English Grammar: Doing Teaching aims: 1.to enable students be aware of the usage of DOING.
2.to make students distinguish its different usage.
3.to make students be more confident.Teaching methods: Example and Explanation Teaching time: 40 mins Teaching steps:
语法一：现在分词做状语
现在分词（动词的ing 形式）做状语时，通常都表示主语正在进行的另一动作，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，且必须与句子的主语是逻辑上的主谓关系；动词的ing形式表示的动作是次要动作。现在分词可以做时间，条件，结果，让步，方式等状语。相当于相应的状语从句。作时间，原因或条件时，通常位于主句前面，作方式，伴随或结果状语时，通常位于主句后面。如果分词所表示的动作和谓语的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生，用现在分词的一般式。如果分词动作明显在谓语动词之前发生，用现在分词的完成式。（having done）,在作时间状语的分词前，可加连词while, when，介词after, before, on等。 一.做伴随状语：分词等于and连接两个动词或分句。
1： The dog came in.It followed its master.=The dog came in, following its master. 2：The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily. 3：They stood there for an hour, watching the game.
二.原因状语相当于as, since, because等引起的原因状语从句，常位于句首,句中或句末。
1.He was a brave man.He decided to return to France.= Being a brave man, he decided to return to France.
2：Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.3：Not knowing her addre, we couldn‟t get in touch with her.
4：Being so poor in those days, we couldn‟t afford to send the boy to hospital.5．Having worked among the peasants for many years, he knew them very well.6. Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter.三.时间状语，相当于when, while ,as 等引导的时间状语从句，常位于句首或句末。
1： First he returned to France.Then he was put into prison.=After he returned to France, he was put into prison.=Having returned to France, he was put into prison.
2： Having arrived at the factory, they immediately set to work.Be careful when croing the street.3： Don‟t mention this while talking to him.4： On arriving in London, he managed to get in touch with her.=As soon as he arrived in London.5: Having read the letter, she got very excited.四.条件状语，相当于一个if 等引导的条件状语从句，常位于句首。 1： Working hard, you will succeed.
2.If I know anything about it, I will tell you all.=Knowing anything about it, I will tell you all.3.-I could go and get someone to bring the car.-No, thanks.I‟ll be better if walking 五： 结果状语现在分词表示必然结果，前可加thus,不定式表意外的结果，前可加only。 1：Her husband died in 1942, leaving her with five children. 2：The bus was held up by snowstorm, thus causing the delay.3： He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch cold.六：让步状语：相当于although, though, even if, even though引起的让步状语从句,常位于句首。
1.Although he had bought a lot of books for the exam, he failed in it because of the learning method.=Buying a lot of books for the exam, he failed in it because of the learning method.2.Though they knew all this, they made me pay for the damage.=knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.七.方式状语分词等于介词with引起的方式状语 或and并列的两个谓语动词.1.Walking slowly,I approached （靠近）the little = By walking slowly, I approached the little window.window.
2.He stood leaning against（靠在..上） the wall.=He stood and leaned against the wall.八：现在分词的完成式指分词所表示的动作发生在主句中谓语动词之前，若分词所表示的动作与主语之间是主谓关系，则用having done, 若是动宾（被动）关系，则用having been done.1；Having worked in the country for three years, he knew how to grow vegetables.2: Having been translated into several languages, the book became famous all over the world.3:Having finished his homework, he went to bed.4: Having lived in New York for years, I know each part of it very well.九：现在分词独立成分的特殊使用：generally speaking:一般来讲，frankly speaking : 坦白地说。exactly speaking,严密地讲， 正确地说。 judging from / by…,从….可以判断出来。 considering ….考虑到…
1: Generally speaking, girls are more interested in literature than boys.2: Judging from her accent, she must come from Arabian countries.十：现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。
现在分词与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。
(1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。
1.He went out shutting the door behind him.他出去后将门随手关上。
2.Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。
(2）过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系.1.Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them. 在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。
2.Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. 语法二：动词不定式和动名词做宾语的区别。 一：．通常只能接不定式作宾语的动词：
agree (同意)； offer (提出)； intend， plan (打算，计划)； demand， ask (要求)； promise (答应)； help (帮忙)； prepare (准备)； decide (决定)； refuse (拒绝)；
choose (选择,决定)； wish，hope，want， expect (希望，想要)； fail （不能；忘记）； pretend (假装)； manage (设法)； determine （决心）afford（买得起，但付得起），arrange(安排，准备)，aim(以..为目标，目的)，beg(恳求，祈求)，claim(声称)，happen(碰巧，恰巧发生了某事)，seem, hesitate(犹豫不决)。
同意提出做计划，要求答应来帮忙。 准备决定遭拒绝，敢于选择有希望。
不能做到莫假装，设法做成决心假。 恳求安排买得起。恰巧似乎声称目的不犹豫。 1: He agreed to apologize to me.2.She offered to help me.3.We intend to get in touch with you through Email.4.He demands to be prized.5.She pretended not to see me when I came in. 6.She demands to live alone.7.He promised to keep in touch with me.8.My sister helped me to finish / finish my homework.9.He prepared himself to accept failure.10.He decide to tidy my house.11.The hoste refused to invite her.12.He failed to pa the examination through carelene.13.He chose not to go home until later.14.She expects to fail the exam.15.The cat manages to pat something invisible.16.They claim to have discovered a cure for the disease.17.We happened to be in the neighbourhood.18.He hesitated to take such a big risk.19.He seems (to be) quite happy.二; 通常只能接动名词做宾语的动词：
admit,consider,suggest/advise，承认考虑建议 avoid,delay/ put off,practise避免推迟练习allow/permit,finish,appreciate允许完成感激 forbid,mind,imagine禁止介意想象
escape, quit/give up,enjoy逃避放弃喜欢 deny, risk, mi否认冒险错过
can‟t help, look forward to,禁不住盼望反对
stick to, lead to, ，can‟t stand,be accustomed to/ get/be used to,pay attention to坚持导致忍受习惯
1.I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.She admitted having done wrong.2.I consider reading this series of books written by Luxun.3.The teacher suggested not violating clamates‟ personal matters.4.He advises coming up to here..5.He always avoids talking to me.6.He delays / put off give a large amount of moner to me.7.We are practicing writing letters.8.We permit / allow you writing here.9.I have finished reading this book.10.The doctor forbids him smoking and drinking.11.Would you mind my opening the window? 12.Can you imagine him becoming famous as an actor? 13.He always escapes coming bake home.14.My father has quit smoking 15.Do you enjoy teaching? 16.He denied having seen these watches before.17.He risked getting caught in a storm yesterday.他昨天冒遭遇风暴之险。 18.I mi to seeing her.19.Hearing this good news, I can‟t help laughing.20.I am looking forward to hearing from you.21.He always sticks to finishing his homework alone.22.In given conditions, a bad thing can lead to good results.23.I can‟t stand getting on very well with her.24.I am / get used to teaching you.25.Wherever we are, we must pay attention to behaving well.三：动名词的复合结构有四种形式：①形容词性物主代词＋动名词；②名词's＋动名词；③代词宾格＋动名词；④名词＋动名词。动名词的复合结构可在句中作主语或宾语。作主语时，不能用③、④两种形式；无生命名词不能用第②种形式，无论是作主语还是作宾语。动名词的复合结构，实际上是给动名词加了一个逻辑主语。Sb / sb‟s (人称代词的宾格或形容词性物主代词)doing sth.1.Do you mind me / my opening the window? 2.His／Jack's not getting to the station on time made all of us worried．他／杰克没准时到火车站使得我们大家都很担心。
3.Do you mind my／me／Jack's ／Jack leaving now ？ 我／杰克现在离开你介意吗？
4.I insist on both of them coming in time.我坚持要他们两人准时来。
四： 在动词allow/ permit, advise, forbid, 等后直接跟动名词形式做宾语，如果后面有名词或代词做宾语，其后用动词不定式做宾语补足语，构成复合结构。V +sb + to do sth `1.We allow smoking only in restricted 指定的areas.2： Allow me to introduce Mi Green.3: She advised me to wear my best clothes.4: Do you permit your children to smoke? 五：有些动词后面可以跟v-ing也可以接to do.(1) 动词start,begin,continue,后接动词不定式或动名词做宾语意义基本相同，只是书面语中多接动名词，口语中多接不定式。
Eg: ① Tom began to learn / learning how to use a computer.② He continued to walk / walking along the river side.Begin 和 start 在下列情况下一般接动词不定式。 1：begin .start 本身用进行时时。
Eg: I was beginning to get angry.2； 主语是物而不是人时。
Eg: The ice began to melt.3； 在begin , start后接
know, understand, realize,等表示感情，思维，和意念这类动词时， Eg； I began to understand the truth.
(2)：动词like,love,hate,prefer 后接动名词或不定式做宾语意义区别不大，但表示经常性，或习惯性的行为时用动名词，表示具体的行为时用不定式。 Eg: I like swimming, but I don‟t like to swim this afternoon.
(3)意义区别比较大的。既能接不定式，又能接动词-ing 形式，但意思不同的动词或词组： 即“四„记‟”“力争”“不后悔”。四“记”指“记得、记住（remember）”；“忘记（forget）”“计划、打算（mean）”；“继续（go on)”；力争指“try”；“不”“后悔”指stop与regret。 1． remember to do sth 提醒别忘做某事
remember doing sth 记得做过某事（说话的时候动作已经完成）
Eg: ①
Don‟t you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
②
You must remember to leave tomorrow．你可要记着是明天动身。 ③— Remember to return the bat to me.— But I remember having returned it to you. 2． forget to do sth 忘记要去做某事 forget doing sth 忘记已经做过某事
Eg :What a poor memory! I forgot borrowing money from him yesterday.But today I forgot to return the money to him again.
3． regret to do sth 很遗憾去做某事（动作还没有发生）
regret doing sth 后悔做过某事（动作已经发生）
Eg : ① I don‟t regret telling her what I thought．我不后悔给她讲过我的想法。(已讲过)
② I regret to have to do this，but I have no choice．我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没办法。(未做但要做)
③ I regretted to tell him that he had been fired.To my surprise, he said to me, “I am not sad; I only regret having taken the wrong job.”
4． stop to do sth 停下原来做的事去做另一件事情。 stop doing sth停止正在做的事情。
Eg:When the teacher said angrily, “Stop talking, children”, the pupils stopped to write their compositions.作文
5.try to do sth 努力做某事（尽力做某事但不一定能成功） try doing sth 试着做某事
Eg: ①You must try to be more careful．你可要多加小心。
② Let‟s try doing the work some other way．让我们试一试用另外一种办法来做这工作。 ③The doctor tried to cure the woman of her illne, so he tried treating her with a new medicine.6.go on to do sth （做完一件事）继而去做另外一件事情。 go on doing sth 继续（原先没有做完的事情）。
Eg:The teacher asked us to go on reading the text instead of going on to do the exercises. 7.mean to do sth 打算，想做某事。
mean doing sth 意味着做某事。
Eg: ① I didn‟t mean to hurt your feeling．我没想要伤害你的感情。
②This illne will mean(your)going to hospital．得了这种病(你)就要进医院。
(4).动词want,need,require以物作主语做需要讲时，其后的宾语用主动式表被动含义或用不定式的被动式。
Eg: 1.Your clothes needs washing (=to be washed).2.The young trees require looking after (=to be looked after).3.The problem wants thinking over仔细考虑 (=to be thought over).(5).be worth doing sth = be worthy to be done= be worthy of being done.值得做某事
Eg: The place is worth visiting.= The place is worthy of being visited.= The place is worthy to be visited.= The place is worthy of a visit.
Leon 4 《What are you doing》教学设计
what are you doing？第六课时教学设计（材料）
