力轩教育初中英语
一、句子成分
句子成分：组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分有：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、状语、定语和宾语补足语。
主语：主语是一句话的主体，表明说的是谁或是什么。主语一般放在谓语之前，常由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式等充当。
例如：1 I am a student.
2 To keep a donkey is much easier than to keep a horse.
3 Four and two is six.
谓语：谓语说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语由动词充当。谓语有简单谓语和复合谓语之分。
(1)简单谓语：
1) They work hard.
2) Mary likes her new bike.
(2)复合谓语：
①由“情态动词+动词原形”构成的复合谓语。例如：
He may come today.
②由“连系动词+表语”构成的复合谓语。例如：
1) My parents are both teachers.
2) They all look fine.
③主语与谓语一致。
一个句子的谓语动词在人称和数两方面必须保持一致。
表语：在连系动词后，用来说明主语的身份、状态或特征的成分是表语。可作表语的有：名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语，以及动词不定式、动名词、分词等。例如：
1) Wang’s father is a doctor.
2) Who is there? ---It’s me (I).
3) He is always carele.
4) The football match is on.
5) All the pupils are on the playground now.
宾语：及物动词涉及到的人或物，称为动词宾语。宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词之后的名词或代词，称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中作动词宾语或介词宾语。另外，动词不定式可作动词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语或介词宾语。例如：
1) ---How many notebooks do you want?
---I want five.
2) His sister is good at playing che.
直接宾语和间接宾语：有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指物，称为直接宾语；一个指人，称为间接宾语。此类动词如下：give,show,bring,pa,etc.有时可把间接宾语变成介词to 或for 的宾语，放在直接宾语后。如：
1) Our teacher told us an interesting story.
2) I will buy some books for you.
3) The sun gives light and warmth to us.
宾语补语：在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分，称为宾语补语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语，以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾 1
力轩教育初中英语
语补语。例如：
1) We made him head of the group.
2) I don’t believe the story true.
3) Jim asked me to help him.
定语：用来修饰名词或代词的成分是定语。可作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语，以及动词不定式、分词等。
定语有前置定语和后置定语之分：(1)形容词、代词、数词、名词等作定语，一般放在被修饰词之前作前置定语；(2)副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词等放在被修饰词之后作后置定语；(3)修饰复合不定代词（如something,anything,everything,nothing）的形容词要放在后面作后置定语。例如：
(1) The red bike is mine.
(2) She was thinking about a maths problem.
(3) They cleaned their claroom.
(4) The man from Beijing is my friend.
状语：状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子；一般表示时间、地点、方式、程度、原因、目的、条件、结果、让步、频度等意义。
(1) You are quiet right.
(2) I arrived too late to catch the train.
(3) Her mother usually goes out to do some shopping on Sundays.
(4) He sat here reading a novel.
