高中英语：主谓一致
概论：谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。在判定一个句子主谓语是否一致时，要遵循下列三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在意义一致、语法一致、承前一致以及就近一致几个方面。 考点：
1.谓语动词用单数的情况 2.谓语动词用复数的情况 3.谓语动词单复数视情况而定
4.“名词(或代词)＋介词短语”作主语时的主谓一致 5.“名词(或代词)＋of＋名词”作主语时的主谓一致 6.定语从句中的主谓一致 7.就近原则&就前原则 解析：
一、语法一致原则：主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致：主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语亦采取复数形式。 The number of errors was surprising.We love our motherland .规则：
1.由and, both…and 连接两个单数名词谓语用复数，但当and连接的两个名词指同一个人，同一物，同一事，同一概念时谓语用单数。 Both bread and butter were served for breakfast in this hotel.The teacher and writer is going to give us a talk.2.由and 连接的前置并列修饰语+不可数名词做主语时，谓语用复数。 Good and bad meat in the market are sold out.3.凡由and连接两个带the(a或物主代词)的单数可数名词，谓语用复数，如果只有前一个名词带the(a 或物主代词)则谓语用单数。
The profeor and the writer have published a few new books on radio.The tenth and last chapter is written by a young man.4.every/each/no 修饰单数名词，以及and连接的两个有every/each/no修饰的单数名词做主语时，谓语用单数形式。如：Every boy and every girl is having sports now.5.“more than one/many a＋单数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： More than one student has failed the exam.6.“one ＋单数名词and a half ” 做主语时，谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式，如： He said that one and a half apples is enough.7.不可数名词、动名词、不定式、从句等做主语时，谓语通常用单数。 Much milk is offered to him.
Reading aloud is very important in learning English.To nod one’s head means agreement.
What they said is true.8.不定代词either, each, one, another, anyone, anybody , no one, nobody, some one, somebody, anything, nothing, something, everything, everyone, everybody, neither等做主语时，谓语用单数，none做主语时，谓语单复数均可。 There is nothing wrong with the machine.Either of the shirts fits me very well.None of the farmers has (have)been abroad.9.在四则运算中谓语单复数均可。
Three and four is (are) seven.
Two times ten is (are) twenty.10.当a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great quantity of等短语做主语时，谓语与of后的名词保持一致。
There are plenty of eggs in the basket.
Lots of meat has been sold out.考例：
As a result of destroying the forests, a large_______ of desert______ covered the land.A number, has
B quantity, has C number, have
D quantity, have (key:B) 11.当分数或百分数+名词做主语时，谓语与后面的名词保持一致。 Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.70 percent of people have known about the truth.考例：
_______ of the land in that district_______covered with trees and gra. A Two fifth, is B Two fifth, are C Two fifth, is D Two fifths, are (key:C) 12.“a number of，a great/good many， a group of+复数名词做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，”the number of +复数名词做主语时，谓语用单数形式。 The number of books is no more than 100, but a number of them is of little use.考例：
The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them ______absent for different reasons.A were , was
B was, was
C was , were,
D were, were (key C) a great deal of , a large amount of修饰不可数名词，其短语做主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；large amounts of修饰不可数名词，其短语做主语时，谓语动词通常用复数，例如：
A large amount of (A great deal of) damage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.13.在one of +复数名词+定语从句中如关系代词做主语引导定语从句时，谓语根据先行词来判断，若是one of结构，定语从句用复数，若是the(only) one of结构，定语从句用单数。
Zhou Xia is one of the girls who like hiking.
Tian Lili is the only one of the girls who has paed the exam.考例：
He is the only of the students who_______ a winner of scholarship for three years. A is
B are
C have been
D has been (key D)
二、意义一致原则: 取决于主语所表达的内在含义。只要确定句子的主语是单数意义，则谓语用单数；句子的主语是复数意义，则谓语用复数。 例如：
The crowd were fighting for their lives.Three years in a strange land seems like a long time. 规则：
1.由and 连接的两个疑问代词、不定式、动名词做主语时，根据意义一致的原则确定单复数。
When and where to build the new factory ________yet. A is not decided
B are not decided C has not decided
D have not decided (key:A) 2.不可数名词做主语，一律视为单数。以¬s结尾的国名、地名、机构名，书名，如：the United States, the United Nations等做主语，视为单数；有些不可数名词如：news, maths, physics 虽然以¬s结尾，但不是复数。 Physics is not easy to understand.3.表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或句子做主语时，谓语动词用单数。“one, either, neither, each of＋复数名词或代词”做主语时，谓语用单数。如： When and where to go for the on¬salary holiday has not been decided yet.Either of the stories is very funny.4.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词做主语，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词常用单数。如：
Ten pounds was miing from the box.
5.a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of， type of等修饰名词做主语时，通常以量词的单复数形式来决定谓语的单复数。如： This pair of trousers fits you.
The kind of the apple tastes delicious.Two series of new stamps have been ordered.this kind of book =a book of this kind（这种书），其谓语动词用单数；短语this kind of men =men of this kind =these kind of men(口语)（这一类人），但this kind of men的谓语动词用单数，men of this kind和these kind of men的谓语动词用复数，all kinds of后跟复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。如： This kind of men is dangerous.Men of this kind are dangerous.6.the population of…“……的人口数量”作主语时，谓语用单数，但如果是分数/百分数/half of/the rest of＋the population 作主语时，谓语则用复数，具体指其中的多少人，复数意义，如： The population of China is large and about eighty percent of the population are farmers. 注意：
the average of …“……的平均数量”，作主语时，谓语用单数。
7.“the ＋adj.”结构指人时，谓语动词用复数；如果表示抽象的概念，谓语动词用单数，如：
The disabled are well taken care of in this country.8.分数、百分数，all, some, the rest, half of, most of, part of 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据其指代的含义确定，如： Most of the workers have gone home for a holiday.9.主语为集体名词时，如果表示一个整体，谓语 动词用单数；如果指其中的个体，谓语动词用复数。 这类集体名词常见的有：army, audience, cattle, cla, club, committee, crowd, family, government, group, majority, minority, people, police, public, staff, team 等，其中cattle，people，police一般看成复数形式。而有的名词则是单数、复数相同，如sheep, deer, aircraft, mean, fish, works, species,等，做主语时，就必须根据意思来确定其谓语的单复数形式。 His family were sitting in the sofa watching TV when I got there.Every poible means________ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.A is used
B are used
C has been used D have been used (keys:C) 10.当and连接两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时，应看作单数，谓语 动词用单数形式。另外，当and 连接两个形容词修饰 一个单数形式的主语时，其实是指两种不同的事物， 主语则应该看作是复数，那么谓语动词也应该用 复数。如： War and peace is a constant theme in history.Chinese and Japanese silk are of good quality.注意：
英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有：
iron and steel 钢铁
law and order 治安
bread and butter 黄油面包
a watch and chain 一块带链的表
a knife and fork 刀叉
truth and honesty 真诚 a coat and tie 配有领带的上衣
aim and end 目的
11.what 引导的主语从句做主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于作表语的名词的单复数形式。如：
What surprised me most was his attitude towards his study.12：such 做主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要根据其意义而定。如： Such is Stephen Hawking, who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much.13：“quantities of＋名词” 做主语时，不论名词是复数还是不可数，谓语一律用复数。如：Every day quantities of water are wasted.
三、就近原则: 谓语动词根据它前面最邻近的名词或代词或其他词的数的形式，来决定其自身的数的形式。
例如：
Not only his children but also he himself wants to go there.Either my wife or I am going to work there. 规则：
1.当连词or, not…but…； either…or…， neither…nor…， not only…but (also)…等连接两个名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词的形式常与最靠近的词语保持一致。如：
Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.Either you or the headmaster______ the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting(1994上海) A is handing out
B are to hand out
C are handing out
D is to hand out (key:D) 2：在倒装句中，谓语与后面第一个主语的数保持一致（需认准主语是哪个）。如：In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.1)Between the two buildings
(stand) a monument.2)On the ship
(be) over 2,200 people. 3)More than 1,500 people lost their lives.
Among those
(be) the young woman.3.当一个句子是由 there 或here引起，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常和最靠近它的主语一致。如：
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.
四、承前一致
1.由and 连接的第二个名词短语表示否定或带有状语时，谓语的单复数与第一个名词一致。
The teacher, and perhaps his students too, is likely to be present.2.主语+介词（短语）：with, except, as well as, no le than, rather than, more than, over, besides, together with, like, including, in addition to等连接的名词时，谓语以介词（短语）前的主语为准， 不受介词后的名词影响。 The man with hs daughters and sons is watching TV.The girls as well as the teacher are dancing.考例：
1）E-mail, as well as telephones,______ an important role in our daily life(1999上海) A playing
B play
C plays
D have played (keys:C) 2) A library with five thousand books_______ to the nation as a gift.(MET 1990) A is offered
B has offered
C are offered
D have offered (keys: A) 3)The teacher , with 6 girls and 8 boys of her cla, ______ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.(NMET2004 北京卷) A.was
B .were
C.had been
D.would be 4）Nobody but John and Helen
absent.I, rather than you，
responsible for the accident.巩固练习：
1．The family as well as their dog ________ on the roof by the flood.
A．was trapped
B．trapped
C．were trapped
D．trapping 2．Britain ________ many other industrialized countries, ________ major changes over the last 100 years.
A．together with; have experienced
B．as well as; have experienced
C．in common with; has experienced
D．instead of; has experienced 3．Some neceary equipment as well as food and clothes________ sent to the disaster¬hit area since the powerful earthquake occurred.
A． has been
B． have been
C． is being
D． are being 4．Is it he or you ________ in charge of the job and supposed to complete it punctually?
A．who is
B．that is
C．who are
D．whom are 5．An average of about 100 emails a week ________ received.Such ________the case with Martin at present.
A．are; are
B．is; is
C．is; are
D．are; is 6．Atlanta, as well as many other big cities, ________ once again becoming one of the commercial and cultural centers of the USA right now.
A．is
B．are
C．has been
D．have been 7．More than one student in our cla ________ to Shanghai Expo.
A．has been
B．have been
C．is
D．are 8．More than ________ of the clamates in my cla ________ fond of pop music.
A．two third; is
B．two thirds; is
C．second third; are
D．two thirds; are 9．The teacher together with the students ________ discuing Writing Skills that ________ newly published in America.
A．are; were
B．are; was
C．is; was
D．is; were 10．One third of the deer ________ by the wolves last night.
A．was eaten
B．is eaten
C．were eaten
D．are eaten 11.The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as ________ its soil and water of its lakes, rivers and oceans.
A．has
B．do
C．is
D．are 12．Such poets as Shakespeare ________ widely read， of whose works， however， some ________ difficult to understand.
A． are; are
B． is; is
C． are; is
D． is; are 13．Listening to loud music at rock concerts ________ caused hearing lo in some teenagers.
A． is
B． are
C． has
D． have 14．The secretary and headmaster of the school ________ the meeting.
A． were going to
B． are going to
C． are having
D． is to attend 15．Dr.Smith, together with his wife and daughters, ________ visit Beijing this summer.
A． is going to
B． are going to
C． was going to
D． were going to 巩固练习答案：
1.[解析] C 考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可以看出，句子缺少谓语动词。as well as 当作介词使用，后面的成分不能作主语，主语是The family，在这里指的是一家人，所以谓语动词用复数形式。人是被洪水困住的，所以用被动语态。句意：那家人还有他们饲养的狗都被洪水困到了屋顶。 2.[解析] C 考查主谓一致。in common with意为 “和……一样”，谓语动词单复数跟前面的主语保持一致。句意：与其他工业化国家一样，英国在过去100年里经历了重大的变化。 A、B项第一空together with，as well as意思及用法与in common with类似，均错在第二空；D项instead of“而不是”，不合句意。
3.[解析] A 考查主谓一致。这里的主语是Some neceary equipment，所以谓语动词用单数形式。时间状语为“since＋过去时”，所以用完成时。
4.[解析] C 考查强调句型及主谓一致。此处为强调句 型，强调了主语 he or you，根据强调句型结构“It is/was＋被强调部分＋ that/who＋其他”，首先排除 D；谓语的单复数根据所强调的主语he or you确定，or连接并列主语时采用就近一致原则，因此根据you确定谓语为are。
5.[解析] D 考查主谓一致。“an average of＋可数名词复数”，其后的谓语动词应该用复数；“the average of＋可数名词复数”，其后的谓语动词则应该用单数。such是指代前面的这样一件事，所以视为单数，故其后谓语动词应该用单数。由此可知选D。
6.[解析] A 考查主谓一致。主语由as well as连接，故谓语应和Atlanta一致；由语境可知要用一般现在时。
7.[解析] A 考查主谓一致。More than one修饰的名词谓语要求用单数形式。
8.[解析] D two thirds这里指代的是clamates，故谓语用复数。
9.[解析] C 考查主谓一致。主语由together with引导，谓语要和前面的主语一致；that指代Writing Skills，故谓语要用单数。由此可知答案。
10.[解析] C 考查主谓一致。deer的单复数形式相同，这里指三分之一的鹿，故用复数。
11.[解析] D 考查主谓一致。此处soil and water是主语，故用are。
12.[解析] A 考查主谓一致。第一空poets作主语，谓语用are，第二空some of his works作主语，表示复数的概念，依然用are。
13.[解析] C 考查主谓一致和时态。动名词短语作主语，句子的谓语动词用单数形式，由此排除B、D两项。根据主语与caused的主动关系，排除A，选C。 14.[解析] D 考查主谓一致。只有and前的名词前有冠词，表示“书记兼校长”，指同一个人，选D。
15.[解析] A 考查动词时态和主谓一致。主语是Dr.Smith，表单数，谓语动词用单数形式；时间状语是this summer, 表计划性的将来，故时态用一般将来时。 1—5 ACDAB 6—10ABADD 11—15CCACA
