被动语态讲解与练习题
语态是动词的一种形式,表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系,主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。
一．被动语态的时态：
1.一般现在时的被动语态： am /is/ are +动词的过去分词 2.一般过去时的被动语态： was /were +动词的过去分词 3.一般将来时的被动语态： will be +动词的过去分词
4.现在进行时的被动语态： am /is /are +being +动词的过去分词 5.现在完成时的被动语态： have /has +been +动词的过去分词 6.情态动词的被动语态： 情态动词 + be +动词的过去分词 二．被动语态的基本用法: (1) 需要强调动作的承受者时
The Great Wall is enjoyed by millions of people all over the world English is widely spoken in the world now. (2) 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时
Mr.Wang is invited to the meeting today .The problem is dealt with now .(3) 当说话人需要强调客观时
It is said that she was a beauty when she was young .三．主动主动语态变被动语态的变法：
口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变be done ,时不变，数格必须随被变。
注：1.主动、被动的时态要一致。
2.主动、被动的句式要一致。
3.变成的被动语态的主语与谓语在单复数上保持一致。 语态转换不被动语态的步骤
1, 把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语 2, 把动词改为被动语态形式即\"be+过去分词\"。
3, 原来主动语态句子中的主语,如果需要就放在by的后面以它的宾格形式出现(因为by是介词,后面需跟宾格作介词的宾语。)以指明做事的人或物,如果没有必要,可以省略。 4, 其它成分不变
5, 被动语态中\"by+宾语\"的省略
被动语态句式中的\"by+宾语\"表示及物动词所表示动作的执行者,但是在遇到以下情况时,表示动作执行者\"by +宾语\"常常被省略。 (1) 动作执行者不确定时
Paper is made from wood .Many people are killed in traffic accidents every year .(2) 不必表明动作执行者时
English is also spoken as the second language as well as one of the official languages Football is played in most schools。 (3 ) 动作执行者为一般大众时 Both English and Spanish are spoken in this area.一般过去时的被动语态的基本句式
(1) 肯定式:主语+ was /were +过去分词+by It was made in Beijing Ren\'ai Education Institute . (2) 否定式:主语+was /were + not + 过去分词+ by She was not given a paniting by him .This question was not discued at the meeting yesterday .(3) 一般疑问句:Was /Were + 主语+过去分词+by ? Was it made of bamboo? (4) 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were + 过去分词+by What was is made of ? 教你一招
如果句子为一般现在时,主动语态用do/does ,被动语态用is/am /are 如果句子为一般过去时,主动语态用did ,被动语态用was /were .由情态动词构成的被动语态的基本句式
(1) 肯定式:主语+情态动词+be+ 过去-Water can be changed into ice.She ought to tidy up her bedroom----Her bedroom ought to be tidied up.You should buy a dictionary at once ----A dictionary should be bought at once by you.(2) 否定式:主语+ 情态动词+not +be +过去分词+by You must not take out any books .- Any books mustn\'t be taken out by you .They needn\'t look after the little child ----The little child needn\'t be looked after (by them) (3) 疑问句:情态动词+主语+be +过去分词+by Can you use it ?------Can it be used ? 常见的情态动词有:can,may, ought to, must , dare , need,should.主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况: 1, 当宾语是反身代词时 The man introduced himself as Mr.Parker .2,当谓语是表示状态的及物动词时 Does the pair of new shoes suit you? We will have a meeting .四．特殊情况的被动语态： 1.带双宾语的被动语态： 动词+ sb(间宾) +sth(直宾) 口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to /for 间宾连。 1).give/pa /show 与介词to 搭配。
give sb sth —— sb +be given sth 或 sth +be given +to sb . 2).buy/make/cook 与介词for 搭配。
buy sb sth —— sb +be bought + sth 或 sth +be bought +for sb He gave me a book
I ______ ______ a book by him.
A book ____ ____ _____ me by him .My mother made me a cake . I ____ _____ a cake by my mother
A cake ____ ____ ____ me by my mother .2.带省to 的不定式作宾补的被动语态：动词+ sb + do sth .口诀：感使动词真叫怪，to来to去记心怀，主动语态to离去被动语态to回来。 动词：make / let /have /see /hear /feel /watch make sb do sth ----sb + be +made +to do sth The bo made the workers work all day
The workers ____ ____ ____ work all day by the bo.3.see /hear /notice /keep +sb +doing sth 句型中变被动语态时doing 不变。
I heard Tom singing just now Tom _____ _____ _____ by me just now .4.以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。 We should take care of the old .The old should ______ _____ _____ _____ .五．注意事项：
1.有些及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态： last ,have ,own …..belong to ,suit…fine , 2.不及物动词是没有被动语态：
happen ,take place ,appear , hold (容纳) 3.系动词是没有被动语态：Look, feel ,sound ,smell ,taste ….The dish tastes good .4.有些词组没有被动语态：sell well , write well ,ride well ,drive well This kind of skirt sells well.5.need表示需要时，后面常接doing 形式表示被动意义，相当于to be done .All the computers need repairing .= All the computers need _____ _____ _____ .6.在too…to…及enough to …结构中有时表示被动意义。 The problem is too difficult to solve.
被动语态专项练习
一、选择题（2×15=30分）
( )1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year? A.Is; built B.Was; built C.Does; build D.Did ; build ( )2.An accident ____ on this road last week.A.has been happened B.was happened C.is happened D.happened ( )3.Cotton（棉花） ____ in the southeast of China.A.is grown B.are grown C.grows D.grow ( )4.So far, the moon ____ by man already.A.is visited B.will be visited C.has been visited D.was visited ( )5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week. A.is given B.has been given C.will be given D.gives ( )6.How many trees ____ this year? A.are planted B.will plant C.have been planted D.planted ( )7.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now. A.are doing B.are being done C.has been done D.will be done ( )8.--When ___ this kind of computers______? --Last year. A.did; use B.was; used C.is; used D.are; used ( )9.The Great Wall ____ all over the world. A.knows B.knew C.is known D.was known ( )10.Who _____ this book _____? A.did; written B.was; written by C.did; written D.was; written ( )11.A story _____ by Granny yesterday. A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us ( )12.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree. A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump ( )13.The school bag ___ behind the chair. A.puts B.can be put C.can be putted D.can put ( )14.Older people ____ well. A.looks after B.must be looked after C.must look after D.looked after ( )15.Our teacher ______ carefully. A.should be listened to B.should be listen C.be listened D.is listened
二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。（1×20=20分）(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢) 1.It\'s said(据说) that the long bridge______________（build）in two months． 2.Where to have the meeting ______________ （discu）now．
3.Which language _______the most widely_______（speak）in the world？ 4.The lost boy_____________（not find）so far．
5.Last year a large number of trees______________（cut）down．
6.The students _____ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.7.The old man is ill.He ______ (must send) to the hospital.8.Vegetables, eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop.9.What _______ knives ______ (make) of ? They_______________(make) of metal(金属) and wood.10.Can the magazine ________ (take) out of the library? 11.The room _____________ (clean) by me every day.12.The stars can’t _____________ (see) in the daytime.
13.Some flowers _______________ (water) by Li Ming already.14.This kind of shoes __________ (sell) well.15.How long _____ your uncle ______(be) in the city? 16.The food _____________ (smell) delicious.17.Look! Someone __________(dance).
三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。 （1×30=30分） 1.Is tea grown in South China？（改为主动语态） _______ people _________ tea in South China？
2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year．（同义句转换）
A birthday present _______ _______ _______ _______by my parents every year． 3.The work is going to be finished in two days.(对划线提问) How_______ _______ the work going to be finished ? 4.The children will sing an English song.(改为被动语态) An English song ______ ______ _______ by the children.5.You needn\'t do it now.(改为被动语态) It ______ ________ ________ by you now.6.People use metal for making machines.(改为被动语态) Metal ________ _________ _______making machines.7.He made me do that for him.(改为被动语态) I ______ ________ ________ ______ that for him.8.They are watching the football match.The football match _______ _______ _______ by them.9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago? (改为被动语态) __________ a bridge ____________ here by them a year ago? 10.They have sold out the light green drees.(改为被动语态) The light green drees ________ _________ ___________ out.11.We call the game “Lianliankan”.(改为被动语态) The game _______ ________ “Lianliankan” by us.
四、根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。 (1×10=10分) ①The new bike ______ ______ _____ _____ （买给我）by my parents as a present last week． ②_______ your mobile phone _______ _______ ________（是国产的吗）？ ③The whole mountain is _________ _________ (覆盖) the snow.
五、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。 （10分） ①I have a lot of homework to be done tonight． ____________ ②Is your history teacher listened carefully in cla？ ____________ ③Lei Feng\'s name remembered by all Chinese people． ____________ ④The music is sounded beautiful. ____________ ⑤By who was this new educational CD-ROM designed ? _____________ Answers
一、选择题（2×15=30分）
1.B2.D3.A 4.C5.6.C 7.B 8.B 9.C 10.B11.B 12.D 13.B 14.B15.A
二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。（1×20=20分）(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢) 1.will be built 2.is being discued 3.is spoken 4.hasn’t been found 5.were cut 6.are told 7.must be sent 8.are sold 9.are made , are made 10.be taken 11.is cleaned 12.be seen 13.have been watered 14.sells 15.has been 16.smells 17 is dancing
三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。 （1×30=30分）
1.Do, grow 2.is given to me 3.soon is 4.will be sung5.needn’t be done 6.is used for 7.was made to do 8.is being watched 9.was built 10.have been sold 11.is called
四、根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。 (1×10=10分) ① was bought for me ② Is made in China ③ covered with
五、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。 （10分） ①be done改为 do② listened改为 listened to ③ remembered 改为 was remembered ④ is sounded 改为sounds ⑤By who 改为 By whom
