考研写作讲义
考试类型: 应用文写作(俗称小作文, 10分, 建议考场15分钟完成, 建议字数在100-120之间最好, 低于75字会扣分, 分值10分)
看图说话作文( 中国特色之”看图大作文”类型, 20分, 建议考场35分钟完成, 建
议字数在200-230之间最好, 低于160会扣分, 分值20分)
攻克重点: 通常讲,所有的国内外高端考试( 国内考研, 国外雅思托福GRE/GMAT, 都是字数
要求多的要写好), 但考研是”双管齐下”, 小作文重在词汇，大作文重在内容和表
达。
评分标准:
1． 一共6个档次，对于坐在这个教室的同学来说只需要关注”四五六”三档,其他的
无意义, 三档会得到14-18分, 四档会得到20-24分, 五档会得到26-30分.
2． 所有的作文考试基本都是从四个角度去考察和评分: 观点, 结构, 论证, 语言,
考研也一样.
3． 针对于具体的评分, 我们把握这么一个顺序: 很好完成任务, 较好完成任务,
基本完成任务.(考研的评分标准依然借鉴的是雅思)
考试内容:
1.小作文包括信件(商务信函和私人信函), 备忘录, 摘要, 报告, 告示.(前两种最
可能考到, 从2005年开始小作文到现在这4年考的均为信件, 其他形式没有出
现过, 05年辞职信, 06年寻找被资助人, 07年建议信, 08年道歉信)
2.大作文主要为图画作文, 这是中国人具有”中国特色”的一部分, 目前两图和一
图均出现过, 具体统计为: 两图写作（9
9、00、0
3、0
6、07）一图写作（9
8、
0
1、0
2、0
4、05）98年母鸡承诺下蛋; 99年人口上升和野生动物灭绝加重; 00
年海上捕鱼95年之对比; 01年爱心是盏灯; 02年文化影响; 03年温室花朵的两
种反应; 04年终点与起点的意义; 05年养老足球赛; 06年贝克汉姆崇拜; 07年个
人自信; 08年一起走南闯北
3.不需在开头写题目.
4.格式选择”齐头空行”或者”每行缩进”均可.
5.语言需要使用书面语，比如 ad—advertisement, TV—television, lab—laboratory,
exam—examination, dorm—dormitory, can’t—can not（疑问句除外）
6.拼写选择美式英语和英式英语均可, 但尽量保持一致, 同时尽量不要出现
chinglish.
应考策略:
1.三表原则
表述要……………………..
表达要………………………
(词, 句, 篇, 语法错误分析)
表演莫………………………..
2.熟悉题型与内容
小作文的类型: 私人信函和商务信函
小作文的内容: 感谢信, 投诉信, 邀请信, 致歉信, 失物招领信, 求职辞职信, 建
议咨询信.(注意现在的”合二为一”趋势)
3.确定结构
无论大小作文, 都需要”总分总”模式.
4.理由分类（后面有英文部分）
1 / 5
A.健康(饮食营养/心情放松/生活习惯/烟酒伤害/生命财产安全)
B.便利(交通/娱乐/吃喝/休闲/购物)
C.交流(技巧提高/家人/朋友/同学/同事/领导/网友)
D.习惯与心理(习惯/兴趣/乐趣/风俗/传统)
E.成就感(成功/荣誉感/自信/财富/动力)
F.环保(生态平衡/从植物保护/环境污染)
G.经济(就业/旅游/收入/税收/投资)
H.品格(自信/有经验/坚韧/上进/独立/负责任/宽容等)
I.教育培训(科技发展/知识增加/职业选择)
J.国家文明( 民族/社会/世界/文明)
5.语言润色（复杂句式的练习）
6.话题预测
热点话题: 房子, 股票, 油价的价格上升
地震给人们心灵和社会带来的影响
奥运会举办的积极意义
网络道德的严重性和法律干涉的必要性
恒久话题: 人际关系(自己与周围的人以及和社会或者政府的关系)
教育问题(素质教育等)
环保(重要性, 改善状况, 严重后果)
文化差异(积极影响或者消极影响)
个人健康(身体健康和心灵健康)
词汇汇总：
健康
Dietary nutrition,饮食营养 mentally-relaxed,心理放松 personal life habits个人生活习惯, hazards caused by drinking and smoking抽烟喝酒所带来的伤害, property security财产安全, life security生命安全
便利
Convenient life方便生活(a wide range of transportation means各式各样的交通方式, entertainment娱乐, amusement娱乐, recreation休闲, shopping购物)
交流
Communication(communicative skills交流技巧, with family members, clamates, colleagues and netizens网民)
习惯和心理
Personal habits个人习惯
Personal mentality/state of mind个人心态
Local custom/habitual activities当地风俗
Personal interest/preference/fondne/keenne个人兴趣和喜好
Family ties/emotional ties/affectionate ties/loving relation/intimate relation家庭关系/情感纽带/亲密关系
Personal likes and dislikes 个人好恶
Sense of achievement 成就感
Succeed/ succeful /succe/succefully成功
Sense of honor荣誉感
Reputation/fame 名望和声望
Privilege特权
Fortune/wealth/property/prosperity财富
Well-off/wealthy/rich/prosperous/better-off有钱的
Poor/badly-off/worse-off/impoverished贫穷的
Confidence/be sure of oneself/hold a strong belief in oneself自信
Motivation/stimulation动机
Mental preure/stre/tension心理压力
Environment/environmental protection/conservation/preservation 环境保护
Hold an environmentally-friendly attitude持有环保态度
Ecological balance生态平衡
The preservation of plantation and animals动植物保护
Endangered species/extinct species/foil濒危物种/灭绝物种/化石
Pollution/contamination (water/air/light/noise/radiation)污染
Acid rain/global warming/decreased level of icecap/greenhouse effects/stagnant air/gases---dioxide nitrogen/sulphur 酸雨/全球变暖/冰帽水平下降/温室效应/污染空气/二氧化氮/二氧化硫/二氧化碳）
Carbon-dioxide)
Economic/economical/financial 经济
Fund-raising activities 募集资金活动
Investment/input of money, material and labor投资/投入钱物力和人力
Save/conserve/conservation of water/land/material/resources节约用水/土地/资料/资源
Tour/trip/journey/travel/tourism/tourism resources have been overly exploited旅游/旅游资源杯过渡开发
/packed tour/self-help tour/tourguide打包游/自助游/导游
Employment rate/unemployment rate 就业率/失业率
Salary/wage/income/revenue/additional income/earnings/收入
Live within/below/beyond one’s means收支平衡/量入为出/入不敷出
Expense/expenditure/the money one expends花费
Taxation税收
Quality: experienced/veteran 素质
Competent/competence有能力
Brilliant/intelligent/quick-witted/quick-minded/bright/people with bright mind聪明
Humorous/a strong sense of humor幽默
Cooperative/a strong sense of cooperation/coordination/competition富有竞争力
Persistent/persevering/strong-willed坚持
Aspiring/aggreive/ambitious上进
Independent/a strong sense of independence/live on my own独立
Responsible/reliable/trustworthy/a sense of responsibility 负责任
Tolerate of/be tolerant of /tolerance宽容
Optimistic/peimistic 乐观/悲观
Modest谦虚
Brave/with courage/heart/daring 勇敢
Kind/warm-hearted/upright/sincere善良
科技
Technology/technological/technician/科技
Technological innovation 科技创新
Education/schooling/upbringing教育/教学/培养
Training 培训
Advance/progre/development发展
Computer science(cyberize, computerize, insecurity and immorality in the cyber world, addiction in online games)电脑科技（网络化，电子化，网络世界的不安全和不道德性，沉迷于网络游戏
Television(commercial, advertisement, couch potato)电视（广告，电视迷）
Satellite/man-made satellite/artificial intelligence)卫星（人造卫星，人工智能）
Robots(physical hazards, a big threat to the human beings because of the poible result of unemployment, free the humans from the laborious work)机器人（身体伤害，由于导致失业而对人类产生的威胁，把人类从辛劳的工作中解救出来）
Knowledge(knowledge accumulation, knowledge upgrading, career selection)知识（知识积累i/知识升级/职业选择）
Job satisfaction, high/low work efficiency)工作满意，高效工作/低效工作）
About: regarding, concerning, involving, as regards, relating to, with reference to, with respect to, with relation to
Very: fairly, considerably, extraordinarily, remarkably, amazingly, extremely, overwhelmingly, strikingly, exceedingly, dramatically关于
小作文可用词汇: (开头目的)
道歉: apologize, make apologetic comments, expre my personal sincere apology, expre my regret, being apologetic/sorry/regretful.
感谢: being grateful/thankful/benedictory for…, thank sb for doing sth, expre my appreciation/gratitude/thanks/acknowledgement
投诉: complain about, make my complaints to you, expre my disappointment/concern/discontentment/complaints with your…, draw the poible attention from the authority
求学: inquire about the admiion to your school, apply for your school, know the detailed procedure of admiion to your school
邀请: write this invitational letter to you, invite you to do …, invite you to participate in …, wish you to accept my invitation to do…
求职: being interested in the job/post/position you offered, write the letter to recommend myself as a qualified candidate for the job you offered, as a new applicant of the job you advertised in China Daily, apply for the vacant position of being a … in your company.
辞职: quit my job, make the resignation, show my final decision of resigning, send in my papers, leave my current position, find another one to replace me
建议: offer/make my sincere advice/suggestion/suggested ideas/proposal/recommendation, inform you of some of suggested ideas, provide you with some reasonable suggestions for you to consider
结尾词:
期待: expect, look forward to doing, wish, hope that/hope to do/hope for, long for, desire for, look towards
收到回信: hear from you, receive your early response, be formally notified, await your reply, wait for your early reply if poible
没有打扰到对方: hope for no inconvenience this might cause, be deeply sorry for the poible trouble, be wholeheartedly indebted to you
尽可能早: as soon as poible, if poible, as early as poible
中间段落的衔接词:
首先,其次, 然后, 最后: firstly, secondly, thirdly; in the first place, in the second place, in the final place; first and foremost, moreover, additionally, furthermore, eventually, last but by no means least; to start with, to end with, on top of that, in addition to that, added to that, besides, finally, lastly.
因果关系: because of/due to/thanks to/owing to/by virtue of/on account of;
Because/for/since/as; as a result/consequence/output;
In consequence/in the end/consequently/accordingly/therefore/thereby/hence/thus 转折关系：however, neverthele, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand
越来越多: more and more; the number of … is growing/increasing/on the rise/on the increase
A growing number/an increasing number/a rising number of/an expanding numberPeople in growing numbers/in increasing numbers/in expanding numbers
越来越少: 对应换词即可
