形合和意合
1.昨天看电影我没有买到好票。
I did not buy good seat for movie last day.2.这个车间既做来料加工，又做来样加工。
This workshop procees raw material on client’s demand and procees according to investor’s sample as well.3.她在中国留学服务中心工作。
She works at Chinese service center for Scholarly Exchange.4.烤烟，苹果，羊毛和甘薯是延安的四大农产品，年产量3.12亿元，占农业总产值的52.5%。
Cured tobacco, apples, wool and sweet potatoes are the four main agricultural products in Yan’an, their output values at 312 million yuan RMB, according for 5.2% of its total agricultural output values.5.可以预言，钛材在飞机或各种飞行器上的应用将会与日俱增，并且在其他工业中的应用也会扩大。 It can be prophesied that titanium materials will be used increasing in aerospace and in other industries.6.If rise of blood preure occurs with some other disease, it is called secondary hypertension.某种与其他疾病伴发的高血压，称为继发性高血压
7.Change of information, if any, concerning the contents of this section will be found in the appendix at the end of this book.本节内容如有更改，均见本书末附录。
8.一种微生物能够破坏另一种微生物，这种现象最早是巴斯德发现的，他指出这可以用到医疗上去。
That a microganism is capable of destroying one of anther species was first discovered by Pasteur, who pointed out that can be used to the therapeutic use.
英汉句子中心的差异
1.他们培育出的细胞看上去像胚胎干细胞，这的确令人惊讶。
It’s truly amazing that they can produce cells that look like embryoric stem cells.2.1968年12月阿波罗8号宇宙飞船上那些想家的宇航员们在太空拍下了整个地球的彩照，此后在1970年4月很快就出现了第一个地球日，这绝非是历史的偶然。
It’s no accident of history that the first Earth Day in April 1970 came so soon after the color photograghs of the whole earth from space were made by homesick astronauts on the Apollo 8 miion to the moon December 1968.3.你们已经取得了进步，对此我毫不怀疑。
There has been no doubt in my mind of the progre which you have achieved.4.由于贵国政府的提议，才得以这样快的重新实现访问，这使我感到特别高兴。
I was all the more delighted when as a result of the initiative of your government, it proved poible to reinstate the visit so quickly.5.由于现代世界的发展和近年来在单门学科狭窄前沿上的研究进展，出现一些极其复杂的难题，单凭一两人的力量是无法对它们进行透彻研究的。
One cannot properly investigate the incredibly complex problems thrown up by the modern world and by recent development in our knowledge along the narrow front of a single discipline.6.这种小型热带鱼由于具有自行修复受损和患病的眼部细胞的独特能力，长期以来一直为科学家所关注。 The tiny tropical fish has long interested scientists because of its unique ability to repair damaged and diseased cells in their own eyes.7.不努力就不会成功。
One can never succeed without making great efforts.
8.想到要出国深造，他激动不已。
He felt greatly excited at the thought of going abroad for further study.9.如蒙早日寄来样品或产品册，将不胜感激。
I would appreciated if samples or brochure could be soon forward to us.10.如能尽早回复，我将非常感谢。
I would appreciated it if you can reply as soon as poible.11.他本来在天津开会，会议一结束，他就上北京去度假了，昨天才坐飞机回来。
He had flown yesterday from Beijing where he spent his vocation after finishing the meeting he had taken part in Tianjing.12.In practice, the selected interval thickne is usually a compromise between the need for a thin interval to maximize the resolution and a thick interval to minimize the error.为保证最大的分辨率必须选用薄层，为使误差最小必须选用厚层，实际上要权衡一下来选择厚度。
13.在自然界找不到处于游离状态的铝，因为这种金属总是和其他元素结合在一起，最普遍是跟氧结合（铝和氧都有很强的亲和力）。所以，铝直到十九世纪才被人类发现。
Aluminum remained unknown until 19th century, because no free aluminum can be found in the nature, due to the metal can connected with other elements, most commonly with oxygen for aluminum and oxygen having strong affinity.14.It was to test the effect of mercury on the heart that the two new studies compared the mercury levels in clipping from toenails, where heavy metal tend to be deposited.重金属通常是富集在指甲内，于是两项新的研究比较了脚趾甲剪取物中的汞水平，以此来考察对比心脏的影响。
英汉语序差异
1.人体T细胞白血病病毒：human T-cell leukemia virus 2.国际经济新秩序：a new international economic order 3.第五届全国化学生物学学术会议：The 5th National Conference on Chemical Biology 4.Nation Academy of Sciences：国家科学院
5.Overview of GMP, Quality System and Compliance in the US：美国的GMP和质量体系合规性概观
6.common side effect of the chemotherapeutic drugs used to treat cancer：治疗癌症的化疗药的一般副作用 7.这个通信卫星可以在任何时间向任何地点有效的传递语音信号和数据信号。
The communications satellite can send voice signal and data signal to any place at anytime.8.昨天在真空中进行了这个反应。
The reaction is carried out in a vacuum yesterday.9.中国南京江宁区龙眠大道639号。
639 Longmian Avenue, jiangning district, Nanjing, China 10.When the gene is activated, mice exhibit symptoms that mimic depreion.基因被激活，小鼠表现出抑郁的症状。
11.The temperature is between 20-25℃ in the lab no matter when it is measured.无论什么时候测量，实验室的温度都保持在20-25度之间。 12.无论出于固态，液态或气态，水的化学成分都保持不变。
The chemical constituents of water remains constant whether it is in solid, liquid or gaseous state.13.SELDL-TOF-MS is a rapid and sensitive proteomic technique that has been applied to identify biomarkers in various diseases.
14.由于甜椒中的亲脂性成分，用极性洗脱液洗脱的甜椒样品表现出更高的生物活性。
The sweet pepper samples eluted with polar eluents exerted high bioactivity due to their lipophilic component.15.该项准则随后成为了全球公认的评价口服固体剂型均匀度的非药典测量方法。
动态，静态及名词化
1． 地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜变化。
The rotation of earth its axis causes the change from day to night.2． 采用这种新装置可以大大降低废品率。
The adoption of this new device will greatly cut down the percentage of defective products.3． 为使物体克服惯性而运动，就需要一个力。 A force is needed to move an object against inertia.4． 许多学贯中西的大师的经历证明，学不好母语的人，也不可能真正学好外语。
The experience of many great master well versed in the learning of both Chinese and Western cultures have shown that without a mastery of his native language, it is impoible for one to be truly at home with a foreign language.
增词减词 增词
1.After the football match, he’s got an important meeting.2.He said he’d come to the discuion.3.Her job was sweeping, scratching, cleaning.4.I could knit when I was seven.5.This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.6.Because of its reliability and simplicity evaporation is often applied on a large scale, normally using steam as the heat source.7.Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty.8.During an EL Nino the preures over Australia, Indonesia and the Philippines are higher than normal, which results in dry conditions or even droughts.9.Were there no gravity, there would be no air around the earth.10.The sun warms the earth, which makes it poible for plants to grow.11.The frequency, wave length, and speed of sound are closely related.12.Human beings have not yet been able to make an element by combining protons, neutrons and electrons.13.Air is a mixture of gases.14.Things in the universe are changing all the time.15.Plastic bowls marked microwavable are probably safer than those that aren’t.16.Matter can be changed into energy and energy into matter.17.The earth’s population is doubling, the environment is being damaged.18.The chief effects of electric currents are the magnetic, heating and chemical effects.
减词
1.由于失业率增高，美元币值下降，股票市场处于困境之中，经济问题将是总统所面临的最严峻的考验。 With high unemployment, the low dollar and the distr stock market, the economy will be the president’s trail.2.你参加过花样滑冰项目的比赛吗？
3.阳光会破坏牛奶一类食品的维生素成分。
4.我们已经从其他国家有计划有选择的进口了一些成套的设备。 5.应探索各种途径和手段促进儿童语言的发展。
Various channels and ways should be explored to promote the language development of children.6.这家航空公司需要加强改进和完善运行机制。
The airline company should make intensive effort to change and improve.7.回顾过去病史，未发现感染反复发作。
8.今年我们在引进工作方面又取得了重大成绩。 9.我们积极支持生态农业。
10.肯德基出了新品种的香辣鸡翅。
11.抗氧化剂是某种存在于食品中的化学物质。 Antioxidant is a chemical in food.12.这台较复杂的电脑又能设计出一台更为复杂的电脑，而且还可以一代代更加复杂精密的开发，研制下去。 This more complex computer could design one still more complex and soon…
句意反译 肯定译为否定
1． 这份说明书不够详尽。 The specification lacks details.2． 我们不应该再把海洋当成人类的生活污水和工业污水的垃圾场了。 We should stop treating the sea as a dump for human and industrial effluent.3． 精密仪器必须保持无尘。
Precise instrument must be keep free from the dust.4． 铁箱能使地球磁场影响不了指南针。
An iron case will keep the Earth’s magnetic field away from the compa.5． 我们无权签此合同。
It’s beyond our power to sign the contract.6． 他们公司在产品的包装和宣传上明显比不上竞争对手。
Their company is obviously inferior to their rival in product packing and davertisement.7.There are many other energy source in store.有很多能源尚未开发。
8.In the high altitude snow and ice remain all year.高海拔处冰雪常年不化。
9.As rubber prevents electricity from paing through it, it is used as insulating material.由于橡胶不导电，所以可以用作绝缘材料。
10.We have found your terms and conditions agreeable.我们对你的章程和条款没有异议。
否定译为肯定
1.The study of genetics will never be so all encompaing as to gobble up every subject from medicine to sociology.遗传学几乎包含了从药学到社会学的所有学科。
2.The advantages of nano-structured materials do no end here.纳米材料的优点一言难尽。
3.Until recently geneticists were not interested in particular gene.基因学家最近才开始对特定基因感兴趣。 4.Don’t lose time in posting this letter.请及时送达这封信。
5.No deposit will be refunded unle ticket produced.凭票退押金。
6.It was suggested that such devices should be designed and produced without delay.这意味着这个设施需要按时设计和生产。
7.Ice is not as dense as water and it therefore floats.冰的密度比水小，因此能浮在水面上。
8.These bacteria will not die until the temperature reaches 100℃ 100℃可以杀灭细菌。
9.Its importance can’t be streed too strongly.它的重要性怎么强调也不为过。
10.We don’t consider melting to be chemical changes.我们认为熔化不改变化学成分。
11.The doctor do not expect that the patient with breast cancer will recover.医生认为乳腺癌患者康复机率小。
12.One could not be too careful in a new neighborhood.搬到一个新住处要越小心越好。
物称与人称
1.Pork has priced itself out of his dish.猪肉太贵，他吃不起。
2.Space does not allow us to further analyze this problem here.限于篇幅，我们不能在此对这个问题做进一步分析。 3.By now optimism had given way to doubt.至此，人们不再盲目乐观，而是疑惑重重。
4.Aminophylline does not share the usual objection to vasodilators.人们通常反对使用血管扩张剂但并不反对使用氨茶碱。 5.The exigency of the case admitted of no alternative.情况紧急，别无选择。
6.It never occurred to me that she was dishonest.我从来没想过她不老实。
7.There was a strike participated in by five thousand workers.五千个工人参加了罢工。
8.“There is an increased level of anxiety disproportionate to the actual risk,” says Jerrold Bushberg, who directs programs in health physics at the University of California at Davis.“It’s the dose that makes the poison.It’s not a binary thing.”
人们的焦虑情绪日益强烈，但实际上人们并不需要如此担忧，只有剂量够大，才会把人毒死，并不是非此即彼。
9.The resistance can be determined provided that the voltage and current are know.已知电压和电流可以确定电阻。
10.Some things have been said here tonight that ought not to have been spoken.有人在此讲了不该讲的话
11.It is said that the rhythm of tides is affected by moon.月亮影响潮汐规律。
12.突然间我想到了一个主意。
Suddenly I got an idea./Suddenly an idea struck me.13.不同的人对食物持不同的态度。
Different people have different attitude towards food./Attitudes toward food vary from person to person.14.人们一致认为植物病毒不会感染动物，反之亦然。
It has always been aumed that plant virus cannot infect animals and vice versa.15.Friday started with a morning visit to the modern campus of the 22000-student University of Michigan in nearby Ann Arbor, where the Chinese table tennis team joined students in the cafeteria inn for lunch and later played an exhibition match.
中国乒乓球队在星期五早上参观了坐落于安娜堡附近，拥有2200名学生的密歇根大学的现代化校园，并在学校自助餐厅与学生一起进餐，然后进行了一场表演赛。
16.There has been a striking continuous, but unexplained decline in the reported death rate of gastric carcinoma in the United States from 34 per 1,000,000 population in 1930 to 8 per 100,000 currently.据报道，美国的胃癌死亡率一直在明显地持续下降，从1930年的0.034%到目前的0.008%，但原因不明。 17.The journey from embryonated egg to the ligase chain reaction has embraced an enormous amount of work involving tiue cell culture ,enzyme immunoaay, fluorescence ,and molecular techniques.从最早的鸡胚（中分离得到衣原体）发展到用连接酶链锁反应（诊断衣原体感染），医学专家们进行了组织细胞培养、酶免疫测定、荧光反应和分子技术等大量工作。
被动语态
1.Qinghao has been used to treat malaria in China for over 2000 years.在中国使用青蒿治疗疟疾已经有2000多年历史了。 2.There problems must be solved before the tests start.考试开始之前必须解决这些问题。
3.Pain may be treated with drugs, physical measures or surgery.药物，物理治疗，外科手术可以治疗疼痛。
4.The patient is questioned by a doctor about his present complaint and the date of the onset of the disease.医生询问病人现在的情况以及疾病开始的时间。
5.Several elements and compounds may be extracted directly from seawater.一些元素和化合物可以从海水中直接提取出来。
6.While a current is flowing through a wire, the latter is being heated.电线有电流通过后会发热。
7.Weak magnetic field are know to come from the human body.已知人体会产生一定的微弱的磁场。
8.Air resistance must be given careful consideration when the miile is to be designed.导弹设计时要特别注意空气阻力问题。
9.It is claimed that soap powders polluted the water we drink. 有人声称肥皂粉污染了我们的饮用水源。 10.心脏往往被看作是人体最重要的器官。
The heart is often regarded as the most important human organ. 11.雄性Wistar大鼠20只随机分成对照组和糖尿病组。
20 male Wistar rats were divided into two groups randomly :control group and diabetes group.12.本文以前没有发表过，目前也没有考虑投寄其他杂志发表。
This paper has not been previously published, also not been considered in other journal at present.13.Replication is normally carried out by the A, B, or C family polymerases with high fidelity and high proceivity.
复制过程通常是由具有高保真性和高持续合成性的聚合酶家族A，B或C实施的。
14.The conflict between the urgent need for new antimicrobial agents against resistance bacteria in clinic and le development of new antibiotics should be resolved by the cooperations among enterprises , government and institutions.企业、政府和科研机构之间的合作将是解决临床对于治疗耐药菌感染的新型药物的迫切需求与抗菌药研发处于低谷之间矛盾的方法。or耐药菌感染治疗急需新型抗菌药物，而抗菌药物的研究开发处于相对低谷,由此所产生的矛盾应该由企业、政府与科研机构合作解决。
15.Although an aociation between migraine and chest pain has been described, an aociation between migraine and coronary events has not been firmly established.虽然先前已有过关于偏头痛和胸痛之间关联的描述，但是偏头痛和冠心病之间的关联尚未确立。
汉语无主语句的英译
1.弄不好，就会前功尽弃。
If things are not properly handled, our labor will be totally lost.2.要了解中国，可以有很多视角。
There are different angles to approach China. 3.学习先进，才有可能赶超先进。
Only by learning from the advances is it poible for one to catch up with and surpa them.4.与其说海洋把陆地分开，不如说海洋把陆地连在一起。 The ocean do not so much divide the world as unite it.5.从他家到公园很近。
It is only a stone’s throw from his house to the park.6.我的家乡冬天很少下雪。 It seldom snows in my hometown.7.可以采用各种方法使温度下降。
We can take all sorts of measures to bring the temperature down.Various methods can be adopted to keep the temperature down.8.首先要保证产品的质量。
The quality of the products must be guaranteed.
9.操纵这些机器时必须小心。
Be careful when operating these machines.10.要着力解决经济社会发展中的突出矛盾。
Efforts must be made to resolve the prominent conflicts in economic and social development.11.使用电子显微镜，能获得大得多的放大倍数。
Much greater magnification can be obtained when electronic microscope is used. 12.该项实验中肯定困难很多。
There must be many difficulties in the experiment.13.没有顺利，无所谓困难；没有困难，也无所谓顺利。 Without facility, there would be no difficulty, and vice versa.14.对母语是英语的人来说，根本不可能4个星期就学会汉语。
It is impoible for native English speakers to master Chinese in just four weeks. 15.已经决定几个月后进行生产。
It has been decided that production should begin in a few months.16.建议采用中国生产的设备。
It is suggested that the equipment made in China be adopted.17.随信附上我们新开发产品的样品。
Enclosed are samples of our newly developed products.
定语从句
1.Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。
2.Fever is a condition in which the body temperature is higher than normal.发烧是提问高于正常的情况。
3.Eential hypertension is the name given to the type of hypertension for which no cause can be found.原因不明的高血压成为原发性高血压。
4.The chemicals that make metabolism poible come from the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the food we eat.使新陈代谢成为可能的化学物质来自我们呼吸的空气、所饮的水和所吃的食物。
5.The body consists of a large number of organs, each of which has its own particular function to perform.人体由大量器官构成，每种器官都有特殊的功能。
6.Glycogen is stored in the liver, which is released as needed in the form of glucose.糖原储存于肝，需要时以葡萄糖的形式释放出。
7.Operation can be performed with acupuncture analgesia, which is a great contribution to the development of medical science.手术可用针刺痛法进行，这对医学的发展是一大贡献。
8.The blood flows from the small arteries into the capillaries in which it gives up oxygen to the body cells and removes wastes from the tiues.血流由小动脉流入血管，在毛细血管血液把氧释放给身体的细胞并从组织中排除废物。
9.We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.我们知道由于猫的眼睛比人的眼睛能吸收更多的光线，所以可以在夜间看的清楚。 10.The disease, which may occur at any age, is most frequent in early adult life.
此病可发生于任何年龄，但以年轻的成年人常见。
11.Cancer should be suspected in persons who have any of these symptoms and signs for unaccountable causes and for an unreasonable period of time.如果病人具有任何这些症状和体征，病因又难以说明，而且持续时间长，就应怀疑癌症。
12.Third world countries export their mineral deposit and tropical agriculture products, which bring them desired foreign exchange.第三世界国家出口矿物和热带农作物以换取所需的外汇。 13.The purpose for which electricity is used is numerous.
电的用途是很多的。
14.Fortunately, there are some chemical fuels that are clean and smokele.
幸好，有些化学燃料是洁净无烟的。
英语长句
1.It was believed that perhaps during its existence inside the body of the mother, the growing embryo becomes fixed on the sound of the heart beat; if this is so, then the discovery of this familiar sound after birth might have a calming effect on the infant, especially as it has just been thrust into a strange and frightening new world outside .据说，在母体发育期间，胎儿的注意力可能会集中于心跳的节律；如果是这样，那么外界相似的声音可能会对出生后的婴儿产生镇静作用，特别是刚来到这陌生又可怕的新世界的婴儿。
2.Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill patients do not want to know the truth about their condition , and that informing them risking destroying their hope , so that they may recover more slowly , or deteriorate faster , perhaps even commit suicide .研究表明，大多数医生深信重病患者并不想知道他们的真实病情，冒着会毁灭他们希望的风险告知他们事实，会使他们恢复得更慢，或者会加速恶化，甚至导致自杀。
3.He had cleared up those confusions which arose from different medicines that had been given a same name and different names that had been given to the same substance.同名不同药，同药不同名，由此造成的混淆，他都一一予以澄清。
4.It was to test the effects of mercury on the heart that two new studies compared the mercury levels in clippings from toenails, (where heavy metals tend to be deposited) .因为重金属容易在脚趾甲富集，为了测试汞对心脏的影响，所以两项新的研究比对了从脚趾甲上剪下的碎片中的汞水平。
5.What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in a routine physical checkup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months? 比如说一个46岁的男子----在与家人外出度假之前进行常规身体检查---尽管他自己感觉很好，但医生发现他患有某种癌症，6个月内会死亡，这时医生该怎么对他讲呢？
6.There is no more difference, but there is the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person ,as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales , and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights.科学家的思维活动和普通人的思维活动之间存在着差别。这种差别就跟面包师或卖肉的人与化学家在操作方法上的差别一样——前者用普通的秤称商品的重量，后者则用天平和精密的砝码进行艰难复杂的定量分析。其差别不过如此而已。
7.This hope of “early discovery” of lung cancer followed by surgical cure, which currently seems to be the most effective form of therapy, is often thwarted by diverse biology behaviors in the rate and direction of growth of cancer.
肺癌早期发现，随后进行外科治疗，这可能是目前最有效的治疗办法，但这个希望由于肺癌生长速度和方向等生物学特征不相同而破灭。
8.Over the periods the snakes’ saliva, a mild, digestive juice like our own, was converted into a poison that defies analysis even today.在演化的过程中，蛇的唾液——一种温和、助消化的像人类唾液一样的液体——变成了甚至在今天也难以分析的毒液。
9.But scientists hope stem cells can be used to grow a range of tiues, from brain tiue to treat diseases such as Parkinson’s, in which brain cells are destroyed, to juvenile diabetes, in which key cells in the pancreas die off.但科学家希望干细胞能用来分化成一系列组织，如从脑组织到胰腺组织，用于治疗由于脑细胞被破坏引起的疾病如帕金森病以及由胰腺关键细胞死亡引起的青少年糖尿病。
