初中英语There be句型基本用法注意点
There be句型的基本用法是表示“某地(或某时)存在有某人(或某物),而并非某地(某人、某物或某时)拥有什么东西”,其形式为“There be+代词或名词(短语)+地点/时间状语”。(其实质句式为倒装句)这里there是引导词,没有词义,be是谓语动词,代词或名词(短语)是主语。be要与主语保持人称和数的一致。否定句是在be后加not;一般疑问句是将be放在句首;反意疑问句中的简短问句是由“be(或其否定式)+there”构成。例如:
1.There is a desk and two chairs in the room.(紧挨着be动词的主语是a desk,是单数,故be的形式要用is)
2.There aren\'t two chairs and a desk in the room.(否定句)
3.Is there anything wrong with your ears? (Yes,there is/No,there isn\'t.)
4.There wasn\'t a meeting yesterday, was there?(反意疑问句)
除此之外,还有一个重要句式“有某人在做某事”,要用“There be+sb.+doing sth.+地点/时间状语”。例如:
There are several children swimming in the river.河里有几个孩子在游泳。
不难看出,各种时态的变化是通过be动词的变化来体现的。我们在使用过程中,首要的问题是弄清楚There be与have所表示的意义。There be句型表示“存在”关系,have表示“所属”关系,两者不能混合在一个句子中。 例如:我们要说“明天有一个班会。”
(1) There will have a cla meeting tomorrow.(×)
(2) There is going to/will be a cla meeting tomorrow.(√)
有时候既表示“存在”又表示“所属”时,两种都可以用。
例如:Cla Three have a map of China on the wall.(地图为三班学生所有。)
There is a map of China on the wall in Cla Three.(地图存在于三班。)
由此看来,There will have是错误的搭配方式。
使用There be句型时除了掌握基础知识外,还应注意以下问题:
1.There be句型的考查更多的是将be动词与主语结合在一起进行的,即主谓的一致性。
例如:(1)There is _____ on the floor.
(2)There are _____ on the floor.
选项:A.cat
B.water C.boxes
D.football
1
解析:(1)由is可知主语应是可数名词单数或不可数名词,而A、D项中都缺少冠词a,故选B,同理可知(2)应选C。
2.如果作主语的是一个短语,则常常考查短语中的修饰语。可数名词的复数形式前可以用any, some, few, a few, many或用数词+hundred/thousand/million, hundreds/thousands/millions of, no等修饰;不可数名词可以受any, some, no, little, a little,much等词的修饰。例如: (1)There were_____ students in our school.
A.hundreds
B.eight hundred
C.eight hundreds of (2)There is _____water.You needn\'t get some more.
A.few
B.little
C.much
解析:(1)由数词与名词的搭配关系可知选B,(2)由water可知排除A项,再由后一句意思便知选C。
3.注意不定代词的用法。
(1) 不定代词在句中作主语,谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:There is nothing in the fridge.(2) 不定代词受形容词修饰时要放在形容词前面。例如:There is something interesting in today\'s newspaper.4.There be句型的反意疑问句,要注意陈述部分的形式
如果陈述部分含有little,few,no,nobody,none等否定词时,后面的简短问句中要用肯定形式。例如:There is nobody in the room,is there?
但有的含有否定意义的形容词修饰不定代词时则仍看做肯定句式。例如:There is something unusual in the room,isn\'t there?
5.要注意句子前后意思的一致性。
有的句子单独看其意义时,可能不止一个选项适合于它,但如果联系上下句的意思则只能有一个恰当的选项。 例如:
(1)There is _____ food.You needn\'t buy any.
A.any
B.some
C.no (2) There is _____ food.You have to buy some.
A.any
B.some
C.no
从这两题中的第一个句子来看均可选用some和no,但与后面的句意结合看,答案则是唯一的:(1)B;(2)C。
6.There be句型还有就近一致原则:即be动词的数应与离它最近的一个主语保持一致。 例如:用be动词的适当形式填空
(1) There ___ an apple and three oranges on the table.
(2)___ there three oranges and an apple on the table?
解析:(1)因为该句中an apple才是与be动词接近的主语,而并非an apple and three oranges是句子的主语,故而(1)的答案应为is。
(2) 因为该句中three oranges才是与be动词接近的主语,而并非three oranges and an apple是句子的主语,故而(2)的答案应为Are。
There be句型命题趋向有两个方面:一是进一步加强对知识的理解与运用方面的考查。例如be动词与主语的一致性、名词或代词的修饰语、搭配关系、含否定词的反意疑问句等。二是有可能出现“有某人在做某事”这一句型,即“There be+sb.+doing sth.+地点/时间状语”。另外,还得提醒一下同学们,如果要表达诸如“这里/那里(挺漂亮„„)等”这样的修饰句型,应用“It’s„ here/there.”而不是“Here/there is„”。 中考原题
1.—Oh, there isn\'t enough _____ for us in the lift.
—It doesn\'t matter, let\'s wait for the next.
A.ground
B.floor
C.place
D.room 2.There _____ an English Evening next Tuesday.
A.was
B.will be
C.will have
D.are going to be 3.There _____ a football game in our school.
A.has
B.will have
C.will be 4.There is going to _____ a report _____ Chinese history in our school this evening.
A.have; on
B.be; on
C.have; for
D.be; of 5.There is _____ food here.We\'ll have to buy some.
A.any
B.some
C.no 6.There are _____ days in a week.
A.the seven
B.seventh
C.the seventh
D.seven 7.There are few _____ in the fridge.Let\'s go and buy some peas,carrots and cabbages.A.vegetables
B.fruit
C.meat
D.eggs 8.Look! There are some _____ on the floor.
A.child
B.water
C.boxes
D.girl 9.There were two _____ people at yesterday\'s meeting.
A.hundreds
B.hundreds of
C.hundred 10.The letter from my uncle was short.There wasn\'t _____ news.
A.many
B.a few
C.much
D.few
参考答案:1—5 D B C B C
6—10 D A C C C