“主谓一致”解题指导
一、主谓一致
主谓一致有许多原则，概括起来不外乎三种一致原则，即语法形式一致，概念一致（语言内容上一致），毗邻一致（谓语动词的单复数形式和紧位于其前的主语一致）。
1.语法形式一致
（1）单数主语、单个动词不定式、动名词短语以及句子作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。复数主语，用and或both„and连接的动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。例如：
1) The performance was very funny.
2) Serving the people is my great happine. 3) Whether we’ll go depends on the weather. 4) Many natural materials are becoming scarce. 5) Both you and I are students.
6) What I think and what I seek have been fairly reflected in my paper.
单项选择：
1.When and where to build the new factory _______ yet.A.is not decided
B.are not decided
C.has not decided
D.have not decided 2.Both of us _______ to the party last week.A.was invited
B.were invited
C.invited
3.Look!Many sheep _______ gra there.A.is eating
B.are eating
C.eats
D.ate 4.When and where to build the new factory _______ yet.A.were not decided
B.are not decided
C.has not been decided
D.have not been decided 5._______ about the moon _______ put into the computer.A.A great number of information ; were
B.A lot of information ; were C.Much information; was
D.A good many informations; was
参考答案：CBBCC
（2）由as well as, with, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, accompanied by, plus, besides, in addition to, no le than 等引起的结构跟在主语后面，不能看作是并列主语，该主语不受这些词组引导的插入语的影响，主语如是单数，其谓语动词仍然用单数形式。例如：
1) My mother, as well as my father, has a key to the office.
2) The man together with his wife and children sits there watching TV.
3) His sister no le than you is wrong.
4) The reading course book, plus its reference books, is helpful to college students.
单项选择：
1.Alice, together with two girls, _______ for having broken the tule.A.was punished
B.punished
C.were punished
D.being punished 2.Peter as well as his friends _______ to music.
A.like to listen
B.likes to listen
C.like to hear
D.likes to hear 3.Mary , along with her parents _______ to Paris.A.have moved
B.has moved
C.are moving
D.have been moving 4.His sister no le than you _______ wrong.A.is
B.are
C.be
D.have been 5.The father,rather than the brothers, _______ responsible for the accident.A.is
B.are
C.be
D.have been
参考答案：ABBAA
(3)有些代词只能指单数可数名词，当它们在句子中作主语时，尽管在意义上是多数，谓语动词仍要用单数形式。这类代词有either, neither, each, one, the other, another, somebody, someone, something, anyone, anything, anybody, everyone, everything, everybody, no one, nothing, nobody等。例如：
1) Neither likes the friends of the other.(两人都不喜欢对方的朋友。) 2) Everything around us is matter.(我们周围的所有东西都是物质。)
(4)在neither of与either of的结构里，一般语法书都认为谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式，但在美国的TOEFL考试内要求用单数形式。例如：
1) Neither of them was in good health, but both worked very hard. 2) Has either of them been seen recently?
单选：
1.Anyone who _______ to come _______ welcome.A.want;is
B.wants;are
C.wanted; is
D.wants;is 2.Neither of us _______ regular training.A.has gone through
B.go through
C.going through D.have gone through 3.Something _______ to end the strike.A.has done
B.is doing
C.has been done
D.does
参考答案：DAC
(5)当and连结的两个名词是指同一个人或同一件事，and后的名词前没有冠词，谓语动词应该用单数形式；在and后面的名词前有冠词，谓语就用复数形式。例如：
1)The bread and butter is served for breakfast.(早饭供应黄油面包。) 2)The bread and the butter are on sale.(正在出售黄油和面包。)
单选：
1.My friend and clamate _______ me to wait for her.A.ask
B.is asked
C.asks
D.are asking 2.The woman over there _______ Julia and Mary’s mother.A.is
B.are
C.be
D.to be 3.John’s best friend and his clamate _______ with him.A.goes
B.go
C.does go
D.has gone 参考答案：CAB
（6）当one of结构作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：
One of those students has paed the examination.
“one of+复数名词+定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词要用复数形式；在“the only one of +复数名词+定语从句”的结构中，定语从句的谓语动词要用单数形式。例如： He is one of the students who get there on time.
单选：
1.One of my friends _______ from Japan.A.is
B.are
C.have been
D.come 2.Jane is one of the best students in her cla who _______ by their teacher.A.is praised
B.are praised
C.praised
D.praising
3.John is the only one of the staff members who _______ to be transferred.A.is going
B.are going
C.have been going
D.has been going
参考答案：ABA
（7）plenty of, half of, a lot of, lots of等 + 可数与不可数名词作主语时，不可数名词的谓语只用单数，可数名词的谓语视可数名词的单复数而定。例如：
1）Half of this building is to be completed by spring. 2）Half of the buildings have been painted completely. 3）There is plenty of water in the pail. 4）There are plenty of eggs in the box.
单选：
1.A lot of water _______.A.are running
B.run
C.is running
D.running 2.Lots of students _______ to college.A.goes
B.go
C.is going
D.has gone 3.Half of the apples _______ rotten.A.is
B.are
C.has been
D.is going to
参考答案：CBB
（8）如果名词词组中心词是“分数或百分数 + of + 名词”，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词的单、复数形式。例如：
1）Over three-quarters of the swampland has been reclaimed. 2）Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan.
单选：
1.Seventy percent of the students here _______ from Hong Kong.A.is
B.are
C.comes
D.has come 2.Sixty percent of the work _______been done.
A.have
B.is
C.has
D.are 3.Three fourths of the bread _______ by Bob,and the rest of the bread _______ left on the table.A.was eaten;were
B.were eaten;was
C.were eaten;were
D.was eaten;was
参考答案：BCD
2.概念一致（语言内容上一致）
（1）有些集合名词如crowd, family, team, orchestra（管弦乐队）, group, government, committee, cla, school, union, firm, staff, public等，它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据语言内容而定。如果它们作为一个集体单位时，动词用单数形式，如就其中的各个成员来说，则谓语用复数形式。例如：
1）His family is going to move.
2）His family are very well.
3）The public is / are requested not to leave litter in the park.
注：如这类词后跟有定语从句时，定语从句的谓语动词也遵循概念一致的原则，强调具体成员时，谓语动词用复数，关系代词用who; 强调整体时，谓语动词用单数，关系代词用which。例如：
1）The government who were responsible for this event attempted to find a solution. 2）The government which was responsible for this event attempted to find a solution.
单选：
1.“Your team _______ so well this afternoon!”Tom said.A.have played
B.is
C.has played
D.play 2.Our football team_______ baths now.A.are having
B.has
C.is having
D.having
参考答案：CA
(2)有些表示总称意义的名词，形式上是单数，而意义上却是复数，谓语动词要用复数形式，如people, police等。例如：
The police are searching for a tall dark man with a beard.
单选：
1.People here in the town_______ very friendly.A.is
B.has been
C.does
D.are 2.The police_______ his lost car.A.has found
B.have found
C.has been found
D.have been found
参考答案：DB
(3)有些名词形式上是复数，而意义上却是单数。如news, means, works.还有许多以ics结尾的学科名称，如economics, physics, mechanics, politics等，它们作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：
1）Politics is a complicated busine.
2）Here is the news.
单选：
1.Mathematics_______ a very important subject.A.are
B.is
C.were
D.was 2.The news_______ very_______.A.is; excited
B.are; exciting
C.is; exciting
D.are; excited
参考答案：BC
(4)复数主语与each连用时，作为同位语时，应不受each的影响，谓语动词仍用复数形式。例如：
The old workers and the young each have their own tools.
each, each„and each„, every„，every„and every„作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例如：Each of us has a tape recorder.
单选：
1.They each_______ a bike.A.have
B.has
C.is having
D.are 2.Each pen and each paper _______in its place.A.are found
B.is found
C.find
D,finds 3.I think every boy and every girl in this cla_______ working hard.A.are
B.have been
C.is
D.being
参考答案：ABC
(5)表示重量、度量、衡量、价值的复数名词作主语，谓语动词常用单数形式。例如：
1) Twenty miles is a long way to walk.
2) Three pints isn’t enough to get me drunk.
单选：
1.Three days_______ a very short time to finish so much work.A.is
B.are
C.have
D.has 2.Twelve inches_______ one foot.A.make
B.makes
C.is making
D.will make
参考答案：AB
(6)国家、单位和书报的名称，作为一个单一的概念，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：
War and Peace is the longest book I’ve read.
单选：
1.The Times_______ a paper of long standing.A.are
B.have
C.is
D.has
2.The United States of America _______ one of the most developed countries in the world.A.is
B.are
C.was
D.were
参考答案：CA
（7）the +形容词作主语时，如主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数形式；如果指的是单个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
1) The blind are taught trades in special schools. 2) The departed was a good friend of his.
单选：
1.In that country, the rich_______ richer and the poor poorer.A.is
B.becomes
C.has come
D.become 2.The young_______ pop music very much.A.enjoys
B.likes
C.enjoy
D.is enjoying
参考答案：DC
3.毗邻一致（就近原则）
(1)由连词or, neither„or, either„or, not only „ also, nor等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数形式按毗邻一致的原则，与贴近它的主语一致。例如：
1) He or you have taken my pen.
2) Either you or he is no telling the truth.
3) Not only the switches but also the old wiring has been changed.
单选：
1.Not only I but also Mary and John_______ interested in that play.A.am
B.is
C.be
D.are 2.Neither your parents nor my uncle_______ me.A.agree with
B.agrees with
C.agree to
D.agrees to 3.Either your parents or your grandfather _______ to attend the meeting tomorrow.A.is
B.are
C.are going
D.have
参考答案：DBA
(2)在there be 的结构中，谓语动词的单复数形式一般也采取就近原则。例如：
1)There is a desk and four benches in the office. 2)There are two chairs and a desk in the office.
单选：
1.There_______ some paper, a dictionary and two notebooks on the desk.A.is
B.are
C.am
D.be 2.There _______ twenty boys and only one girl in the cla.A.is
B.was
C.has
D.are
参考答案：AD
作业：
主谓一致专练
1.You and I __________ of the same age.A.am B.are C.be D.is 2.Three years __________ not a long time.A.is
B.are C.has D.be 3.His family __________ going to have a long journey.A.has B.have C.is D.are 4.Two hours __________ enough for me to finish the work.A.is
B.are C.have D.were 5.It __________ John and Mike who cleaned the claroom.A.are B.were C.was D.has been 6.There __________ a lot of waste paper in his desk.A.has B.is C.are D.have 7.He is one of the children who __________ fond of playing football.A.is
B.are C.was D.were 8.Half of the money __________ mine.A.am B.is C.are D.were 9.Not only I but also Fangfang __________ interested in the film.A.am B.is C.were D.are 10.This pair of glaes __________ me.A.don’t fit B.doesn’t fit C.fits notD.not fit 11.He or I __________ right.A.are B.is C.am D.be 12.No news __________ good news.A.am B.is C.are D.be 13.The police __________ over there.A.am B.is C.are D.be 14.Neither of the students __________ got their test paper.A.have B.has C.is D.are 15.Every student and every teacher __________.A.are going to attend the meeting B.have attend the meeting C.has attended the meeting D.is attended the meeting 16.Half of the workers here __________ under twenty __________.A.is…years
B.are…year old C.is…years old
D.are…years old
17.The number of pages in the dictionary __________ about two thousand.A.are B.has C.have D.is 18.Nothing but six chairs __________ in the room.A.are B.is stayed C.is D.are left 19.Many a student __________ interested in the film.A.is
B.are C.have D.were 20．Everyone in the cla __________ very happy.A.am
B.is C.are D.were
参考答案：主谓一致专练
1.B 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.B 8.B 9.B 10.B 11.C 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.C 16.D 17.D 18.D 19.A
20.B
