SLM Corporation, Sallie Mae: 美国学生贷款市场营销学会 GSE: government sponsored enterprise Fannie Mae Federal National Mortgage Aociation 联邦国民抵押贷款协会 Freddie Mac
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation 联邦住房抵押贷款公司
Farmer Mac
Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation 联邦农业抵押贷款公司
Ginnie Mae
Government National Mortgage Aociation 政府国民抵押贷款协会
naught/nought naught point five all for nought
徒劳无用
bring to nought
使落空/化为乌有
come to nought
毫无结果, 一事无成
三权分立
The constitution divides the power of the government into three branches: The Executive The Legislative The Judicial Legislative: Congre the House of Senate
the House of Representatives Judicial: Supreme Court Chief Justice of the United States: John Roberts
At the inauguration, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court swore in the new President. 在总统就职仪式上,联邦最高法院总检察长主持了新总统宣誓就职。 Shameful It was shameful of them to surrender.
他们投降是可耻的。
无颜见江东父老。
Be too ashamed/shameful to go back to one’s people after a defeat or a failure. 10 Downing Street / 11 Downing Street The White House/the Oval Office/ Camp David Elysee Palace The Blue House Greater London: 大伦敦
City of London伦敦市
32 London boroughs 伦敦自治市 Metropolitan county:都市郡 Metropolitan borough：都市自治市 Metropolitan district：都会区
The United Kingdom is a unitary, not a federal state. Parliament : the Sovereign; the House of Lords; the House of Commons Labor Party: ruling party
cabinet Conservative Party: opposition
shadow cabinet London Heathrow Airport伦敦希思罗机场 Charles de Gaulle Airport戴高乐机场
Frankfort International Airport法兰克福国际机场 Aristotle亚里士多德
Peripateticism Plato is dear to me, but dearer still is truth. Plato
柏拉图
A good beginning is half done. Socrates苏格拉底 Xanthippe 粘西比
Conundrum
谜语，伤脑筋的问题
An iue that is a real conundrum for the experts
使专家们大伤脑筋的问题
Problem/ enigma/ mystery/ perplexity/ puzzle Lay/put a finger on If you lay a finger on that boy, I will never forgive you. Lay/put one’s finger on
I can’t quite put my finger on the flaw in her argument.
我看不出她的论点有何不妥． lend itself to
适用于(便于…)
Any system of taxation lends itself to manipulation by clever or unscrupulous men. 任何税收制度都有可能被那些狡猾诡诈的人或无耻之徒钻空子。 lend oneself to
同意参与不良行动
I will not lend myself to dishonest schemes. 我不愿参与不光彩的阴谋。
context
上下文;文章脉络
You can often tell the meaning of a word from its context.
我们往往可以从一个字的上下文知道它的意思。
(事件的)来龙去脉,环境，背景
Crime has to be studied in its social contexts.
犯罪活动得联系其社会背景来研究。
中国已经发展成为一个全球极富吸引力的大市场．
China has evolved into an extremely attractive and big market in the global context. convention
(正式)会议,(定期)大会
The Republican national convention was held in Houston. 共和党全国代表大会在休斯顿举行。
(国际性)公约，协定
the Geneva Conventions 日内瓦公约
惯例,习俗;常规
It is silly to be a slave to social conventions.
对社会习俗盲从是愚蠢的。
We are scornful of the forces of convention. 我们藐视习惯势力。
dilemma
困境,进退两难
Mary is facing the dilemma of obeying her father or marrying the man she loves.
是服从父亲还是嫁给自己所爱的人是玛丽面临着的难题。
hot potato
难题(棘手的问题)／讨厌的事物 He said he would drop her like a hot potato.
他说他会把她像烫手的东西一样迫不及待地扔掉。
The racial discrimination iue is a political hot potato.
种族歧视问题是政治上的棘手问题. a hot potato／a big potato／a cold potato／a potato head 一个棘手的问题／大人物／冷漠的人／笨蛋 大人物: big cheese，big shot，big gun，big wheel Somebody He thinks he’s really somebody.他自以为很了不起．
历史小说 武侠小说 科幻小说 恐怖小说 侦探小说 言情小说 民间故事 伤感故事 荒诞故事 惊忪故事 鬼故事 传奇 Poetry Fable Aesop’s Fable Epic Satire Editorial Autobiography Analects commit 1.犯(罪),做(错事等) I committed an error in handling the busine. 我在处理这一业务时犯了一个错误。 Commit suicide/murder 2.使承担义务;使作出保证;使表态[(+to)] He didn\'t commit himself to anything. 他没有作任何承诺。
3.把...交托给;把...提交给;把...付诸[(+to)] The child was committed to the nurse\'s care. 孩子被交给护士照顾。
4.把...押交;把...判处[(+to)] The judge committed him to ten years\' imprisonment. 法官判处他十年徒刑。
5.拨出,指定...用于[(+to)] The company committed most of its profits to building new factories. 公司拨出大部分利润建造新工厂。
到2007年，上海市人均国内生产总值预计将达到7500美元． The per capita GDP in Shanghai is expected to reach US$7500 by 2007. 这一目标的实现，最直接的应该是老百姓住的更宽敞更舒适了．
The common people should benefit most directly from the attainment of this goal.They will live more comfortably in bigger space.The common people will benefit directly from the attainment of this goal in that they will live more comfortably in bigger space 因为从市民的“衣、食、住、行”消费来讲，住房是一个重要因素，而且占了大头．
Among the basic neceities of life--food, clothing, shelter and transportation--housing is an important element, accounting for a big proportion in the money they spend. 届时，上海人均住房面积会大幅增加．除此之外，老百姓的服务性消费，如教育、信息、旅游等消费也大量增长．
By that time, the per capita living space in Shanghai will increase by a big margin, In addition, the common people’s spending on such services as education, information and traveling will grow substantially. 用一句话来表述，那便是未来老百姓的生活会更好，那时老百姓的生活将和中等发达国家的居民一样．
To put it in a nutshell, in the future, the common people will live a better life, a life of the same standard as enjoyed by those in the middle-ranking developed countries. 花旗银行 National City Bank of New York 摩根大通
JPMorgan 美国银行 Bank of America 美联银 Wachovia 富国银行 Wells Fargo
增词
常用的汉语名词有：方法、结果、技术、现象、作用、局势、状态、工作、情绪、系统等 Measurement 测量方法／结果 Management 管理工作／部门 Solution 解决方法／方案 Advantage 有利地位／条件 persuasion说服工作 Preparation 准备工作 Tension紧张局势 Arrogance自满情绪 Madne疯狂行为
Economic slowdown/ slump/ receion/ depreion/ meltdown Literally 1.逐字地,照字面地;正确地
translate a paage literally
逐字直译一段文章
2.实在地,不加夸张地,简直
Cheap energy, specifically cheap oil, quite literally fueled this record economic expansion.
廉价的能源，特别是廉价的石油，确实促成了空前的经济高涨。 Outnumber: to surpa/ exceed/ outstrip
To be in love is to surpa oneself.
恋爱就是施展浑身解数。
It is expected to exceed the bullet train when it enters service. A gentleman takes it as a disgrace to let his words outstrip his deeds.
君子耻其言而过其行. in exce of
The students bowed their heads on their knees in exce of joy.
学生们乐得直不起腰来。 三资企业 : 中外合资经营企业 Sino-foreign joint ventures 中外合作经营企业
cooperative busine 外资企业
exclusively foreign-owned enterprises 主要的国际股票指数: 道.琼斯指数
Dow Jones index 标准普尔指数
Standard and Poor\'s Index 纽约证券交易所股票价格指数 New York Stock Exchange Composite Index 英国金融时报股票价格指数
Financial Times Stock Indices 日经股票价格指数
Nikkei stock price index 香港恒生指数The Hang Seng Index 世界银行 World Bank 国际清算银行Bank for International Settlement, BIS 国际货币基金组织
International Monetary Fund (IMF) 世贸组织
World Trade Organization (WTO) 亚太经合组织
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) 亚洲发展银行
Asian Development Bank (ADB) 汇丰银行 天文学astronomy 水星 Mercury金星 Venus火星 Mars木星 Jupiter土星 Saturn 天王星 Uranus海王星 Neptune冥王星 Pluto Giant: 1.(力量,智力超群的)伟人
Shakespeare is a literary giant.莎士比亚是一位大文豪。
Bajin is a literary giant.巴金是一位文坛巨匠。
2.巨物;巨大的动物(或植物) That company is a giant in the electronics industry. 那家公司在电子工业中实力最强。 The lofty pagoda stands like a giant at the top of the mountain.巍巍宝塔屹立在山巅。
3.巨人般的;巨大的
The giant panda has become an endangered species.大熊猫已成了一种濒临灭绝的动物。
小熊猫Leer panda Mekong giant catfish 湄公河巨型鲶鱼 De- 离开，去除 eg> debone/detrain 向下 decline/ depreciate 完全 defunct/ denude 减少降低 devalue genre 题材(指文学),类型(指影视,如动作片,恐怖片) deluxe 豪华的
salon 沙龙 elite 精英分子
resume 简历
fiancé 未婚夫 chic 时髦的
cuisine 烹饪
chef 厨师 naive 天真的
souvenir 纪念品
avant-garde 先锋
entrepreneur 企业家
Latitude/ longitude Nothing makes the earth seem so spacious as to have friend at a distance; they make latitude and longitude.
没有一件事情比得上有朋在远方更使这地球显得如此广大的了；他们构成纬度，也构成经度。
Latitude: (言语、行动等的)回旋余地,自由
The bo gave me considerable latitude in this matter. 在处理这件事上老板给了我很大自由。 School rules allow the individual little latitude.
校规不容许个人恣意任行。
1.more than 后跟形容词、副词、分词、动词、名词， 起强调作用，指 more than 后的形容词、副词、分词、动词、名词的分量不足以反应实际情况而加以说明． 汉语意思是：“十分，非常，岂止，简直，不仅仅，绰绰有余”。
She was dreed more than simply.她穿着太朴素了。
Being a good listener means much more than just listening with ears.做一个好的听者不仅仅意味着“用耳朵听”。
He is more than a gentleman.他太绅士了．
Our population has more than doubled since World War Ⅱ.(0409)我们的人口增长了一倍多． Americans have come to expect a lot of their presidents, more perhaps than any man can deliver.(0503) 在美国，人们对总统所抱有的期望也许超越了任何人的能力所及．
2.le than 后面接形容词、副词时，意为“很少；不到”，具有否定意义。
We were busy and le than delighted to have company that day.
那天我们很忙，不高兴有客人来。
More A than B 有时也可用来指一个人物本身的两种特性，这时其意义和 rather than 相同. 汉语意思是“与其说B不如说A”，“是A而不是B”。例如： He is more diligent than clever.与其说他聪明，不如说他勤奋。 He is more brawn than brain.他有勇无谋． Le A than B
Yet as we look back at our presidents, we see them le as partisan politicians than as national leaders.(0503) 不过我们回顾历史，就会发现历届总统在我们的心目中不只是某个党派的政客，而更是民族的领袖
Still le, much le更谈不上．．．
It is not an alliance, neither is it a confrontational relationship and still le is it directed against any third country or party.它既不结盟也不对抗，更不针对第三国． 3.no+ 比较级 一点也没．．．
She is no better after taking pills.她吃了药，但一点也没好转． He is no le active than he used to be. 他和以前一样活跃。
This is random shooting instead of aiming one’s arrow at the target.这不是有的放矢，而是无的放失． Given 1.Prep. given = if you consider 如果考虑到
given that/ given the fact that 鉴于、考虑到，如果…… Given their inexperience, they\'ve done a good job.
Given that they are inexperienced, they\'ve done a good job.在缺乏经验的情况下,他们的这个工作已经算做得不错了.
Given that majority of the data revenues now comes from non-meaging applications, we remain bullish on the US wirele data market.考虑到现在大部分数据收入来自非信息的应用和服务，并且这些服务的用户渗透率正在进入拐角区，我们对美国无线数据市场依然乐观。
2.adj specified; fixed:指定的，确定的
We will meet at a given time and location.我们将在指定的时间和地点见面。 Granted as a supposition; acknowledged or aumed:假设的，假定的，
Given the condition of the engine, it is a wonder that it even starts. 倘若这发动机能动的话，真是不可思议。
Having a tendency; inclined:有倾向的，易于的 (to)
My neighbor is given to lavish spending.我的邻居爱乱花钱．
She is much given to the outbursts of temper.她老爱发脾气．
give-and-take 1.互谅互让;妥协
2.交谈,意见交换
My fellow presidents and honored guests, today I’d like to make a give-and take on university education.
达到
to reach (a figure) to achieve an objective to get up to; to attain to; to gain; to arrive at; to come to 中国改革开放以来，国民经济年均增长速度达到9.7%．Since China’s reform and opening up, its annual average growth rate of national economy has reached 9.7%.
China’s national economy has attained an annual average growth rate of 9.7% since the implementation of the reform and opening up policy.到这次新闻发布时，贸易量已达到最低点。
At the time of this news release, trading had reached its lowest point.一达到适当的年龄，孩子们就被鼓励，而不是被强迫，\"离开老窝\"。
Upon reaching an appropriate age, children are encouraged, but not forced, to \"leave the nest\" .为了达到这个目标，我们必须正式记录这些期望。
In order to accomplish/attain this, we must formally record these expectations.我们必须牢记，任务只是达到结果的手段，目标自身才是最终的结果。
Remember, tasks are only a means to an end; goals are that end.中国已经发展成为一个全球极富吸引力的大市场．
China has developed into a big market attracting global attention. China has evolved into an extremely attractive and big market in the global context.世界各国和地区不少有远见卓识的企业家，都将目光投向了中国，投向了西部，并从投资活动中获得了丰厚的回报． Many far-sighted entrepreneurs from various countries and regions of the world have focused their attention on China, in particular, its western regions and have reaped good returns from their investment activities.中国加入世贸组织后，外商参与中国西部开发的机会将越来越多．
After China’s entry into WTO, foreign businemen will be acceible to increasing opportunities to participate in the development of China’s western regions.西部大开发一定能够成为沟通世界各国和中国的一座桥梁，促进中国和世界经济共同发展，共同繁荣．
The Great Western Development is bound to be a bridge between China and the rest world, promoting the common economic development and prosperity of China and the world at large. 正向强化
加强合作／促进发展／增加机会 深化改革／推动贸易
strengthen cooperation／ promote development／increase opportunities deepen reform／ facilitate trade 万能动词 further 共同: common; joint; mutual; collective 我相信这项措施将有助于我们共同的利益和名誉。 I believe the measure would contribute to our mutual benefit and reputation. 商谈共同关心的问题 negotiate matters of mutual concern 他们通过共同努力总算按时完成了计划。
They managed to complete the project on time by their joint efforts. 缺乏共同语言很难（相互）联系.
The lack of a common language made it very difficult to intercommunicate (with each other).
speak the same language 中华民族历来珍惜和平．
The Chinese people have always been cherishing freedom and peace. The Chinese people always cherish freedom and peace. The Chinese people are always cherishing freedom and peace. 中国的崛起，是和平的崛起，是依靠自己力量来发展自己． The rise of China is peaceful.It relies on itself for its development. China’s rise, which is achieved through its own efforts, symbolizes that peace has risen to the dominating position.
“是” : constitute/represent/form/prove ……已是世界文化遗产之一
...has been included in the World Cultural Heritage List 旅游一直是人们增长知识、丰富阅历、强健体魄的美好追求。
Tourism has demonstrated the happy wish for more knowledge, varied experience and good health.
21世纪头20年，是中国全面建设小康社会、加快推进社会主义现代化的重要战略机遇期，也是中国旅游业发展的有利时期。
The first 20 years of the 21st century represents an important strategic period for China to achieve all-round construction of a better-off society and to speed up its socialist modernization. 对外关系中，我们一贯主张以邻为伴、与人为善，同各国发展友好合作关系．
In terms of foreign relations, we are always persisting in building a good-neighborly relationship and partnership with our neighboring countries in order to develop friendly corporation with them. 主张/坚持/提出/倡议/倡导
advocate/ persist in/ favor/ maintain/ hold/ stand for/ put forward/ propose/ stand for/stick to 主张改革
favor reforms/in favor of reforms 主张维护世界和平
stand for the maintenance of world peace 坚持全面的、历史的、发展的观点
persist in the comprehensive, historical and developmental viewpoint 倡导禁止核武器
take the initiative in banning nuclear weapons 中国现在是、今后相当长时间内仍将是一个发展中国家． China was and remains, in quite long time, a developing country. China is and will continue, in quite long time, to be a developing country. China is a developing country and will remain so for many years to come. 中国有13亿人口，这是最大的国情．
China has a population of 1.3 billion, which constitutes the primary national condition 中国国内生产总值已居全球第六位，但人均水平却排在第138位． China’s GDP ranks the sixth in the world while its per capita GDP ranks 138th. 我们还面临不容忽视的失业、贫困和发展不平衡等问题．
We are faced/ confronted with such problems as unemployment, poverty and uneven development, which we cannot afford to ignore.问题
安全问题 security concerns/security iues/security threats 台湾问题Taiwan iue/problem/question 根本问题 basic question 原则问题 matter of principle 你的问题出在他说什么话你都会相信． The trouble with you is that you tend to believe everything he says. 找出问题 locate the fault 扬声器有问题 There is something wrong with the loudspeaker. 我今天谈四个问题 I\'d like to make four points today.1.“在…的…下”
在改革开放的推动下 Thanks to the further push by the opening-up and reform 在中国共产党的领导下Under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party
在盟友的帮助下With its allies\' help 在改革开放政策的带动下Driven by the reform and opening-up policy 2.“方式”: ways/approaches/means/methods/ forms
工作方式work pattern 管理/领导方式
style of management/leadership 各种付款方式various methods of payment 经营方式mode of operation 生活方式way of life/life style/mode of living 方式更加隐蔽，手段更加残忍。Their activities are becoming more secretive, and means more brutal. 用和平谈判的方式解决问题solve a problem by peaceful negotiation 他做什么事都有自己的一套方式。 He has a style of his own in everything.3.“重点”
重点项目
key project 重点工作 focal point of the work 重点发展 put priority on the development of sth 重点推广 make sth the keystone of popularization
重点支持生产区发展粮食生产Support will be focused on increasing production in major grain producing areas.4.“充分发挥/发扬”
充分发挥积极性 give full play to one\'s initiative/bring one\'s initiative into full play 我们应当充分发扬自力更生的精神。We should give full play to the spirit of self-reliance.5.“有利于…”
beneficial/conducive to /advantageous/wholesome/favorable/helpful 中国将扶持有利于高新技术发展的资本市场。
China will help foster capital markets conducive to the development of high-tech industries.6.“携手”: hand in hand/join hands/work jointly/make a concerted effort 中国的科技部门将与国际科技界和全球经济界、商界携手共建新世界的创业平台。
China\'s science and technology sector will work in partnership with the international community of science and technology as well as the economic and busine circles of the world to build up a platform for innovation in the new century.7.“关键”: key/decisive factor/hinge/crux
关键的一年crucial year 关键人物person of importance 到关键时刻when it comes to the crunch 起关键作用play a pivotal role
问题的关键是人们的态度改变了。 The crux of the matter is that attitudes have changed.
现在我们来谈问题的症结所在。 Now we come to the crux of the problem. 双方的谈判已到了关键时期。 The negotiations between the two sides are approaching the crisis.8.“具有”
具有悠久的历史 with a long history 具有高度的责任心poe a high sense of responsibility 具有深远的意义 have a profound historical significance
具有浓郁东方气息 poe a rich oriental flavor 具有丰富的资源boast abundant resources 具有法律义务 under the legal obligation 9.“适应: adapt to/be accustomed to/fit in with 中国地毯业在保持中华民族传统特色的同时，还将在适应国际流行色调上下功夫。
to keep up with international fashions in color and tone
to conform to international fashions in color and tone
to gear to internationally prevalent colors and tones 10.“方针”: policy/guidelines/guiding principle
……寄希望于台湾人民的方针决不改变。
Our guiding principle of placing hope on Taiwan people will remain unchanged.Never change the guiding principle of placing hope on Taiwan people.11.“根据”
根据本条例in accordance/accord with the spirit of this regulations 根据合同使用劳动力use labor on a contract basis 根据具体情况 in the light of the circumstances 根据先例 based on precedents
根据重量 by weight 根据现行中国法律under the existing Chinese law 毫无根据 be utterly groundle 她的怀疑是有充分根据的There is great cause for her suspicion.《泰晤士报》The Times 《每日电讯报》The Daily Telegraph 《卫报》The Guardian
《金融时报》The Financial Times 《每日镜报》Daily Mirror
The Economist《经济学人》 The Lancet《柳叶刀》 The Los Angeles Times《洛杉矶时报》 Washington Post《华盛顿邮报》 The Wall Street Journal《华尔街日报》 The New York Times《纽约时报》
International Herald Tribune 《国际先驱论坛报》
Reuters
世界上公认的五大通讯社 ： AP美联社 UPI合众国际社
AFP法新社
TASS塔斯社
BBC：British Broadcasting Corporation ABC: American Broadcasting Company
CBS :Columbia Broad-casting System NBC : National Broadcasting Company FOX : Fox Broadcasting Corporation TVB : Hong Kong Television Broadcasts John Donne:约翰·多恩,英国诗人
玄学派诗人(Metaphysical poets) The Bible
旧约：Old Testament 新约：New Testament 福音书：Evangel 使徒:Apostle Judas John
Satan
1.Leave sb.the choice of …or…要么…要么（选择类经典句）
年过三十，要么成婚，要么单身。
The age of 30 leaves you the choice of marriage or remaining a bachelor. 2 Be the instrument of sth.引起某事物的人或事（使动类经典句）
他所建立的组织最终使他垮了台。
The organization he had built up eventually became the instrument of his downfall.3.it was the memories of…追溯到…（回忆类经典句）
追溯到1964年东京及1988年汉城举办的奥运会，可能分别被视为日韩两国发展的转折点。 Perhaps it was the memories of the 1964 Tokyo Olympics and the 1988 Seoul Olympics, which were considered turning points in their nation’s development.
4.On the premise/ground/ prerequisite/proposition/hypothesis/ presupposition that
假设类经典句型
中国政府在宣布实行和平统一方针时，是基于一个前提，即当时的台湾当局坚持世界上只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分。
The Chinese proclaimed/ declared to adopt/implement the policy of peaceful reunification on the premise that the then Taiwan authorities maintained that there is only one China in the world and Taiwan in only one part of China.5.be bound to…必定，一定
正义战争必然要战胜侵略战争。
Just wars are bound to triumph over wars of aggreion. 西部大开发一定能成为沟通世界各国和中国的一座桥梁，促进中国和世界经济共同发展，共同繁荣。
The Great Western Development is bound to be a bridge between China and the rest world, promoting the common economic development and prosperity of China and the world at large.6.a matter of sth./doing sth.与…有关的情况或问题（描述类经典句）
处理这些问题全凭经验.Dealing with these problems is all a matter of experience.我对此很认真，这是原则问题。
当然这一点必须优先考虑，这是成败的关键。
7.this is the similar case with/ when这恰如，正如，也会（类比类经典句）
除此以外，老百姓的服务性消费，如教育，信息，旅游等消费也会大量增长。 Besides, this is also the case with the citizen’s expenditure such as education, information, traveling.8.be exemplified by 这一点也证明了…这一点反映在以下事实（举例类经典句）
体力劳动者在任何场合通常都相当自在。收入档次不同的人上同一所学校，这个事实多少说明了这一点。
The manual worker is usually quite at ease in any company.This is partly exemplified by the fact that people of all income groups go together to the same schools. This American desire to keep the children’s world separate from that of the adult is exemplified also by the practice of delaying transmiion of the news to children when their parents have been killed in an accident. 如果父母在事故中丧生，人们总是晚些时候才告诉孩子们，这一点也证实了美国人想把儿童的世界和成人的世界隔离开的愿望。
美国人想把儿童和成人的世界划清界限，这一愿望还反映在以下事实：如果父母在事故中丧生，人们总是设法晚点将消息告诉他们的子女。
9.Constitute （不用于进行式）是，认为（判断类经典句） 我的决定不应该视为先例。 My decision does not constitute a precedent.
这一失败是我们外交上的一次较大的挫折。 The defeat constitutes a major set-back for our diplomacy.中国有13亿人口，这是最大的国情。(0403) 10.Witne/ see 见证（发生类经典句型）
A time or event witnees sth./sb.in a particular situation or doing a particular thing. 过去的 三十年内中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。
The past thirty years have seen/ witneed great changes taken place in China.
