高中总复习教案---何颖琪
高三英语复习课教案
定语从句 ( The Attributive Clauses) Teaching Aims:（教学目的）
To ask the students to master the usage of Attributive Clauses and use it freely when communicating with each other.Difficulties and Emphasis:（难点和重点）
** How to distinguish the Attributive clauses.
**How to tell the attributive clause from the appositive clause .Teaching Progre :（教学步骤）
Step 1
Introduction
定语从句：修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 如：The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.You must do everything that I do.上面两句中man和everything是被定语从句修饰的词，叫先行词，其后的划线部分为定语从句，其中who和that叫做关系代词。 定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。
先行词： 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
关系词： 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有 that ,which ,who（whom宾格,whose所有格）, as 等；
高中总复习教案---何颖琪
关系副词有when ,where ,why 等。
关系词的作用: 处在先行词和定语从句之间，起着连接主从句，指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。
Step 2.presentation
限制性定语从句
先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。
特点：不用逗号分隔开；作宾语的关系代词常可省略 关系代词
1.指人
who；whom；that Eg:The boy who broke the window is called Tom.（作主语）
He is the person whom you should write to .（作宾语） Who is the man that is reading a book over there?(作主语) The girl （that）we saw yesterday was Jim’s sister.（作宾语） 只用who 不用 that 表示人的三种情况： Anyone who breaks the law will be punished .(先行词为指人的代词，如anyone ,one ,all,none 等) Those who want to go there raise your hand .(先行词为those) There is a young man outside who asks for you .(在there be 结构中) 练习：让学生区分以下两个句子
高中总复习教案---何颖琪
1.He is no longer the naughty boy ( that ) he was ten years ago .他不再是10年前那个调皮的男孩。 （定语从句，先行词the naughty boy）
分析：he主语，was谓语，缺宾语，ten years ago时间状语 2.He is no longer what he was ten years ago .他不再是10年前的他了。（名词性从句，what在从句中作表语，含义是 “…..人”）
*名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 2.指物
that
which
They planted some trees which didn’t need much water.(作主语) The fish （which）we bought this morning were not fresh.（作宾语） A plane is a machine that can fly.（作主语）
The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious.（作宾语）
*只用 that 的5种情况
a .当先行词为 everything,anything,nothing(something 除外) all, none, few, little, some等代词时，或先行词受 every,all,any, some, no, little,few, much 等代词修饰时。 Eg: All that can be done has been done .There is little that I can do for you .Have you taken down everything (that )Mr.Li said ? b.当先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时
高中总复习教案---何颖琪
Eg: The first place that they visited was our school .This is the best film that I have seen .c.当先行词被 the very ,the only 修饰时
Eg: This is the very book that I want to buy .(the very:正是) After the fire in his house , the old car is the only thing that he owns .d.当先行词为人和物时
Eg: Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street .e .当先行词前面有who ,which 等疑问代词时 Eg: Who is the man that is standing by the gate ? Which is the shirt that fits me most ? *只用which 的情况 a .介词+ which 表物
The school in which I studied is very small .b.在非限制性定语从句中
I will study in the school , which is famous for Premier Zhou .
*由关系代词whose引导的定语从句
关系代词Whose为关系代词who的所有格形式，用作名词的限定语，whose引导的定语从句既可为限制性的，也可为非限制性的。先行词既可指人, 也可指物，whose和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中可作主语及动词或介词的宾语。
高中总复习教案---何颖琪
I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country .Iiwent to see my friends, the Smiths, whose children I used to look after when they were small.*注意：指物时， whose=the +名词+of which的用法 The room whose window faces south is mine.He has written a book whose name I’ve forgotten.=He has written a book the name of which I’ve forgotten.=He has written a book that I’ve forgotten the name of.=He has written a book of which I’ve forgotten the name.
介词+关系代词
引导的定语从句
The school in which he once studied is very famous .This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday .*介词+关系代词前还可有 some ,any, none ,all ,both,neither,few等代词或数词。
He loves his parents deeply , both of whom are very kind to him .In the basket there are many apples , some of which have gone bad .关系副词
when :在从句中作时间状语
Where：在从句中作地点状语
Why:在从句中作原因状语，它的先行词只有reason一词，why可转换为for which, 在口语中可用that或省略。
高中总复习教案---何颖琪
练习：比较以下句子（可让学生分析）
1.I never forget the time when/during which we worked on the farm.(在从句中作时间状语) I never forget the days that / which we spent together.（在从句中作宾语）
2.This is the shop where / in which I worked two years ago .This is the shop that /which I visited two years ago .3.The reason why /for which / he was late was that he mied his train.The reason that he gave us is that he fell ill .
非限制性定语从句: 从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。
特点： 用逗号“，”与主句隔开 ；译为并列句；关系词不能省略 ；不用that 引导；不用who 代替 whom His mohter , who loves him very much , is strict with him .China, which was founded in 1949 , is becoming more and more powerful.*as /which 引导非限制性定语从句的情况： 相同点：都可以做主语或宾语，
不同点：as 引导的从句可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后；
高中总复习教案---何颖琪
which引导的从句只能放在主句之后，相当于and this、that、it 。另外，as 常常有“正如，正像”的含义。 Eg: As is known to all , China is a developing country .
He failed in the exam, as we had expected.
He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his succe in his later life.*当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which 。
Eg: Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry .*当先行词受the same 或such 修饰时， 关系词一般用as This is such a difficult problem as nobody can solve .I have got into the same trouble as he (has).*way 表方式时定语从句用 in which来引导，也可用that或省略，绝对不能用how.This is the way (in which/that )I did it.
Step 3 explanation 定语从句与同位语从句的区别
定语从句的先行词通过关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时常可省略。 同位语从句修饰的词在从句中不担当成分，通常用that 引导，that 不能省略，同位语从
高中总复习教案---何颖琪
句也由 where ,when ,who , how ,whether ,what 等连词引导 。 Eg: The news (that /which) he told me is true .(定语从句) The news that he has just died is true .(同位语从句) The problem (that/which )we are facing now is how we can collect so much money .(定语从句) The problim where /how/whether we can collect so much money is difficult to solve .(同位语从句) The question (that /which) he raised puzzled all of us .(定语从句) The question whether he is sure to win the game is hard to answer .(同位语从句)
Step 4
Practice 堂上练习
改错
1.This is the school where I visited yesterday .(Where改为which) 2.I’ll never forget the days when we spent together.(when改为which) 3.Is there anything which I can do for you ? (which改为that,因为先行词为anything)
4.The book , which cover is broken , is not mine .(which改为of which/whose)
高中总复习教案---何颖琪
5.There was nobody to who I could turn for help .(who改为whom) 6.The pen with that I wrote to you is on the desk .(that改为which) 7.Who is the man who is talkig to you ? ( 第二个who改为that,属先行词前有who) 8.That’s all what I want to say .(what改为that) 9.He didn’t pa the eaxm , it is a pity .(it改为which,非限制性定语从句) 10.The man I met him in the street is my bo .(句子改为The man whom I met in the street is my bo.)
Homework
Do some exercises and go over the usage of the Attributive Clauses .
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