出艰辛努力，但是我们将不畏困难。只有沿着促改革、调结构的路子坚定走下去，才能使中国经济长期保持中高速增长，发展迈向中高端水平。

For the Chinese economy to withstand downward preure, and to maintain medium-to-highspeed of growth and achieve medium-to-high level of development, we need to say \"no\" totraditional mindset.We must encourage innovative institutions, and pre ahead with structuralreform.We need to adopt more innovative macro-regulation policies and develop a more vigorousmicro economy.We need to promote more balanced development of industries, between ruraland urban areas and among regions.We need to ensure relatively high employment rate,especially sufficient employment for the young people.And we need to optimize incomedistribution and raise the people\'s welfare.All this certainly calls for tremendous efforts.Yet we willstay undaunted in the face of difficulties.We will unswervingly pre ahead with reform andrestructuring to ensure that our economy maintains medium-to-high speed of growth andachieves medium-to-high level of development.

中国经济要行稳致远，必须全面深化改革。用好政府和市场这“两只手”，形成“双引擎”。一方面要使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用，培育打造新引擎；另一方面要更好发挥政府作用，改造升级传统引擎。

To ensure long-term and steady growth of the Chinese economy, we need to comprehensivelydeepen reforms.We need to properly use both the hand of the government and the hand of themarket, and rely on both the traditional and new engines of growth.We will let the market play adecisive role in resource allocation to foster a new engine of growth.At the same time, we will givebetter scope to the role of the government to transform and upgrade the traditional engine ofgrowth.

我们说要打造新引擎，就是推动大众创业、万众创新。中国有13亿人口、9亿劳动力、7000万企业和个体工商户，人民勤劳而智慧。如果把全社会每一个细胞都激活，就会使整个经济肌体充满生机，进而汇聚成巨大的推动力量。大众创业、万众创新蕴藏着无穷创意和无限财富，是取之不竭的“金矿”。

To foster a new engine of growth, we will encourage ma entrepreneurship and innovation.China has 1.3 billion people, a 900-million workforce, and over 70 million enterprises and self-employed businees.Our people are hard-working and talented.If we could activate every cell insociety, the economy of China as a whole will brim with more vigor and gather stronger power forgrowth.Ma entrepreneurship and innovation, in our eyes, is a \"gold mine\" that providesconstant source of creativity and wealth.这使我想起30多年前的中国农村改革，放开搞活，让农民自主决定生产经营，调动了广大农民的积极性，结果只用了短短几年时间，就解决了长期没有解决的吃饭问题。制度创新激发了亿万人的创造力，也改变了亿万人的命运。两个月前，我去了中国东部的一个村庄，那里有700多户人家，却开设了2800多家注册网店，每天向世界各地售出超过3000万件各类商品。这就是勤劳肯干大众创业的生动写照。

Speaking of this, I think of China\'s rural reform conducted more than 30 years ago.The reform brought farmers\' initiatives into full play and allowed them to decide for themselves matters related to rural production and management.Consequently, the problem of hunger that previously haunted China was solved in just a couple of years.In short, a structural innovation that unleashed the creativity of the people changed the lot of hundreds of millions in China.I also think of a small village I visited two months ago in eastern China.In the village were some 700 households and over 2,800 registered online stores.Each day, more than 30 million items of various sorts were sold to different parts of the world.The story of the village speaks vividly of the hard-working Chinese people actively engaged in entrepreneurship.

今天的中国，需要开发活力的新源泉。活力来自多样性，多样性的碰撞产生智慧的火花，点燃创新发展的火炬。大众创业、万众创新不仅能释放民智民力，扩大内需和居民消费，增加社会财富，增进大众福祉。更重要的是，让所有人都有平等机会和舞台实现人生价值，推进社会纵向流动，实现社会公平正义。

Going forward, China needs new sources of dynamism to carry development forward.Dynamism comes from diversity, which sparks wisdom and fosters innovation.Ma entrepreneurship and innovation serves to unleash people\'s ingenuity and power.It will result in greater demand and residents\' consumption, greater social wealth, and greater welfare for the people.More importantly, it will bring opportunity for many and give people the stage to reach life\'s full potential.It will also bring about greater social mobility, equity and justice.

管制束缚创新，竞争促进繁荣。我们将进一步深化行政体制改革，继续取消和下放行政审批事项，全面清理非行政许可，推行市场准入负面清单制度，为市场主体松绑减负。这也有利于压缩寻租和腐败的空间。我们将依法保护知识产权，尽力营造鼓励进取、宽容失败的环境，同时保护各类合法产权。

Exceive regulation discourages innovation, and healthy competition is the way to prosperity.We will deepen reform of the administrative system.This means we will continue to abolish or delegate to lower-level governments items previously subject to State Council review and approval.We will comprehensively sort out items requiring non-governmental review and approval, and put in place a negative-list approach for market acce.This will incentivize market players, and help reduce the poibility of rent-seeking and corruption.We will protect intellectual property rights in accordance with the law, and do our best to foster an environment that encourages entrepreneurship and tolerates failure.Moreover, we will give protection to all sorts of legal property rights.

我们说要改造传统引擎，重点是扩大公共产品和公共服务供给。中国经济发展虽然取得很大成就，但公共产品与服务不足仍是“短板”。目前，中国人均公共设施资本存量仅为西欧国家的38%、北美国家的23%；服务业水平比同等发展中国家低10个百分点；城镇化率比发达国家低20多个百分点。这当中蕴藏着公共产品与服务的巨大空间。增加这方面供给，属于政府分内的职责，是改善民生的必要举措，也是扩大内需的重要推手。 To transform the traditional engine of growth, we will focus on increasing the supply of public goods and services.China has made remarkable economic achievements, but inadequate supply of public goods and services remains a weak link in development.China\'s capital stock on public infrastructure, in per capita terms, is only 38% that of Western Europe and 23% that of North America.The development of its service sector is 10 percentage points lower than other developing countries at similar development stages.And its rate of urbanization is more than 20 percentage points lower than developed countries.This means a maive space for increasing public goods and services.To deliver such public goods and services to improve people\'s lives is the government\'s responsibility.They are also important ways to boost domestic demand.

今年，我们确定了包括中西部铁路、水利工程、各类棚户区和城乡危房改造、污染防治等重点投资领域。政府在加大财政投入的同时，不再唱“独角戏”，而是通过深化投融资改革，打破垄断，吸引社会资金和外资参与，采取政府和民营合作（PPP）、中外合作以及政府购买服务等方式，放大投资效应。如近年中国西部省区建设一家污水处理厂，需要资金3.35亿元人民币，成功吸引德国一家水务公司参与投资，德方股比占到70%。

This year, we have identified some key areas for investment, including building railways in central and western provinces, constructing water conservancy projects, rebuilding rundown urban areas and old houses in cities and villages, and preventing and controlling pollutions.The government will increase investment in these areas, and it will not act alone.Efforts will be made to break monopoly and reform the investment and financing systems to encourage the participation of private and foreign capitals.The model of public-private partnership (PPP), Sino-foreign cooperatives and government purchase of services will be adopted to better leverage various investment sources.I have an example here to cite.A few years ago, the plan was made to build a sewage treatment plant in a province in western China, and a total of 335 million RMB yuan was needed.The project later attracted investment from a German water company, with the German side controlling 70 percent of the total shares.

我们将推进财税改革，给企业尤其是服务型企业减税降费，推出扶持中小企业的新举措。深化金融改革，继续推进利率、汇率市场化，加快发展中小金融机构特别是民营银行，发展多层次资本市场。推动价格改革，大幅缩减政府定价种类和项目，最大限度放开价格管制。同时，注重发挥政府在“软环境”建设中的作用，扮演好市场监管的角色，打造国际化、市场化、法治化的营商环境，为所有市场主体提供优质高效的公共服务。

Moving forward, we will deepen fiscal and taxation reform, reduce the tax and fees charged to businees, particularly those in the service sector, and take new steps to support SMEs.We will deepen reform of the financial system, continue to promote liberalization of interest and exchange rates, and accelerate the development of small- and medium-sized financial institutions, private banks in particular, with a view to developing a multi-tiered capital market.We will speed up reform of the pricing system, substantially reduce the types and items for which the government sets the prices, and liberate price regulation to the maximum extent poible.More emphasis will be given to the government\'s role in creating a favorable \"soft environment\".That means better market regulation, a world-cla busine environment established on market principles and the rule of law.In this way, we will be able to provide efficient and quality public services to all market players.

女士们，先生们！ Ladies and Gentlemen,

中国改革与发展将给世界带来更多商机。我们将进一步放宽外资准入，探索准入前国民待遇加负面清单管理模式，对中外企业一视同仁，重点有序扩大金融、教育、文化、医疗、养老等服务业对外开放，推广上海自贸区经验，让各国投资者能挖掘出源源不断的“富矿”。

China\'s reform and development will bring more busine opportunities to the world.We will provide easier market acce for inbound foreign investment, and explore the poibility of management based on a pre-establishment national treatment and negative-list approach.Chinese and foreign companies will be treated as equals.We will further open the financial, education, cultural, medical care, pension and other service sectors in an orderly way, and bring the experience of the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone to other parts of China.Our aim is to help investors from acro countries find \"rich mines\" and reap steady returns from their investment.

我们还将创新对外投资合作方式，中国高铁、核电、航空、电信等优势行业“走出去”，对接当地市场需求，也是在国际市场竞争中接受检验。其中不少产品本来就是中外合作生产的，出口本身就是共同开拓第三方市场。我们提出“一带一路”建设，愿与相关国家需求相结合，合作推进。

What is more, China will explore new approaches to investment cooperation with other countries.China\'s high-speed railway, nuclear power, aviation, telecommunications and other sophisticated manufacturing capacities are gradually being introduced to other countries.They could meet market demand of the recipient country, and stand the test of competition on the international market.Their export will also help open up third-country markets, as many of such products are made by joint ventures between China and a foreign country.China has put forward the initiatives to build the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.China hopes to work with other countries to advance these initiatives and ensure that they are brought forward in ways that meet the actual needs of countries concerned.

瑞士达沃斯是世界滑雪胜地。大家知道，滑雪有三要素：速度、平衡、勇气。对中国经济而言，就是要主动适应新常态，保持中高速度的增长，平衡好稳增长和调结构的关系，以壮士断腕的勇气推进改革。只要我们坚持改革开放不动摇，着力推进结构性改革，推动大众创业、万众创新，扩大公共产品、公共服务供给，用“双引擎”助力“双中高”，中国经济就一定能够摆脱“中等收入陷阱”的“魔咒”，走上持续健康发展的轨道，同时为世界经济带来更大机遇。

Davos of Switzerland is a world-famous ski resort.As we understand, to be a good skier, one needs to do three things: go at the right speed, keep balance and be courageous.I believe this also holds true for the Chinese economy.What is important now for China is to adapt to the new normal.China will maintain medium-to-high speed of growth, keep a proper balance between steady growth and structural adjustment, and push forward reform with great courage and determination.China will stay firm in its commitment to reform and opening-up.It will focus on structural reform, encourage ma entrepreneurship and innovation, increase supply of public goods and services, and use the twin engines to ensure that the economy maintains medium-to-high speed of growth and achieves medium-to-high level of development.As long as we succeed in doing so, the Chinese economy will succefully overcome the \"middle-income trap\" and move ahead along the path of sustainable and sound development.This will in turn bring greater opportunities to the world economy.

我相信，只要国际社会携起手来，坚守和平稳定的底线，秉持和谐相处的理念，激活开放创新的动力，就没有克服不了的艰难险阻，我们赖以生存的这个世界就会迎来一个更加美好的未来！

In closing, I would like to call upon the international community to forge ahead and work in unison to uphold peace and stability, embrace harmonious coexistence, and boost the impetus for openne and innovation.By doing so, I am confident we will be able to overcome whatever difficulty or obstacle that stand in our way, and bring about a better future for the world that we all call home.

谢谢大家。

Thank you very much.

第18篇：口译

Unit One Reception

Paage 1 汉译英

欢迎希尔博士和夫人来访上海。请允许我Welcome to Shanghai , Dr.and Mrs.Hill.Please allow me to introduce 自我介绍。我叫洪健信，是中美制药有限公myself.My name is Jianxin Hong.I\'m deputy managing director of the 司的副总经理。久闻先生大名，我在研究生Sino-American Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd.I\'ve long heard of you and as a 学习时期所写的两篇论文中曾参考了您的研matter fact, I referred to your research findings in a couple of my papers

during my graduate studies.究成果。

我为能在上海接待您和您的家人而深感愉 It gives me such a great pleasure to meet you and your family here in 快，我很高兴我们能在今后的半年里合作共Shanghai and I\'m very glad that you will be working with us for the next 事。我们将给您配备两名实验助手。必要时six months.We\'ll provide you with two lab aistants and if neceary, 我们还想请您的一名同事一起参加我们的这we would like to invite one of your aociates to join us.项研究工作。

你若愿意的话，我们想把你先安排在市中心 If you don\'t mind, we\'d like to accommodate you (put you up) at the 的假日酒店下榻，从假日酒店开车40分钟可Holiday Inn, which is located in the downtown area, a forty-minute 到我们的实验室。旅馆住宿费由公司负担。drive from our lab.The company will pay for the hotel rooms.Our 如果你们不喜欢假日酒店，也可以搬到公司guesthouse , a small family-style apartment building, is also available to 的招待所去住，我们的招待所是一幢家庭式you if you decide to move out of the hotel.The guesthouse is located in 公寓小楼，地处浦东张江高科技园区，环境Zhangjiang High-Tech Park of Pudong on the other side of the Huangpu

River, a beautiful and peaceful environment that has never failed to 优美安宁，人见人爱。

attract any visitor.

不论您选择住在何处，我相信您和您的家人 In any case, I hope you and your family will enjoy your stay in this city.都会喜欢这里的生活。我们会尽力为你们服We\'ll do everything we can to accommodate you and make you 务，使你们在上海有种舒适如归的感觉。您comfortable.If you should encounter any inconveniences in your life 在生活或工作中若有不尽人意之处，请立即and work, do not hesitate to let me know and I\'ll glad to help you out.与我联系，我很乐意为您排忧解难。

今晚总经理将设宴为您洗尘，请您携家人一 Our managing director will host a reception banquet in your honor

tonight, and we would like you and your family to come to the dinner 起光临。我们晚上再见！

this evening to meet our managing director.I\'ll see you again then. Paage2 英译汉

Hello, I\'m Robert Brown from Stanford University.I\'m very 您好！我是从斯坦福大学来的罗伯特布朗。我很高happy to meet you here in this land of wonder.兴在这个充满奇观的国家与宁您见面。

I\'ve been looking forward to visiting your great country, and I feel 我一直期待着能够访问这个伟大的国家，同时我very honored and pleased that I\'ll be working with my Chinese 为自己能够在贵汽车工业集团的总部所在地与colleagues in the head office of your automobile group.As you know, 中国同事合作共事而深感荣幸和愉快。您知道这this is my first visit to China, and I\'m here to witne with my own 是我第一次访问贵国，来这里亲眼目睹对我来说eyes the magical power of the once very remote \"Oriental Dragon\".曾经是非常遥远的“东方巨龙”的风采，领略其神You can imagine how excited I was when I received your invitation 奇的魅力。您可以想象当我收到您邀请我前往中to join you in your project.Back in my college days, a profeor of 国与您共事的信后我是多么激动。我大学时期有Oriental civilization introduced me to the wealth of Confucianism 一位教东方文明史的教授，他使我萌生了一种难and Taoism, and bu doing that he planted in the depths of my mind 以言表的“中国梦”。 the inexplicable\" China dream\".And I\'m even more excited now that I\'ve set foot on the beautiful 自从踏上中国这片美丽的国土后，我的心情更为land of China.I\'ve had my \"China dream\" for years and I\'m here to 激动。我多年来魂牵梦绕的中国之旅竟然可以在realize this dream.Just think this charming cosmopolitan city is 此得以实现。可不是吗，我在年内都能以这座迷going to be my home for the remaining days of the year !There\'s so 人的国际大都市为家，真是棒极了。想了解的这much to learn about this mysterious country, from the ancient 个神秘之国的东西太多了，从古老的文明到当代civilization to the current reform.I\'m really looking forward to my 的改革，这一切我都想知道，我期盼着尽快开始Chinese life.我的中国生活。

I\'ll maximize this opportunity to learn as much as I can and make 我要充分利用这次机会尽可能地多了解中国，对as many friends as I can.I promise I\'ll become a real Chinese 交一些中国朋友。我相信，不久我便会成为一名expert in no time.中国通的。 Of course, I\'ll work closely with my Chinese colleagues on our 当然啰，我一定会与中国同事密切合作，尽力搞research projects, through which I believe I\'ll realize my \"China 好我们的研究项目，我认为这样做能够最有成效dream\" in the most rewarding direction.地实现我的中国梦。 Unit 2 Ceremonial Speech

Paage 1 中译英 副总统阁下、威廉斯夫人，贵宾们，女士Your Excellency Vice President and Mrs.Williams, Distinguishing Guests, 们、先生们：

我为能在此设宴招待威廉斯总统和夫人以及其他贵宾而深感荣幸和愉快。我愿借此机会向各位来宾表示热烈的欢迎。我此时的心情可以用孔子在《论语》中的一句话来表达：“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。”

显而易见，威廉斯副总统的这次访问表明了阁下愿意继续推进我们两国之间友好合作关系的决心。我深信，两国高层领导人之间的频繁互访，不仅有助于我们两国之间关系得改善，而且还有助于亚太地区地区乃至整个世界的和平与稳定。

我们两国建交以来的这些年里，我们在政治、经济、贸易、文化、教育、科技、卫生等领域里进行了真诚的、卓有成效的合作。值得一提的是，自从我们两国总理互访以来，我们在近海石油勘探和汽车工业方面的合作进展神速。我们对在这些领域里所取得的成就深感满意，并愿意与贵国政府和人民一起继续努力，将我们的合作关系推向一个新的高度。

女士们、先生们，谋求持久的世界和平和全球经济繁荣是我们共同愿望。正是本着维护世界和平、保证共同发展与持续繁荣的精神，我们制定了现行的外交政策和经济政策，发展与各国平等互利的友好关系。我们很高兴地看到，贵国一贯奉行谋求世界和平的政策，在过去的十年中始终与我们保持着良好的贸易伙伴关系。我期待着与威廉斯副总统就双边关系的发展，以及亚太地区和我们共同关心的其他一些国际问题举行会谈。

在我结束讲话之际，我请各位于我一起举杯，为威廉斯副总统和夫人的身体健康，

Ladies and Gentlemen,

It is my privilege and great pleasure to host this banquet in honor of Vice President and Mrs.Williams and other distinguished guests.I would avail myself of this opportunity to extend my warm welcome to you all.A remark in The Analects of Confucius can best expre what I feel now, “It is such a delight to have friends coming from afar!”

Evidently, Vice President Williams’ current visit has demonstrated his Excellency’s determination to further enhance the friendly and cooperative relations between our two countries.I’m deeply convinced that a frequent exchange of visits between the top government officials of the two countries is beneficial not only to the improvement of our relations, but also to peace and stability of the Asia-Pacific region and the world as a whole.

Over the years since the establishment of diplomatic relations between our two countries, we have carried out sincere and rewarding cooperation in political, economic, trade, cultural, educational, scientific and technological, public health and other fields.In particular, our cooperation in offshore oil exploration and automobile industry has been advancing rapidly ever since the exchange of visits between your Prime Minister and our Premier.We’re very satisfied with the development in these areas, and we’re willing to make further efforts with your government and people to push these cooperative relations to a new height.

Ladies and gentlemen it is our common wish to seek sustained world peace and persistent global economic prosperity.It is in the spirit of safeguarding world peace and ensuring common development and prosperity that we have made our current foreign policies, as well as our economic and trade policies, and wish to promote our friendly relations with other countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.We are very pleased that your country is in persistent pursuit of a world peace policy and has kept a decade-old good trading partnership with China.I am looking forward to holding talks with you on the international iues of common interest.

In closing, I would like you to join me in a toast。To the health of Vice President and Mrs.Williams, 为所有贵宾们的身体健康，为我们两国之间持久的友谊与合作，为世界和平与繁荣，干杯！

Paage 2 英译中

To the health of all our distinguished guests, To the lasting friendship and cooperation between our two counties, To the peace and prosperity of the world, Cheers!

市长先生阁下，中国朋友们，女士们、先生们，

这是我首次访问你们这座美丽的城市，我为此深感荣幸。我愿借此机会，代表我们代表团的全体成员，对我们东道主的诚挚邀请，对我们一踏上这块充满魅力的土地便受到的友好款待，向东道主表示真诚的感谢。与此同时，我很高兴这次访问给予我一次极好的机会，向Your Honor Mr.Mayor, My Chinese friends, Ladies and Gentlemen, I feel honored to come here on my first visit to your beautiful city.On behalf of all the members of my miion, I would like to take this opportunity to expre our sincere thanks to our host for their earnest invitation and gracious hospitality we have received since we set foot on this charming land.I am also very happy that this visit has given me an excellent opportunity to convey to you and to the people of Shanghai warm greetings and sincere good wishes of the government and people of our country.Although we live with a distance of thousands of miles between us, “Long distance separates no bosom friends,” as one of your Tang poets said.

The whole world is watching with great interest the remarkable changes that are taking place in China, particularly in Shanghai, a thriving and robust megalopolis.To our great amazement, this country boasts a two-and-half decade persistent economic growth, which is unequalled elsewhere in the world.China’s miraculous rise as one of the strongest economic powers in the Asia-Pacific region has attracted, and will continue to attract, a growing number of busine, manufacturing and financial giants in our country to invest in China, particularly to invest in a number of long-term projects in Shanghai and its surrounding areas.Over the last decade, there has never been any place other than Pudong that holds so much attraction for our people in the busine community.It is with this awarene that we have come here to seek better ways of promoting our economic and financial cooperation.One of the objectives of my miion is to sign our Investment Protection Agreement and Intellectual Property Rights Protection Agreement.I am also seeking poibilities of establishing, through partnership with our Chinese colleagues, a joint consultancy firm that will provide services for transnational corporations in Shanghai.

Last but not least, I would like to extend in person our official invitation to the mayor of Shanghai.We would like His Honor to visit our city at his earliest convenience, so as to give us an opportunity to return the warm reception and hospitality we enjoy here.I greatly cherish the close relationship between our two cities.I also greatly value the position we enjoy as one of your most important trading partners.In spite of the worldwide economic receion in recent years, there has been a steady growth in our economic cooperation and trade volume.It is our sincere wish that we continue to work closely together to enhance our friendly relationship and to ensure a sustained growth in our economic, financial and trade cooperation. On the occasion of this reception, I wish Mr.Mayor and all our Chinese friends present here tonight good health! Thank you.

市长先生和上海人民转达我国政府和人民的热烈问候和诚挚的良好祝愿。虽然我们远隔万里，但贵国唐朝的一位诗人说得好，“海内存知己，天涯若比邻。”

整个世界都在以极大的兴趣注视着中国正在发生的巨大变化，尤其是注视着上海这座蓬勃向上的特大型城市所发生的巨大变化。令人惊讶的是，25年来中国经济强劲持续增长，没有哪一个国家可以与其媲美。中国奇迹般地迅速崛起为亚太地区最具实力的经济强国之一，吸引了并将继续吸引我国越来越多的商业、制造业和金融业的巨头来华投资，尤其是上海及其周边地区的许多长期项目上投资。在过去的十年里，没有任何一个地方像浦东那样对我国商业界产生了如此之大的吸引力。正是基于对这一状况的认识，我们来到上海寻求进一步发展我们在经济和金融方面进行合作的更好的途径。我此行的目的之一就是缔结我们的《投资保护协定》和《知识产权保护协定》。我此行的另一目的是希望能与中国同行携手建立一家以在上海的跨国公司为服务对象的合资咨询服务机构。

最后，我此行的又一项重要任务是向上海市长面呈来访问我市的正式邀请，希望市长阁下在其方便的时候尽早访问我市，以便使我们能有机会来回报我们在这里受到的热情款待。 我非常珍惜我们两座城市之间的密切关系，我也非常重视我们作为你们最重要的贸易伙伴之一所享有的地位。尽管近年来世界经济处于不景气的状态，我们之间的经济合作和贸易额却一直在稳步增长。我们真诚地希望彼此之间继续密切合作，发展我们的友好关系，确保我们在经济、金融和贸易方面的合作持续发展。

请允许我借此机会，祝愿市长先生，祝愿出席今晚招待会的所有中国朋友，身体健康！

第19篇：中文

CLARE

[街道地址]，[市/县，省/市/自治区，邮政编码] | [电话] | [电子邮件]

教育

[Elm University, Chapel Hill, NC] [英语专业博士]

[论文：“21 世纪的跨文化交流热潮”] [荣誉：论文以“优异”成绩通过答辩] [Elm University, Chapel Hill, NC] [英语专业文学硕士]

[论文：“联机上下文内容的可访问性争论”] [Oak Tree University, Raleigh, NC] [英语专业荣誉文学学士]

[专业领域：新闻学，文书写作] [辅修：法语]

[荣誉论文：“妇女背叛与现代媒体”] 奖励

[博士后基金，Elm University]

[校长奖学金，Oak Tree University] [优秀基金，Oak Tree University] 教学经验

[Walnut Grove University, Chapel Hill, NC] [讲师 –“21 世纪全球文化传播”]

[编写课程提纲和整体课程结构并管理所有年级。] [兼职讲师 –“编辑技术文档”]

[编写课程提纲和整体课程结构并管理所有年级。] [讲师 – 法语 10

1、10

2、201 和 202]

[编写课程提纲和整体课程结构并管理所有年级。]

[助教 – 在“高级修辞”方面协助教授 Garth Fort]

[合作进行课程和考试研发，根据需要会见学生，批改所有书面作业，包括毕业考试论文。] 相关经验

[Lucerne Publishing, Raleigh, NC] [编辑]

[根据需要远程提供编辑支持，包括其内部联机文档和印刷文档的内容编辑和文字加工编辑。] [Wide World Importers, Durham, NC] [研究员]

[搜集包括统计和市场发展趋势在内的报告来跟踪联机销售与原始的脱机销售的增长。] [Fabrikam, Inc., Raleigh, NC] [语言顾问]

[将英语外部网站内容翻译成法语。]

[Trey Research, Raleigh, NC] [用户界面设计顾问]

[向程序经理提供内容设计反馈以在相关内容的英语和法语版本之间提供可访问性。] 发表文章和论文

[“21 世纪跨文化交流热潮”]

[选取年份]

[选取年份]

[选取年份]

[开始日期] – [结束日期] [开始日期] – [结束日期] [开始日期] – [结束日期] [选取年份]

[选取年份]

[选取年份

[选取年份]

[开始日期] – [结束日期] [开始日期] – [结束日期]

[选取年份

[选取年份]

CLARE 页2

[全球交流大会特邀演讲者，Los Angeles，CA]

[“为何信息时代仍有如此多的文档无法访问”]

[英语教授年会上陈述的论文，New York，NY]

[“妇女背叛与现代媒体”]

[美国妇女历史学会上陈述的论文，Athens，Ohio]

语言

[英语 – 母语]

[法语 – 口语流利，精通读/写]

[西班牙语和意大利语 – 具备基本的听说读写能力]

成员资格

[美国英语荣誉学会]

[西部女性作家学会]

[全球交流组织] [选取年份] [选取年份] [选取年份]

第20篇：中文

标题

副标题

黄军，张海玲2

1学院、专业

学院、专业

学号: *******

21摘要：本电子文档定义了由Scientific Research Publishing（SRP）出版的各种中文学术会议论文集的标准文章格式。文档中定义了标题、作者、单位、摘要、章节标题、正文、图、表、参考文献等元素，并且本文档中各种元素所采用的格式即符合SRP的标准格式。

关键词：模板；格式；SRP；学术会议；论文集

Subtitle as Needed

2Paper TitleJun Huang, Hailin Zhang2 Dept.name of organization, name of college Dept.name of organization, name of college

Student ID: ******

Abstract: This electronic document defines the standard format of the Chinese academic conference pro-ceedings published by the Scientific Research Publishing (SRP).The elements such as the paper title, author, affiliation, abstract, section title, main text, figure, table and references are defined, and this document is for-matted according to the SRP standard, which illustrates all the formats.Keywords: template; format; SRP; academic conference; proceedings

1 引言

本模板由Scientific Research Publishing（SRP）制作，定义了由SRP出版的各种科技会议论文集的标准格式。本模板用MS Word制作，并被保存为RTF格式，适用于使用MS Word编排论文的作者，为作者提供文章排版的格式规范。SRP推荐所有向SRP的会议投稿的作者使用本模板，一方面可以方便排版，另一方面可以统一论文集格式并确保所有论文符合SRP的出版规范。科技论文的各种元素的格式，包括页面空白、分栏、行距、图、表等，均在本模板中被定义。此外，本文档的格式也严格遵守SRP会议论文标准格式，作者可直接以本文档为例，直观了解论文标准格式。

2 使用须知

2.1 纸型

本模板仅针对采用A4纸型的会议论文集。请务必确保您的论文采用A4幅面（21厘米×28.5厘米）进行排版。

2.2 排版规范的完整性

本模板可直接用于论文及其文字的编排，有的页边距、栏宽、行距、字体都严格符合规定，请勿修改！尤其是页边距，由于论文集在后期制作过程中需要在页眉、页脚添加各种信息，所以所有论文务必确保现有的页边距不被修改，页面空白不被占用。

3 论文写作注意事项

不要使用空格、制表符设置段落缩进，不要通过连续的回车符（换行符）调整段间距。

3.1 英文缩写

除了一些众所周知的英文缩写，如IP、CPU、FDA，所有的英文缩写在文中第一次出现时都应该给出其全称。文章标题中尽量避免使用生僻的英文缩写。

3.2 单位

 尽可能使用国际标准单位（公制），如厘米、千克、秒，在特殊情况下可以使用英制单位，如“3.5英寸磁盘”。避免把公制与英制混合使用。

 不要把单位的全称与缩写混合使用。可以使用“Wb/m2”或“Webers每平方米”，但不要写“Webers/m2”。  不要省略小数前面的0，例如不要把“0.25”写作“.25”。使用“cm3”，不要写“cc”。

3.3 公式

对于简单的公式，可以直接以文本方式输入；对于复杂的公式，可以考虑使用公式编辑器，或者将公式制作成图片后插入文中。编辑公式的过程中要特别注意减号与连字符的区别，前者较长，后者较短。

α＝β－γ(1)

对于需要标注编号的公式，编号应写作“(1)”，不要写“Eq.(1)”或“Equation (1)”。

4 论文格式编排

4.1 纸型、页边距与版式

论文应采用A4幅面进行排版。论文页面设置为：上边距2.5厘米，下边距3厘米，左右边距2厘米；页眉2厘米，页脚2厘米。

论文的页眉和页脚不要添加任何内容，必须为空白。页面设置中须指定“无网格”（页面设置>>文档网格>>无网格）。

论文的标题、摘要和关键词（包括中文版和英文版）不分栏；正文部分直到文章末尾采用2栏，栏宽相等，栏间距2字符。

4.2 标题、作者信息、摘要和关键词

4.2.1 英文标题

英文标题置于论文第一页的最上方。主标题采用Times New Roman字体，居中，18磅，加粗，单倍行距，段前间隔0.5行。如有需要，可在主标题下方增加子标题，子标题采用Times New Roman字体，居中，11磅，加粗，单倍行距。 4.2.2 英文作者信息

英文作者信息置于英文标题下方。所有作者的姓名列于第一行，用逗号隔开。姓名采用Times New Roman字体，居中，10磅，加粗，行距12磅。

姓名下方放置作者的单位信息（英文），单位信息采用Times New Roman字体，居中，8磅，斜体，行距12磅。如果有多名作者并且单位不同，可以将不同的单位分多行编排，并用阿拉伯数字进行标注。

单位信息下方是作者的Email。Email信息采用Times New Roman字体，居中，8磅，斜体，行距12磅。如果论文提供多个作者的Email，可以用逗号隔开，并用阿拉伯数字进行标注。

4.2.3 英文摘要和关键词

英文摘要置于英文作者信息下方。摘要采用Times New Roman字体，10磅，行距12磅，两端对齐。 关键词置于英文摘要下方，采用Times New Roman字体，10磅，行距12磅，两端对齐，段前间隔0.5行。 4.2.4 中文标题

中文标题置于英文摘要和关键词的下方。主标题采用黑体，居中，18磅，加粗，单倍行距。如有需要，可在主标题下方增加子标题，子标题采用黑体，居中，11磅，加粗，单倍行距。 4.2.5 中文作者信息

中文作者信息置于中文标题下方。所有作者的姓名列于第一行，用逗号隔开。姓名采用仿宋体，居中，10磅，加粗，行距12磅。

姓名下方放置作者的单位信息（中文），单位信息采用宋体，居中，8磅，行距12磅。如果有多名作者并且单位不同，可以将不同的单位分多行编排，并用阿拉伯数字进行标注。

单位信息下方是作者的Email。Email信息采用Times New Roman字体，居中，8磅，行距12磅。如果论文提供多个作者的Email，可以用逗号隔开，并用阿拉伯数字进行标注。 4.2.6 中文摘要和关键词

中文摘要置于中文作者信息下方。摘要采用楷体_GB2132（如有英文则使用Times New Roman字体），10磅，行距12磅，两端对齐。

关键词置于中文摘要下方，采用楷体（如有英文则使用Times New Roman字体），10磅，行距12磅，两端对齐，段前间隔0.5行。

4.3 正文

4.3.1 章节标题

章节标题可划分为三个级别。各个级别的标题均使用黑体（如有英文或数字则使用Times New Roman字体），加粗，行距16磅。标题用阿拉伯数字进行编号。

 一级标题黑体加粗，12磅；段前、段后各空0.5行。  二级标题黑体加粗，11磅；段前、段后各空0.5行。  三级标题黑体加粗，10磅；段前空0.5行、段后不设置。 4.3.2 正文

正文使用宋体，10磅，各段落首行缩进2字符，两端对齐，行距15磅；如正文是英文格式的，行距为单倍行距，统一为Times New Roman字体，并取消英文的“孤行控制”设置。 4.3.3 致谢

致谢信息置于文章末尾和参考文献之间，致谢的标题采用一级标题的格式，12磅，黑体加粗，段前、段后各空0.5行，但是不使用阿拉伯数字编号。致谢的正文部分采用与文章正文相同的格式。 4.3.4 参考文献

参考文献的标题采用一级标题的格式，但是不使用阿拉伯数字编号。参考文献的标题使用英文（Times New Roman字体）和括号注明中文（黑体），加粗，字体为12磅，段前空1行，段后空0.5行，行距为单倍行距。

参考文献英文（Times New Roman字体），中文采用宋体，8磅，单倍行距，并采用“[x]”的方式以数字形式编号。

所有参考文献必须列出英文，也就是说，对于中文参考文献，必须先列出该文献的英文信息，在下方另起一行列出该文献的中文信息。

在正文中需要标注对参考文献的引用。标注时也使用“[x]”的形式，但采用上标格式[2]。

4.4 图、表和公式

4.4.1 图片

文中的图片应确保内容清晰。图片中的文字7.5磅。图片的尺寸可以根据需要适当放大或缩小，但是其长宽比例应与原图保持一致。对于比较大的图片，如果缩小后会导致内容不清晰，可以对该图片采用不分栏的格式。

所有图片应尽可能采用“嵌入式”环绕方式，尽量避免采用“四周型”环绕方式，否则排版过程中极易出现图片位置难以控制的情况。

图片居中。图片的标题放置于图片下方，所有图片必须列出英文标题，Times New Roman字体，如有中文采用黑体，8磅，加粗，居中，行距12磅，段前间隔0.5行，并使用“Figure x”（“图x”）的形式进行编号。图片的上方和图片标题的下方各设置一空行，行距15磅。

图1.标准试验系统结果曲线

Figure 1.Curve: system result of standard experiment

4.4.2 表格

表格中的文字7.5磅。对于比较大的表格，如果按照双栏方式难以容纳，可以对该表格采用不分栏的格式。 所有表格应尽可能采用“无环绕”环绕方式，尽量避免采用“环绕式”。

表格应居中。表格的标题置于表格上方，采用英文Times New Roman字体（如有中文使用黑体），8磅，加粗，居中，行距12磅，段后间隔0.5行，并使用“Table x”“表x”的形式进行编号。表格标题的上方和表格的下方各设置一空行，行距15磅。 4.4.3 公式

对于嵌入在正文段落中的公式，如果因为正文段落15磅行距的设置导致公式不能完整显示，可以将该

表1.标准试验系统结果数据

Table 1.System resulting data of standard expriment

数量 1

2质量 3

4排序 4

3稿件 7

5件数 8 9

3 2 2 2 2

7 4 4 4 4

6 3 3 3 3

7 5 5 5 5

8 9 9 9 9

段落的行距设置为“单倍行距”，公式设定为：标准10磅，符号5磅，下标/上标6磅，次符号10磅，下标/上标5磅。

对于单独占据一个段落的公式，通常建议采用居中设置，并在段前、段后设置0.5行间隔。但该规则并不是强制性的，对于公式较多的论文，作者可以根据情况适当调整对其方式和段落间距，以求美观。

为求美观，应注意公式中的字体大小。字体过大会导致比例失调，字体过小会导致看不清楚。

致谢

本章节为作者提供“致谢”的示例。

参考文献（References）

[1] [2]

Xiangping Meng, Yan Gao.Electric Systems Analysis [M].Beijing: Higher Education Pre, 2004.3-21.李煜，刘景森.直接匿名证言方案的实现机制与改进思路[J].河南大学学报，2007，37(2)：195-197.

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