高中英语短文改错技巧总结
短文改错口诀：动词形，名词数; 注意形和副;非谓动词细辨别;习惯用法要记住; 句子成分多分析; 逻辑错误须关注。
一.动词形
主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如：
My favourite sport is football.I was member of our school football team.(is)
Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library.(are)
上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念，注意短文内容发生或存在的时间，保持时间概念的一致性。
二.名词数
指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如：
…so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject.(subjects)
三.区分形和副
及区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如：
I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together.(wonderful)
Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family.(Unfortunately)
需要注意的是，形容词多用来做定、表、补语等，而副词只能在句子中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time，第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。
四.非谓动词细辨别
这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误，也包括不定式类错误。例如：
…in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football.(interested)
Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also … (playing)
My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure… (to)
上述
二、三例分别是动名词作主语，和不定式作目的状语。一般的，现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义，而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义，不定式有将来时态的含义。
五.习惯用法要记住
主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。 例如：
It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and… (of)
We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves.(of)
六.句子成分多分析
不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。例如：
They ∧eager to know everything about China and… (were)
I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.(which)
第一例漏掉了谓语动词were，这是受寒于习惯的影响而导致的错误;第二例则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副词，不能作主语。
七.逻辑错误须关注
与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误，常是这类错误的考查对象。例如：
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.(their)
First, let me tell you something more about myself.(去掉more)
… no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead.(everyone)
上述第一例中的主语是Smiths(史密斯夫妇俩)，因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more在这儿表“再”的意思，才开始告诉别人，怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”?第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端，“我们”把电视机卖了;晚上没电视看了，所以与从前一样，大家又都读书了，所以该用everyone。
除了上述错误类型外，常考的错误形式还有：连词but, and, or和so的用法错误(可以归类为逻辑错误)，以及冠词的用法错误等。例如：(I)
There are lots of great places in the town which you can eat without 1.______
spending too much because of I'm always short of money! There are also some 2.______
place where it costs a lot, so don't forget to read the menu before going in.3.______
The first place is Gino's.It's an Italian restaurant where serving the usual things 4.______
like pizzas and spaghetti.It's really cheaply and very friendly.Then there's 5.______
Black's Bistro.This is a caféwhich is opened all day and you can eat anything 6.______
there from toast, sandwiches, salads, burgers and full meals.Again it's not 7.______
expensive and is very popular with young people.And finally, how about 8.______
Peppers? Go there if you want some really nourishing Mexican food.Mexica 9.______
food can be bit hot, but you can choose dishes which are milder too.10.______
(II)
It is one thing to land science instruments on Mars; however, it is quite 1.______
another to establish a base for humans to explore planet.Daytime temperatures 2.______
can be rise above freezing, but, because of the extremely thin atmosphere, 3.______
the sun heat radiates back into space.Even at the equator, the temperature 4.______
drops -50℃at night.In fact, there is no ozone(臭氧) layer to keep out 5.______
ultraviolet(紫外线的)radiation, and hardly some oxygen for either breathing 6.______
and burning conventional fuels.But despite all these problems, scientists are 7.______
currently working transport and clothing for Mars and an artificial environment 8.______
in which colonists could live.However, the potential cost make the idea of 9.______
human life on Mars nothing other than a fantastic dream.10.______
[答案与解析]
(I) 1.which→where。where引导定语从句，修饰表地点的先行词town, where在定语从句中作状语。2.去掉of。because后面接从句，而because of后面接短语。3.place→places。此处名词应该用复数形式。4.去掉where。现在分词短语作定语，where多余。5.cheaply→cheap。cheap和friendly是并列的形容词作表语。6.opened→open。open本身即形容词。7.and→to。from…to…构成固定词组。8.本行无错。9.Mexica→Mexican。形容词作定语。10.bit前加a。a bit是固定词组,在句中作状语，修饰hot。
(II) 1.science→scientific。应该用形容词作定语。2.planet前加the。planet前用定冠词，特指Mars。3.去掉be。can rise在本句中表"气温上升"。4.sun→sun's。名词所有格作定语，修饰heat。5.drops后加to。drop to表"下降到"。6.some→any。在表否定意义的副词hardly后面用any, hardly any oxygen意为"几乎没有任何氧气"。7.and→or。此处表选择关系。8.working后加on。work on是固定词组，表"研究"。9.make→makes。本句的主语是名词cost,故谓语动词用单数形式。10.本行无错。
