英语主谓一致的三个原则
1.形式一致的原则
即单复数形式与谓语要一致。一般说来，当作主语的名词或代词是第三人称单数时，谓语动词就用单数形式；当作主语的名词或代词是复数时，谓语动词就复数形式：如：
(1) He likes skating in winter.他喜欢冬天滑冰。 (2) They don’t live here.他们不住这里。 2.意义一致的原则
即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。英语中，有些名词或代词形式上是单数，而意义上可能是复数，这时，谓语动词的形式就须依据名词或代词的意义决定。如：
(1) People there were very glad to see our team win the match.在那里的人们看到我们队赢了比赛时都非常高兴。
(2) His family were watching TV when I got to his home.我到他家时，他家的人在看电视。 (3) Our cla are working hard to make ours a good cla.我们班的同学都在努力工作以便是我们班成为优秀班。
3.邻近一致的原则
英语中，有时几个名词或代词有某些此连接起来一起作句子的主语，此时，谓语动词的形式就须有与之最接近的名词或代词的人称和数决定。如：
(1) There is a desk and five chairs in his room.他房间里有一张办公桌和五把椅子。 (2) There are five chairs and a desk in his room.他房间里有五把椅子和一张办公桌。 (3) Either you or Li Lei is going to be sent there.要么是你要么是李蕾将被派到那里去。 (4) Are either you or Li Lei going to be sent there.是你将被派到那里去还是李蕾将被派到那里去？
英语主谓一致详解
1.代词做主语
A．主语是he, she, it, either, neither, each, one, the other, another, anything, anyone, something, someone, somebody, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等代词时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：
(1) Everyone is here.大家都来了。
(2) There is something wrong with my bike.没有的单车有点毛病。
B．主语是I(除be 动词用am外) , you, we, they代词时，谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。如： (1) I like to stay here with you.我喜欢跟你在这儿。 (2) They are all soldiers.他们都是战士。
C．主语是：who, what, which, all, more, most, some, any, none, the rest, the remainder时，谓语动词的形式须依具体情况而定。如：
(1) Who’s the girl over there? 那边的那个女孩是谁？
(2) Who are the boys playing games there? 在那里做游戏的男孩子是哪些人？ (3) What’s this? 这是什么？ (4) What are those? 哪些是什么？ (5) Which is yours? 哪一个是你的？ (6) Which are children’s? 哪一些是孩子们的？ (7) What’s under the tree? 树下有什么？ (8) All is right.一切顺利。
(9) All are present.所有人都到齐了。
2.名词做主语
A.一般说来，不可数名词及可数名词的单数做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如： (1) Water is neceary for living things.水对于生物来说是必须的。 (2) The dog is a useful animal.狗是一种有用的动物。
B.表示总称意义只能单数形式作复数用的集合名词people 人们, cattle 牛, police，youth年轻人，做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。如：
(1) English people are fond of talking about weather.英国人喜欢谈论天气。 (2) Cattle are farmers’ friends.牛是农民的朋友。
只能作不可数名词的集体名词如mankind 人类, furniture 家具, clothing 衣服, machinery总称的机械，equipment（设备）等做主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
(1) The advanced equipment has been offered to the factory.(2) All the furniture in my home is made in Hong Kong.C.主语是集合名词：army（军队）, audience（观众、听众）, board（委员会）, cla, committee（委员会）, crew（全体队员、船员、机组人员等）, family, firm（公司）, government（政府）, group（组、群）, public（公众）, team, staff（全体工作人员）, union（联盟）等时，如果是作为整体的，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；如果作为其中一个个的成员，谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。如：
(1) Our cla is made up of fifty students.我们班有五十个学生组成。 (2) Our cla are working very hard.我们班的同学学习都很努力。 (3) His team is very strong.他们队很强大。
(4) His team are talking with the coach.他们队在跟教练谈话。 (5)His family isn\'t very large.他家不是一个大家庭。
(6)His family are music lovers.他的家人都是音乐爱好者。
D.主语是以 s 结尾的名词表示的是学科或国家时： politics, physics, mathematics（数学） politics（政治学），economics（经济学），谓语动词也只能用第三人称单数形式。如：
(1) Physics is very interesting and useful.物理既很有趣也很有用。
(2) The United Nations is made up of more than one hundred countries.联合国由100多个国家组成。
E.主语是两个对称部分组成的事物时：clothes, compaes (圆规), glaes, trousers, sciors, shoes, socks, gloves，它们单独作主语时谓语动词要用复数，但如果前面有 a / this pair / sort / kind of 等修饰时，则谓语动词要用单数形式。
(1) The trousers are not expensive.这条裤子不贵。 (2) Your socks are over there.你的袜子在那边。
F.主语是：goods, arms （武器），clothes （衣服），thanks（感谢）等通常以复数形式出现在句子里的名词时，谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。如：
(1)All the goods were shipped from America.(2)All the arms you want have been prepared.G.主语是：works（工厂）, series (系列), means, data (资料数据), sheep, fish, Japanese, Chinese等其单复数形式相同的名词时，谓语动词的形式须依照它们在句中的意义来确定。如：
(1) That Japanese has been to China for twenty times.（这位日本人已来过中国20次了。） (2) Those Japanese are visitors to our university.（那些日本人是到我们大学来参观的客人。） 注意：Chinese, Japanese这样的词不仅可做名词，还可和定冠词一起连用，表示“……一类人”，是种集合名词的表达形式。因此，用于后者时，其动词的单复数不能取决于内容，而是一定要用复数。
(3) The Japanese are united.日本人很团结。
H.主语是：时间、距离、金钱、价格、度量衡单位等名词或短语，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如果强调个体则谓语动词用复数形式。常见的这种词有：years, dollars, dozens, miles, length, width等。如：
(1) Three years paes quickly.三年很快过去了。
(2) Twenty dollars is not enough to buy this book.20元不够买这本书。 (3) There are twenty dollars on the desk.桌上有20元。
I.主语若是书名，剧名、报刊、杂志名称或单位名称时，即使名词是复数形式，谓语动词也只能用第三人称单数形式。如：
(1) The Arabian Nights is very interesting.《一千零一夜》很有趣。
(2) The New York Times is popular in America.《纽约时报》在美国很受欢迎。 J.在算式里，主语是数词时，加法和乘法的谓语动词单复数皆可；而减法和除法的谓语动词一律用单数。如：
(1) Three and five is/are eight.三加五等于八。 (2) Twelve divided by six is two.十二除以六等于二。
K.主语里面有：a lot of, lots of, plenty, half of, part of, most of, a portion of, 分数 / 百分数of +名词时，谓语动词的形式须依照名词的数而确定（一个形容词性词组修饰主语的中心部分）。如：
(1) A lot of people have taken part in the activity.很多人参加了这次活动。 (2) Lots of water is lost.大量的水被流失了。
(3)Two thirds of the students in this school have been admitted to universities.(4)Two thirds of the water has been polluted in this river.主语是：kind of, type of, pair of, amount of, quantity of + 名词时，谓语动词的形式须依照kind, type, amount, pair, quantity的数而确定。（名词性词组，一般主语就是它，A of B）如：
(1) This pair of trousers was made by Master Li.这条裤子是李师傅做的。
(2) A large quantity of water in the sea has been polluted.这个海里大量的水被污染了。 (3) Large quantities of rice have been destroyed in the flood.大量的庄稼在洪水中被毁坏了。 在一些短语，如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than„ of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。
Many a person has read the novel.许多人都读过这本书。
More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市。 L.主语是：the number of + 名词的复数时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如： The number of students in our cla is seventy-eight.我们班的学生数是七十八。 主语是：a number of + 名词复数时，谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。如：
A number of students of our school come from the countryside.我们学校很多学生来自农村。 M.主语是：the population时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如： (1) What is the population of your town? 你们镇的人口多少？
(2) The population of America is a little over two hundred million.美国人口数大约是两亿多一点。 主语是：分数 + population时，谓语动词常用第三人称复数形式。如：
About eighty percent of the population in our country are farmers.我们国家大约有百分之八十的人口是农民。
N.A) every, each, either, neither, one, no one, somebody, anybody, nobody, everyone, someone, anyone, everyone, something, anything, nothing, everything在句中做限定词限定一个名词时，后面的谓语一律用单数。做限定词加of时，后面的名词或代词都应该用复数，但谓语却用单数。即使有定语从句，其主句、从句谓语仍用单数。 (1) Either of them isn\'t going to give up their chance of education.（他们两个都不想放弃受教育的权利。）
(2) Each one of us who is now living is destined to witne remarkable scientific discoveries.（现在活着的人一定会见到伟大的科学发现。）
B) 限定词加名词做主语：all, any, many, more, most, some, none, half,的谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所修饰的名词。
a) all, any, many, more, most, some修饰单数名词时，谓语为单数；当修饰复数名词谓语为复数。 例：All of the world is against wars.（全世界都反对战争。）
There is some girl at the telephone who wants to speak to you.（有个女孩打电话来，找你。） b) all, any, many, more, most, some加复数名词时，谓语用复数动词。 例：All roads lead to Rome.（条条大路通罗马。） There are scarcely any flies left.（几乎没有什么苍蝇了。）
c) all, any, many, more, most, some修饰不可数名词时，谓语用单数动词。
例：If there is any trouble, please don\'t hesitate to turn to me.（如果有什么困难，请立刻来找我。） More experience is eential for getting a higher position.（要得到更高的职位，重要的是要有更多的经验。）
3.两个或两个以上的名词连在一起做主语 (一) and, both...and 连接名词或代词做主语 A．谓语一般用复数形式。如：
(1) Li Lei and Liu Mei are both interested in English.李蕾和魏方都对英语感兴趣。 (2) He and she are good friends.他跟她是好朋友。
B．and 连接的两个成对的名词，如fork and knife（一套刀叉）, bread and butter（涂黄油的面包片，基本生活所需品）；soda and water（小苏打水）；aim and end(终极目标)等，虽有and 连接，但仍表示单一的概念，谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。如：
(1) Where is your fork and knife? 你的刀叉在哪儿？
(2) Fish and chips is a popular supper here.炸鱼土豆片在这里是一种很受欢迎的晚餐。 (3)The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.钢铁工业于我们生活很重要。
C．and 连接的两个名词若是指同一个人, 即： and前的名词前有冠词,而and后面的名词前没有冠词。谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。如：
(1)The writer and the singer are going to pay a visit to our school.(2)The writer and singer is going to pay a visit to our school.D．and所连接的连个名词前分别有: every, each, no, many a等修饰时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：
(1) Every hour and every minute is important.每一小时，每一分钟，都很重要。
(2) Many a teacher and (many a) student has spoken at the meeting.在会上，很多老师和学生发言。 (二) 主语是：连接词or, either„or„, neither„nor„, whether„or„, not„but„, not only„but also„等连接的名词或代词时，谓语动词的形式须跟与之最接近的名词或代词决定（就近原则）。如：
(1) Neither he nor you are to blame.他和你都不应该受责备。 (2) Is neither he nor you to blame? 他和你都不应该受责备吗？ (3) Not only the nurses but also the doctor is coming to the meeting.not only A but also B(强调B)= A as well as B(强调A), not only...but also...是平行结构，的确采用就近原则，但是，as well as...就其本质而言是个短语介词，与其宾语形成完整的介词短语做伴随状语，不影响句子的单复数，所以，不采用就近原则。
Not only ..., but also ...这个句型用于表示“不仅...，而且...”也可以用于倒装句型。
倒装的时候，not only+倒装，but also+正常语序。
(4)Not only did I go to the park ,but also I went to the forbidden City.我不仅去过公园，我也去过北京故宫。
(三) 主语是：介词in, out of, with, except, besides, without, as well as, no le than, rather than, more than, but, along with, together with, like, including, in addition to等所连接的两个名词时，谓语动词的形式应与这些词前面的名词的数保持一致。“主语 + 后置定语”谓语动词只看主语，不看后置定语部分。如：
(1) At the meeting, one in four is against the decision.会上由四分之一的人反对这一决议。 (2) The teacher with his students is discuing a question.老师和学生们在讨论问题。 (3) He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。
(四) one and a half + 名词复数做主语，即名词超过一，但不满二时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：
One and a half oranges is enough for the baby.这个孩子有一个半桔子就够了。
(五) many a + 名词单数；more than one + 名词单数；a + 名词单数 + or two等做句子的主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：
(1) Many a student is interested in English movies.很多学生对英语电影感兴趣。
(2) A worker or two is going to be sent to work abroad.一两个工人将被派往国外去工作。 (六) one or two +名词复数做句子的主语时，谓语动词第三人称复数形式。如：
One or two spelling mistakes have been found in your composition.在你的作文中发现了一两个拼写错误 4.The + 形容词做主语
A．The + 形容词指人做主语时，指具有形容词性质的一个群体，谓语动词一般用第三人称复数形式。如：
(1) The poor were usually looked down upon by the rich.过去，穷人常被富人瞧不起。 (2) The wounded have been taken good care of in the hospital.伤员在医院受到了很好的照护。 B．The + 形容词指抽象概念做主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如： (1) The true is to be distinguished from the false.真假必须辨明。 5.主语是句子、短语
A．主语是非谓语动词短语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：
(1) Reading is of much help for learning a language.阅读对学语言很有帮助。
(2) To keep on doing morning exercises is good.(= It is good to keep on doing morning exercises.)
坚持做早操很有好处。
如果主语是两个或以上非谓语动词短语并列出现时，谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。如： (1) Reading and speaking is of much help for learning a language.阅读对学语言很有帮助。 B．主语是从句时，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式，如：
(1) Why he was absent yesterday is being questioned.他昨天为什么没来正在询问之中。
(2) Where we can get so much money is still a problem.我们到哪里去弄这么多钱还是个问题。 但what，who引导的从句做主语时，当指具体的东西或人时，谓语动词的形式必须根据具体的意思而定。如：
What I want are these things.
Who I am going to meet are Tom and Mike.
C．定语从句中谓语动词的形式必须跟先行词的单、复数形式保持一致。如：
(1) The girl who is speaking on the stage is Zhang Li’s sister.在台上讲话的那个女孩是张力的姐姐。
(2) The children that are playing games over there are from Guangdong.在那边做游戏的孩子们是广东人。
注意：在“one of + 名词复数 + 定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词一般用第三人称复数形式，但当one前面有the, the very, the le, the only或形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句的谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式，如：
(1) Li Lei is one of the students who are good at English.李蕾是英语学得好的学生之一。 (2) Alice is the only one of the girls that is from America.艾利斯是唯一的一个来美国的女孩。 D．there be结构中be动词的形式由紧接近be后面的名词的形式所决定。如：
(1) There is a teacher and seventy students in the claroom.教室里有一个老师和七十个学生。 (2) There are seventy students and a teacher in the claroom.教室里有七十个学生和一个老师。
如果句子是由here引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。 (1) Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.E．在某些虚拟语气的句子中，无论主语是谁，be动词总是为were的形式。如：
(1) If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky freely.要是我是一只鸟，我将自由自在地在天空飞翔。 (2) If he were here, I would talk to him face to face.如果他在这里，我将面对面地跟他谈。
