一．名词解释
1． News Structures (illustration,claification,defination)
a.Inverted Pyramid structure 倒金字塔结构 The journalist put the eential and most interesting
elements of his/her story at the beginning with supporting information following in order of diminishing importance.
b.Pyramid Structure 金字塔结构 First comes the information and the minor facts,then,as the story
begins to build, the writer will add more important facts until he reaches the climax.He will withhold the most important information untill the end of the story.
c.Centipede Strusture 多足鼎结构 First state briefly and succingctly what you want to inform ,
then further elaborate on your gist by laying out your article in several segments that enjoy a kind of parallel relationship.
2.News lead (定义，分类，功能，特点)
a.It sets the scene and summarise the main points of the article: who,what, when,where.
b.a direct leadtells readers the most important aspects of the story in a direct and straightforward way, and is often used in hard news.
c.a delayed lead
Entices readers by hinting the content of the story.It is usually found in features and other soft stories that put more emphasis on human interest rather than timeline of an event.
3.News value (illustration)
A.The value of news ：a.time line 时新性b.consequence 重要性c.prominence 显著性d.proximity 邻近性 e.reader interest
B.News types : a.straight news report 纯新闻报道 b.interpretative news report 解释性
c.investigative news report 调查性 d depth report 深度报道 e.feature 特稿
C.Poible elements of news articles: a.Headline b.by-line c.lead d.body e.quote d.photo and caption
4.Inverted Pyramid Structure 倒金字塔结构（定义，特点，原因）
a.Journalist usually describe the organization or structure of a news story as an inverted pyramid.The journalist puts the eential and most interesting elements ofhis/her story at the beginning, with supporting information following in order of diminishing importance.
b.This structure enables readers to stop reading at any point and still come away with the eence of a story.It allows people to explore a topic to only the depth that their curiosity takes them,and without the imposition of details or nuances that they could consider irrelevant,but still making that information available to more interested readers.
This structure also enables articles to be trimmed to any arbitrary length during layout,to fit in the space available.
5.Housing afford ability in the US (a.description b.explanation c.measures)
A.Home ownership remains far out of the reach of typical working people in most market.Meawhile, the increase in foreclosures has come about because sales are very slow in many housing markets and prices are down, leaving troubled borrowers unable to sell in order to repay their mortgage debts.
B.Affordable housing is a general term applied to public-and-private-section efforts to help low-and-moderate-income people,especially first-time home-buyers with a moderate income level, to purchase homes,usually the programs offer lower cash down payments,eased loan-qualifying rules,or below-market interest rates.
C.Local government have few tools at their disposal to creat affordable housing.To often,majors are reduced to offering tax breaks to big developers in exchange for a few token below market rate apartments.
6.The economist ( country,mian corrents,languague style political stance)
a.An English-language weekly,news and international affairs publication edited in the city of Westminster,London.
b.The economist’s primary focus is world news,politics and busine,but it also runs regular sections on science and technolory as well as books and the conts.
c.It targets the highly educated and claims and audience of many influential executives and policy-makers.
d.Articles often take a definite editorial stance and almost never carry a byline.
e.It is a long-standing tradition that an editor’s only signed article during his tenure is written on the occasion of his departure from the position.
7.USA Today (country,main contents,languague style,polical stance unique feature)
a.a national American daily newspaperb.Each edition consists of four section: News Money sports and life, each section is denoted by a certain colourc.It is known for synthesizing news down to easy-to-read and comprehend stories.d.Its overall design and layout has been described as both new-victorian (charactized by a stifling and prudish moral earnestne) and impreionist (characterized by a concern with depicting the xisual impreion of the moment, especially interms of the shifting effect of right and colour).
8.SWB: Subjective well-being (defination, research findings)
a.SWB can represent the degree to which people in a society are achieving the values by exaning such aspects as whether people believe they are living correctly, whetehr they enjoy their lives, and whether others important to their believe they are living well.
b.Among the interesting findng is that an increase in wealth significantly increases SWB, but an increase above the level of subsistence or economic security has little effect on it.
c.Another significant research is that culture serves as a major force shaping the way people conceptualize happine
d.SWB includes a sense of fulfillment and purpose,personal growth as well as pleasure emotions and the absence of unpleasant ones.
二．日常表达
1．Islamic pre to Sue UR TV firmThe Lslamic pre is to sue a UR TV firm.
2.Cars,schools targets of new save oil plan.
Cars and schools have become the targets of a new plan to save oil.
3.Strike threat over pay claim refusal.There is a threat to go on strike due to the refusal of their claim for a rise in pay.
4.Woman kills husband,self.A woman killed her husband and herself.
5.Space research talks proposal.(There is ) A proposal to hold talks in the research of space.
6.Liver pool supermarket bomb scare.The scare was caused by a bomb in a supermarket in Liverpool.
三．写标题
1． 房价飙升，通货膨胀加剧。 Soaring House prices Fuel Inflation.
2． 与粉丝激烈冲突，票房经理让步。 Manager Quits afrer stormy confrontation with Fans.
3． 季度销售额下滑，首席执行官将隐退。 CEO to quit after poor quarterly figures.
4． 内阁首相承诺推行新政以抗失业。 PM Pledges New Deal for Unemployment.
5． 减税意在推动消费。 Tax Aims to boost Spending.
四．导语1.Irap aims inspector named
Hans Blix,the former director general of the international Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna,yesterday w the unaimous choice of the UN Security Council to head the new arms inspection commiion for Irap.endign weeks of wrangling.
Who, what, when.result, simplified as
Hans Blix was chosen to head the new UN arms inspection commiion for Irap.
2．Who.：日本 what ：和美国一起加紧对伊朗实行经济制裁 why： 明显是屈从与来自华盛顿的高压additional information ：尽管德黑兰Teheran威胁要削减石油供应source： 来自政府官方消息 when ：昨天
Tokyo （UPI） ——apparently succumbling to Washington’s high preure,Japan will join the United States in clamping economic sanctions against Iran despite Teheran’s threat to cut off oil supplies, government sources soid yesterday.
五Locate subject and main verb in the following news leads(主语subject，谓语predicate)
1、apart a grain elevator Tuesday, throwing debris up to a mile away, killing five people and injuring at
least 22.
2.CAIRO, Egypt (AP)– convicted of the aaination of President Anwar Sadat early Thursday, hours after a clemency plea was rejected by Hosni Mubarak, Sadat’s succeor.
___
3.LONDON (Reuters)–A crippling transport strike threatened Britain yesterday with food shortages, soaring unemployment and a virtual shutdown of industry._
4.LONDON (Reuters)–former British cabinet minister who faked his death by drowning, was freed from jail on parole yesterday after serving three years for theft, fraud and deception.5.LONDON (Reuters)– The wife of a British surgeon has been sentenced to 80 lashes in public in Saudi Arabia for breaking the country’s strict alcohol laws, the Foreign Office said last night.The wife of a British surgeon has been sentenced
Source:______ result?
六：Having spent the past decade pursuing a transport policy for four wheels rich, two wheels poor, the Chinese government has suddenly rediscovered the environment and health benefits of the bicycle.
The construction ministry announced that any bike lanes that have been narrowed or destroyed to make way for cars in recent years must be returned to their original glory.This followed orders on Tuesday that all civil servants should cycle to work or take public transport to reduce the smog that chokes most streets.
Qiu Baoxing, a vice-minister, said it was important for China to retain its title as the “kingdom of bicycles”, according to a report by the official Xinhua news agency.
4 The reputation was well deserved 25 years ago, when Beijing was famous for its of cyclists.But a quarter-century of breakneck industrial development has transformed the streets of almost every city.China has become with the car, which is seen as a of succe and modernity.
Qiu was quoted as saying the number of vehicles on China’s roads has increased more than twenty-fold since 1978 to 27m.Within 15 years, he predicted, it could rise to more than 130m – which still represents only one car for every 10 people.
In Beijing alone, it is estimated that 1,000 new cars every day are added to an already appalling traffic snarl-up.Until now, urban planners have tried to make room for these economic engines by building thousands of miles of multi-lane roads, often at the expense of bike lanes.
The apparent shift of focus comes at the start of a new five-year economic plan in which the government says its priority is to improve the environment and conserve energy.
1.In paragraph four, which three words are designed to capture the reader’s attention?Swarms, infatuated ,symbol
2.Show two ways in which you can tell, by his use of language, that the writerthe use of bicycle as a means of transport.
①China to retain its title as the “kingdom of bicycles”, according to a report by the official Xinhua news agency.(quote others’ opinion)
②In Beijing alone, it is estimated that 1,000 new cars every day are added to an already appalling traffic snarl-up.(show data about the circumstance )
3.Provide a headline for this article.China--Kingdom of Bicycles
4.Why has the writer included the phrase “the government says” in the last paragraph? He remains uncommitted, and is doubt on the iue.
