常见离子方程式总结
1.Na+ H2O:2Na+ 2H2O= 2Na++2OH-+H2↑
2.Cl2+ H2O:Cl2+ H2O= H+ +Cl- +HClO
3.Na2O2+ H2O:2Na2O2+ 2H2O=4Na++4OH-+ O2↑
4.MnO2+HCl:MnO2+4 H++2Cl-=Mn2++ Cl2↑+ 2H2O
+5.Cu+HNO3(稀):3Cu+8H+2NO3-=3Cu2+2NO↑+4 H2O
++-6.FeCl3+SO2+H2O:2Fe3+ SO2+2H2O=2Fe2+ SO42+4H+
7.KIO3+KI+CH3COOH:IO3-+5I-+6CH3COOH=I2+6CH3COO-+3 H2O
+8.FeCl3+沸水:Fe3+3 H2O(沸水)= Fe(OH)3(胶体)+3 H+
9.C6H5ONa+ CO2:C6H5O-+ H2O +CO2= C6H5OH+HCO3-
+10.Fe+HNO3(稀,不足):3Fe+8H++2NO3-=3 Fe 2+2NO↑+4 H2O
+11.Fe+HNO3(稀,过量):Fe+4H++NO3-= Fe 3+NO↑+2 H2O
+-+-12.FeBr2+Cl2(过量):2Fe 2+4Br+3Cl2= 2Fe 3+2Br2+ 6Cl
++-13.FeBr2+Cl2(不足):2Fe 2+Cl2=2Fe 3+ 2Cl
--14.Ca(ClO)2+ SO2+H2O:ClO+ SO2+H2O= HClO+ SO42+H+
15.Mg(HCO3)2+ Ca(OH)2:Mg2++2HCO3-+ 2Ca2++4OH-= Mg(OH)2↓+ CaCO3↓+2 H2O
--16.NH4HCO3+ NaOH(过量):NH4++ HCO3+2OH-=NH3·H2O+ CO32+H2O
17.AlCl3+过量氨水:Al3+ +3NH3·H2O=Al(OH)3↓+3NH4+
18.NaHCO3+ Ca(OH)2(不足):2 HCO3-+ Ca 2++2OH-= CaCO3↓+2 H2O+ CO32- NaHCO3+ Ca(OH)2(过量):HCO3-+ Ca 2++OH-= CaCO3↓+ H2O
19.NaHSO4+ Ba(OH)2(呈中性):2 H++2 OH-+ SO42-+ Ba2+= BaSO4↓+2 H2ONaHSO4+ Ba(OH)2(恰好沉淀):H++ OH-+ SO42-+ Ba2+= BaSO4↓+ H2O
20.NH4HSO4+ Ba(OH)2(等物质的量):NH4++ H++ SO42-+ Ba2++2 OH-= BaSO4↓+2 H2ONH4HSO4+ Ba(OH)2(物质的量之比2:1):2 H++ SO42-+ Ba2++2 OH-= BaSO4↓+2 H2O
21.Ca(OH)2+ CO2(不足):Ca 2++ 2 OH- +CO2= CaCO3↓+ H2OCa(OH)2+ CO2(过量)OH- +CO2= HCO3-
22.NaOH+ CO2(不足):2 OH- +CO2= CO32-+ H2ONaOH+ CO2(过量):OH- +CO2= HCO3-
23.AlCl3+ NaOH(不足):Al3++3 OH- = Al(OH)3↓AlCl3+ NaOH(过量):Al3++4 OH-= AlO2-+2 H2O
24.NaAlO2+ HCl (不足):AlO2-+H+ + H2O= Al(OH)3↓NaAlO2+ HCl (过量):AlO2-+4H+= 4 Al3++2 H2O
25.Na2CO3+ HCl(不足):CO32-+H+= HCO3-
Na2CO3+ HCl(过量):CO32-+2H+= CO2+ H2O
26.Ca(ClO)2+ CO2(不足)+H2OCa 2++2 ClO-+ CO2+ H2O= CaCO3↓+2HClOCa(ClO)2+ CO2(过量)+H2OClO-+ 2CO2+ 2H2O= 2HCO3-+2H ClO
27.Ca(ClO)2+ SO2+H2OCa 2++2 ClO-+ SO2+ H2O= CaSO4↓+HClO+H ++Cl-
28.KAl(SO4)2+ Ba(OH)2(沉淀的物质的量最大):
2 Al3++3 SO42-+3 Ba2++6 OH-=3 BaSO4↓+2 Al(OH)3↓KAl(SO4)2+ Ba(OH)2(沉淀的质量最大):
Al3++2 SO42-+2 Ba2++4OH-=2BaSO4↓+AlO2-+2 H2O
29.Ca(HCO3)2+ NaOH(不足):Ca 2++ HCO3-+ OH-= CaCO3↓+ H2OCa(HCO3)2+ NaOH(过量):Ca 2++ 2HCO3-+ 2OH-= CaCO3↓+ 2H2O+ CO32-